北师大版高中英语选择性必修第一册UNIT2 Section Ⅱ Lesson2 Lesson3学案

SectionⅡLESSON2&LESSON3Ⅰ.匹配词义A．单词匹配()1.influential A．vt.拒绝接受()2.production B．n.冠军称号，冠军地位()3.minimum C．adj.有影响力的()4.reject D．n.thequantityofgoodsthatisproduced()5.championship E．n.最少量；最小数；最低限度()6.publisher F．adj.学术的()7.contract G．n.anofficialwrittenagreement()8.extreme H．n.出版商()9.academic I．n.强度；强烈()10.intensity J．n.thegreatestorhighestdegreeofsth.[答案]1—5CDEAB6—10HGJFIB．短语匹配()1.devote...to A．待在家里()2.boildowntosth. B．使与众不同()3.stayin C．致力于()4.applyoneselftosth. D．归结为；要点是()5.setsb./sth.apart E．努力；专心致志于某事[答案]1—5CDAEBⅡ.默写单词1．devotevt. 把……奉献给；专心致力于2．motivatingadj. 起激励作用的；激发(人)的3．limitvt.&n. 限制，限定4．convincevt. 使确信；使信服5．ruinvt. 糟蹋；毁坏6．skipvt. 不做(本来应做的事)；蹦跳着走7．defensiveadj. 戒备的，自卫的8．countlessadj. 无数的，数不尽的9．hirevt. 租用10．enormousadj. 巨大的，庞大的11．lengthn. 长度12．injuredadj. 受伤的13．outstandingadj. 杰出的，优秀的14．averageadj. 平庸的，普通的；平均的n. 平均水平；平均数15．normaladj. 正常的，平常的Ⅰ.语境填词limit；convinced；ruined；devote；minimum；normal；average；skipped；outstanding；hire1．Iwanttodevotemoretimetomyfamily.2．Thispriceishisminimum；herefusestoloweritanyfurther.3．Hemustlimitthenumberofcigaretteshesmokes.4．Robert'sexpressionhadobviouslyconvincedherofhisinnocence.5．Thestormruinedourwheat.6．Heskippedlightlyupthestairs.7．Noordinaryfamiliescanaffordtohireservants.8．Therewasnothingspecialaboutthemeal；itwasaverage．9．Shebracedherselftoleadanormallife.10．Herlatehusbandwasanoutstandingscientist.Ⅱ.语法填空之派生词1．Theoilcompanieshavelosttheirpoweroveroilpriceandoilproduction(produce)．2．Heisaveryinfluential(influence)maninthegovernment.3．Iftheirluckholds，theycouldstillwinthechampionship(champion)．4．It'snormally(normal)muchwarmerthanthisinJuly.5．He'swritingahistoryofthetownforalocalpublisher(publish)．6．Accomplishinggoalsisamajormotivating(motivate)factorforanyone.7．Theyaskedforacademic(academy)freedom.8．Theenemyhasstrengthenedtheirdefensive(defend)position.9．Ididn'trealizetheintensity(intense)ofpeople'sfeelingsonthisissue.10．I'vetoldyoucountless(count)times.11．Thelength(long)ofaparagraphdependsontheinformationitconveys.12．Severalpeoplewereseriouslyinjured(injure)．1．WhydoOlympicathletespushthemselvestothelimits?为什么奥林匹克运动员要将自己逼到极限呢?2．HewasworriedthatIhadnolongerbecomefuntotrainwithandthatIwasindangerofbeingleftwithonlyaworldchampionshipmedalandnoonetoshareitwith.他担心和我一起训练不再是一件愉悦的事情，担心我处于只剩下世界冠军的奖牌而无人可以分享的危险境地。3．Itboilsdowntothis：Iwasbornwithanenormousamountofdriveanddetermination.归根结底，我天生就是个特别有干劲和意志力的人。4．Callitunhealthyifyouwant，butthatisthewayIroll，nomatterwhatitisI'mapplyingmyselfto.你若说这是一种病态也行，但这就是我的做事风格，不管做什么我都会全力以赴。5．Doingwhatwedoasathletessetsusapartbecausewearewillingtodothatextralittlebitthatmighttakeustothetop.作为运动员，我们所做的事情是与众不同的，因为我们愿意多做一点，这可能会让我们达到顶峰。课文助读①pushsb.tothelimit把某人推到极限②ruinfamilyholiday破坏家庭假日③skipnightout晚上不出去玩④giveup放弃⑤beworriedabout担心⑥nolonger不再⑦indangerof处于……的危险⑧aworldchampionshipmedal世界冠军奖牌⑨share...with和某人分享……⑩becomeangryordefensive变得愤怒或戒备⑪deepdown在内心深处⑫elementn．基本部分；要素⑬workoutn．训练，锻炼⑭mentalintensity精神上高度集中⑮pushthelimitandextreme挑战极限⑯aprofessionalathlete一名职业运动员⑰onaday-to-daybasis每天⑱besoselfish这么自私⑲sacrificen．牺牲⑳countlessbirthdayparties无数的生日聚会㉑searchfor寻找㉒hireacar租车㉓indowntownJohannesburg在约翰内斯堡市中心㉔drivethroughthe“no-go”areas开车穿过“禁入”区㉕doagroupride进行团体骑行㉖triathleten．铁人三项运动员㉗boildowntosth.要点是；归结为㉘anenormousamountofdrive大量的干劲㉙stayin待在家里㉚getaheadonclasswork在功课上领先㉛ratherthan而不是㉜onone'sown独自㉝swim100lengthsofthepool游100个来回㉞arugbyclub橄榄球俱乐部㉟applyoneselftosth.使(自己)致力于；使(注意力等)专注于㊱benodifferent没有什么不同㊲anOlympicchampion奥运冠军㊳setsb.apartfrom...使某人从……中突显出来㊴reachthewinner'splatform到达胜利者的平台㊵hadbetter最好㊶betotallycommittedto完全致力于㊷inthewordsof用……的话来说㊸meangettinginjured意味着受伤㊹prefertodo...宁愿……㊺beaverage平庸㊻setsb.apart使某人与众不同㊼bewillingtodo...愿意做……㊽abalancedway平衡的方式㊾normaladj.正常的，平常的㊿striveforgreatness追求伟大原文呈现GETTINGTOTHETOPWhydoOlympicathletespushthemselvestothelimits①？AsoneoftheOlympicathletes，Imissbirthdayparties，ruinfamilyholidays②andskipnightsout③，butthereisaverygoodreasonforgivingup④somuch.(1)“We'reworriedabout⑤you，”saidmyfriendfromacrossthetable.HewasworriedthatIhadnolonger⑥becomefuntotrainwithandthatIwasindangerof⑦beingleftwithonlyaworldchampionshipmedal⑧andnoonetoshareitwith⑨.(2)(1)but连接表示转折关系的并列句。(2)and连接两个that引导的宾语从句。Icouldhavebecomeangryordefensive⑩.Don'ttheyknowhowharditistobeatthetopinsport(3)？Don'ttheyknowwhatittakestogetthere(4)？However，deepdown⑪Iknewelements⑫ofwhathewassayingwereright(5)．Iwasalwaystiredandeveryworkout⑬hadamentalintensity⑭thatseemedtoomuchformosttohandle.(6)Iwaspushingthelimitsandextremes⑮beyondwhatmostthoughtwerehealthy(7)．(3)how引导宾语从句。(4)what引导宾语从句。(5)该句为省略that的宾语从句，其中whathewassaying作介词of的宾语。(6)and连接表示顺承关系的并列句，第二个分句中that...tohandle为定语从句，修饰先行词amentalintensity。(7)what引导宾语从句。ThesearethefearsIfaceasaprofessionalathlete⑯onaday-to-daybasis⑰(8)．WhoamIdoingthisfor？Howmuchistoomuch？WhyamIdoingthis？HowcanIbesoselfish⑱？Whatarethesacrifices⑲for?(8)该句为省略关系代词that的定语从句，修饰先行词fears。Ithinkofcountlessbirthdayparties⑳andnightsoutIhavemissed，ruiningafamilyholidayinFrancebecauseoftheendlesssearchfor㉑aswimmingpooltotrainin，almostmissingmybrother'sweddingbecauseIwastoobusyhiringacar㉒indowntownJohannesburg㉓anddrivingthroughthe“no-go”areas㉔inordertodoagroupride㉕withthelocaltriathletes㉖.(9)Thelistisendless.(9)Ihavemissed为定语从句，修饰先行词birthdaypartiesandnightsout；because引导原因状语从句。Itboilsdownto㉗this：Iwasbornwithanenormousamountofdrive㉘anddetermination.Fromasmallgirl，Iwouldstayin㉙atlunchtimejusttogetaheadonclasswork㉚ratherthan㉛gooutandplay；Iwouldgetthebusonmyown㉜attenyearsoldandgotoswim100lengthsofthepool㉝whileotherkidsplayedpoolgames(10)；Iwastheonlygirlinarugbyclub㉞of250boys.Ihavealwayslivedmylifetoextremes.Callitunhealthyifyouwant，butthatisthewayIroll，nomatterwhatitisI'mapplyingmyselfto㉟.(11)(10)while连接表示对比关系的并列句。(11)句中ifyouwant为条件状语从句；Iroll为定语从句，修饰先行词way；nomatterwhat引导让步状语从句。Beingaprofessionalathleteisnodifferent㊱.IfyouwanttobeanOlympicchampion㊲，it'sallaboutthatlittleextrathingyouhavedoneinyourpreparationthatwillsetyouapartfrom㊳yourcompetitors.(12)(12)if引导条件状语从句；it's...that强调主语；youhavedoneinyourpreparation为定语从句，修饰先行词thing。