高考英语全程一轮复习课时作业15Unit6TheMedia北师大版选择性

UNIT6THEMEDIAⅠ.阅读理解A[2022·合肥市第三次质量检测]BornonJuly1st,1948,inthesmallItaliancityofPalmi,RobertoCreawasageniuskid.HemovedtotheNetherlandsandmajoredinBiologicalChemistry.Itwasthisuniversitythatdirectedhisinterestinthesynthesis(合成)ofnucleotides,thebasicunitsthatarerequiredtobuildDNA.Atthattime,notmanyresearchersstudiedthecombinationofgenes(基因),butRoberto'sstrongchemistrybackgroundmadeahistoricalinventionpossible.In1977,hejoinedtheGenentech,Inc.andthegenesynthesisteamatCityofHopeMedicalSchool.ThecompanyfundedDr.Crea'songoingresearchongenesynthesis.Afterworkingdayandnight,thebrilliantindividualfinallyinventedanewprocedurethatimprovedthechemicalsynthesisofgenes.ThankstohisrichknowledgeandthejointeffortsoftheexcellentGenentechteam,hemadeuseofthis__discoverytoproducethehumaninsulin(胰岛素)genes,AandB.ItwashisinventionthatallowedGenentechtobelabeledasthefirstproducerofhumanprotein.Thisbenefitedhundredsofmillionsofpeoplesufferingfromdiabetes(糖尿病)allovertheworld.TodayRobertoisknownasthefatherofsyntheticinsulinandhadalmostwontheNobelPrize.Hiseffortsdidnotstopafterdiscoveringthesyntheticinsulin;infact,hewasmorethandrivenandtriedtomakemorecontributionstothefieldofbiotechnology.HisteamofexpertsdiscoveredZiconotideunderhisteachingsandguidance.Accordingtoleadingscientistsandresearchers,thisdrugismorepowerfulandeffectivethanmorphine(吗啡),andthebestpartofthisisthatithaszeroside­effects.Dr.RobertoCreahasalonglistofcreditablediscoveriesandresearchesthathehasachievedin65yearsofhislife.Heisaninspirationformanyindividualswhoaimtoaddvaluetohumanitywiththehelpofscience.1．WhatmaycontributetoRoberto'sinventionofthehumaninsulingenes?A．Hisgoodluckinhislife.B．Hiscuriosityabouthisstudy.C．Hiscreativeimagination.D．Hisknowledgeofchemistry.2．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“thisdiscovery”inParagraph2referto?A．Aspecialwayofproducinghumanprotein.B．Areliablemethodforcuringpeopleofdiabetes.C．Anewprocedureforimprovinggenesynthesis.D．Asimpletechniqueofseparatinghumangenes.3．WhatdoweknowaboutRobertoinParagraph3?A．HewonaNobelPrize.B．Hestucktohisscientificresearch.C．Hediscoveredmorphinewithhisteam.D．Heretiredaftermakingthegreatdiscovery.4．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesRoberto?A.Enthusiasticandgenerous.B．Courageousandcalm.C．Ambitiousandpatient.D．Devotedandtalented.B[2022·南京市高三第三次模拟考试]Withtheworld'sattentiononvaccines(疫苗),nowitfeelslikeagoodmomenttosingthepraisesofanoftenforgottencontributortotheirdevelopment.Threehundredyearsagothismonth,LadyMaryWortleyMontagugotherdaughterinoculated(接种)againstsmallpox,makingherchildthefirstpersonintheWesttobeprotectedinthisway.WithoutMontagu'swillingnesstoadoptapracticeshehadlearnedfromothercultures,theintroductionofvaccinesaround80yearslaterwouldneverhavetakenplace.MontagufirstwitnessedinoculationwhensheaccompaniedherhusbandtoTurkey.InoculationhadstartedinAsia,probablyinChina,asearlyasthe10thcenturyAD.MontaguobservedhowolderwomeninTurkeytookatinyamountofpus(脓)fromapersonwithsmallpox.Theythenusedneedlestomakecutsonpeople'swristsandanklesandaddedthepustotheirbloodstream.Thishelpedpeoplegainimmunityfromfutureinfection.Likeothervisitorstothecountry,Montagutookstepstoensurethathersonwasinoculated.Thisworkedwell,butsheknewthattryingitinEnglandwouldbefarmorechallenging.Inoculationperformedbyunlicensedamateurswouldthreatendoctors'professionalstandingandpotentiallyrobthemofvaluableincome.Somepeoplealsodisagreewiththepractice,astheysawitasgoingagainstnature.BackinEngland,Montaguobservedtheincreasedseverityofsmallpoxinfections.Eventually,inApril1721,shedecidedtousetheTurkishpracticetohaveherdaughterinoculated,becauseshebelievedthattherewardswouldoutweightherisks.Afterasafetimehadpassedfollowingtheinoculation,Montagualloweddoctorstoexamineherdaughter.DoctorsinBritaingraduallyacceptedthepractice.About80yearslater,apioneeringphysicianfoundsmallpoxvaccinestodestroysmallpoxcompletely.Asearlyaslastcentury,academicsarguedthatMontaguwasnomorethananenthusiasticamateur.Intruth,shemadeavitalscientificcontributiontowardsfindingthecureforsmallpox.5．Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A．Theoriginofsmallpoxinoculation.B．Montagu'sfirstaccesstoinoculation.C．Thebenefitsfromsmallpoxinoculation.D．Turkishwomen'sinventionofinoculation.6．MontagufounditdifficulttotryinoculationinEnglandbecause________．A．itwasagainsthumannatureB．itmightharmdoctors'interestsC．itwasbeyonddoctors'abilitiesD．itmightshakesomepeople'sbelief7．WhatleddoctorsinBritaintoacceptinoculation?A．Theincreasedseverityofsmallpoxinfections.B．Aphysician'sdiscoveryofsmallpoxvaccines.C．TheresultofMontagu'sdaughter'sinoculation.D．Montagu'sfocusonitsrewardsratherthanitsrisks.8．Whatmightbethebesttitleofthetext?A．AnUnsungHeroB．NoLimittoCreationC．DevelopmentofVaccinesD．AHistoricMedicalInnovationC[2022·合肥市高三第一次教学质量检测]Globalhealthexpertssaythateachyearsomeofthe1.5millionpeoplediefromvaccine­preventablediseasesduetogapingholesinmedicalrecord­keeping,especiallyindevelopingcountrieswhereresourcestoproperlydocumentimmunizations(免疫注射)maybelacking.Tosolvethat__problem,__researchersheadedbyateamattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)haveinventedawaytodelivervaccines(疫苗)throughamicroneedlepatch(小片)thatisburiedintheskin.It'sarecordthatcan'tbeseen,writteninquantumdotsthatcontainvaccinationhistoryandgiveofflightonlyreadablebyaspeciallyequippedsmartphone.Thescientistssayitdoesn'trequireanylinktoadatabaseanditdoesn'ttieanypersonalinformationintoit.Fornow,thepatchcanonlycontainahandfulofsimpleshapes.Butaddingmoremicroneedlescouldmakethedesignsmorecomplex,potentiallyconveyinginformationaboutavaccination'sdate,dosageandmore.Fromthere,readingthedotsbecomesalotlikescanningaQRcode.Thesedesignscouldbescannedandinterpretedbysmartphones,andsomedayallowhealthproviderstoaccesspatients'pastvaccinationswithoutchaosofexternalrecords.Thenextstep,beforetrialsinpeople,istotestitspracticabilityamongexpertsinthefield.TheresearchersnowplantoworkwithhealthcareworkersindevelopingnationsinAfricatogetinputonthebestwaytocarryoutthistypeofvaccinationrecord­keeping.