押湖南卷第28-31题 说明文阅读（解析版）-备战2024年中考英语临考题号押题

押湖南卷第28-31题阅读理解之说明文阅读【题型概述】说明文是对客观事物的性状、特点、功能和用途等作科学解说的。它既不像记叙文那样重在情节的叙述和描写，也不像议论文那样，重在阐明主张和论点论据；说明文是通过解说事物、阐明事理，说明文是中考英语阅读理解题中的重点，难点之一。说明文具有与自己特点相适应的说明方法，因此说明文结构复杂，专业术语多，易于拉开考生分数档次，对于考生来说说明文抽象度高，解题难度大。因此考生要掌握说明文的命题特点，叙述方式，以冷静的心态阅读原文，重点突破长句结构特点和逻辑关系，以便对其做出准确的语意理解。【阅读策略】二、出题特点1.

生词词义判断题；2.

标题判断题；3.

主旨大意题；4.

文章结构题；5.

观点态度题。三、阅读方法阅读说明文的关键：抓住事物的特点，即抓住说明对象的本质特征。1.

明确说明对象。阅读事物说明文，首先从整体入手，把握文章的说明对象是什么；阅读事理说明文，首先弄清文章说明了什么事理。可以通过把握段落主题句来明确说明对象。2.

逐段概括要点，理清说明顺序。概括要点要重视首尾句的作用，重视概念句或解说性语句的作用。阅读时可以把这些语句勾画出来。3.

整体感知，把握中心。分析文章段落之间是并列、递进还是总分关系；是由现象到本质，还是由个别到一般，或是从结果到原因。最后总结出文章的中心思想。四、解题技巧1.

阅读做标记。在阅读的时候可给段落标上序号，并给重要的句子和关键词汇做上记号，尤其是各段中心句，为答题提供更快捷、更多的信息。2.

审清题干。发掘和把握试题中有效的提示性信息，确认命题的角度、阅读范围和答题方式。3.

