2024届重庆市乌江新高考协作体高三上学期第一次联合调研抽测（一模）英语试题（解析版）

2023-2024学年高考第一次联合调研抽测高三英语试题（分数：150分，时间：120分钟）第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题：每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C。1.HowmuchdidTonypayforthebook?A.$6.B.$12.C.$18.2.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Somestudents.B.Ateacher.C.Teachingmethods.3.WhatkindofweatherisnormalinMarch?A.Thehotweather.B.Thedryweather.C.Thecoolweather.4.Wherearethespeakers?A.Inalibrary.B.Inabookstore.C.Intheclassroom.5.WhydoesMichaeltakeexercise?A.Togetstronger.B.Toloseweight.C.Torelaxhimself.第二节（共15小题：每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段对话，回答第6至第7两个小题。6.Whyisthemanupset?A.Hehastofixhiscar.B.Heisshortofmoney.C.Hehasbeentoobusywithwork.7.Whenwillthespeakersmeet?A.At4:00p.m.B.At12:30p.m.C.At12:00p.m.听下面一段对话，回答第8至第10三个小题。8.Whatdidthemandojustnow?A.Hehadahistorylesson.B.Heplayedagame.C.Hevisitedhiscousins.9.Whatmakesthemansurprised?A.HiscousinsallhavetheirowniPad.B.Hiscousinsusevideogamestolearn.C.Hiscousinsknowlittleabouthistory.10.Whatisthewomanworriedaboutthekidsatschool?A.Theyignoretheirtextbooks.B.Theyplaygamesintheclassroom.C.Theygiveprioritytofunoverlearning.听下面一段对话，回答第11至第13三个小题。11.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Havinggueststhisweekend.B.Goingoutforsightseeing.C.Movingintoanewhouse.12.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Neighbors.B.Husbandandwife.C.Closefriends.13.Whatwillthemandotomorrow?A.Writeanemail.B.Haveabarbecue.C.Dosomeshopping.听下面一段对话，回答第14至第16三个小题。14.Whatdoesthemanthinkoftheapartment?AIt'sbright,modernandverylarge.B.It'sinacrowdedandnoisyplace.C.It'salittlefarawayfromhisschool.15.Howwillthemangotoschooleveryday?A.Bybike.B.Bybus.C.Onfoot.16.Howmuchdoesthemanpayifhepaysatthebeginningofeachmonth?A.$675.B.$750.C.$825.听下面一段独白，回答第17至第20四个小题。17.WhatwillRobertdointheclub?A.Trainthesoccerplayers.B.Holdallthemeetings.C.Collectfeesfrommembers.18.Whydoestheclubneedthefeesbadly?A.Toattractmorestudents.B.Toopenanotherclub.C.Tobuynewequipment.19.HowlonghasJasonworkedastheheadcoach?A.Fortwoyears.B.Forfiveyears.C.Fortenyears.20Whatisthetalkmainlyabout?A.Waystojointhesoccerclub.B.Classesopenedforthisseason.C.Detailsofthreeclubleadingmembers.第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题：每小题1.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AIfyouhaveeverlosttouchwitholdschoolfriends,youmayfindyourselfwantingtomakecontactagain.Someteensfindthatcertainschoolfriendsareworthkeepingcontactwithandwanttokeepthefriendshipgoingstrong.HangoutatthesameplacesOnewayyoucangettogetherwitholdfriendsfromyourschoolistogotothesameplacesthattheygoto.Ifyoustillgotoschooltogether,youprobablyknowwhereeveryonegoesontheweekends.Ifyouareabletogotheretoo,youmayfindthatyourrelationshipswithyouroldschoolfriendsstartupagain.SportsteamsIfyouareathleticandyourformerfriendsaretoo,joiningschoolsportsteamsisagreatwaytocatchupwitholdfriends.Thisdoesn’tmeanthatyoushouldjoinasportwhichyoudonotlikejustsoyoucanseeyouroldfriends.However,ifyoulikesports,wishtojoinateamandyourformerfriendsareonthatteam,andthenplayingtheteamsportsisagreatwaytogettoknowthemagain.TakepartinschoolclubsThereareoftenalotofschoolclubsinwhichteensparticipate.Dependingonyourinterestsandyourformerfriends’interests,youmayjustfindaclubatschool.Sharingacommoninterestsuchasaclubactivitywillhelpyoutohavesomethingincommonandsomethingtotalkabout.1.Youcangettogetherwitholdfriendsby.A.joiningthedanceclubsB.havingdinnerwiththemC.goingtotheplaceswheretheygoD.goingshoppingwiththemeveryday2.Fromthethirdparagraphwecanlearnthat.A.playingsportshelpsyougetyouroldfriendsagainB.youhavetoplayasporttomakemorefriendsC.teamsportsareinterestingactivitiesatschoolD.youhavetoplaythesportyourfriendslike3.Whydidthewriterwritethistext?ATotellahobby.B.Tosharesameinterests.C.Tojoinclubs.D.Tocontactoldfriends.【答案】1.C2.A3.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一些可以重新与老朋友建立联系的建议。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据Hangoutatthesameplaces中“Onewayyoucangettogetherwitholdfriendsfromyourschoolistogotothesameplacesthattheygoto.(有一种方法可以让你和学校的老朋友聚在一起，那就是去他们常去的地方)”可知，你可以去老朋友去的地方和他们聚在一起。故选C项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据Sportsteams中“Ifyouareathleticandyourformerfriendsaretoo,joiningschoolsportsteamsisagreatwaytocatchupwitholdfriends.(如果你擅长运动，你以前的朋友也是，加入学校的运动队是一个很好的与老朋友见面的方式)”可知，参加体育运动可以帮助再次见到你的老朋友。故选A项。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Ifyouhaveeverlosttouchwitholdschoolfriends,youmayfindyourselfwantingtomakecontactagain.Someteensfindthatcertainschoolfriendsareworthkeepingcontactwithandwanttokeepthefriendshipgoingstrong.(如果你曾经与老同学失去联系，你可能会发现自己想要再次联系。一些青少年发现，某些学校的朋友是值得保持联系，并希望保持友谊牢固)”，以及下文给出的重新与老朋友建立联系的建议可推知，文章是为想要再次联系老朋友的读者提供方法，让他们成功联系上老朋友。故选D项。BAfamouscompany’sleaderbelievesthere’sonlyonewaytoknowifyoutrulyunderstandasubject:Canyouexplainittoachild?Butthemanwithlifelongloveofmathrecentlyfounditdidn’talwaysgowellwhenhetriedexplainingmathematicalconcepts(概念)tohisthen-school-agedchildren.Hethinksthatlearningwithkidstoseewhat’spuzzlingtothemandwhat’seasyforthemarethefinaltestofwhetheryouknowatopic—whetheryoucanexplainit.Teachersoftenaskstudentstogiveastatementonasubjecttoshowthattheyunderstandit.Studiesshowthatpeoplearemorelikelytorememberandunderstandconceptsthey’velearnedafterexplainingthemtosomeoneelseoreventothemselves.Thatmeansyoucantestyourownknowledgeinasubjectsimplybytryingtoteachittoafriend,toseebothhowmuchinformationyou’vekeptandhowwellyouactuallyunderstanditsconcepts.Iftheysuccessfullylearnfromyou,it’sagoodsignthatyou’reontherighttrack.Theleader,whostudiedmathandcomputerscienceatuniversity,notedthatwhilehewaspersonallygoodatmathasahighschoolstudent,hehadtroublepassingthatenthusiasm(热情)tohisthreekids.Helovesdoingmath,butinthepasthisyoungerdaughterwouldalwayssaythathemadeitsocomplicated(复杂的)andhedidn’tneedtoexplainthistoher.Becauseshejustwantedtoknowtheanswer.Today,histhreechildrenareallintheir20s.Whiletheymaynothaveenjoyedthemathlessons,hesaysthatoneofhisfavoritethingsisteachingcalculus(微积分)tothekids.Thereareafewverydifficultconceptsincalculus.Hemustexplainwhycalculusissoimportantandwhycalculushasthosefunnysymbols.It’scrazyandit’sprobablythethingheenjoysthemost.4.Whathappenedtotheleaderrecently?A.HeexplainedChinesewell.B.Hedevelopedhislifelongloveofmath.C.Hemetachallengeinplayingwithhiskids.D.Hehadtroubleexplainingmathematicalconceptstohiskids.5.Whatdoestheauthorencouragepeopletodoinparagraph3?A.Communicatewithothersactively.B.Buildrelationshipwithothers.C.Managetodescribethemselves.D.Knowabouttheirownlearningbyteachingothers.6.Whatdidtheleader’syoungerdaughtercareabout?A.Describinganexample. B.Learningwithherfather.C.Gettingthefinalanswer. D.Keepingenthusiasmhigh.7.Whatdoestheleaderthinkofhisteachingcalculustohischildren?AItbringshimhappiness. B.Ithelpshiskidsgrow.C.Itgiveshimalesson. D.Itimproveshismaths.【答案】4.D5.D6.C7.A【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。文章通过一个著名公司的领导人的想法：想要理解一个科目，就把介绍给孩子们，解释了人们在向别人甚至自己解释后，更有可能记住和理解他们所学到的概念。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段的“Butthemanwithlifelongloveofmathrecentlyfounditdidn’talwaysgowellwhenhetriedexplainingmathematicalconcepts(概念)tohisthen-school-agedchildren.(但这位毕生热爱数学的人最近发现，当他试图向当时还在上学的孩子们解释数学概念时，并不总是很顺利。)”可知，这位领导发现他很难向孩子们解释数学概念。故选D。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段内容“Studiesshowthatpeoplearemorelikelytorememberandunderstandconceptsthey’velearnedafterexplainingthemtosomeoneelseoreventothemselves.Thatmeansyoucantestyourownknowledgeinasubjectsimplybytryingtoteachittoafriend,toseebothhowmuchinformationyou’vekeptandhowwellyouactuallyunderstanditsconcepts.Iftheysuccessfullylearnfromyou,it’sagoodsignthatyou’reontherighttrack.(研究表明，人们在向别人甚至自己解释后，更有可能记住和理解他们所学到的概念。这意味着你可以通过简单地把某一学科的知识教给朋友来测试你自己的知识，看看你掌握了多少信息，以及你对概念的实际理解程度。如果他们成功地向你学习，这是一个好迹象，表明你走在正确的道路上。)”可知，作者鼓励通过教别人了解自己的学习。故选D。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“Helovesdoingmath,butinthepasthisyoungerdaughterwouldalwayssaythathemadeitsocomplicated(复杂的)andhedidn’tneedtoexplainthistoher.Becauseshejustwantedtoknowtheanswer.(他喜欢做数学，但在过去，他的小女儿总是说他把数学弄得那么复杂，他不需要向她解释。因为她只是想知道答案。)”可知，作者的小女儿在乎的只是最终的答案。故选C。【7题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段的“hesaysthatoneofhisfavoritethingsisteachingcalculus(微积分)tothekids.Thereareafewverydifficultconceptsincalculus.Hemustexplainwhycalculusissoimportantandwhycalculushasthosefunnysymbols.It’scrazyandit’sprobablythethingheenjoysthemost.(他说他最喜欢的事情之一就是教孩子们微积分。微积分中有几个非常难的概念。他必须解释为什么微积分如此重要，为什么微积分有那些有趣的符号。这太疯狂了，这可能是他最喜欢的事情。)”可知，这个领导人认为教孩子们微积分给他带来快乐。故选A。