高考英语大一轮复习 5 Unit 5 First aid知能演练轻松闯关（含解析）新人教版必修5-新人教版高三必修5英语试题

Unit5Firstaid阅读提速练eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)阅读理解A(2019·成都高中毕业班摸底测试)SummerCampsinSeason!STEMCampJuly10toAugust14，Cost：$18090%ofthejobsinthefuturewillrequireSTEM(Science，Technology，Engineering&Mathematics)education.Wefindwaystomakelearningfunandexcitingforstudentstohelpensuretheirfutures.CampersparticipateinfunandengagingSTEMactivities！Register：www.stemcamp.caorcall519­475­6600.KandaloreJune15to28，Cost：$2，340ThefinesttraditionalcampinCanada，providesthebestofbothcanoe(独木舟)adventuresandin­campactivities.Formorethan65years，Kandalorehasgivencamperstheopportunitytoknowandbethemselves.Wecreateawarmandsupportiveenvironmentwherekidscanexpresstheiruniqueself，growinself­confidenceandbuildlifetimefriendships.Register：orcall416­322­9735.ESLSummerCampJune25toJuly21，Cost：$5，500PickeringCollegehasanexcitingESLsummercampforstudentsaged12－18whowanttolearnEnglishandexperiencethewondersofsummeratour42­acrecampus；studentsenjoytheexcellentdormitory，dining，academic，andsocialfacilitiesofoneofCanada’soldestindependentschools.Register：www.pickeringcollege.on.caorcall905­175­8900.DEEPSummerAcademyAugust16to26，Cost：$465Weprovidehighlymotivatedhighschoolstudentsfromacrosstheworldwiththeopportunityforadvancedstudyinavarietyofengineering，technology，businessandsciencesubjects.OrganizedbytheUniversityofToronto，DEEPisoneofthemostdiversepre­universityengineeringprogramsallovertheworldwithscholarships.Register：www.outreach.engineering.utoronto.caorcall416­946­0816.【解题导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了四个夏令营的时间、收费标准、主要活动内容及联系方式等信息。1．WhichnumbershouldyoucallifyouwanttoimproveyourEnglish?A．519­475­6600. B．416­322­9735.C．416­946­0816. D．905­175­8900.D解析：细节理解题。根据第三则信息中的“PickeringCollegehasanexcitingESLsummercampforstudentsaged12－18whowanttolearnEnglish”和“call905­175­8900”可知D选项正确。2．Whenwilltheshortestcampstart?A．OnJuly10. B．OnJune15.C．OnJune25. D．OnAugust16.D解析：细节理解题。综合四则信息可知，DEEPSummerAcademy的时间长度是11天，与题干的theshortestcamp相符合。所以D选项正确。3．Wherecanyougoifyouareinterestedintheexperienceofadventure?A．Kandalore. B．STEMCamp.C．ESLSummerCamp. D．DEEPSummerAcademy.A解析：细节理解题。根据第二则信息中的“providesthebestofbothcanoe(独木舟)adventuresandin­campactivities”可知，选项A与题干的“theexperienceofadventure”相符合。所以A选项正确。4．HowsimilarareSTEMCampandDEEPSummerAcademy？A．Theybothofferscholarshipsforstudents.B．Theyprovidethesamecoursesforstudents.C．Theybothpreparestudentsfortheirdevelopment.D．Theyarebothdesignedforinternationalstudents.C解析：推理判断题。根据第一则信息中的“forstudentstohelpensuretheirfutures”和第四则信息中的“Weprovidehighlymotivatedhighschoolstudentsfromacrosstheworldwiththeopportunityforadvancedstudy”可以推断二者都对学生的未来发展(development)有帮助。所以C选项正确。