英语（人教版选修8）课件unit3Section2WarmingUpReadingLanguagePoints

Unit3

InventorsandinventionsSectionⅡ

WarmingUp&Reading—LanguagePoints一、将下列单词与所对应的英文解释连线1．patent

A．aspecialdocumentthatgivesyoutherighttomakeorsellanewinventionorproduct2．distinguish B．suddenandunexpected3．perfume C．torecognizeandunderstandthedifferencebetweentwoormorethingsorpeople4．abrupt D．asweetorpleasantsmell5．seizeE．totakeholdofsomethingsuddenlyandviolently答案：1.A

2.C

3.D

4.B

5.E二、根据所给词性和汉语意思写出英语单词1．_______adj.宽大的；仁慈的→_______n．仁慈；宽恕2．_________n．产品→__________v．生产→_________n．生产→___________n．生产者，制造者3．__________adj.方便的→____________n．方便；便利4．___________n．期待，预期→_______v．预期，期盼5．________adj.消极的→_______adj.(反义词)积极的mercifulmercyproductproduceproductionproducerconvenientconvenienceexpectationexpectpassiveactive6．________adj.突然的；意外的→____________adv.突然地；意外地7．_______n．立方体；立方→_______adj.立方的8．_______adj.高兴的；愉快的→_____________adv.高兴地；愉快地9．________n．(评判的)标准；尺度→________复数形式10．______adj.成熟的；熟的→_______v．熟；成熟abruptabruptlycubecubicmerrymerrilycriterioncriteriariperipen根据汉语意思补全短语1．apply_____apatent申请专利2．decide_____决定；选定3．call_____给……打电话4．now_____then偶尔；有时5．set_____开始；着手foronupandabout6．______theopportunity抓住机会7．pick______捡起；拿起8．______greatcaution很小心地9．______recognition得到认可10．fill______theform填表seizeupwithgetin1．我所做的第一件事就是看看有没有什么产品能帮助我，但看来只有一种毒杀蛇的药粉。ThefirstthingIdidwastoseeiftherewereanyproductsthatmighthelpme，but______________________________powdersdesignedtokillsnakes.(thereseemstobe是therebe句型的变体，表示“似乎有……”。)thereonlyseemedtobe2．只有获得了认证，你才可以说是一个真正的发明者。Onlyafteryouhavehadthatrecognition__________thatyouaretrulyaninventor.(当only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句且位于句首时，主句用部分倒装。)3．(评价)标准是很严格的，除非新的想法是很新颖的，否则很难被接受。Thecriteriaaresostrictthat___________________________ideasacceptedunlesstheyaretrulynovel.(it代替后面的动词不定式，作形式主语。)canyousayitisdifficulttogetnewdistinguishvt.(P20)(1)区别，辨别(人或事物)①Speechesdistinguishhumanbeingsfromanimals.人类和动物的区别在于人会说话。②Canyoudistinguishbetweenthosetwoobjects?你能区分那两个物体吗？(2)看清，听清③Thelightwastoodimformetodistinguishanythingclearly.光线太暗，我看不清任何东西。(3)显示……的差别；使……有所不同④HefirstdistinguishedhimselfbywinningajuniortennistournamentatWimbledon.他最初因为在一次温布尔登少年网球赛中获胜而受人瞩目。⑤Shehasalreadydistinguishedherselfasanathlete.作为运动员她已享有盛名。⑥TheChinesenationisdistinguishedforitsdiligenceandcourage.中华民族以勤劳和勇敢而著称。(1)distinguishbetween...and...区分/辨别……和……distinguish...from...使……有别于……；使……具有区别于……的特征distinguishoneself(as)(作为……)表现突出；使自己与众不同；使自己成名distinguishoneselfby...某人因……而突出(2)distinguishedadj.卓越的，杰出的，著名的，高贵的bedistinguishedfrom不同于……，与……加以区别bedistinguishedby以……为特征bedistinguishedfor因……而著称1．用distinguish的正确形式填空①Icouldnot________________herwords，butshesoundednervous.②Howdoyou________________astar_____aplanet?③Thescientistis___________inmanyfieldsofknowledge.distinguishdistinguishbetweenanddistinguishedabruptlyadv.(P20)(1)突然的，意外的①Ourdiscussionwasabruptlycurtailed.我们的讨论突然缩短了。(2)不流畅的，不连贯的②Hewrotesomeshortabruptsentences.他写了些短小且不连贯的句子。(3)(指行为)粗鲁的，唐突的，生硬的③Amanwithanabruptmannerisnotwelcomehere.举止粗鲁的人在这里不受欢迎。

