（高清版）GBT 41190-2021 鹿营养需要量

鹿营养需要量2021-12-31发布2022-07-01实施国家标准化管理委员会I本文件按照GB/T1.1—2020《标准化工作导则第1部分：标准化文件的结构和起草规则》的规定起草。请注意本文件的某些内容可能涉及专利。本文件的发布机构不承担识别专利的责任。本文件由中华人民共和国农业农村部提出。本文件由全国畜牧业标准化技术委员会(SAC/TC274)归口。本文件起草单位：中国农业科学院特产研究所。张铁涛。1鹿营养需要量1范围本文件规定了梅花鹿和马鹿的营养需要量。本文件适用于人工饲养条件下的梅花鹿和马鹿。2规范性引用文件本文件没有规范性引用文件。3术语和定义下列术语和定义适用于本文件。营养需要量nutrientrequirements最低营养需要量minimumnutrientrequirements动物在维持正常生理活动、机体健康和达到特定生产性能时对营养素需要的最低数量。仔鹿fawn出生后至当年年末，7月龄之内的鹿。出生后第二年初至第三年8月末，8月龄～28月龄的鹿。出生后第三年8月末，28月龄以后的鹿。生茸期velvetantlergrowingperiod公鹿从脱盘至茸收获的时期。注：梅花鹿一般为4月至8月，马鹿一般为3月至8月。配种期breedingperiod鹿自然发情配种的时期。注：生产中一般从9月至11月。恢复期recoveryperiod公鹿配种后体质恢复时期。注：生产中一般指12月至翌年3月。2妊娠期pregnancyperiod母鹿受精后至胎儿娩出的一段时间。注：生产中一般指受孕至翌年6月。从仔鹿出生至仔鹿断奶的时期。4营养需要量仔鹿营养需要量应符合表1的要求。表1梅花鹿仔鹿营养需要量月龄干物质采食量/(g/kg)21.0总能/(MJ/kg)0.510.51粗蛋白质/(g/kg)6.00可消化蛋白/(g/kg)4.50钙/(g/d)4.16磷/(g/d)2.702.56氯化钠/(g/d)4.00铜/(mg/d)锰/(mg/d)23.1锌/(mg/d)23.124.0铁/(mg/d)钴/(mg/d)0.230.24硒/(mg/d)0.070.08碘/(mg/d)0.110.12维生素A/(IU/d)2039维生素D/(IU/d)维生素E/(IU/d)育成鹿营养需要量应符合表2的要求。3表2梅花鹿育成鹿营养需要量月龄干物质采食量/(g/kg)43.8539.4042.3840.934.05总能/(MJ/kg)0.720.670.700.670.58粗蛋白质/(g/kg)6.406.336.00可消化蛋白/(g/kg)4.224.184.80钙/(g/d)9.12磷/(g/d)氯化钠/(g/d)铜/(mg/d)20.64锰/(mg/d)63.0锌/(mg/d)206.0208.0铁/(mg/d)84.096.0钴/(mg/d)0.380.420.480.520.52硒/(mg/d)0.190.210.240.260.26碘/(mg/d)0.480.520.600.650.65维生素A/(IU/d)475063538210维生素D/(IU/d)维生素E/(IU/d)成年母鹿营养需要量应符合表3的要求。表3梅花鹿成年母鹿营养需要量时期配种期妊娠期哺乳期平均体重/kg干物质采食量/(g/kg)总能/(MJ/kg)粗蛋白质/(g/kg)可消化蛋白/(g/kg)钙/(g/d)4表3梅花鹿成年母鹿营养需要量(续)时期配种期妊娠期哺乳期磷/(g/d)4.306.066.88氯化钠/(g/d)铜/(mg/d)20.4锰/(mg/d)45.063.280.083.293.2锌/(mg/d)45.047.460.083.093.0铁/(mg/d)60.068.090.0钴/(mg/d)0.450.510.570.470.540.600.830.93硒/(mg/d)0.150.170.190.160.180.200.210.230.26碘/(mg/d)0.530.600.670.550.630.70维生素A/(IU/d)466260009028661881049562维生素D/(IU/d)468维生素E/(IU/d)成年公鹿营养需要量应符合表4的要求。表4梅花鹿成年公鹿营养需要量时期配种期恢复期生茸期平均体重/kg干物质采食量/(g/kg)21.7121.8521.7630.6329.6828.8936.9436.0635.27总能/(MJ/kg)0.350.360.360.610.500.480.630.620.61粗蛋白质/(g/kg)2.972.704.496.276.136.00可消化蛋白/(g/kg)2.402.352.162.652.464.844.80钙/(g/d)21.5420.2920.3029.627.3磷/(g/d)6.786.818.909.028.499.96食盐/(g/d)21.623.0铜/(mg/d)21.226.228.343.9242.7245.1244.2851.9655.08锰/(mg/d)256.2249.2263.2258.3303.1321.3锌/(mg/d)292.8284.8300.8295.2346.4367.25表4梅花鹿成年公鹿营养需要量(续)时期配种期恢复期生茸期铁/(mg/d)219.6213.6225.6221.4259.8275.4钴/(mg/d)2.202.142.302.95硒/(mg/d)0.210.260.280.370.360.380.370.430.46碘/(mg/d)2.562.492.634.244.98维生素A/(IU/d)4818607868319445918061209307维生素D/(IU/d)维生素E/(IU/d)仔鹿营养需要量应符合表5的要求。