Canthisbeoverdone？Absolutely.Butifyourdreamistobethebestandreachthewinner'splatform㊴(13)，youhadbetter㊵betotallycommittedto㊶yoursport.Inthewordsof㊷theBritishtriathleteAlistairBrownlee，evenifitmeansgettinginjured㊸(14)，“I'dpreferto㊹havethreeorfouroutstandingyearsofwinningstuffratherthanhavetenyearsofbeingaverage㊺.”(13)if引导条件状语从句。(14)evenif引导让步状语从句。Doingwhatwedoasathletessetsusapart㊻becausewearewillingtodo㊼thatextralittlebitthatmighttakeustothetop.(15)Itiscertainlynotabalancedway㊽toliveanditiscertainlynotnormal㊾butthosewordsaregenerallynotusedforanyonewhoisstrivingforgreatness㊿(16)．(15)whatwedoasathletes为宾语从句；because引导原因状语从句，其中thatmighttakeustothetop为定语从句，修饰先行词thatextralittlebit。(16)who引导定语从句，修饰先行词anyone。译文参考登上巅峰为什么奥林匹克运动员要将自己逼到极限呢？作为一名奥林匹克运动员，我错过生日聚会，破坏家庭假日，晚上不出去玩，但有一个很好的理由放弃这么多。“我们很担心你，”坐在桌子对面的朋友说。他担心和我一起训练不再是一件愉悦的事情，担心我处于只剩下世界冠军的奖牌而无人可以分享的危险境地。我可能会变得愤怒或戒备。难道他们不知道要成为体育界的领军人物有多难吗？难道他们不知道达到这一目标需要什么吗？然而，在内心深处，我知道他说的有些东西是对的。我总是很累，每次锻炼都精神上高度集中，似乎对大多数人来说都难以承受。我在挑战极限，超越了大多数人认为健康的极限。作为一名职业运动员，我每天都要面对这些恐惧。我这么做是为了谁？多少才算太多呢？我为何这么做？我怎么能这么自私？这些牺牲是为了什么？我想起我错过的无数的生日聚会和深夜外出；毁掉了在法国的家庭假日，因为无休止地寻找一个训练的游泳池；几乎错过我哥哥的婚礼，因为我在约翰内斯堡市中心忙着租车，且开车穿过“禁入”区以便和当地的铁人三项运动员一起进行团体骑行。这样的例子不胜枚举。归根结底，我天生就是个特别有干劲和意志力的人。从小女孩时起，我就常常在午饭时间待在家里，只是为了在功课上领先，而不是出去玩；我在十岁的时候会自己坐公交车，去游泳池游100个来回，而其他的孩子在泳池玩游戏；在一个有250名男生的橄榄球俱乐部里，我是唯一的女生。生活中我一向把事情做到极致。你若说这是一种病态也行，但这就是我的做事风格，不管做什么我都会全力以赴。成为一名职业运动员没有什么不同。如果你想成为奥运冠军，就要在训练中多付出那额外的一点点，它将使你从竞争者中脱颖而出。这样会不会太过了？绝对的。但如果你的梦想是成为最好的，并到达胜利者的平台，你最好是完全致力于你的运动。用英国铁人三项运动员阿利斯特尔·布朗利的话来说，即使意味着受伤，“我宁愿有三到四年出色的获胜经历，也不愿有十年平庸的经历。”作为运动员，我们所做的事情是与众不同的，因为我们愿意多做一点，这可能会让我们达到顶峰。这当然不是一种平衡的生活方式，当然也不正常，但这些话一般不用于任何一个追求伟大的人。速读课文，完成下列任务Ⅰ.阅读判断判断以下句子提供的信息是正确(T)，还是错误(F)。1．Theauthorfeelsitisworthwhilemissingsometimewithfriendsandfamily.()2．Afriendoncethoughttheauthorpushedherselftoohard. ()3．Theauthorsometimesruinedfamilyoccasionsonpurpose. ()4．Asasmallgirl，theauthorenjoyedplayingwithherclassmates. ()5．Theauthorwilltryherbest，evenifitmeansgettinginjured，togettothetop.()[答案]1—5TTFFTⅡ.补全信息选择正确选项填入空白处，补全所给句子提供的信息：A．togetaheadonclassworkB．tobethebestandreachthewinner'splatformC．toshareitwithD．tobeatthetopinsportE．todothatextralittlebitF．tobeanOlympicchampion1．HewasworriedthatIhadnolongerbecomefuntotrainwithandthatIwasindangerofbeingleftwithonlyaworldchampionshipmedalandnoone________．2．Don'ttheyknowhowharditis________？3．Fromasmallgirl，Iwouldstayinatlunchtimejust________ratherthangooutandplay.4．Ifyouwant________，it'sallaboutthatlittleextrathingyouhavedoneinyourpreparationthatwillsetyouapartfromyourcompetitors.5．Butifyourdreamis________，youhadbetterbetotallycommittedtoyoursport.[答案]1—5CDAFB细读课文，完成下列任务Ⅰ.主旨匹配段落主旨大意1.Para.12.Para.23.Para.34.Para.45.Para.56.Para.67.Para.78.Para.8A．Thewriter'sreactions.B．Thewriter'squestions.C．Thethingsthewritermissed.D．Herfriends'worriesaboutthewriter.E.Thetotalcommitmenttoyoursport.F.Thewaytostriveforgreatness.G.Thewriter'sdriveanddetermination.H.Theimportanceofthatlittleextrathing.[答案]1—5DABCG6—8HEFⅡ.课文理解1．Whatmadeherfriendsworriedaboutthewriter?A．Pushingherselftothelimits.B．