B(2019·衡水中学高三大联考)BobDylan,bornonMay24,1941,isanAmericansongwriter,singer,artistandwriter.Hehasbeeninfluentialinpopularmusicandcultureformorethanfivedecades.Muchofhismostcelebratedworkdatesfromthe1960s,whenhissongsshowedsocialunrest.EarlysongssuchasBlowin’intheWindandTheTimesTheyArea­Changin’promotedtheAmericancivilrightsandanti­warmovements.Dylan’ssongsincludeawiderangeofpolitical,socialandliteraryinfluences.Theychallengedexistingpopmusicconventionsandappealedtothegrowingcounterculture.Hisrecordingcareer,spanningmorethan50years,hasexploredthetraditionsinAmericansong,fromfolk,blues,andcountrytorock’n’roll,andtoEnglish,Scottish,andIrishfolkmusic,evenjazzandtheGreatAmericanSongbook.Hehastouredsteadilysincethelate1980sonwhathasbeencalledtheNeverEndingTour.Hisaccomplishmentsasarecordingartistandperformerhavebeencentraltohiscareer,butsongwritingisconsideredhisgreatestcontribution.Asamusician,Dylanhassoldmorethan100millionrecords,makinghimoneofthebestsellingartistsofalltime.HehasalsoreceivednumerousawardsincludingelevenGrammyAwards,aGoldenGlobeAward,andanAcademyAward.ThePulitzerPrizejuryin2008awardedhimaspecialcitation(引言)forhisinfluenceonpopularmusicandAmericanculture,markedbylyricalcompositionsofextraordinarypoeticpower.InMay2012,DylanreceivedthePresidentialMedalofFreedomfromPresidentBarackObama.In2016,DylanreceivedtheNobelPrizeinLiterature“forhavingcreatednewpoeticexpressionswithinthegreatAmericansongtradition”．【解题导语】鲍勃·迪伦因为“在美国歌曲传统形式之上开创了以诗歌传情达意的新表现手法”而获得诺贝尔文学奖。文章介绍了他的作品以及他对流行音乐和美国文化的影响。5．WhichwordbestdescribesDylan’smusicaccordingtoParagraph2?A．Various. B．Talented.C．Personal. D．Popular.A解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的第一句以及下文中的“...hasexploredthetraditionsinAmericansong,fromfolk,blues,andcountrytorock’n’roll,andtoEnglish,Scottish,andIrishfolkmusic,evenjazzandtheGreatAmericanSongbook.”可知，他的音乐作品涉及政治、社会和文学；他探索了美国歌曲的传统，从民谣、蓝调、乡村音乐、摇滚到英格兰、苏格兰和爱尔兰民间音乐，甚至还有爵士乐和《美国流行金曲簿》。由此可知，他的作品风格多种多样。故选A项。6．WhatisDylanbetterrecognizedas?A．Aperformer. B．Asinger.C．Anartist. D．Asongwriter.D解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的最后一句可知，虽然歌手和演员一直是他的主要职业，但是他最伟大的贡献却是歌曲创作。故选D项。7．WhatmadeDylangettheNobelPrize?A．Hispoemsaboutmusic.B．HisAmericansongtradition.C．Hislanguagestyleofthesongs.D．HisinfluenceonAmericaculture.C解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的最后一句可知，他是因为“在美国歌曲传统形式之上开创了以诗歌传情达意的新表现手法”而获得了诺贝尔文学奖。故选C项。C(2019·济南模拟)Tea,themosttypicalEnglishdrink,becameestablishedinBritainbecauseoftheinfluenceofaforeignprincess,CatherineofBraganza,thequeenofCharlesⅡ.AsaloverofteasinceherchildhoodinPortugal,shebroughttea­drinkingtotheEnglishroyalcourtandsetatrendforthe__beverageinthe17thcentury.Thefashionsoonspreadbeyondthecircleofthenobilitytothemiddleclasses,andteabecameapopulardrinkattheLondoncoffeehouseswherepeoplemettodobusinessanddiscusseventsoftheday.Manyemployersservedacupofteatotheirworkersinthemiddleofthemorning,thusinventingalastingBritishinstitution,the“teabreak”．However,drinkingteainsocialsettingsoutsidetheworkplacewasbeyondthemeansofthemajorityofBritishpeople.Itcamewithahighpricetagandteawastaxedaswell.Around1800,theseventhDuchessofBedford,AnnaMariaRussell,beganthepopularpracticeof“afternoontea”，aceremonytakingplaceataboutfouro’clock.Untilthen,peopledidnotusuallyeatordrinkanythingbetweenlunchanddinner.Atapproximatelythesametime,theEarlofSandwichpopularizedanewwayofeatingbread—inthinslices,withsomethinglikejamorcucumbersbetweenthem.Beforelong,asmallmealattheendoftheafternoon,involvingteaandsandwiches,becamepartoftheBritishwayoflife.Asteabecamemuchcheaperduringthe19thcentury,itspopularityspreadrightthroughallcornersoftheBritishsociety.Thus,teabecameBritain’sfavoritedrink.Inworking­classhouseholds,itwasservedwiththemainmealoftheday,eatenwhenworkersreturnedhomeafteraday’slabor.Thismealhasbecomeknownas“hightea”．