定位阅读,强化对应意识。绝大部分的说明文阅读题都有一个共性，那就是答案基本上都能直接和间接从选段中找到依据。回答问题时要注意原文利用和自我加工相结合。PassageA（2023湖南长沙卷）AnyonewhohasseenTheSoundofMusic,theOscar-winningmovie,knowsthefamouscityofSalzburginAustria.Themusicalmoviewasfilmedinandaroundthecity.Toenjoytheamazing(令人惊叹的)city,youonlyhavetowalkthroughthealleys(小巷).ThesoundsofmusicinSalzburgarenotjustfromthefamousfilm.Mozart,oneofthegreatestmusicians,wasbornhere,andthecityisproudofhim.You’llhearMozart’smusicalloverthecity.AndyoucanvisitMozart’sbirthplace,learnabouthischildhoodandeventrythechocolatenamedforhim:aMozartball!Don’tmissvisitingtheSalzburgResidenz,whichwastherulers’palaceinthepast.ItwasherethatMozartperformed(表演)forthefirsttimeinhislife.AvisittoSalzburginDecembermustincludetimeintheChristmasmarkets,whichcanbefoundhereandthere.Visitthemarketplacesforahotdrink.Thenenjoythebeautifulhandiworkforsale.SaltwassoimportanttothecityofSalzburgthatthecitywasnamedforit.This“whitegold”broughtwealthtotherulers.YoucanvisittheHalleinSaltMine(矿),oneoftheoldestintheworld.Takeatrainrideintothemountain,whereminerswillexplaintheminingprocess(过程).Thenenjoyaboatrideacrossanundergroundlake.ThesearejustafewoftheenjoyableplacesinthissmallAustriancity.Therearemuchmorewaitingforyoutoexplore.Makesuretoplanatriptothisbreathtakingcity.Itshistoryandculturewillexciteyoursenses.26.WhatdoweknowaboutTheSoundofMusic?A.ItwasfilmedbyMozart.B.ItisanOscar-winningmovie.C.ItisamovieofSalzburg’schocolate.27.WheredidMozartperformforthefirsttimeinhislife?A.InaChristmasmarket.B.AttheHalleinSaltMine.C.AttheSalzburgResidenz.28.Whatisthe“whitegold”inParagraph4?A.Salt. B.Music. C.Ahotdrink.29.Whichofthefollowingdoesthewriteragreewith?A.Salzburgistoosmalltovisit.B.Salzburgisaplaceworthvisiting.C.ThereisnothinginterestinginSalzburg.30.Whatsection(部分)ofamagazineisthetexttakenfrom?A.Travel. B.Sports. C.Science.【答案】26.B27.C28.A29.B30.A【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍奥地利著名的城市萨尔茨堡。【26题详解】细节理解题。根据“AnyonewhohasseenTheSoundofMusic,theOscar-winningmovie,knowsthefamouscityofSalzburginAustria.”可知，《音乐之声》是奥斯卡获奖影片。故选B。【27题详解】细节理解题。根据“Don’tmissvisitingtheSalzburgResidenz,whichwastherulers’palaceinthepast.ItwasherethatMozartperformed(表演)forthefirsttimeinhislife.”可知，莫扎特一生中第一次演出在萨尔茨堡公馆。故选C。【28题详解】词句猜测题。分析“SaltwassoimportanttothecityofSalzburgthatthecitywasnamedforit.This‘whitegold’broughtwealthtotherulers.”可知，盐对萨尔茨堡非常重要，因此这座城市以盐命名。“whitegold”指的是盐，故选A。【29题详解】推理判断题。根据“Makesuretoplanatriptothisbreathtakingcity.Itshistoryandculturewillexciteyoursenses.”可知，一定要计划一次去这座令人惊叹的城市的旅行，它的历史和文化会激发你的感官。由此推知萨尔茨堡是一个值得参观的地方。故选B。【30题详解】推理判断题。本文介绍奥地利著名的城市萨尔茨堡，所以推测可能在旅游版块看到这篇文章，故选A。PassageB（2022湖南永州卷）Haveyouevernoticedplasticwasteeverywhereinyourcommunity?Dr.AboubacarKampohas.HewaslivinginCôted’Ivoire,acountryonthecoastofWestAfrica,whereplasticisabigenvironmentalproblem,comparedwithwaterandairpollution.Côted’Ivoire’sbiggestcity,Abidjan,producesmorethan300tonsofplasticrubbishaday,andonlyabout5%isrecycled.