(1)abruptadj.anabruptturn急转弯inanabruptmanner无礼的态度anabruptchange突然改变(2)abruptness[U]n.唐突

2．完成句子①采访突然结束。Theinterview___________________.②在我们会面时，她跟我说话非常生硬。Shewasvery______________meinourmeeting.endedabruptlyabruptwithconvenientadj.(P20)(1)方便的；便利的；合宜的①Ifindgoingtothesupermarketonceamonthisthemostconvenientwaytoshop.我发现一个月去一次超市购物最合适。②Isthiseveningconvenientforyoutogoout?你今晚上方便出来吗？(2)附近的，方便到达的③Ourhomeisveryconvenientforourschool.我家离学校很近。(1)beconvenientfor对……是方便的Sth.beconvenienttosb.对某人方便Itisconvenientforsb.todosth.对某人来说干某事是方便的ifconvenient如果方便的话(2)conveniencen．方便；便利fortheconvenienceof为了方便……for(thesakeof)convenience为了方便起见atone’sconvenience在某人方便的时候，在适宜的地方

温馨提示：①conveniencen．“便利”，不可数名词，当“便利设施”讲时，为可数名词。②表示某人方便做某事时，不能用人作主语，只能说：Itisconvenientforsb.todosth.而不可以说：Itisconvenientofsb.todosth.。3．用适当的介词填空①Weboughtthishouse_____itsconvenience.②Dothis_____yourconvenience!③Ourshopisveryconvenient_____theshoppers.④Dropinonmewhenitisconvenient_____you.foratforto/forcaution(P20)(1)n.[U]小心，谨慎①Dadalwaysdriveswithcaution.爸爸一直开车十分小心。(2)n.警告，告诫②Thepolicemanletthedriveroffwithacaution.警察向司机提出警告后就让他走了。(3)vt.告诫，警告③Wewerecautionednottomakealotofnoiseaftertenintheevening.我们得到告诫晚上10点以后不要大声喧闹。(1)withcaution小心翼翼地givesb.acaution告诫某人receiveacautionfromsb.从某人处获得劝告(2)cautionsb.(not)todosth.劝告某人(不)做某事cautionsb.for/aboutdoingsth.因某事而劝告某人cautionsb.againstdoingsth.劝告某人不要做某事(3)cautiousadj.十分小心的；谨慎的becautiouswith/about对……仔细/谨慎

④Theoldladyisverycautiouswithmoney.那位老太太用钱很谨慎。4．完成句子①老板对承诺持谨慎态度。Theboss___________________makingpromises.②老师给了汤姆一次警告，叫他不许再那样做。Theteacher____________________andtoldhimnevertodoitagain.iscautiousaboutgaveTomacautionexpectationn．(P21)(1)期待；预期①Thedogwaggeditstailinexpectationofabone.那条狗摇着尾巴，巴望吃到骨头。(2)pl.期望，预期的事物②Therewardfellshortofourexpectations.奖励未达到我们的预期。(3)pl.前程③ayoungartistwithgreatexpectations一个有远大前程的青年艺术家(1)beyondexpectation出乎意料inexpectationof期望，预计会有……，预料着……againstexpectation(s)与预期相反come/liveuptoone’sexpectations不负所望(2)expecttodosth.盼着(预计)做某事expectsb.todosth.盼望(指望，预计)某人会做某事expectsth.fromsb.期望从某人处得到某物expectalot/muchofsb.对某人期望过高