Today,teacanbedrunkatanytimeoftheday,andaccountsforovertwo­fifthsofalldrinksconsumedinBritain—withtheexceptionofwater.【解题导语】本文介绍了茶在英国的发展历史及其受欢迎的原因。8．Whatismainlydiscussedaboutteainthetext?A．ItsdevelopmentinBritain.B．Itstraditionalwaysofdrinking.C．Itsinfluencearoundtheworld.D．ItspopularityinEurope.A解析：主旨大意题。根据文章第一段中的“inthe17thcentury”、第二段中的“Around1800”及第三段中的“duringthe19thcentury”可知，本文主要介绍了茶在英国的发展。故选A项。9．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“thebeverage”probablyreferto?A．Teadrinking.B．Asmallmeal.C．Awayofeatingbread.D．Achoiceofdrinks.A解析：词义猜测题。根据文中的“shebroughttea­drinkingtotheEnglishroyalcourtandsetatrendforthe__beverage”可知，她把喝茶的习惯带到了英国皇室并开启了英国人喝茶的潮流，故选A项。10．WhywasteaunabletobeacceptedasacommondrinkinBritaininthe17thcentury?A．ItwasmerelyservedinLondon.B．Itwastaxedasanalcoholicdrink.C．Itwasforbiddeninbusinesssettings.D．Itwastooexpensiveformostpeople.D解析：细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“However,drinkingteainsocialsettingsoutsidetheworkplacewasbeyondthemeansofthemajorityofBritishpeople.Itcamewithahighpricetagandteawastaxedaswell.”可知，17世纪，在英国茶不能作为一种普遍的饮料的原因是对大多数英国人来说，它的价格高并被征税。故选D项。11．Howisthetextorganized?A．Bycauseandeffect.B．Bycomparison.C．Intimeorder.D．Infrequencyorder.C解析：细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“inthe17thcentury”、第二段中的“Around1800”及第三段中的“duringthe19thcentury”可知，文章是按照时间顺序来组织的。故选C项。D(2019·长沙高中毕业生联考)Ifyou’relookingforinformationyoucantrustaboutkidsandteens,you’vecometotherightplace.KidsHealthisthemost－visitedwebsiteforinformationabouthealth,behavior,anddevelopmentfrombeforebirththroughtheteenyears.Onatypicalweekday,KidsHealthgetsasmanyasamillionvisits.OneofthethingsthatmakeKidsHealthspecialisthatit’sreallyfoursitesinone:withsectionsforparents,forkids,forteens,andforeducators.KidsHealthismorethanjustthefactsabouthealth.Italsoprovidesfamilieswithadviceaboutawiderangeofproblemsthataffectchildrenandteens.Todothis,oureditorialstaffalwayscommunicatescomplexmedicalinformationinlanguagethatreaderscanunderstandanduse.AndallKidsHealtharticles,games,andothercontentgothrougharigorousmedicalreviewbymedicalexpertstoensurethattheinformationisasreliableandup－to－dateaspossible.Alongtheway,KidsHealthhasreceiveditsshareofrecognition,includingfourWebbyAwards(BestFamily/ParentingSiteandBestHealthSiteontheWeb),theParent’sChoiceGoldAward,theTeacher’sChoiceAwardforFamily,andtheInternationalPirelliAwardforbesteducationalmediaforstudents.KidsHealthcannottaketheplaceofanin－personvisitwithadoctor,whocanperformexaminationsandanswerquestions.Butweworkwithfoundationsandothergroupsthatsupportourgoal：helpingwiththehealthygrowthoffamilies.TheyhelptofundadditionalKidsHealtheducationalprogramsandinspirefamiliestomakethebestchoicespossible.Wewelcomeyoutojoinusinsupportingfamilies.WedependonourmillionsofvisitorstoletusknowtheirthoughtsaboutKidsHealth,howwe’vebeenhelpful,andwayswecanimprovethesite.Ifyouhaveacorrectiontorequest,pleasesendthatalong,too.Iguaranteewe’lllisten.【解题导语】本文主要介绍了KidsHealth网站的相关信息。