“Howcanweturnplasticintosomethinguseful?”Kampowondered.SoKampo，whoworksforUNICEF,theUnitedNationsChildren’sFund,googled,researched,andthennoticedacompanyinColombia,acountryinSouthAmerica.Plasticpollutionisaproblemthere,too.ConceptosPlásticos,theColombiancompanythatKamporeadaboutonline,recyclesplasticwasteandturnsitintobig,Lego-likebricks（砖）forbuildingschoolsandhouses.Next,KampowenttoColombiatolearnaboutthecompanyinperson.Hetouredschoolsthatwerebuiltwithitsbricksandthefactorywherethebricksweremade.“ConceptosPlásticosgaveusasolution.”Kamposaid.Hethoughtitcouldhelpwithmorethanjusttheplasticproblem.Itcouldalsoimprovechildren’seducation.AccordingtoUNICEF,1.6millionchildreninCôted’Ivoiredon’tgotoschool.Onereasonisthattherearen’tenoughclassrooms.Forkidswhodogotoschool,classroomsareoftenverycrowded.Kidsoftensitonthefloorandcan’tstandupbecausethereisn’troomtomovearound.In2018,UNICEFbuiltitsfirstclassroomsinAbidjan,usingbricksproducedinColombiabyConceptosPlásticos.Rightaway,thelocaleducationimprovedalot.Peoplecouldn’tbelieveitatthebeginning,thattheclassroomsweremadeofplastic.Butnowalltheparentswanttheirchildrenintheseclassrooms.Bytheendof2021UNICEFhadbuilt528classroomsinCôted’Ivoire.ThenewConceptosPlásticosfactoryinAbidjanwillsoonbeproducingbricksfromrubbishcollectedinchildren’splaygroundsandonthebeach.Theenvironmentalinfluenceishuge.Kamposaysittakesaboutfiveandahalftonsofplasticandjustafewweekstobuildaclassroom.Unliketraditionalbuilding,nocement（水泥）isneeded.“It’sjustahammer（锤子）andthosebricks.”headded.16.WhatisthemainproblemCôted’Ivoirefaces?A.Plasticpollution. B.Waterpollution. C.Airpollution.17.WhatcanwelearnaboutConceptosPlásticos?A.It’sacompanyinWestAfrica.B.Itrecyclesplasticwasteonline.C.ItoffersbricksforbuildingtheclassroomsinAbidjan.18.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheparentsabouttheirkids’futureinParagraph5?A.Doubtful. B.Excited. C.Surprised.19.Howmanytonsofplasticareneededtobuildaclassroom?A.About5.5tons. B.Onlyabout15tons. C.Morethan300tons.20.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.BuildingGreenB.AnintroductiontoKampoC.Côted’Ivoire’sEnvironmentalProblem【答案】16.A17.C18.B19.A20.A【导语】本文主要介绍了哥伦比亚公司ConceptosPlasticos回收塑料垃圾并将其制成砖块，用于建造学校和房屋的故事。【16题详解】细节理解题。根据"HewaslivinginCoted'Ivoire,acountryonthecoastofWestAfrica,whereplasticisabigenvironmentalproblem,comparedwithwaterandairpollution."可知CotedTvoire主要面对的是塑料污染，故选A。【17题详解】细节理解题。根据"In2018,UNICEFbuiltitsfirstclassroomsinAbidjan,usingbricksproducedinColombiabyConceptosPlasticos.”可知它为在Abidjan建造教室提供砖块。故选C。【18题详解】推理判断题。根据""Peoplecouldn'tbelieveitatthebeginning,thattheclassroomsweremadeofplastic.Butnowalltheparentswanttheirchildrenintheseclassrooms.”(一开始人们不敢相信教室是用塑料做的。但是现在所有的父母都希望他们的孩子在这些教室里。〉可知父母对孩子的未来很激动，期待他们都在这样的教室里，故选B。【19题详解】细节理解题。根据“"Kamposaysittakesaboutfiveandahalftonsofplasticandjustafewweekstobuildaclassroom.”可知建造一间教室需要5.5吨塑料，故选A。【20题详解】最佳标题题。根据全文可知，本文主要介绍了哥伦比亚公司ConceptosPlasticos回收塑料垃圾并将其制成砖块，用于建造学校和房屋的故事，所以A选项最符合，故选A。一、主旨题文章段落的首句和末句，一般表达文章的主题和段落的中心思想，其他句子只起补充、说明、解释或引申的作用。因此，首先要搜索目标，找出文章及段落中的主题句，了解了它们的含义，就可以顺着提供的主要线索去捕捉文章的相关信息，从而获得解决问题的答案。最有效的办法是找出主题句。主题句一般具有三个特点：（1）表述的意思通常是总结性的；（2）句子结构较简单，多数都不采用长、难句的形式；（3）段落中其他的句子必定是用来解释、支撑或发展主题句所表述的主题思想的。二、