COneoverlookedbenefitoflab-grownfoodisthatitmayhelptheUKdealwiththecrisisinhousingaffordability.Asfarmingisreplacedbyprecisionfermentation(发酵),thesignificantamountoflandcurrentlyusedforlivestockfarming(includingpartsofthegreenbelt)willbefreedupfordevelopmentinplacesthatpeopleactuallywanttolive.However,we’dtakeadifferentlessonfromthepromiseoflab-grownmeat.Free-marketenvironmentalismandharnessingthepowerofinnovativetechnologies—supportedbymarket-basedmeasureslikeaborder-adjustedcarbontax—cansuccessfullytackletheproblemofman-madeclimatechangewithoutfundamentallyuprootingthewaywerunsociety.Savingtheplanetdoesn’thavetocostustheearth.Itisimportanttoacknowledgethatcertaintypesoflivestockfarmingmayhaveissueswithsustainabilityandclimatechange.Butitisnottrueofallfarmingsystems;andtheissuesthatdoexistarebeingdealtwithusingthelatestresearchintogeneticsandbiotechnology-forexample,recentresearchhasshownthatcertaintypesofseaweedcanreducemethaneemissionsfromcattletoclosetozero.Farmerdataalsoshowsthatincreasedsalesofmilkshavenotseenacorrespondingreductionindairysales.Theglobalfoodsystem,consumerchoicesandclimatechangeareincrediblycomplexissues,andanyonewhoproposessimplesolutionsisalmostcertainlynotinpossessionofalltherelevantfactsanddata.Livestockareanimportantpartofhumanity’sfuturefoodneeds.8.Whydoeslab-grownfoodhelpBritaintosolvethehousingaffordabilitycrisis?A.Asfarmingisreplacedbyprecisionfermentation,thelevelofagriculturaldevelopmentisimproved.B.Thesignificantamountofgreenbeltsareusedfordevelopmentinplacesthatpeopleactuallywanttolive.C.Lab-grownfoodismoreenvironmentallyfriendlyandbeneficialtohumanhealth.D.Alargeamountoflandusedforlivestockfarmingwillbefreedupforresidence.9.Whatlessonshavelearnedfromthepromiseoflab-grownmeat?A.Free-marketenvironmentalismcanchangethewaysocietyoperates.B.Adjustingcarbontaxcansuccessfullysolvetheproblemofclimatechange.C.Adoptingthepowerofinnovativetechnologiesisusefulforsavingtheearth.D.Savingtheearthrequireschangingthewaysocietyoperates.10.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“harnessing”underlinedinparagraph2?A.obtain B.exploit C.inherit D.develop11.Itcanbeinferredfromthispassagethat.A.globalfoodissueissocomplexthattherearenocompleteresearchdata.B.sustainabilityandclimatechangearecommonproblemsinagriculturalsystems.C.somekindsofseaweedcanmaketheamountofmethaneemittedbycattleineffective.D.thesalesofsubstitutedairyproductsincreased,andthesalesofdairyproductsdecreasedaccordingly.【答案】8.D9.C10.B11.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。实验室培育的食品可能有助于解决英国住房负担能力危机，但并非所有的养殖系统都存在可持续性和气候变化问题，有人提出的简单解决方案可能并不全面，牲畜是人类未来食物需求的重要组成部分。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Asfarmingisreplacedbyprecisionfermentation(发酵),thesignificantamountoflandcurrentlyusedforlivestockfarming(includingpartsofthegreenbelt)willbefreedupfordevelopmentinplacesthatpeopleactuallywanttolive.(随着农业被精确发酵所取代，目前用于畜牧业的大量土地(包括部分绿化带)将被腾出来，用于人们真正想要居住的地方的发展。)”可知，因为实验室可种植食物，原来用于畜牧业的大量土地将被腾出来开发人们真正想要居住的地方，进而帮助英国解决住房负担能力危机。故选D。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Free-marketenvironmentalismandharnessingthepowerofinnovativetechnologies—supportedbymarket-basedmeasureslikeaborder-adjustedcarbontax—cansuccessfullytackletheproblemofman-madeclimatechangewithoutfundamentallyuprootingthewaywerunsociety.