Missingbirthdayparties.C．Ruiningfamilyholidays.D．Becomingdulltotrainwithher.2．Whatisthewriter'sattitudetoherfriends'worriesinherheart?A．Angry. B．Defensive.C．Objective. D．Favourable.3．Whydidthewritertakeherbrother'sweddingforexample?A．Toproveshemissedcountlessbirthdayparties.B．Toproveshemissedcountlessnightsout.C．Toprovesheoftenruinedfamilyholidays.D．Toproveshehadtofacecountlessfearsinlife.4．WhatshouldyoudoinordertobeanOlympicchampion?A．Stayinatlunchtimejusttogetaheadonclasswork.B．Getthebusonyourownatayoungage.C．Makeyourdreamdifferentfromothercompetitors.D．Dothatextralittlebitthatmakesyououtstanding.[答案]1—4ADCDⅢ.续写素材积累续写素材积累(四)——人物心理活动A．阅读文中含有表示人物心理活动的语句1．Icouldhavebecomeangryordefensive.2．However，deepdownIknewelementsofwhathewassayingwereright.3．WhoamIdoingthisfor?B．判断下列语句中哪个不是表示人物心理活动的1．HewasworriedthatIhadnolongerbecomefuntotrainwithandthatIwasindangerofbeingleftwithonlyaworldchampionshipmedalandnoonetoshareitwith.2．Iwasbornwithanenormousamountofdriveanddetermination.3．Beingaprofessionalathleteisnodifferent.[答案]2、31．influencen．影响；影响力vt.影响；对……起作用→influentialadj.有影响力的→influencern．影响者；有影响力的人2．devotevt.把……奉献给；专心致力于→devotedadj.忠诚的；全心全意的→devotionn．奉献；忠诚；热心3．publishvt.&vi.出版→publishern．出版商→publicationn．出版；发行4．motivatevt.成为……的动机；激发；诱发→motivatingadj.起激励作用的；激发(人)的→motivationn．动机；动力；诱因5．limitvt.&n．限制，限定→limitedadj.有限的6．convincevt.使确信；使信服→convincedadj.相信的，确信的→convincingadj.令人信服的7．defendvt.保护；保卫；为……辩护→defencen．防御；保卫→defensiveadj.戒备的，自卫的8．countn．总数vt.点……的数目，计算→countlessadj.无数的，数不尽的→countern．柜台；计数器9．longadj.长的；冗长的→lengthn．长度→lengthenvt.加长10．normaladj.正常的，平常的→abnormaladj.反常的；不规则的averageadj.平庸的，普通的；平均的n.平均水平；平均数①Anaverageof1，500personspasshereeveryday. n.平均数②Undergroundwaterreservesarebelowaverage. n.平均水平③40hoursisafairlyaverageworkingweekformostpeople. adj.平均的④Averyaveragedirectormadeveryaveragemovies. adj.平庸的，普通的知识要点1devotevt.把……奉献给；专心致力于[例]Agreatpersonissomeonewhodevoteshis/herlifetohelpingothers.伟人是把自己的一生致力于帮助别人的人。[知识拓展](1)devote...to(doing)sth. 把……献给(做)某事devoteoneselfto＝bedevotedto 献身于；专心致力于(2)devotedadj. 忠实的；深爱的(3)devotionn. 奉献；关爱[即学即练]——单句语法填空①Heisdeterminedtodevotehislifetoscience.②Hemarriedwellandhappilyandwasadevoted(devote)fatherandhusband.③Neighborsdevotedtheirsparetimetohelping(help)others.知识要点2limitvt.&n．限制，限定[例]Thereisalimittotheamountofpainwecanbear.我们能忍受的疼痛是有限度的。[知识拓展](1)setalimitto＝putalimiton 限制；对……加以限制tothelimit 达到极点withinlimits 适度地，有限地(2)limitsth.to 限定；把……限制在……limitsb.to(doing)sth. 限制某人做某事(3)limitedadj. 有限的，受限制的belimitedto 局限于[即学即练]——单句语法填空①Thereisalimittoone'slife，butnolimittoserving(serve)thepeople.②Wemustlimittheexpenseto10pounds.③Familiesarelimited(limit)tofourfreeticketseach.知识要点3convincevt.使确信；使信服[例]Herargumentsdidn'tconvinceeveryone，butchangesweremade.她的论点不能说服所有的人，但还是引起了一些变化。[知识拓展](1)convincesb.ofsth. 使某人确信/相信某事convincesb.that... 使某人相信……convincesb.todosth. 说服某人做某事(2)convincingadj. 令人信服的(3)convincedadj. 确信的；坚信的beconvincedof 相信……beconvinced(that)... (某人)相信……[即学即练]——单句语法填空①Whathewassayingintheinterviewwasnotconvincing(convince)．