12．What’sthetextmainlyintendedfor?A．Introducingawebsite.B．Advertisingforvisitors.C．Appealingforsponsorship.D．Drawingattentiontokids’health.A解析：写作意图题。文章第一段已经点明主题，再结合全文的整体内容可知，本文主要是介绍一家网站的，故选A。13．Whichofthefollowingwordscanreplacetheunderlinedword“rigorous”inParagraph3?A．unnecessary B．strictC．casual D．potentialB解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句中的“reviewbymedicalexpertstoensurethattheinformationisasreliableandup－to－dateaspossible”可知，该网站上的所有文章、游戏和其他内容都要经过专家的严格审查，以确保其可靠性，画线词表示“严格的”，故选B。14．WhatdoesParagraph4mainlytalkabout?A．ThehugereliabilityofKidsHealth.B．ThewidepopularityofKidsHealth.C．TheeducationalroleofKidsHealth.D．ThegreatachievementsofKidsHealth.D解析：段落大意题。根据第四段的“KidsHealthhasreceiveditsshareofrecognition”并结合整段内容可知，该网站得到了广泛认可，获得了一些奖项，即取得了巨大成就，故选D。15．WhatcanweknowaboutKidsHealthfromthetext?A．Itisnotintendedforadults.B．Itshowsonlyhealth­relatedfacts.C．Itaimsathelpingfamiliesgrowuphealthily.D．Itscontentsaresometimesdifficulttounderstand.C解析：细节理解题。根据文章第五段第二句“Butweworkwithfoundationsandothergroupsthatsupportourgoal:helpingwiththehealthygrowthoffamilies.”可知，KidsHealth网站的宗旨是帮助家庭健康成长，故选C。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)七选五(2019·陕西部分学校第一学期摸底检测)AreYourClothesCausingPollution?Verysmallpiecesofplastic,calledmicrofiber,arepollutingriversandoceans.1.________Clotheswornforoutdooractivitiesandexerciseareoftenmadeofartificialmaterials,whichareusefulinkeepingwarm.Buttheycontainverysmallplasticfibers,whichmayalsobeharmingtheenvironmentwhenyouwashthem.Whenpeoplewashtheseclothes,verysmallpiecesgodownthedrain(下水道)withthewashwater.2．________Pollutioncausedbyplasticisnotnew,butrecentstudieshaveshowntheeffectofmicrofiberontheenvironment.Studiesshowmicrofiberisendingupinourwaters,whichmaycomefromwastewatertreatmentfactories.A2015studyfounditinfishfromCalifornia.Microfiber’seffectonfoodsupplies.Beyondthewaterways,theresearcherssaymicrofibermayendupinsoilandagriculturallands.3.________Thismeansthereismuchtobelearnedaboutmicrofiberandtheenvironment.Somestudieshaveshownthatmicrofiberendsupinsideseaanimals,likeoysters.4.________Researcherssaythatthefiberstendnottomoveintothetissueofthefish,butitneedsmorestudy.Stepstokeepmicrofiberfromtheenvironment.Untilmoreinformationbecomesknown,therearestepstotaketoreducetheamountofmicrofiberintheenvironment.Peopleshoulduselessoftheartificialmaterials.Ifwealreadyhavethoseinourlivesandwe’reusingthem,animportantstepwouldbewashingthemless.5．________Abagisbeingdesignedinwhichyoucanwashtheseclothes.Thebagtrapsthemicrofiberinitanditmaybeavailableforpurchasesoon.A．Newtechnologymayalsohelp.B．Studiesonhowmuchofthemicrofiberarereleased.C．Thesourceofthemicrofibermaysurpriseyou:yourclothes.D．Washingmachineskeepmicrofiberfromescapingwithwashwater.E．Studiesonmicrofiberintheenvironment.F．Itcanalsomovearoundtheatmosphere.G．Soifmicrofiberhasbeenfoundinfishandseafood,aretheysafetoeat?【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了微纤维的来源、微纤维对环境以及食物供应的影响和减少微纤维进入环境的措施。1．C解析：由文章标题“AreYourClothesCausingPollution？”可知，本文与衣服导致污染有关，并结合下文可知，造成污染的微纤维来自于有些用人工材料制成的衣服，故C项符合语境。2．E解析：根据文章结构可知，空处为该部分小标题。空后的段落主要讲的是微纤维对环境的影响，故E项符合语境。3．