表5马鹿仔鹿营养需要量月龄0～34～7干物质采食量/(g/kg)25.78总能/(MJ/kg)0.690.44粗蛋白质/(g/kg)可消化蛋白/(g/kg)4.362.80钙/(g/d)23.0磷/(g/d)25.5氯化钠/(g/d)铜/(mg/d)20.726.1锰/(mg/d)锌/(mg/d)铁/(mg/d)333.5420.5钴/(mg/d)0.3450.435硒/(mg/d)0.290.36碘/(mg/d)0.290.36维生素A/(IU/d)43506表5马鹿仔鹿营养需要量(续)月龄维生素D/(IU/d)维生素E/(IU/d)育成鹿营养需要量应符合表6的要求。表6马鹿育成鹿营养需要量月龄干物质采食量/(g/kg)总能/(MJ/kg)0.740.740.490.74粗蛋白质/(g/kg)4.84.84.8可消化蛋白/(g/kg)2.822.822.82钙/(g/d)22.5磷/(g/d)6.75氯化钠/(g/d)铜/(mg/d)40.5锰/(mg/d)67.590.066.0锌/(mg/d)240.0312.0铁/(mg/d)90.088.0钴/(mg/d)0.670.900.66硒/(mg/d)0.560.750.550.97碘/(mg/d)0.450.660.480.85维生素A/(IU/d)675090006600维生素D/(IU/d)2145维生素E/(IU/d)成年母鹿营养需要量应符合表7的要求。7表7马鹿成年母鹿营养需要量时期配种期妊娠期哺乳期干物质采食量/(g/kg)20.0总能/(MJ/kg)0.320.510.56粗蛋白质/(g/kg)可消化蛋白/(g/kg)2.52钙/(g/d)40.0磷/(g/d)20.0氯化钠/(g/d)20.0铜/(mg/d)60.090.090.0锰/(mg/d)锌/(mg/d)200.0铁/(mg/d)200.0钴/(mg/d)硒/(mg/d)碘/(mg/d)维生素A/(IU/d)8000维生素D/(IU/d)2000维生素E/(IU/d)成年公鹿营养需要量应符合表8的要求。表8马鹿成年公鹿营养需要量时期配种期恢复期生茸期干物质采食量/(g/kg)20.0总能/(MJ/kg)0.3240.5070.558粗蛋白质/(g/kg)可消化蛋白/(g/kg)2.52钙/(g/d)45.047.049.0磷/(g/d)25.025.025.08表8马鹿成年公鹿营养需要量(续)时期配种期恢复期生茸期氯化钠/(g/d)24.0铜/(mg/d)85.585.5锰/(mg/d)288.0364.0504.0锌/(mg/d)336.0416.0576.0铁/(mg/d)240.0312.0432.0钴/(mg/d)硒/(mg/d)0.480.520.72碘/(g/d)4.16维生素A/(IU/d)维生素D/(IU/d)2850维生素E/(IU/d)5饲料营养成分5.1鹿常用饲料常规营养成分见表A.1。5.2鹿常用饲料矿物质元素含量见表A.2。9(资料性)鹿常用饲料营养成分表表A.1～表A.2给出了鹿常用饲料营养成分。表A.1鹿常用饲料常规营养成分名称中国饲料号CFN干物质含量%粗蛋白%粗脂肪%粗纤维%灰分%无氮浸出物%钙%磷%玉米4-07-027886.00.020.27大豆5-09-012791.14.224.40.28大豆饼5-10-024189.041.84.80.310.50大豆粕5-10-010389.047.94.04.90.340.65小麦麸4-08-006987.04.90.110.92向日葵仁饼5-10-003188.029.020.44.70.240.87棉籽饼5-10-011888.026.10.210.83棉籽粕5-10-011990.047.026.30.25花生仁饼5-10-011688.044.725.10.250.53花生仁粕5-10-011588.047.827.20.270.56菜籽饼5-10-018388.026.30.590.96菜籽粕5-10-012188.028.90.65玉米胚芽饼4-10-002690.00.04玉米胚芽粕4-10-024490.020.80.06膨化玉米4-07-000590.60.080.22玉米蛋白粉5-11-000190.163.50.070.44米糠4-08-004187.044.50.07DDGS5-11-001790.028.34.10.200.74啤酒酵母7-15-000191.74.70.16苜蓿草粉1-05-007687.029.80.19玉米秸1-06-006290.024.9——玉米青贮3-03-002525.00.100.02小麦秸1-06-062289.641.10.050.06干柞树叶2-02-002486.34.321.60.07青柞树叶2-00-000090.80.12表A.1鹿常用饲料常规营养成分(续)名称中国饲料号干物质含量%粗蛋白%粗脂肪%粗纤维%灰分%无氮浸出物%钙%%%青豆秸豆秸青蒿青稞羊草注：“—”表示数据不详。表A.2鹿常用饲料矿物质元素含量名称中国饲料号CFN钠%镁%钾%铁mg/kg铜mg/kg锰mg/kg锌mg/kgmg/kg玉米4-07-02780.010.110.2921.10.04大豆5-09-01270.020.2821.540.70.06大豆饼5-10-02410.020.2543.40.04大豆粕5-10-01030.030.282.0524.046.40.10小麦麸4-08-00690.070.5296.50.07苜蓿草粉1-05-00760.110.362.22437.022.60.48棉籽饼5-10-01180.040.52266.044.90.11棉籽粕5-10-01190.040.40263.00.15啤酒酵母7-15-00010.100.23248.061.022.386.7玉米蛋白粉5-11-00010.010.080.30230.00.02菜籽饼5-10-01830.020.01687.00.29菜籽粕5-10-01210.090.51653.082.267.50.16玉米胚芽饼4-10-00260.010.100.3099.0—玉米胚芽粕4-10-02440.010.160.69214.023.30.33花生仁