“Ultimately,webelievethatthisinvisible‘on­body’technologyopensupnewpossibilitiesfordatastorageandbiosensingapplicationsthatcouldinfluencethewaymedicalcareisprovided,especiallyinthedevelopingworld,”theresearchersconclude.9．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“thatproblem”inParagraph2referto?A．Fewmedicalresources.B．Wrongwaystodelivervaccines.C．Lackofvaccinationrecord­keeping.D．Thefactthatnovaccinationsarerequiredindevelopingcountries.10．Whatcanwelearnaboutquantumdots?A．Theykeeparecordofthevaccination.B．Theyneedtobeconnectedtoadatabase.C．Theygiveawayone'spersonalinformation.D．Theycanreadlightproducedbysmartphones.11．Howwillhealthprovidersaccesspatients'pastvaccinations?A．ByreadingtheQRcode.B．Byscanningthedesign.C．Byinterpretingexternalrecords.D．Byincreasingmicroneedles.12．Whatdotheresearchersexpectofthenewtechnology?A．Itwillbecost­saving.B．Itwillhitthemarketsoon.C．Itmayensuretheaccuracyofdata.D．Itmaybringchangestomedicalcare.Ⅱ.完形填空[2022·广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试(二)]Afamoustheoristoncesaid,“Idon'tdividetheworldintotheweakandthestrong,orthesuccessesandthefailures...Idividetheworldintothelearnersandthenon­learners.”Whatonearthwouldmakesomeoneanon­learner?Everyoneisbornwithanintense__1__tolearn.Babiesrisetothelearningchallengedaily.Notjustfor__2__tasks,butthemostdifficultonesofalifetime,likelearningtowalkandtalk.Theyneverdecideit'stoohardornotworththe__3__.Babiesdon'tworryaboutmakingmistakesor__4__themselves.Theywalk,theyfall,they__5__.Whatputsanendtothisfearlesslearning?Afixedmindset.Assoonaschildrenbecomeabletoevaluatethemselves,someofthembecome__6__ofchallenges.Theyworryaboutnotbeing__7__.Myresearchteamhavestudiedthousandsofchildrenfrompreschoolers,andit'sbreathtakinghowmany__8__anopportunitytolearn.Weofferedfour­year­oldsa__9__：theycouldredoaneasyjigsaw(拼图)ortryaharderone.Evenatthisyoungage,childrenwithafixedmindsetstuckwiththe__10__one.Theybelievesmartkidsdon'tmake__11__.Childrenwithagrowthmindset,however,thoughtitwasa__12__choice.Whywouldanyonewanttokeepdoingthesamepuzzle__13__？Theychoseincreasinglydifficultonesinstead.Believingthatsuccessisaboutlearning,childrenwithagrowthmindsetseizedthechance.Butthosewithafixedmindsetdidn'twanttoexposetheir__14__.Thisishowafixedmindsetmakespeopleinto__15__.1．A.fearB．driveC．competitionD．concentration2．A.crucialB．mentalC．ordinaryD．particular3．A.attentionB．effortC．interestD．time4．A.confusingB．behavingC．punishingD．hurting5．A.getupB．giveupC．showupD．shutup6．A.afraidB．ashamedC．confidentD．ignorant7．B．curiousC．modestD．smart8．A.seizeB．ruinC．rejectD．require9．A.lessonB．choiceC．giftD．game10．A.challengingB．interestingC．newD．simple11．A.decisionsB．jigsawsC．mistakesD．predictions12．A.strangeB．promisingC．profitableD．difficult13．A.repeatedlyB．unwillinglyC．automaticallyD．properly14．A.secretsB．thoughtsC．preferencesD．weaknesses15．A.theoristsB．perfectionistsC．non­learnersD．risk­takersⅢ.应用文写作[2022·重庆市第二次调研]假定你是李华。你的新西兰朋友Mark在书信中提到对中国历史很感兴趣，想请你给他介绍一位你喜欢的中国历史人物。请你给Mark回信，内容包括：1．你喜欢的历史人物是谁；2．该历史人物的主要贡献；3．该历史人物对你的影响。注意：1．写作词数应为80左右；2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。DearMark，TherearemanyfamouspeopleinChinesehistory，________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours，LiHua课时作业(十五)Ⅰ.