(自由市场的环保主义和利用创新技术的力量——由边境调整碳税等基于市场的措施支持——可以成功地解决人为气候变化的问题，而不会从根本上根除我们运行社会的方式。)”可知，自由市场环境保护主义和通过基于市场的方式利用创新技术，能够在不颠覆社会运行方式下拯救地球。故选C。【10题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词后半句“—supportedbymarket-basedmeasureslikeaborder-adjustedcarbontax—cansuccessfullytackletheproblemofman-madeclimatechangewithoutfundamentallyuprootingthewaywerunsociety.(——由边境调整碳税等基于市场的措施支持——可以成功地解决人为气候变化的问题，而不会从根本上根除我们运行社会的方式。)”可以推断出，成功解决人为造成的气候变化问题，需要对科学技术的力量加以“利用”。选项A意为“获得”；B意为“利用”；C意为“继承”；D意为“开发”。故选B。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Theglobalfoodsystem,consumerchoicesandclimatechangeareincrediblycomplexissues,andanyonewhoproposessimplesolutionsisalmostcertainlynotinpossessionofalltherelevantfactsanddata.(全球食品系统、消费者选择和气候变化都是非常复杂的问题，任何提出简单解决方案的人几乎肯定没有掌握所有相关的事实和数据。)”可知，全球食品问题非常复杂，没有完整的研究数据。故选A。DInJuly1915,severelytorturedbyhispoorhealth,JamesMurray,oneoftheearlyeditorsoftheOxfordEnglishDictionary(OED),definedonefinalword.Afterhis36years’dedicationtothedictionary,hishardlabourhadtakenatoll,knowinghewouldnotseetheprojectcomplete.ThepoeticqualityofMurray’sfinaldaysisoneofthemanymemorabletalesinTheDictionaryPeople.Beginningin1857,theOEDwasahugecrowdsourcingproject-“theWikipediaofthe19thcentury”-comprising3,000people.Theideawastocreatea“descriptive”dictionarythattrackedwords’useandmeaningovertime,unlikeits“prescriptive”18th-centurypredecessorbySamuelJohnson,whichtoldreadershowtosayandusewords.Volunteersreadwidely,mailinginexamplesofhow“rare,old-fashioned,new,strange”wordswereused.Whatissurprisingaboutthisfairlyrandommethodisthatitworked.TheoriginstoryofSarahOgilvie’sbookisalmostasimprobableasthatofthedictionaryitself.MsOgilvie,aformerscholarwhoservedasaneditorfortheOED,wentintothedocumentsofOxfordUniversityPressandcameacrossanoldnotebook.IthadbelongedtoMurrayandcontainedthenamesanddetailsofthedictionaryvolunteers,mostofwhomhadpreviouslybeenunknown.TheDictionaryPeopleisherworkofdetectivescholarship,bringingthelivesbehindthenamestoreaders.MsOgilvie’sbookisfullofintriguingstories.Thepresentationofthebookisunconventional,too,takingitsstructurefromtheworkitdescribes.Thereare26alphabeticalchapters,eachcelebratingagroupofcontributors(memorably,“K”isfor“kleptomaniac”peoplewhodesiretosteal).Thisisacleverarrangement,thoughitsometimesmeansthatbroaderissuesemergeonlyinpieces.Essentially,thisisastoryaboutordinarypeople.Itisconcreteproofofthosewho,tocitedictionary-helperGeorgeEliot,“livedfaithfullyahiddenlife,andrestinunvisitedtombs”.12.Whatdoestheunderlinedexpression“takenatoll”inparagraph1mean?A.Paidoff.B.Provedinvain.C.Wornoutthepassion.D.Hadaharmfuleffect.13.WhatcanwelearnabouttheOxfordEnglishDictionary?A.Itservesasanexampleofdictionaryediting.B.Itprovidesprecisedirectionsforwordusage.C.Itisacooperativeworkofmanyvolunteers.D.ItwaseditedwiththehelpofSamuelJohnson.14.Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A.ThestorybehindSarahOgilvie’sbook.B.ThedetectivemethodsofSarahOgilvie.C.LegendsoftheearlyOEDeditors.D.Murray’sroleineditingtheOED.15.Whereisthetextmostprobablytakenfrom?A.Areviewofabook.B.Abiographyofaneditor.C.Anessayondictionaryediting.D.Anintroductiontoadictionary.【答案】12.D13.C14.A15.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了对Ogilvie女士的书的评论及介绍了第一部牛津字典的形成及背后的人对它的重大贡献。【12题详解】词义猜测题。根据第一段第二句“Afterhis36years’dedicationtothedictionary,hishardlabourhad...”(在他36年致力于编纂词典之后，他的辛勤劳动。)及最后一句“knowinghewouldnotseetheprojectcomplete.”(因为他不会看到项目完成。)可知，因为他不会看到项目完成，所以在他36年致力于编纂词典之后，他的辛勤劳动没有产生明显的效果。故选D项。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“Beginningin1857,theOEDwasahugecrowdsourcingproject-“theWikipediaofthe19thcentury”-comprising3,000people.”（从1857年开始，牛津英语词典是一个庞大的众包项目—“19世纪的维基百科”—由3000人组成。）及第二段倒数第二句“Volunteersreadwidely,mailinginexamplesofhow“rare,old-fashioned,new,strange”wordswereused.”（志愿者们广泛阅读，邮寄“稀有、老式、新、奇怪”单词的使用示例。）可知，这是许多志愿者的合作工作。故选C项。【14题详解】段落大意题。根据第三段“MsOgilvie,aformerscholarwhoservedasaneditorfortheOED,wentintothedocumentsofOxfordUniversityPressandcameacrossanoldnotebook.IthadbelongedtoMurrayandcontainedthenamesanddetailsofthedictionaryvolunteers,mostofwhomhadpreviouslybeenunknown.TheDictionaryPeopleisherworkofdetectivescholarship,bringingthelivesbehindthenamestoreaders.”（曾担任《牛津英语词典》编辑的学者Ogilvie女士查阅了牛津大学出版社的文件，发现了一本旧笔记本。它属于默里，包含了词典志愿者的姓名和详细信息，其中大多数人以前都不知道。《人物词典》是她的侦探学术作品，将名字背后的生活带给读者。）可知，这段讲的是SarahOgilvie的书背后的故事。故选A项。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Essentially,thisisastoryaboutordinarypeople.Itisconcreteproofofthosewho,tocitedictionary-helperGeorgeEliot,“livedfaithfullyahiddenlife,andrestinunvisitedtombs”.(本质上，这是一个关于普通人的故事。用词典助手乔治·艾略特的话来说，这是这些人“忠实地过着隐秘的生活，安息在无人问津的坟墓里”的具体证据。)”结合文章讲述了对Ogilvie女士的书的评论及介绍了第一部牛津字典的形成及背后的人对它的重大贡献。可知，这篇文章可能选自书评。故选A项。第二节（共5小题：每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Whenitcomestogoinggreen,intentioncanbeeasierthanaction.Caseinpoint:youdecidetobuyaT-shirtmadefrom100%organiccotton,becauseeveryoneknowsthatorganicisbetterforEarth.Andinsomewaysitis;inconventionalcotton-farming,pesticidesstripthesoiloflife.Butthatgreenlabeldoesn’ttellthewholestory.OrthepossibilitythattheT-shirtmayhavebeendyedusingharshindustrialchemicals,whichcanpollutelocalgroundwater.Ifyouknewallthat,wouldyoustillconsidertheT-shirtgreen?____16____.It’saquestionthatmostofusareillequippedtoanswer,evenasthedebateoverwhatisandisn’tgreenbecomesall-importantinahotandcrowdedworld.____17____.Weevolvedtorespondtothreatsthatwereclearandpresent.That’swhy,whenweeatspoiledfood,wegetdisgustedandwhenweseeabrightlight,weshutoureyes.____18____.Scanningthesupermarketaisles,welackthedatatounderstandthefullimpactofwhatwechoose—andprobablycouldn’tmakesenseoftheinformationevenifwehadit.Butwhatifwecouldseamlesslycalculatethefulllifetimeeffectofouractionsontheearthandonourbodies?