推断题推理是在既有信息的基础上得出合乎文章内容的内涵意义，即某一问题、某一观点没有直接表述，而寓意在文章的字里行间，要求通过文中信息分析推出某种符合作者思想、符合文章逻辑的内涵意义。推断则是指通过对文章进行符合逻辑的综合分析，推出文章未直接陈述的言外之意。推断题推断得正确与否，很大程度上取决于是否能正确把握作者潜隐在字里行间的语气及观点。（1）事实推断。这种推断常常针对某一个或几个具体细节，是比较简单的推断。进行这种推断，要首先在文章中找出据以推断的有关文字，然后加以分析，尤其要悟出字里行间的意思。（2）指代推断。确定指代词的含义和指代对象是阅读理解题常见的题目。要确定指代词所指代的对象，关键在于对上下文的正确理解。指代名词的指代词，其单复数形式应与被指代的词一致，因此数的形式可作为识别指代对象的第一个辅助标志。（3）逻辑推断。这类题目往往是要求根据文章所提供的背景、人物的表情、动作和语言来推断出人物的态度或感受。（4）对作者的意图和态度的推断。这一类考题大都要求学生就作者对论述对象持什么样的态度做出推断，如作者对所陈述的观点是赞同、反对，还是犹豫不定，对记述或描写的人、物或事件是赞颂、同情、冷漠，还是厌恶。作者的这种思想倾向和感情色彩不一定直接表述出来，而往往隐含在字里行间。因此，进行这种推断时，我们既要依靠短文的主题思想作为推力的前提，又要注意作者的措辞，尤其是形容词一类的修饰语。总之，只要平时善于积累，并熟练运用上述解题技巧，初中阅读理解题就将不再是难题。三、

猜测词义题阅读短文时，常常会遇到一些生词。这时，考生要沉着、冷静，细心思考。首先要把整段、整篇文章看完。通过对全篇短文的理解，就有可能猜测出生词的大意。另外，还可以从含有生词句子的上下文，以及句子和段落之间的关系来判断、理解生词以求获得其真正含义。猜测生词的另一种方法是，根据构词法推测。遇到生词后，可从构词法角度分析判断生词。例如：

inexpensive一词，其中词根expensive的含义是“贵的”。前缀in是“不”的意思，因此可以猜测此词词义为“不贵的，便宜的”。总之，猜词题可以用到以下技巧（1）.

根据文中的解释（2）.

使用逗号、破折号和括号等（3）.