阅读理解A语篇类型：记叙文主题语境：人与社会——人物故事——合成胰岛素之父RobertoCrea【语篇解读】本文主要讲述了合成胰岛素之父RobertoCrea的相关故事。他早年凭借自己的天资和刻苦努力研发出了人类胰岛素基因，并差点获得诺贝尔奖。但他没有满足于自己的成就，而是在科研的道路上不懈追求。1．答案与解析：D考查理解具体信息的能力。根据第一段中的“Atthattime，notmanyresearchersstudied...ahistoricalinventionpossible”可知，Roberto较强的化学背景让他能够完成这项发现。故D项正确。2．答案与解析：C考查理解词汇的能力。根据画线词所在句中的“他利用这项发现生产出了人类胰岛素基因”和语境可知，“这项发现”指的是第二段中的“anewprocedurethatimprovedthechemicalsynthesisofgenes”。故C项正确。3．答案与解析：B考查理解具体信息的能力。根据第三段中的“Hiseffortsdidnotstop...thefieldofbiotechnology.”可知，Roberto没有满足于自己的成就，而是一直坚持科学研究。故B项正确。4．答案与解析：D考查推断的能力。从第一段中的“RobertoCreawasageniuskid.”“Roberto'sstrongchemistrybackgroundmadeahistoricalinventionpossible.”可知，Roberto是一个天赋异禀的人；再根据第三段中的“Hiseffortsdidnot...infact,hewasmorethandrivenandtriedtomakemorecontributionstothefieldofbiotechnology.”可知，Roberto是一个非常专注的科学家。故D项正确。B语篇类型：记叙文主题语境：人与社会——历史人物——推动疫苗接种的先行者【语篇解读】三百年前，英国的MaryWortleyMontagu在土耳其目睹了当地妇女接种天花疫苗后，决定将这种技术带回英国，给女儿接种天花疫苗。她冲破重重阻力，终于成功接种，并得到了当地医生的认可和推广。5．答案与解析：B考查理解段落主旨要义的能力。通读第二段可知，该段首句“MontagufirstwitnessedinoculationwhensheaccompaniedherhusbandtoTurkey.”为第二段的主题句；结合下文内容可知，该段主要讲述了Montagu在土耳其目睹当地人预防天花的经过。故B项正确。6．答案与解析：B考查理解具体信息的能力。根据第三段第三句“Inoculationperformedbyunlicensedamateurswouldthreatendoctors'professionalstandingandpotentiallyrobthemofvaluableincome.”可知，由无执照的业余人士进行接种会威胁到医生的职业地位并有可能剥夺他们宝贵的收入。据此可知，在英国接种天花疫苗很困难是因为这损害了当地医生的利益。故B项正确。7．答案与解析：C考查理解具体信息的能力。根据第四段尾句“Afterasafetimehadpassedfollowingtheinoculation，Montagualloweddoctorstoexamineherdaughter.”可知，在接种疫苗后的一段安全时间过后，Montagu同意医生为她的女儿进行检查。根据第五段首句“DoctorsinBritaingraduallyacceptedthepractice.”可知，英国医生逐渐接受了接种天花疫苗。据此可知，由于Montagu给她的女儿成功接种了天花疫苗，故英国医生开始接受。故C项正确。8．答案与解析：A考查理解文章主旨要义的能力。通读全文可知，本文首句“Withtheworld'sattentiononvaccines(疫苗),nowitfeelslikeagoodmomenttosingthepraisesofanoftenforgottencontributortotheirdevelopment.”是全文的主旨句；结合下文内容可知，本文主要介绍了推动天花疫苗接种的先行者Montagu的故事。她勇敢地让她的女儿尝试接种并获得成功，从而使英国的医生逐渐接受了天花疫苗的接种。故A项最适合作为本文标题。[干扰项分析]B项太空乏，与主题无关；C项没有突出主题；D项意为“一项历史性的医学创新”，与主题无关。C语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与社会——医学进步——微针贴片【语篇解读】世界卫生专家称每年在150万人中，有一些人由于疫苗接种记录缺失而死亡，为了解决这一问题，由麻省理工学院的一个小组带领的研究者们发明了一种通过埋在皮肤里的微针贴片输送疫苗的方法。9．答案与解析：C考查理解词汇的能力。根据第一段内容可知，由于缺乏免疫注射记录，一些人死于疫苗可预防的疾病，这就是研究者们要解决的问题。故C项正确。10．答案与解析：A考查理解具体信息的能力。根据第二段中的“quantumdotsthatcontainvaccinationhistory”可知，量子点包含疫苗接种史。故A项正确。11．答案与解析：B考查理解具体信息的能力。根据第三段中的“Thesedesignscouldbescannedandinterpretedbysmartphones，andsomedayallowhealthproviderstoaccesspatients'pastvaccinationswithoutchaosofexternalrecords.”可知，医务人员可以通过扫描微针贴片的图案来了解病人的疫苗接种史。故B项正确。12．答案与解析：D考查理解具体信息的能力。根据最后一段中的“Ultimately，webelievethatthisinvisible‘on-body’technologyopensupnewpossibilitiesfordatastorageandbiosensingapplicationsthatcouldinfluencethewaymedicalcareisprovided”可知，研究者们希望微针贴片可以为医疗保健带来改变。故D项正确。Ⅱ.完形填空语篇类型：议论文主题语境：人与自我——生活与学习——学习者与“非学习者”【语篇解读】一个著名的理论学家曾说他会把这个世界划分为“学习者”和“非学习者”两部分，那么究竟是什么原因让一个人变成“非学习者”呢？如果孩子有成长性的思维模式，那么他们既不会停止学习，也不怕困难与挑战，最终会成为“学习者”。相比之下，有固定思维模式的孩子会因惧怕暴露自己的弱点而停止学习，成为“非学习者”。考点分布：名词6个，形容词5个，动词(短语)3个，副词1个。1．答案与解析：B考查语境推断。根据下文中的“Babiesrisetothelearningchallengedaily.”可推知，每个人生来都有强大的学习动力。因此选B。drive“(人的)强烈欲望，本能需求”。2．答案与解析：C考查逻辑推断。根据notjust