②Iamconvinced(convince)thatyouwillbeequaltothejob.③Youneedtoconvincetheinterviewersofyourdevotionandcommitment.④Sheconvincedhermothertohold(hold)abirthdaypartyathome.知识要点4ruinvt.糟蹋；毁坏[例]Thatonemistakeruinedhischancesofgettingthejob.正是这个错误断送了他得到那份工作的机会。[知识拓展](1)ruinoneself 自取灭亡ruinone'shealth/fame 毁坏某人的健康/名誉(2)inruins 毁坏；严重受损；破败不堪bringsb.toruin 使某人失败；使某人倾家荡产fall/go/comeinto/toruin 毁灭；败落[即学即练]——单句语法填空①Ifyou'readdictedtocomputergames，you'llruinyourself(you)．②Asthebestman，hefailedtoturnup，ruining(ruin)mywedding.③Thehousesontheseawardsideoftheroadwereallinruins(ruin)．知识要点5countlessadj.无数的，数不尽的[例]Sheofferedhimemotionalandpracticalsupportincountlessways.她以数不清的方式给予了他情感上和实质上的支持。[知识拓展]countv. (按顺序)数数；计算(或清点)总数； 把……算入；包括countondoingsth. 期望/指望做某事countonsth./sb. 指望/依靠某事/某人countonsb.todosth. 指望/依靠某人做某事countdown 倒计时；倒数countin 把……算在内；考虑在内[即学即练]——单句语法填空①IfIgotintotrouble，IcouldalwayscountonRose.②Whenthegamegetsstarted，youcancountmein．③Don'tcountonotherpeopletohelp(help)yououtoftrouble.知识要点6applyoneselftosth.努力；专心致志于某事[例]Ifyouapplyyourselftothejob，you'llsoonfinishit.如果你努力干，这工作用不了多久就可以完成。[知识拓展](1)applytosb./sth. 适用于；与……有关apply...to... 把……应用于……beappliedtosth. 应用于某事(2)apply(tosb.)forsth. (向某人)申请某事applytodosth. 申请做某事(3)applicationn. 应用，申请applicantn. 申请者[即学即练]——单句语法填空/一句多译①Asthewageswerehigh，thereweremanyapplicants(apply)forthejob.②YaoMingappliedhimselfcloselytothestudyofEnglishwhenhewasinAmerica.③Inthiswaytheycanbetterapplytheorytopractice.④Youwillpassyourexamsifyouapplyyourselftoyourstudy．＝Youwillpassyourexamsifyouareappliedtoyourstudy．如果你专心学习，就会通过考试。知识要点7setsb./sth.apart使与众不同[例]Herbrightredscarfsetsherapartfromtheothergirls.她那鲜红的围巾使她在姑娘们中间显得特别突出。[知识拓展]take...apart 把……拆开setsb.apartfrom 使某人从……中脱颖而出tell...apart 把……区别开来fallapart 崩溃；土崩瓦解apartfrom... 除……之外[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子①Apartfromtheconstructionmentionedabove，youhavealsolearnedthefollowingphrases.②Let'stakethemachineapartandseewhat'swrongwithit.咱们把机器拆开看看有什么毛病。③TheyaresomuchalikethatIcan'ttellthemapart．他们那么像以至于我很难把他们区分开。知识要点8averageadj.平庸的，普通的；平均的n.平均水平；平均数[例]Thegreenhouseeffectgivestheearth'ssurfacetheaveragetemperatureof15℃.温室效应使得地球表面的平均温度是15摄氏度。[知识拓展](1)on(the)average 平均来看above(the)average 高于平均水平below(the)average 低于平均水平(2)anaverageof... 平均有……(后跟数词)theaverageof... ……的平均数[即学即练]——单句语法填空①Onaverage，boyslikeplayingfootballbetterthangirls.②Heisworkinghardandhisgradesareabovetheaverageinhisclass.③Theaverageof3，8and10is(be)7.④Anaverageoftenstudentshaven'tpassedtheexamineachclass.[名师点津]“theaverageof...”作主语，谓语动词用单数；而“anaverageof＋复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数。重点句式1while表转折(教材P36)Iwouldgetthebusonmyownattenyearsoldandgotoswim100lengthsofthepoolwhileotherkidsplayedpoolgames.我在十岁的时候会自己坐公交车，去游泳池游100个来回，而其他的孩子在泳池玩游戏。[句式分析]本句中while是转折连词，表示“然而；而”。[例1]There'replentyofraininthesoutheast，whilethere'slittleinthenorthwest.东南部雨量充足，而西北部则很少下雨。[例2]WhileTom'sverygoodatscience，hisbrotherisabsolutelyhopeless.汤姆很擅长理科，而他的兄弟绝对是不可救药。[知识拓展]while除了表示转折，还有以下用法：(1)while意为“当……时候”，指一段时间，不能用来表示一个时间点。(2)while意为“虽然；尽管”，表示让步。