根据同位语或根据同等关系（4）.

根据语义的转折关系（5）.

根据因果关系（6）.

根据构词法知识（7）.

根据常识，上下文逻辑PassageAAccordingtoarecentstudy,theMiddleEastiswarmingalmosttwiceasfastastherestoftheworld.Withoutadoubt,hightemperatureswillhavedeepinfluencesonthedevelopmentofthearea.Thatshowsthegrowingrisktohumanscausedbyextreme(极端的)weather.Withmoreandmoreextremeweatherevents.wemustfindbettertechniques(技术)tomakepredictionsaboutthemandmitigatetheirinfluences.AIisapowerfultool.Itcandealwithinformationandprovideadvicetohelpusbetterunderstandandmakepredictionsabouttheweather.Traditionalweathermodelsuseinformationfromsatellites(卫星).Butthesemodelshavetheirdisadvantages:theyarenotveryexact.Theyalsofailtodiscovercomplex(复杂的）conditionsoftheairaroundtheearth.AIcanovercomethesedisadvantagesbyusingthetechnologyofdeeplearning.Itcanlearnfromhistoricalandreal-timeinformationandproducetrustfulpredictions.AIcanalsodealwithinformationfromdifferentplaces,suchassatellitephotosoronlineposts,toprovideclearerpicturesoftheweathersituation.ApaperonthePangu-WeatherAImodelhasdrawnalotofattention.Pangu-WeatheristhefirstAIpredictionmodelthatismoreexactthantraditionalweatherpredictionmethods.Thismodelcanincreasethepredictionspeedby10,000times,makingglobalweatherpredictiontimedroptoseconds.InMay2023,Typhoon(台风)MawarappearedinthePacificOcean.AccordingtotheChinaMeteorologicalAdministration,Pangu-WeathermadeexactpredictionsaboutthedirectionofMawarfivedaysbeforeitchangeditswayintheeasternwatersoftheislandsofTaiwan.28.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“mitigate”probablymeaninChinese?A.利用 B.减轻 C.承担29.WhatdoesParagraph4mainlytalkabout?A.Thedifficultyinmakingweatherprediction.B.TheadvantagesofAIinweatherprediction.C.Thedisadvantagesoftraditionalweatherpredictionmethods.30.WhyisTyphoonMawarmentioned?A.ToshowhowexactPangu-Weather'spredictionsare.B.Toexpressthattheproblemsofextremeweatherhavebeensolvedcompletely.C.Totalkabouthowuselesstraditionalweathermodelsare.31.Wherecanyouprobablyreadthepassage?A.Inatravelmagazine.B.Inahealthmagazine.C.Inasciencemagazine.【答案】随着极端天气事件越来越多，我们必须找到更好的技术来对天气进行预测。人工智能技术可以帮助我们更高效、更准确地预测天气情况。1.B词义猜测题。根据第二段第一句可知，极端天气对人类造成的风险越来越大。根据画线词前的“wemustfindbettertechniquestomakepredictionsaboutthem”可知，我们必须找到更好的技术来对极端天气进行预测。再结合常识和选项可知，对极端天气进行预测是为了减轻极端天气带来的影响，故推断mitigate意为“减轻”。3.B段落大意题。通读第四段可知，本段主要介绍了人工智能在天气预测方面是如何克服传统天气模型的缺点的，即人工智能在天气预测方面的优点。4.A推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Pangu-WeatheristhefirstAIpredictionmodelthatismoreexactthantraditionalweatherpredictionmethods.”可知，盘古气象是首个比传统的天气预测方法更加准确的人工智能预测模型。再结合最后一段中的“Pangu-WeathermadeexactpredictionsaboutthedirectionofMawarfivedaysbeforeitchangeditsway”可推知，提到台风Mawar是为了表明盘古气象预测的准确性。5.C推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文提到了人工智能在预测极端天气方面的能力与优点，所以我们最有可能在一本科学杂志上读到本文。PassageBAvolunteergroupFree-GoinGeneva,Switzerlandismakingfridgesavailablesoshopsandrestaurantscanmakefoodavailabletothepublicbeforeitgoesbad.Thefridgesarebeingplacedalongstreetsforanyonetouse.TheprojectispartofacontinuingeffortbypeopleinSwitzerlandtocutdownonfoodwaste.Free-GohasputfridgesinSwitzerlandsopeoplecangetfruit,vegetables,breadandotherfoodsatnocost.Free-GostartedayearagowithasinglefridgeoutsideacommunitycenterinwesternGeneva.Therearenowfourfridgesaroundthecity.Thegroupplansafifthbeforetheendofthisyear.MarineDelevauxistheproject'sdirector.Shesaidthefoodinitsfridgesisusuallytakenwithinanhourofbeingleft.“Generally,whenthefoodcollectedfromshopsandrestaurantsarrivesinthemorning,peoplearealreadywaitingtohelpthemselves."Delevauxsaid.SheaddedthatthefirstGenevafridgehelpedsave3.2tonsoffoodfromgoingtowastelastyear.Ofthefooddonated(捐赠)，onlyabout3%hadtobethrownawaybecausenobodywantedit.Free-Gosaidtherestaurantsorfoodsellersmustpromisetomakesurethedonatedfoodissafetoeat.ShalaMoradihaslivedinGenevafor10years.Sheis65yearsoldandcamefromIran.Shesaidsheappreciatestheproject."It'sverygood.Icantakemeat,cabbages,strawberriesandthingslikethat,”shesaid.