F解析：结合空前一句中的“thewaterways”和“insoilandagriculturallands”可知，研究人员认为微纤维可能扩散到水道、土壤和农田中，故F项“它也能在大气中移动”符合语境。4．G解析：空前一句中的“seaanimals,likeoysters”与G项中的“fishandseafood”相呼应，故G项符合语境。5．A解析：空后一句中的“Abagisbeingdesigned”正是A项中的“Newtechnology”，故A项符合语境。语言知识与写作规范练eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)完形填空(2019·长沙模拟)Therewasonceawidowwhohadtwodaughters.The__1__widowlovedtheelderwhowaslikeherselfbothinlooksandpersonality,butdidn’tlovetheother,whoresembledher__2__，althoughshewasprettyandfriendly.Theyoungerdaughterhadto__3__hardalldayandliveupontheleftoversofhereldersister.Amongherother__4__jobs,shewasforcedtocarrywatereveryday__5__．Oneday__6__shehadjustfilledherpotatthefountain,anoldtremblingwomanaskedherforadrinkofwater.Gladtoshowakindnesstotheoldwoman,she__7__．Now,allofasudden,therewasnooldtremblingwomanbuta(n)__8__whorewardedgooddeedsbeforeher.“Yourfaceispretty__9__yourheartisgentle，”shesaid.“Foryourkindness,Iwillmakeyouagift.Everytimeyouspeak,fromyourmouthshallcomeaflowerorajewel.”Whenthegirlreachedhome,herillmother__10__herforherlongabsence.“Pardonmeforbeingawaysolong，”shereplied.Asshespokesomepearlsanddiamondsdroppedfromher__11__．“WhatisthisIsee,child？”askedthe__12__widow.Thepoorgirlwassohappytobe__13__childbyhermotherthatsheeagerlytoldhermotherabouther__14__withtheoldwomanatthefountain.Thewidowimmediately__15__herfavoritedaughtertodoasthe__16__girlhaddone.Whentheimpatientgirlwasfillingthepotwithwateratthe__17__，abeautifulladyappearedand__18__adrinkofwaterfromthegirl.“Ihavenotcomeheretoserveyou,”she__19__replied.Thelady,whowasthefairy,said，“Iwillmakeyouagiftto__20__yourrudeness.Everytimeyouspeak，fromyourmouthshallcomeasnakeoratoad(蟾蜍)．”【解题导语】本文主要讲述了两个性格和外表不同的姐妹对给予他人帮助的不同反应及她们得到的相应的结果，彰显了善有善报的道理。1．A.good­tempered B．bad­temperedC．kind D．beautifulB解析：根据下文中的“herillmother”并结合下文她训斥小女儿可推知，她脾气不好。2．A.daughter B．teacherC．mother D．fatherD解析：根据语境中的转折可知，此处与“herself”形成对比。小女儿不像她而是像父亲。3．A.complain B．playC．work D．studyC解析：根据下文中的“Amongherother______jobs,shewasforcedtocarrywatereveryday______．”并结合“liveupontheleftoversofhereldersister”可推知，小女儿整天要做许多工作，靠吃姐姐的剩饭菜生活。4．A.easy B．hardC．interesting D．boringB解析：根据上文中的“Theyoungerdaughterhadto______hardallday”可推知，小女儿的工作都很辛苦，很累人。5．A.withinreach B．witheaseC．withouthesitation D．fromagreatdistanceD解析：根据本段的整体内容可知，小女儿过得很艰难。由“shewasforcedtocarrywatereveryday”可推知，小女儿还得每天从很远的地方挑水，这与其艰难的生活境况呼应。6．A.when B．whileC．once D．beforeA解析：此处应用when引导定语从句，在从句中作时间状语，修饰先行词Oneday。7．A.hesitated B．agreedC．left D．arguedB解析：根据空前的“Gladtoshowakindnesstotheoldwoman”可推知，小女儿答应了老妇人的请求。8．A.boy B．oldwomanC．oldman D．fairyD解析：根据下文的“Thelady,whowasthefairy”可推知，老妇人是仙女变过来的。9．A.although B．butC．while D．andD解析：根据语境可知，空处前后句表示逻辑上的并列关系，故选D。10．A.scolded B．praisedC．thanked D．forgaveA解析：与“herillmother”和“herlongabsence”呼应并结合下文小女儿的道歉可知，此处表示小女儿受到母亲的训斥。11．A.waist B．hairC．lips D．handsC解析：根据上文中的“Everytimeyouspeak,fromyourmouthshallcomeaflowerorajewel.”可知，小女儿以后说话会口吐花儿或者宝石，故选C。lip“嘴唇”，符合语境。12．A.amused B．interestedC．astonished D．frightenedC解析：小女儿突然口吐珍珠和宝石，她的母亲自然很吃惊。astonished“吃惊的”。13．A.awarded B．calledC．showed D．taughtB解析：根据上文中的“WhatisthisIsee,child？”可推知，寡妇很震惊，对小女儿的态度突然转变，柔和了很多，称她为“孩子”。14．A.difficulty B．thoughtC．experiment D．experienceD解析：小女儿迫切地将自己遇到仙女的经历告诉了母亲。experience“经历”。