(3)while意为“只要”，表示条件。[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子①WhileIadmithisgoodpoints，Icanseehisshortcomings.②Wecansurelyovercomethesedifficultieswhilewearecloselyunited.③WhileIwaswaitingatthebusstop，threebuseswentbyintheoppositedirection.我在公共汽车站等车时，对向驶过了三辆公共汽车。重点句式2强调句型(教材P37)IfyouwanttobeanOlympicchampion，it'sallaboutthatlittleextrathingyouhavedoneinyourpreparationthatwillsetyouapartfromyourcompetitors.如果你想成为奥运冠军，就要在训练中多付出那额外的一点点，它将使你从竞争者中脱颖而出。[句式分析]本句为强调句型，强调主句的主语。[例1]ItwasonMondaynightthatallthishappened.所有这一切发生在周一晚上。[例2]ItisonlywhenthediseasehasprogressedtoAIDSthatapersonbeginstolooksick.只有当这种病毒发展成艾滋病时，人才会显出病态。[知识拓展](1)强调句型的一般陈述句结构为：It＋be＋被强调部分＋that/who...(2)强调句型的一般疑问句结构为：Is/Wasit＋被强调部分＋who/that...?(3)强调句型的特殊疑问句结构为：疑问词＋is/wasitthat...？(强调句型的特殊疑问句只能强调疑问词。)(4)not...until...的强调句式：It＋be＋not...until＋被强调部分＋that...[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子①Itwasbecausewewerelatethatcausedhimtoservedinneranhourlaterthanusual.②Howwasitthattheydiscoveredtheentrancetotheundergroundpalace?③Itwasinthesmallhousewhichwasbuiltwithstonesbyhisfatherthathespenthischildhood.他是在一个他父亲用石头建成的小房子里度过他的童年的。[名师点津]判断强调句型的方法将表示强调结构的it's和that去掉，如果句子仍然完整，则是强调句型，否则就不是。1．HewasworriedthatIhadnolongerbecomefuntotrainwithandthatIwasindangerofbeingleftwithonlyaworldchampionshipmedalandnoonetoshareitwith.[分析]句中Hewasworried后是and连接两个that引导的宾语从句，动名词短语beingleftwithonlyaworldchampionshipmedal作indangerof的宾语。[翻译]他担心和我一起训练不再是一件愉悦的事情，担心我处于只剩下世界冠军的奖牌而无人可以分享的危险境地。2．IthinkofcountlessbirthdaypartiesandnightsoutIhavemissed，ruiningafamilyholidayinFrancebecauseoftheendlesssearchforaswimmingpooltotrainin，almostmissingmybrother'sweddingbecauseIwastoobusyhiringacarindowntownJohannesburganddrivingthroughthe“no-go”areasinordertodoagroupridewiththelocaltriathletes.[分析]句中Ihavemissed为省略了关系代词that的定语从句，修饰先行词birthdaypartiesandnightsout；because引导原因状语从句，inordertodoagroupridewiththelocaltriathletes为目的状语。[翻译]我想起我错过的无数的生日聚会和深夜外出；毁掉了在法国的家庭假日，因为无休止地寻找一个训练的游泳池；几乎错过我哥哥的婚礼，因为我在约翰内斯堡市中心忙着租车，且开车穿过“禁入”区以便和当地的铁人三项运动员一起进行团体骑行。3．Doingwhatwedoasathletessetsusapartbecausewearewillingtodothatextralittlebitthatmighttakeustothetop.[分析]句中的whatwedo是宾语从句，作doing的宾语；because引导原因状语从句；thatmighttakeustothetop是that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词thatextralittlebit。[翻译]作为运动员，我们所做的事情是与众不同的，因为我们愿意多做一点，这可能会让我们达到顶峰。教材高考1....suchasmakingto-dolistsandlimitingtimeonsocialnetworkingandotherdistractions.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)．..soseriouslythatsomelaborunionsrecentlystuckadealwithagroupofcompanieslimitingthenumberofhoursthatindependentcontractorscanbeoncall.2.Mm，you'veconvincedmetoreadthisbook！(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Hesaysit'snoteasytoconvincepeoplethatnutriafurisgreen，buthehasnodoubtaboutit.3.AsoneoftheOlympicathletes，Imissbirthdayparties，ruinfamilyholidaysandskipnightsout，butthereisaverygoodreasonforgivingupsomuch.(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Whohasn'treceivedanemailsoannoyingthatitruinedanentireday？