“Ithelpsmegetthroughhardtimesandmakesmefeelwarminmyheart.”SeverineCuendetisa54-year-oldteacher.Shealwaysleavessomevegetablesthatshegrows.“Wehavetoomuch,”shesaid.Shealsopraisedtheproject,"Thisneighborhoodhasalotofneed.”Sheadded."Andithappenstoallofustobuytoomuch.”28.Whatcanthefridgesonthestreetshelpdo?A.Savemoneyonstoringfood.B.Reducethewasteoffood.C.Preventfoodfromgoingbad.29.HowmanymorefridgeswillbeputinGenevabytheendofthisyear?A.One. B.Three. C.Four.30.Theunderlinedword“appreciates”inParagraph5means“____”A.敬畏 B.熟悉 C.感激 31.Whatcanweknowfromthepassage?A.SeverineCuendetisahelpfulperson.B.ShalaMoradiistheproject'sdirector.C.TheGenevafridgeshavehelpedsave3.2tonsoffoodfornow.【答案】公共冰箱出现在瑞士街头，这是瑞士日内瓦的一个志愿者组织Free-Go设立的项目。公共冰箱中的食物可供任何人免费获取。这个项目旨在帮助人们减少食物浪费。28.B细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“TheprojectispartofacontinuingeffortbypeopleinSwitzerlandtocutdownonfoodwaste.”可知，该项目是瑞士人民为减少食物浪费而做出的持续努力的一部分。由此可知，街上的冰箱可以帮助减少食物浪费。29.A细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句“Therearenowfourfridgesaroundthecity.Thegroupplansafifthbeforetheendofthisyear.”可知，现在城市里有四台冰箱。该组织计划在今年年底前安装第五台。由此可知，截至今年年底，日内瓦还要再安装一台冰箱。30.C词义猜测题。根据倒数第二段中ShalaMoradi说的话“It'sverygood.Icantakemeat,cabbages,strawberriesandthingslikethat"和“Ithelpsmegetthroughhardtimesandmakesmefeelwarminmyheart.”可知，ShalaMoradi认为这个项目非常好，她可以拿肉类、卷心菜和草莓之类的食物，这帮助她度过了困难时期，让她心里感觉非常温暖。由此可推知，画线词所在句应是ShalaMoradi表达对该项目的感激之情，故推测画线词意为“感激”。31.A推理判断题。根据最后一段前两句"SeverineCuendet...alwaysleavessomevegetablesthatshegrows.”可知，SeverineCuendet经常把她种的一些蔬菜放在公共冰箱里。由此可推知，她是一个乐于助人的人。PassageCYoumaythinkthebestwaytosolveadifficultproblemistokeepworkingonit，evenovernight.Butthetruthisjusttheopposite：Yourbestchancetogettothebottomofaproblemisactuallytosleeponit.AteamofresearchersatNorthwesternUniversity，US，didastudyandfoundthatsleepingisusefulinbothstrengthening（强化）（重组）memory.Thiscanhelpyousolveproblems.Theresearchersdidanexperimentwith57students.Theyaskedthemtosolve42difficultpuzzles（谜题）onthefirstday.Thestudentsworkedoneachpuzzlewhilelisteningtodifferentmusic.Theresearchencouragedstudentstorememberthemusictheyheardwhilesolvingthepuzzles.Bytheend，thereweresixpuzzlesthatthestudentsstillhadn'tsolved.Thestudentsthenwentbackhometosleep.Theyweregivenspecialsleep—monitoring（睡眠监测）andmusicdevices（设备）.Thedevicesplayedmusicconnectedwiththeunsolvedpuzzleswhilethestudentswereintheslow—wavesleepperiod.Thisperiodiswhenpeoplearelikelytodreamandre—organizetheirmemories.Thenextmorning，thestudentstriedtheunsolvedpuzzlesagain.Researchersfoundtheywere55%morelikelytosolvethem.Themusicactivatedthememoriesaboutthepuzzleswhiletheyweresleeping.Itallowedthemto"work"onthepuzzlesintheirsleep.Earlierstudiesofbothpeopleandanimalshaveshownthatsleepcannotonlystrengthenmemory，butalsohelpusorganizeinformationinourbrains.Thisstudyseemstosupportthatunderstanding.Sothenexttimeyoufaceadifficultproblem，sleeponit.Thenplaysomemusictohelpyourselfthinkoftheproblem.28．WhatdidtheresearchersatNorthwesternUniversityfind?A．Listeningtomusiccanhelppeoplesleepwell.B．Sleepingcanhelppeoplesolveproblems.C．Solvingpuzzlescanimprovepeople'smemory.29．Whatdoestheunderlinedword"They"referto?A．Thestudents. B．Theresearchers. C．Thepuzzles.30．Whatdoestheunderlinedword"activated"inParagraph4meaninChinese?A．失去 B．抑制 C．激活31．WhatdoweknowfromParagraph5?A．Thefindingisnotvaluableforstudents.B．Thisstudysupportstheearlierfindings.C．Theearlierstudiesneededthehelpofmusic.【答案及解析】文章大意：文章主要是讲述了睡眠和音乐对于思考问题和解决问题的研究说明。28．细节理解题。根据文章第二段内容"AteamofresearchersatNorthwesternUniversity，US，didastudyandfoundthatsleepingisusefulinbothstrengthening(强化)（重组）memory.Thiscanhelpyousolveproblems."