____19____That’swhatpsychologistDanielGolemandescribesinhisforthcomingbook,EcologicalIntelligence.Usingayoungsciencecalledindustrialecology,businessesandgreenactivistsalikearebeginningtocompiletheenvironmentalandbiologicalimpactofoureverydecision—anddeliveringthatinformationtoconsumersinauser-friendlyway.That’sthinkingecologically—understandingtheglobalenvironmentalconsequencesofourlocalchoices.“Wecanknowthecausesofwhatwe’redoing,andwecanknowtheimpactofwhatwe’redoing,”saysGoleman,whowrotethe1995bestsellerEmotionalIntelligence.____20____It’salsoaboutourabilitytoacceptthatweliveinaninfinitelyconnectedworldwithfiniteresources.GolemanhighlightstheTibetancommunityofSher,whereformillenniums,villagershavesurvivedharshconditionsbycarefullyconservingeveryresourceavailabletothem.TheTibetansthinkecologicallybecausetheyhavenootherchoice.Neitherdowe.“Weoncehadtheluxurytoignoreourimpacts,”saysGoleman.“Notanymore.”A.Wouldyoustillbuyit?B.Whatifwecouldthinkecologically?C.It’sgoingtohavearadicalimpactonthewaywedobusiness.D.Ecologicalintelligenceisultimatelyaboutmorethanwhatwebuy.E.Notjustcarbonfootprintsbutsocialandbiologicalfootprintsaswell?F.Butnothinginevolutionhaspreparedustounderstandtheaccumulativeimpactindustrialchemicalsmayhaveonus.G.That’sbecauseourabilitytomakecomplexproductswithcomplexsupplychainshasoutpacedourabilitytocomprehendtheconsequences.【答案】16.A17.G18.F19.B20.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。即使我们很想过绿色生活，但是我们并没有理解工业化学品可能对我们产生的累积影响的能力，但是利用一门被称为工业生态学的新兴科学，企业和绿色活动人士开始汇编我们每一个决定对环境和生物的影响，并以一种友好的方式将这些信息传递给消费者。【16题详解】根据前文“Ifyouknewallthat,wouldyoustillconsidertheT-shirtgreen?(如果你了解这一切，你还会认为这件T恤是绿色的吗？)”可知，此处是指还会不会购买这件T恤，所以选项A“你还会买它吗？”切合文意。故选A。【17题详解】根据前文“It’saquestionthatmostofusareillequippedtoanswer,evenasthedebateoverwhatisandisn’tgreenbecomesall-importantinahotandcrowdedworld.(这是一个我们大多数人都没有能力回答的问题，即使在一个炎热拥挤的世界里，关于什么是绿色的争论变得非常重要。)”可知，此处是解释为什么我们无法回答什么是绿色环保的问题，所以选项G“这是因为我们用复杂的供应链制造复杂产品的能力已经超过了我们理解后果的能力。”切合文意。故选G。【18题详解】根据前文“Weevolvedtorespondtothreatsthatwereclearandpresent.That’swhy,whenweeatspoiledfood,wegetdisgustedandwhenweseeabrightlight,weshutoureyes.(我们进化到能够对明确而现实的威胁做出反应。这就是为什么，当我们吃变质的食物时，我们会感到厌恶，当我们看到明亮的光线时，我们会闭上眼睛。)”和后文“Scanningthesupermarketaisles,welackthedatatounderstandthefullimpactofwhatwechoose—andprobablycouldn’tmakesenseoftheinformationevenifwehadit.(浏览超市过道时，我们缺乏数据来了解我们所选择的商品的全部影响——即使我们有这些信息，也可能无法理解这些信息的意义。)”可知，此处是指我们并没有进化出理解化工产品的影响的能力，所以选项F“但在进化过程中，我们还没有准备好去理解工业化学品可能对我们产生的累积影响。”切合文意。故选F。【19题详解】根据前文“Butwhatifwecouldseamlesslycalculatethefulllifetimeeffectofouractionsontheearthandonourbodies?(但是，如果我们能够无缝地计算出我们的行为对地球和我们身体的整个一生的影响呢？)”和后文“That’swhatpsychologistDanielGolemandescribesinhisforthcomingbook,EcologicalIntelligence.(这就是心理学家丹尼尔·戈尔曼在他即将出版的新书《生态智能》中所描述的。)”可知，此处是指如果我们能从生态方面思考，所以选项B“如果我们能从生态角度思考呢？”切合文意。故选B。【20题详解】根据后文“It’salsoaboutourabilitytoacceptthatweliveinaninfinitelyconnectedworldwithfiniteresources.(这也关系到我们是否有能力接受我们生活在一个资源有限、联系无限的世界里。)”可知，此处是讲生态智能关系到什么，所以选项D“生态智能最终不仅仅是关于我们买什么。”切合文意。故选D。