4.IthinkofcountlessbirthdaypartiesandnightsoutIhavemissed，...(2020·北京卷)Overtime，thebagsfallapartintocountlesstinypieces，andfishcanaccidentallyeatsomeofthem.5.I'dprefertohavethreeorfouroutstandingyearsofwinningstuffthanhavingtenyearsofbeingaverage.(2021·浙江卷)Today'schildrenspendanaverageoffourandahalfhoursadaylookingatscreens，splitbetweenwatchingtelevisionandusingtheInternet.Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Itwastheboywhohadbeeninprisonthatstolethemoney.2．Thetroubleisthattheserestrictionshaveremainedwhileotherthingshavechanged.3．Ihavetwentynovelsandcountless(count)magazinestoriestomycredit.4．Thetownwallswerebuiltasadefence(defend)againstenemyattacks.5．Hewasconvinced(convince)thatdoctorsanddentistsknewbest.6．Theexpensesshouldbelimitedtowhatyoucanreallyafford.7．Allhissparetimehasbeendevotedtolearning(learn)Englishovertheradio.8．Faulkshasappliedhimself(him)tothistaskwithconsiderableenergy.9．Thiswillsetyouapartandgainyouimmediaterespectandcredibility.10．Onaverage，aplatypuseatsasmuchfoodashalfofitsownweighteveryday.Ⅱ.短语填空applyoneselfto；apartfrom；stayin；boildownto；devote...to；onaverage1．IstayedinandlookedthroughTom'soldstuff.2．Heapplies/appliedhimselftothetaskwithdiligence.3．Onaverageeachreportrequirestwomonthstoprepare.4．Ihavepersonallybeendevotedtothiscauseformanyyears.5．Theadvicewegavehimboileddowntothis：heshouldtakecareofhishealth.6．Apartfromsomespellingmistakes，thecompositionisfairlygood.Ⅲ.课文语法填空AsanOlympicathlete，Imissbirthdayparties，ruinfamilyholidaysandskipnightsout.MyfriendwasworriedthatIhadnolongerbecomefun1.totrain(train)withandthatIwasindangerof2.beingleft(leave)withonlyaworldchampionshipmedalandnoonetoshareitwith.DeepdownIknew3.elements(element)ofwhathewassayingwereright.Iwaspushingthelimitsandextremesbeyondwhatmostthoughtwerehealthy.ThisisbecauseI4.wasborn(bear)withanenormousamountofdriveand5.determination(determine)．Beingaprofessionalathleteisnodifferent.Ifyouwanttobe6.anOlympicchampion，it'sallaboutthatlittleextrathingyouhavedoneinyourpreparationthatwillsetyouapart7.fromyourcompetitors.Doing8.whatwedoasathletessetsusapartbecausewearewillingtodothatextralittlebitthatmighttakeustothetop.Itiscertainlynota9.balanced(balance)waytoliveanditiscertainlynotnormalbutthosewordsare10.generally(general)notusedforanyonewhoisstrivingforgreatness.冠词[观察例句]1．We'veboughtanewwashingmachine.2．Isawagirlclimbingupthemountain.Shewascarryingaheavybackpack.3．Thecarisdirty.4．Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.5．Thecomputeristhemostimportantinventionofthe20thcentury.6．Ifindsnakesfascinating.[归纳用法]1．单数可数名词前，泛指某人、某事。当把该人或该事作为一组、一类的例子时，经常用不定冠词a/an。2．第一次提及某事时用不定冠词a/an。3．别人知道我们谈论的是哪个人、哪件事，并能很容易判定该人、该事时，用定冠词the。4．世界上独一无二的事物前，用定冠词the。5．与单数名词连用表示整个种类，用定冠词the。6．表示泛指的复数名词和不可数名词前，不用冠词。一、不定冠词1．表示数量“一”，相当于“one”。I'llreturninadayortwo.2．表示“同一”，相当于“thesame”。Thechildrenareofanage.3．表示泛指或类指，指人或事物的某一个或某一类。Hewantstobeadoctor.Adogisafaithfulanimal.4．用于首次提到的单数可数名词前。YesterdayIboughtanovel.Itcostme30yuan.5．用于一些表示重量、长度、时间等的单位前，表示“每一”。Wehavemealsthreetimesaday.6．