15．A.advised B．gotC．forced D．invitedB解析：getsb.todosth.意为“让某人做某事”，符合语境。16．A.slim B．tallC．elder D．poorD解析：与上文中的“Thepoorgirl”呼应可推知，这里指可怜的小女儿。17．A.river B．poolC．fountain D．wellC解析：与上文中的“Oneday______shehadjustfilledherpotatthefountain”呼应可推知，大女儿也来到喷泉那里。18．A.askedfor B．askedofC．askedabout D．askedafterA解析：与上文中的“anoldtremblingwomanaskedherforadrinkofwater”呼应可推知，一个漂亮的女士向大女儿讨水喝。19．A.rudely B．jokinglyC．proudly D．hurriedlyA解析：与下文中的“yourrudeness”呼应可推知，当时大女儿举止很粗鲁，与上文的“theimpatientgirl”呼应，故选A。20．A.deserve B．faceC．equal D．repayC解析：结合语境可知，此处表示仙女要送给大女儿一份与她的粗鲁相匹配的礼物。equal“比得上”。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)语法填空(2019·江西赣中南五校高三第一次联考)TheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)hasmadeanappealtoscientists，drugmanufacturersandgovernments.TheWHOwantsthemtoworktogether1.____________(develop)drugstofight12bacteria.Thesebacteria2.____________(be)abletoresist3.____________(power)antibiotic(抗生素)drugs.Theresistanceissounusuallystrongthatallthe12bacteriahavebeengivenaspecialname“superbug”．TheUnitedNationsagencyreportedthisweekthe12superbugsareathreattohuman4.____________(healthy)．Itsaidtheyhave5.____________abilitytoeasilyturntreatableinfectionsintokillers.TheWHOsayssuperbugscanalsopassalonggeneticmaterial6.____________helpsotherbacteriabecomeresistanttodrugtreatment.Marie­PauleKienyistheAssistantDirector­GeneralattheWHO.Shesaid，“Antibioticresistanceisgrowingandwearefastrunningout7.____________treatmentoptions.”Sheurgedgovernmentstogivedrugcompaniesreasonstodevelopnewtreatments.“Ifweleaveittomarketforcesalone，thenewantibioticswemost8.____________(urgent)needarenotgoingtobedevelopedintime，”shesaid.Antibioticdrugscanlosetheireffectivenesswhenpeopletakemoreorlessthantheamount9.____________(require)bydoctors.Whenthishappens，infectionsthat10.____________(treat)atonetimeeasilybecomeresistant.【解题导语】本文主要讲述了世界卫生组织呼吁开发新的药物，以应对超级病菌对人类健康的威胁。1．todevelop解析：考查非谓语动词。此处是不定式作目的状语，故填todevelop。2．are解析：考查动词时态。此处表示客观的陈述，故用一般现在时；结合空前的“Thesebacteria”可知，应填are。3．powerful解析：考查形容词。此处应用形容词作定语修饰名词短语，故填形容词powerful。4．health解析：考查名词。介词后跟名词、代词或动词­ing形式作宾语。humanhealth意为“人类健康”，作介词to的宾语。5．the解析：考查冠词。ability被不定式短语“toeasilyturntreatableinfectionsintokillers”所修饰，表示特指，故用定冠词the修饰。6．that/which解析：考查定语从句。that/which引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰先行词geneticmaterial。7．of解析：考查介词。固定搭配runoutof意为“用完”，故填介词of。8．urgently解析：考查副词。副词修饰动词、形容词、副词或句子。故此处应用副词urgently修饰动词need。9．required解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，require和amount之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。10．weretreated解析：考查动词时态和语态。根据时间状语“atonetime”可知，treat所表示的动作发生在过去，且动词treat和infections是被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅲ)短文改错(2019·辽宁五校协作体高三上学期联合模拟)Challengesoflifeareofgreatimportanceinourgrow.TheyremindmemydaysinseniorhighschoolwhichIjoinedinthemilitarytraining.ItwasthefirsttimeIhavelivedawayfrommyhome，soIfounditdifficulttofitin.Andthetrainingofficerwasstrictinme.IoncethoughtIcouldn’tsticktotheend.Butanyway，Iwassucceeded.Thetrialsmadeitmucheasyformetoadapttolife，butthedifficultiesIcameacrosshavenowbecomeapreciousmemoryinmylife.Inshort,learningtoregardthechallengesoflifeasthesteppingstonetofuturesuccessand