可知，美国西北大学的一组研究人员做了一项研究，发现睡眠对增强记忆都很有用。这可以帮助你解决问题。故选B。29．代词指代题。根据划线单词前文语境"Bytheend，thereweresixpuzzlesthatthestudentsstillhadn'tsolved.Thestudentsthenwentbackhometosleep."可推测，此处的they指代的是前文提及的"students"，故选A。30．词义猜测题。根据文章划线单词的前后语境"Themusicactivatedthememoriesaboutthepuzzleswhiletheyweresleeping.Itallowedthemto"work"onthepuzzlesintheirsleep."可知，音乐唤起了他们睡觉时对谜题的记忆。它允许他们在睡梦中"工作"拼图。猜测"activated"意为"唤醒，激活"。故选C。31．段落大意题。根据第五段首句"Earlierstudiesofbothpeopleandanimalshaveshownthatsleepcannotonlystrengthenmemory，butalsohelpusorganizeinformationinourbrains."可知，早期对人和动物的研究表明，睡眠不仅可以增强记忆，还可以帮助我们在大脑中组织信息。以及最后一句"Thisstudyseemstosupportthatunderstanding.这项研究似乎支持了这种理解。"可知，第五段说明的是他们的研究与早期研究是一致的，故选B。PassageDBynow,mostpeopleknowtheyshouldeatmorevegetables.Butaretherewaystogetmorefromthevegetablesyoualreadyeat?Researchshowsthatwhenitcomestovegetables,it'snọtonlyhowmuchweeat,butalsohowwepreparethem,whichdecideshowmanyvitamins(维他命)andothernutrients(营养)enterourbody.Manystudiesshowthatpeoplewhoeatlotsofvegetableshavefewerillnessesandeyeproblems.Butraw(生的)vegetablesarenotalwaysthebest.Theresearchersfoundthat198Germanswhoaterawfoodwereshortoflycopene(番茄红素),whichisfoundintomatoesandotherredvegetables."Thereisanideathatrawfoodsarealwaysgoingtobebetter,"saysStevenK.Clinton,aprofessoratOhioStateUniversity."Forfruitsandvegetables,sometimesalittlebitofcookingcanbehelpful."Anumberoffactorsdecidehowthevegetablesdogoodtopeople'shealthbeforetheyreachthetable,includingwhereandhowtheyweregrownandstoredbeforebeingbought.Nosinglecookingwayisthebest.Somenutrientsareeasilylostincookingiftheyarecookedindifferentways.VitaminsCandBareoftenlost.InJanuary,anotherreportsaidthatboilingwasbetterforcarrotsthanfryingorservingthemraw.Frying(炒)wastheworstwaytocook.Whatcookedwiththevegetablescanalsobeimportant.Whenthevegetableswerecookedwithfat,thedinerscangetmorenutrients.Fatcanalsomakethetasteofvegetablesbetter,meaningthatpeoplewilleatmoreofthem.Puttingonsomeotherthingscanalsomakethemtastebetter.Forexample,alittlesaltcanmakethefoodtastebetter.28．Whatdoweknowaboutvegetablesfromthefirstparagraph?A．Themorevegetableswehave,thehealthierwewillbe.B．Thewaypeopleeatvegetablesisofgreatimportance.C．Peoplecan'tgetmorefromthevegetablestheyalreadyeat.29．Peoplewhohaverawvegetablesforalongtimewill____.A．havemoreeyeproblemsB．havemoreillnessesC．beinneedoflycopene30．ThefollowingsdecidehowmuchgoodvegetablesdoEXCEPT____.A．theplacewheretheyaregrownB．thepriceofthevegetablesC．thewayofpreparingvegetables31．WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A．Thewayhowvegetablesarestoredinfluenceshowmuchgoodvegetablesdotopeople.B．ThebestwaytokeepvitaminsCandBinvegetablesistofrythem.C．Peoplewillgetfewernutrientsfromvegetableswhencookedwithfat.这是一篇说明文。一项研究表明，蔬菜不仅要看我们吃多少，还要看我们如何准备蔬菜，这决定了进入我们体内的维生素和其他营养物质。文章主要说明了决定蔬菜食用效果的一些影响因素，和推荐食用蔬菜的方法。28．推理判断题。根据第一段Bynow,mostpeopleknowtheyshouldeatmorevegetables.Butaretherewaystogetmorefromthevegetablesyoualreadyeat?Researchshowsthatwhenitcomestovegetables,it'snọtonlyhowmuchweeat,butalsohowwepreparethem,whichdecideshowmanyvitamins(维他命)andothernutrients(营养)enterourbody.现在，大多数人都知道应该多吃蔬菜。但是，有没有办法从你已经吃的蔬菜中获得更多的营养呢？一项研究表明，说到蔬菜，不仅要看我们吃多少，还要看我们如何准备蔬菜，这决定了进入我们体内的维生素和其他营养物质。结合文章内容，文章介绍了决定蔬菜食用效果的一些影响因素，和推荐食用蔬菜的方法。可推知，本段主要讲述了吃蔬菜的方式决定着我们身体所摄入的维生素和营养物，由此推出，选项B人们吃蔬菜的方式非常重要。故选B。29．细节理解题。根据第二段Theresearchersfoundthat198Germanswhoaterawfoodwereshortoflycopene(番茄红素),whichisfoundintomatoesandotherredvegetables."Thereisanideathatrawfoodsarealwaysgoingtobebetter,"saysStevenK.Clinton,aprofessoratOhioStateUniversity.研究人员发现，198名吃生食的德国人缺乏番茄红素，这种物质存在于番茄和其他红色蔬菜中。可知，长期吃生蔬菜的人会需要番茄红素。故选C。30．细节理解题。根据第一段Researchshowsthatwhenitcomestovegetables,it'snọtonlyhowmuchweeat,butalsohowwepreparethem,whichdecideshowmanyvitamins(维他命)andothernutrients(营养)enterourbody.