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题：每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。WithChristmasapproaching,Ioftenreflectupononeparticulareveningintheearly1960s.Backthen,wedecidedtogocarolling(唱圣诞颂歌)tospreadtheChristmasspiritwhichmight____21____someoneelse’slife.Soweneededtotake____22____newmembers,forwhomtheonly____23____waswarmthofspirit.Soonwediscoveredthatcarollingbroughtvarious____24____.Sometimesweweregreetedwithopendoorsandopenhearts,whileothertimes,folksremainedinthesafetyandcosinessoftheirhomes,watching____25____throughtheirwindows.Onestoponourjourneyparticularly____26____ourmemory.Thatnight,afteracoupleofsongs,onedoorswungopen.Agentleman,grayhaired,tenderly____27____wegoupstairstosingforhisbedriddenwife.Headded____28____,“Shelovesmusicandusedtobeanoperasinger.”Westeppedbrisklyupwardintothecouple’s____29____apartment.Books,records,andantiquefurniturewhisperedstoriestous.Iremindedmyselfnottostare____30____showingdisrespecttothem.Sittingbesidehiswife,thegentlemangaveusa____31____.Thenourvoicesroseandlingeredaroundtheirsmallhome.Hadourvoicesbeengivenextra____32____andbeautyforthisoccasion?Perhapstheyhad.Asmileflickeredonthewoman’s____33____,yetbeautifulface.Shesnuggledherheadagainstherhusband’sshoulderandbothofthemheartilyenjoyedourperformance.Witnessingsuchaheartwarmingscene,wefeltitwasaholynight,forwewereinthe____34____oflovethatwasgentleandmild.Atthatmoment,wefound,andmaybeeven___35___,theChristmasspirit.21.A.change B.influence C.shape D.brighten.22.A.on B.in C.over D.up23.A.requirement B.objective C.reward D.account24.A.consequences B.comments C.responses D.movements25.A.awkwardly B.passively C.randomly D.positively26.A.stuckin B.wokeup C.shotup D.broughtout27.A.commanded B.requested C.proposed D.recommended28.A.shamefully B.hesitantly C.desirably D.proudly29.A.unfurnished B.brief C.little D.average30.A.forthesakeof B.forfearof C.inspiteof D.inthehopeof31.A.smile B.nod C.contact D.glance32.A.seriousness B.energy C.horror D.option33.Afancy B.bright C.joyous D.skinny34.A.presence B.absence C.expectation D.circle35.A.created B.acquired C.spread D.regained【答案】21.D22.B23.A24.C25.B26.B27.B28.D29.C30.B31.B32.B33.D34.A35.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者和一些人在圣诞节前夕外出唱圣诞颂歌。在一户人家，她们被邀请上楼，为一位卧病在床的老太太唱歌，老太太非常高兴。这温暖的一幕让作者她们觉得非常的神圣，让她们觉得又重获圣诞精神。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当时，我们决定去唱圣诞颂歌，以传播可能照亮他人生活的圣诞精神。A.change更改；B.influence影响；C.shape塑造；D.brighten照亮。根据下文“Shesnuggledherheadagainstherhusband’sshoulderandbothofthemheartilyenjoyedourperformance.Witnessingsuchaheartwarmingscene,wefeltitwasaholynight,forwewereinthe14oflovethatwasgentleandmild.”可知，作者决定为别人去唱圣诞颂歌，她觉得这能够照亮他们的生活，用圣诞精神温暖他人。故选D。【22题详解】考查介词词义辨析。句意：因此，我们迅速吸收了新成员，对他们来说，唯一的特权就是精神上的温暖。A.on在……上；B.in在……里面；C.over在……上面；D.up在(较高位置)。根据空后的“newmembers”和上文“wedecidedtogocarolling(唱圣诞颂歌)tospreadtheChristmasspirit”可知，作者想要去给别人唱圣诞颂歌，所以她首先要吸收新成员。takein“吸收”。故选B。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此，我们