2024届高考英语二轮复习：啃下推理判断题高考英语阅读理解 讲义

啃下推理判断题高考英语阅读理解没问题

描述人物或事物特征

三年真题阅读理解推理判断题考点分布

2021年全国各地真题4-6个

2022年全国各地真题5-7

2023年全国各地真题7-8个

2024年1月浙江、上海真题8个

结论：推理判断题类型呈上升趋势，也是比较难的一种题型。啃下它，就等于啃下了

阅读理解的大头。阅读理解满分近在咫尺。

推理判断题类型

1.描述人物或事物特征：3颗星

【命题规律】近3年新高考卷对于阅读理解中描述人物或事物的考点考查了5次。主

要考查：根据阅读文章整体或部分内容及事实来推断作者对人物和事物特征的描述。

2.文体的写作方法：1颗星

【命题规律】近3年新高考卷对于阅读理解中没有对写作方法进行考查，这不意味着

未来不会考查。高考备考要充分准备未来可能考的题，不是盲目追风必考考过的试题。

主要考查：

根据阅读文章整体或某一段落的内容推断写作手法。

3.作者的写作态度。3颗星

【命题规律】近3年新高考卷对于阅读理解中作者的写作态度考查了4次。主要考查:

根据阅读文章整体或某一段落的内容推断作者的写作态度

4.引申》隹断：5颗星

命题规律及备考策略

【命题规律】近3年新高考卷对于阅读理解中引申推断考查了11次。主要考查：

根据阅读文章整体或某一段落的内容进行引申推断得出推断结果。

5.推断文章来源：3颗星

【命题规律】近3年新高考卷对于阅读理解中推断文章来源考查了6次。主要考查：

根据阅读文章整体和内容来推断文章体裁或文章出处。

6.文章结构。1颗星

【命题规律】近3年新高考卷对于阅读理解中没有对推断文章结构进行考查，这不意

味着未来不会考查。高考备考要充分准备未来可能考的题，不是盲目追风必考考过的

试题。主要考查：

根据阅读文章整体推断文章结构。

描述人物或事物特征

描述人物或事物特征的方法：

1.根据文章尤其是记叙文对人物或事件的描述来推断人物的特征，推断人物特征时，

要注意当遇到两个并列词的时候，这两个词都必须符合人物或事件的特征;

2.描述事物特征，可以通过作者在文章中流露出的思想感情来判断o

【备考策略】系统归类描述人物或事物特征的方法；熟练掌握阅读技能。

【命题预测】

通过阅读理解中的描述人物或事物特征，考查考生归纳总结能力、培养有情感、有情

怀的人。因此，推断描述人物或事物特征题还将在2024年高考中出现。

【推理判断之描述人物、事件特征考点指南】

描述人物、事件特征考点常考问题：

1.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribes...?

2.Accordingtothetext,whichwordscanbestdescribe..?

3.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribeaccordingtoParagraph?

4.Howwouldtheauthorfeelabouttheoutcomeoftheevent?

5.Whatdidtlieauthorthinkof?

【高考命题思路和方法】

高考阅读理解中常有描述人物或事物特点的阅读理解题。命题人通过文章中对人物的

事迹、语言、心理等进行描述，进而让考生推测人物或事物的性格特征。

【备考实战方法】

把描述人物的性格特征的词——列出，基本上考题不会超出这些词汇，考前把它们的

意思记熟。预测每个词需要和什么样的事迹相对应，这样在考场上就能迅速地找到答

案。对这种题要迅速解决，以给其他试题提供做题时间。

【描写人物事物特征的形容词】

generous慷慨的；brave勇敢的；demanding要求高的；苛求的；需要高技能（或耐性等）

的；费力的；要求极严的；难满足的；impatient不耐烦的；outgoing夕卜向的；easy-going

随和的；organized有条理的；modest谦虚的；optimistic乐观的；cautious小心，谨慎的；

caring乐于助人的；关心他人的；体贴人的；skillful熟练的；灵巧的；擅长于（at;in）;制

作精巧的；responsible负责任的；determined有决心的；modest谦虚的；creative有创

造力的；ambitious有雄心的；adventurous冒险的；cooperative有合作意识的；honest

诚实的；capableadj.有能力的，有才能的;confidentadj.自信的；diligentadj.勤奋的；

voluntaryadj.自愿的，主动的；energeticadj.精力旺盛的；humorousadj.幽默的；enthusiastic

adj.热情的；experiencedadj.有经验的;intelligent聪明的；智能的；有才智的；悟性强的;

有智力的；有理解和学习能力的；grateful感激的；helpful有帮助的；talkative健谈的；

athletic运动型；体育运动的；健壮的；patient有耐心的；innovative创新的；tolerant忍

受的；positive积极的；committed坚信的；尽心尽力的；坚定的；considerate体贴的；

ashamed惭愧的；regretful后悔的；disappointed失望的；amazed吃惊的；satisfied满意的；

disappointed失望的；shocked震惊的；overjoyed过度高兴的；pleased满意的；indifferent

冷漠的；sorrowful悲伤的；sympathetic同情的；hardworking勤劳的；embarrassed尴尬

的；proud自豪的；energetic充满活力的；courageous勇敢的；无畏的；independent独

立的;sensitive敏感的。

真题满分了

【典例1][2023•新高考全国n卷]

B

Turningsoil,pullingweeds,andharvestingcabbagesoundliketoughworkformiddleandhigh

schoolkids.Andatfirstitis,saysAbbyJaramillo,whowithanotherteacherstartedUrban

Sprouts,aschoolgardenprogrammeatfourlow-incomeschools.Theprogrammeaimstohelp

studentsdevelopscienceskills,environmentalawareness,andhealthylifestyles.