一项研究表明，说到蔬菜，不仅要看我们吃多少，还要看我们如何准备蔬菜，这决定了进入我们体内的维生素和其他营养物质。可知，我们吃多少蔬菜以及我们如何准备蔬菜都决定着进入我们体内的维生素和其他营养物质。所以，选项C"蔬菜的准备方式"会影响蔬菜的食用效果。又根据第三段Anumberoffactorsdecidehowthevegetablesdogoodtopeople'shealthbeforetheyreachthetable,includingwhereandhowtheyweregrownandstoredbeforebeingbought.许多因素决定了蔬菜在到达餐桌之前如何对人们的健康有益，包括它们在被购买之前的生长地点和储存方式。可知，蔬菜对人们的健康影响也取决于蔬菜的生长地点和储存方式。所以，A选项"蔬菜生长的地方"也能影响蔬菜的食用效果。文章没有提到蔬菜的价格问题，由此可知选项B"蔬菜的售价"不属于影响因素。故选B。31．推理判断题。根据最后一句Forexample,alittlesaltcanmakethefoodtastebetter.油炸(炒)是最糟糕的烹饪方式。可知，选项B"在蔬菜中保持维生素C和B的最好方法是油炸。"是错误的。根据Whenthevegetableswerecookedwithfat,thedinerscangetmorenutrients.当蔬菜与脂肪一起烹饪时，吃的人可以获得更多的营养。可知，选项C"与脂肪一起烹饪时，人们从蔬菜中获得的营养会减少。"是错误的。根据第三段中Anumberoffactorsdecidehowthevegetablesdogoodtopeople'shealthbeforetheyreachthetable,includingwhereandhowtheyweregrownandstoredbeforebeingbought.许多因素决定了蔬菜在到达餐桌之前如何对人们的健康有益，包括它们在被购买之前的生长地点和储存方式。可知，选项A"蔬菜的储存方式影响着蔬菜对人体的益处。"是正确的。故选A。PassageEWhatdoesthis"thing"lookliketoyou?Isitasnail(蜗牛)?Orisitacar?Actually,itismydesignforthecarofthefuture—asnailcar.Thesnailcardoesn'tlooklikeanyofthecarsthatweseeeveryday.Ifanything,thiscaristheoppositeoftoday'scars.Forexample,today'scarsarenoisyanddirty,whilethisoneissilentandclean;today'scarshavewheels,butthisonedoesnot;traditionalcarsusepetrol(汽油)whilethiscarwillusecleanenergy.Onemoreimportantpointaboutthesnailcaristhatitiseasytodrive.Infact,youdon'thavetoworryaboutdrivingbecauseitcantakeyouwhereveryouwanttogowhenyousayit.Let'ssayyouneedtotakeashoppingtriptoasupermarket.Allyouhavetodoisgiveaninstructiontothecar,like"Takemetothesupermarket",andthesnailcarwillfollowyourinstructionandtakecareofyourtrip.Andthechancesarethatitwilltakeyouthereevenfasterthanyouthink.Alotofthetechnologyrequiredformysnailcaralreadyexist(存在),althoughsomemaybeexperimental(试验性的).Today,scientistsaredevelopingnewmaterialsforthesurfaceofroads.Fiftyyearsfromnow,perhapssooner,somenewroadswillstoresolarenergy(太阳能)undertheroad,andthesnailcarwillbeabletouseit.However,youprobablywon'tseeacarlikethisontheroadsanytimesoon,evenifyou'reunder20today.This,perhaps,isthecaroftheyear2100,andthecarthatyourgrandchildrenortheirchildrenwillprobablydrive.28．Howdoesthewritershowthatthesnailcaristheoppositeoftoday'scars?A．Bytellingstories.B．Bylistingnumbers.C．Bygivingexamples.29．WecanlearnfromParagraph3thatthesnailcaris____.A．clean B．smart C．quiet30．Whatdoestheunderlinedword"it"inParagraph4referto?A．Solarenergy.B．Cleanenergy.C．Thesurfaceofroads.31．Whatwillthewriterprobablytalkaboutinthefollowingparagraph?A．Whatthesnailcarwilllooklikein2024.B．Whythesnailcarwillbepopularamongchildren.C．Whattheworldwillbelikewhenthesnailcariswidelyused.参考答案：文章大意：文章主要是介绍了蜗牛车的设计理念和功能。28．细节理解题。根据文章第二段句子"Ifanything,thiscaristheoppositeoftoday'scars.Forexample,today'scarsarenoisyanddirty,whilethisoneissilentandclean;today'scarshavewheels,butthisonedoesnot;traditionalcarsusepetrol(汽油)whilethiscarwillusecleanenergy."可知，作者是通过举例说明，蜗牛车和现代的车不一样，故选C。29．推理判断题。根据文章第三段句子"Infact,youdon'thavetoworryaboutdrivingbecauseitcantakeyouwhereveryouwanttogowhenyousayit.事实上，你不必担心开车，因为当你说它可以带你去任何你想去的地方。"可知，当你说出来的时候，蜗牛车就会带你去那里，说明蜗牛车是很智能的，故选B。30．代词指代题。根据文章第四段it所在句子语境"Fiftyyearsfromnow,perhapssooner,somenewroadswillstoresolarenergy(太阳能)undertheroad,andthesnailcarwillbeabletouseit."可知，it指代的是前面提及的"solarenergy(太阳能)"，故选A。31．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段句子"However,youprobablywon'tseeacarlikethisontheroadsanytimesoon,evenifyou'reunder20today.This,perhaps,isthecaroftheyear2100,andthecarthatyourgrandchildrenortheirchildrenwillprobablydrive.然而，你可能不会很快在路上看到这样的车，即使你今天还不到20岁。这可能是2100年的汽车，你的孙子或他们的孩子可能会驾驶的汽车。"可推测，接下来应该是描述蜗牛车如果广泛运用的话，世界将会是怎样的，故选C。PassageFTheAngelfishCanChangeFromToMaleIntheoceanworld,thereisakindofamazingfis