温馨提示：expectation意为“期待，期望”时为不可数名词；意为“期望的事物；前景”时为可数名词，常用复数。5．完成句子①Hisperformancelivedup_______________________(符合我们的期望)．②Johnhassucceeded____________________(出乎意料)．toourexpectationsbeyondexpectationpress(P21)(1)vt.按，挤，压①Pressthisbuttontostarttheengine.按此按钮发动引擎。(2)vt.催促；催逼；强迫；(极力)劝说②Hepressed

hertocomewithhim.他强迫她跟他走。③Thebankispressingusforrepaymentoftheloan.银行催我们偿还贷款。(3)vi.挤向前，奋力前进④Manypeoplepressedforwardtoshakehandswithhim.许多人挤向前和他握手。(4)vi.紧迫⑤Timepressesandwemustgetbacktowork.时间紧迫，我们得回去工作了。(5)n.报刊；新闻界⑥Thepowerofthepressisverygreat.报刊的力量是极大的。(6)n.新闻舆论；报刊评论⑦Thegovernment’snewpolicyreceivedagoodpress.政府的新政策受到舆论的好评。6．完成句子①那小孩把脸贴在火车的窗上。Thechild______________________thetrainwindow.②他们逼我立刻决定下来。They_______________animmediatedecision.③在他父母的督促下，他不得不早起去上学。__________________，hehadtogetupearlytogotoschool.pressedhisfaceagainstpressedmeforPressedbyhisparentsseizevt.(P21)(1)抓住；捉住①Seizethechance，otherwiseyou’llregretit.抓住这个机会，否则你会后悔的。②Weshouldseizetheopportunitytocounter­attack.我们应乘机反攻。(2)夺取；攻占③Theenemyseizedthetownafteraviolentattack.敌人猛攻后占领了这个城镇。seizesth.fromsb.从某人手中抓取seizepower/seizecontrol(of)夺取政权seizeachance/anopportunity抓住机会/机遇beseizedwith(terror/desire)突然感到恐惧/突然被欲望支配seizeon/upon抓住，利用seizeup卡住，停止运转

[易混辨析]seize/grasp/catch/hold④Thebirdseizedanunusuallybigbeetleandboreitofftoitsnest.那只鸟抓住一只特别大的甲虫并把它带进了窝。⑤Hegraspedatanythingthatmighthelphim.他试图抓住任何对自己有利的东西。⑥Thecatcatchesmice.猫捉老鼠。⑦Shewasholdingabookinherhand.她手里拿着一本书。7．完成句子①我们应该把握时机来发展经济。Weshould___________________todeveloptheeconomy.②警察试图夺取凶手的枪。Thepolicetriedto______________________themurderer.seizeopportunityseizethegunfromclaim(P21)vt.(1)(根据权利)要求；认领；索取①Theoldmanclaimedtheland.老人要求得到这块土地。(2)自称，声称；主张②Sheclaimedthattheringwasstolen，notlost.她声称那只戒指是被偷的，而不是遗失的。③Sheclaimstobeagoodpianist.她声称自己是位优秀的钢琴家。(3)值得，需要④Thetrendclaimsourattention.这一趋势需要我们予以注意。(4)(疾病，意外)夺去(生命)⑤Thetornadoclaimeddozensoflives.那场龙卷风夺去了几十条人命。n.(1)(＋for/to)(根据权利而提出的)要求⑥Marymadeaclaimtothepencil.玛丽认为她应得到这支铅笔。(2)(对某事物的)权利；要求权；所有权⑦Whatclaimdoeshehavetotheproperty?他有何权利要求得到这笔财产？(3)主张，自称，声称⑧Nobodybelievedhisclaimthathewasinnocent.他说他清白，谁也不相信。(1)claimsth.声称某事；需要某物claimthat从句声称……claimtodosth.声称要做某事claimforsth.为……索赔claimontheinsurance向保险公司索赔claimpaymentfromsb.要求某人付款claimsth.back要求归还某物Itisclaimedthat...据称……(2)putin/makeaclaimfor...要求得到……dropone’sclaim放弃要求layclaimto...声称……是自己的，以……自称pressone’sclaimon...向……提出强烈要求

8．完成句子①战斗之后，双方都宣称获胜。Afterthebattle，bothsides_________________.②她自称与王后有亲戚关系。She_______________________________theQueen.＝She_________tobe_____________theQueen.claimedvictoryclaims(that)sheisrelatedtoclaimsrelatedtocallup(P20)(1)给……打电话①Youcancallmeanytimeifyouhaveanytrouble.如果有困难你可随时给我打电话。(2)使……回忆起②Thesmelloftheseacalledupmemoriesofherchildhood.大海的气息勾起了她对童年的回忆。(3)征兵，征召③Hewascalledupatthebeginningofthewar.战争开始时他就被征召入伍了。callback(召唤)某人回来；回电话callin召集；召来；收回callat拜访(某地)callforth唤起，引起，振作起来callfor要求；需要；接(某人)callon/upon邀请；号召；拜访calloff取消