用于专有名词前表示类似的一个或某一个，相当于“acertain”。AMr.Liisaskingtoseeyou.7．与某些物质名词或抽象名词连用，表示“一种/一类/一份/一场/一阵/……”。Therewasaheavyrainyesterday.Hegaveusabigsurprise.8．用于序数词前表示“又一，再一”。Hewantedtotryasecondtime.9．表示季节、月份、日期、三餐的名词前有修饰语时，前面可用不定冠词。Wehaveawarmwinterthisyear.ThiseveningIhadabigsupper.10．用在某些固定词组中。haveaswim allofasuddenonceinawhile asaresult(of)inahurry asawholeatatime二、定冠词1．用于上文提到过的人或事物前。Ihaveboughtabook.Thebookisveryuseful.2．用于说话人与听话人都知道的人或事物前。Closethewindow，please.3．用于表示世界上独一无二的事物前，如：thesun。4．用于表示方位的名词之前，如：intheeast。5．用于序数词或形容词的最高级前，如：thefirst，themostinteresting。6．用于“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”中，表示“越……越……”。Themore，thebetter.7．用于表示两者相比“较……的那个人或物”的比较级形式前。Ofthetwostudents，Maryisthecleverer.8．用于形容词之前，使其名词化，表示一类人，如：theold，thepoor，thedead。9．用于由普通名词构成的专有名词(如国名、组织机构、建筑物、报纸、会议、条约等的名称)前，如：theGreatWall，theUnitedStates等。10．用于江河、海洋、海峡、山脉、群岛等名词前，如：theWestLake。11．用于复数姓氏前，表示“夫妇”或“全家”，如：theWhites。12．用于作为课程或演奏等的西洋乐器名词前，如：playthepiano，playtheviolin。13．用于表示度量单位的名词前，如：bytheday。14．用于年代、朝代、时代名词前，如：inthe1970s。15．用于某些固定词组中，如：allthetime，attheageof，intheend，bytheway，intheformof等。三、零冠词1．不含普通名词的专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词、人名、地名等名词前，一般不加冠词，如：China，America。2．可数名词前有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等限制时，不加冠词。Einstein'stheoryprovedtobecorrectandsoonhebecameworldfamous.3．季节、月份、星期、节日、假日、一日三餐名称前一般不加冠词，如：inMarch，onSunday，havesupper。4．称呼语前不加冠词。WhatshallIdonext，mother?5．表示独一无二的头衔、职务名词作表语、同位语或补足语时，一般不加冠词。6．学科名称、球类、棋类名称前不加冠词。7．复数名词表示泛指一类人或事物时，其前不加冠词。8．在与by连用的交通工具名称前不加冠词。9．连系动词turn后的表语是单数可数名词前不加冠词。Theyoungworkerhasturnedwriter.10．as引导让步状语从句时须倒装，though可以倒装也可以不倒装，其表语(单数可数名词)置于句首时不加冠词。Childasheis，heknowsalot.11．某些固定词组中不加冠词，如：husbandandwife，arminarm。注意下列词组的区别：gotoschool去上学goto/beatchurch去做礼拜/在做礼拜gotobed就寝，上床睡觉gotosea出海beinhospital在住院beinprison在坐牢infrontof在……sitattable吃饭byday在白天inpossessionof拥有insightof能看见，看得见[名师点津]由于受到汉语的干扰，冠词错用或遗漏是我们中国学生在写作中常见的错误类型之一。存在的误区有以下几种：1．对抽象名词具体化的应用判断失误(误)TheSpringFestivaleveningpartywassuccess.(正)TheSpringFestivaleveningpartywasasuccess.2．冠词在一些固定结构中的误用误误3．冠词表示类别和不用冠词时的易错点(误)InmanyplacesofChina，abicycleisstillthepopularmeansoftransportation.(正)InmanyplacesofChina，thebicycleisstillapopularmeansoftransportation.Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Ofthenineteenrecognizedpolarbearsubpopulations，threearedeclining，sixarestable，oneisincreasing，andninelackenoughdata.2．Whenwegotacallsayingshewasshort-listed，wethoughtitwasajoke.3．Everybodywearsthesamestyleofclothes.Uniformscanbeusefulinunexpectedways.4．Asaresult，peoplewilleatmorefoodtotrytomakeupforthatsomethingmissing.5．Cornproductionhasjumpednearly125percentoverthepast25years，whilericehasincreasedonly7percent.6．Eachofmycafeswillhaveadifferentthemeandauniquestyle.7．Duringmylastwinterholiday，Iwenttothecountrysidewithmyfathertovisitmygrandparents.8．Inthesummerholidayfollowingmyeighteenthbirthday，Itookdrivinglessons.Istillrememberhowhardthefirstdaywas.9．Theylivefarfromtheschool，andittakesthemaboutanhourandahalftogotoworkeveryday.10．Ifwestayathome，itiscomfortableandth