④I’llcallbackatamoreconvenienttime.在更方便的时候我会回电话的。⑤Heisill，youshouldcallinthedoctorrightaway.他病了，你应该立即请大夫来。⑥Ishallcallathishometomorrow.明天我要去他家里拜访。⑦Thegovernmentcallsontheyouthtodonatetheirblood.政府号召青年献血。温馨提示：①callup的宾语如果是代词，此代词应放在call和up之间；如果是具体的人和物，放在中间或之后都可以。②callup作“打电话”讲时，可用ringup代替。[易混辨析]lookbackon/tosth./callup⑧Theoldmanwassittingthere，lookingbackon/tohispreviousgoodtime.那位老人坐在那里，回想起从前的美好时光。⑨Theseoldphotoscalledmeupthememoriesofmyolddays.这些照片勾起了我对往昔的回忆。9．完成句子①IcamehomelatebecauseI____________(拜访)myformerteacheronthewayhome.②Ourgovernment_______________(要求)ustomakeagoodpreparationforthecomingOlympics.③There’snoneedtohurry—theplanhasbeen__________(取消)．④Theproblem________(要求)immediatesolution.⑤Thepolicehavebeen_______(请来)tofindthemissingboy.calledoncalledforcalledoffcallsforcalledinnowandthen时而；不时(P20)①Iliketogototheoperanowandthen.我有时喜欢去看歌剧。②Hetakesmysisterouttothetheatrenowandthen.他时常带我妹妹去剧院。fromtimetotime有时；不时(every)nowandagain时而；不时fromnow/thenon从现在/那时开始justnow刚才sincethen从那时以来bythen到那时uptonow直到现在

10．完成句子①Whenwaitingforthedoctor，helookedupattheclock_______________(不时地)．②_____________(从现在开始)，allofyoushouldbeawareoftheimportanceofEnglish.nowandthenFromnowonsetabout开始(某工作)；着手做某事(P20)①Imustsetaboutmypacking.我得开始收拾行李了。②Idon’tknowhowtosetaboutthisjob.我不知道这工作如何入手。③Hesetaboutpersuading(setouttopersuade)metoaccepthiswayofthinking.他试图说服我接受他的想法。④ThestorywassetinHollywood.这个故事以好莱坞为背景。⑤Hesetupalabofhisownwhenhewastenyearsold.当他十岁的时候，他就建立了自己的实验室。⑥Shesetouttobreaktheworldrecord.她一心努力要打破世界纪录。besetin以……为背景setoff出发，动身，引爆setout动身，启程；开始；摆放；阐明，陈述setdown放下，使下车，记下setup建立，创建(组织、机构)；搭建(临时建筑)；安排(活动)setaside把……放在一边；宣告无效；驳回；废止setdown写下，记下

温馨提示：setabout后可跟名词或动名词，不能跟不定式；setout也有“开始；着手”之意，但其后应跟动词不定式形式。11．完成句子①It’sbetterto______________(留出)somemoneyincaseofemergencies.②Moreandmoreyoungpeoplewantto_________(建立)theirownbusiness.③Youmustbecareful.Aslightesttouchmay______(发射)thebomb.④Thesoonerwe___________(开始，着手做)it，thesoonerwe’llfinishit.setasidesetupsetoffsetaboutThefirstthingIdidwastoseeiftherewereanyproductsthatmighthelpme，butthere

only

seemed

to

bepowdersdesignedtokillsnakes.我所做的第一件事就是看看有没有什么产品能帮助我。但是，看来只有一种毒死蛇的药粉。(P20)►thereseemedtobe是therebe句型的变体，表示“似乎有……”。therebe句型中的be有时还可以换成其他表示“有，存在”的词，如live，stand，lie，remain，appear等。①Thereseemstobesomethingwrongwithmypen.我的钢笔好像有问题。②Thereremainedjustonepound.只