Jaramillo?sstudentsliveinneighbourhoodswherefreshfoodandgreenspacearenoteasyto

findandfastfoodrestaurantsoutnumbergrocerystores."Thekidsliterallycometoschool

withbagsofsnacksandlargebottlesofsoftdrinks,“shesays."Theycometousthinking

vegetablesareawful,dirtisawful,insectsareawful.Thoughsomeareinitiallyscaredofthe

insectsandturnedoffbythedirt,mostareeagertotrysomethingnew.

UrbanSprouts'classes,attwomiddleschoolsandtwohighschools,includehands-on

experimentssuchassoiltesting,flower-and-seeddissection,tastingsoffreshordriedproduce,

andworkinthegarden.Severaltimesayear,studentscookthevegetablestheygrow,andthey

occasionallymakesaladsfortheirentireschools.

Programmeevaluationsshowthatkidseatmorevegetablesasaresultoftheclasses."Wehave

studentswhosaytheywenthomeandtalkedtotheirparentsandnowthey'reeating

differently,“Jaramillosays.

Sheaddsthattheprogramme'sbenefitsgobeyondnutrition.Somestudentsgetsointerested

ingardeningthattheybringhomeseedstostarttheirownvegetablegardens.Besides,working

inthegardenseemstohaveacalmingeffectonJaramillosspecialeducationstudents,manyof

whomhaveemotionalcontrolissues."Theygetoutside,“shesays,“andtheyfeelsuccessful.^

()26.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheimpactoftheprogramme?

A.Far-reaching.

B.Predictable.

C.Short-lived.

D.Unidentifiable.

【典例2][2023•新高考全国fl卷]

D

Ascitiesballoonwithgrowth,accesstonatureforpeoplelivinginurbanareasisbecoming

hardertofind.Ifyou'relucky,theremightbeapocketparknearwhereyoulive,butit's

unusualtofindplacesinacitythatarerelativelywild.

Pastresearchhasfoundhealthandwellnessbenefitsofnatureforhumans,butanewstudy

showsthatwildnessinurbanareasisextremelyimportantforhumanwell-being.

Theresearchteamfocusedonalargeurbanpark.Theysurveyedseveralhundredpark-goers,

askingthemtosubmitawrittensummaryonlineofameaningfulinteractiontheyhadwith

natureinthepark.Theresearchersthenexaminedthesesubmissions,coding(编码)

experiencesintodifferentcategories.Forexample,oneparticipant'sexperienceof“Wesat

andlistenedtothewavesatthebeachforawhile“wasassignedthecategoriesasittingat

beach“andalisteningtowaves.

Acrossthe320submissions,apatternofcategoriestheresearcherscallaanaturelanguage”

begantoemerge.Afterthecodingofallsubmissions,halfadozencategorieswerenotedmost

oftenasimportanttovisitors.Theseincludeencounteringwildlife,walkingalongtheedgeof

water,andfollowinganestablishedtrail.

Namingeachnatureexperiencecreatesausablelanguage,whichhelpspeoplerecognizeand

takepartintheactivitiesthataremostsatisfyingandmeaningfultothem.Forexample,the

experienceofwalkingalongtheedgeofwatermightbesatisfyingforayoungprofessionalona

weekendhikeinthepark.Backdowntownduringaworkday,theycanenjoyamoredomestic

formofthisinteractionbywalkingalongafountainontheirlunchbreak.

“We'retryingtogeneratealanguagethathelpsbringthehuman-natureinteractionsbackinto

ourdailylives.Andforthattohappen,wealsoneedtoprotectnaturesothatwecaninteract

withit,“saidPeterKahn,aseniorauthorofthestudy.

()32.Whatphenomenondoestheauthordescribeatthebeginningofthetext?

A.Pocketparksarenowpopular.

B.Wildnatureishardtofindincities.

C.Manycitiesareoverpopulated.

D.Peopleenjoylivingclosetonature.

【典例3][2023•全国乙卷]

C

WhatcomesintoyourmindwhenyouthinkofBritishfood?Probablyfishandchips,ora

Sundaydinnerofmeatandtwovegetables.ButisBritishfoodreallysouninteresting?Even

thoughBritainhasareputationforless-than-impressivecuisine,itisproducingmoretopclass

chefswhoappearfrequentlyonourtelevisionscreensandwhoserecipebooksfrequentlytop

thebestsellerlists.

It'sthankstotheseTVchefsratherthananyadvertisingcampaignthatBritonsareturning

awayfrommeat-and-two-vegandready-mademealsandbecomingmoreadventurousintheir

cookinghabits.Itisrecentlyreportedthatthenumberofthosestickingtoatraditionaldietis

slowlydecliningandaroundhalfofBritain'sconsumerswouldliketochangeorimprovetheir

cookinginsomeway.Therehasbeenariseinthenumberofstudentsapplyingforfood

coursesatUKuniversitiesandcolleges.ItseemsthatTVprogrammeshavehelpedchangewhat

peoplethinkaboutcooking.

Accordingtoanewstudyfrommarketanalysts,1in5Britonssaythatwatchingcookery

programmesonTVhasencouragedthemtotrydifferentfood.Almostonethirdsaytheynow

useawidervarietyofingredients(酉己料)thantheyusedto,andjustunder1in4saytheynow

buybetterqualityingredientsthanbefore.OneinfouradultssaythatTVchefshavemade

themmuchmoreconfidentaboutexpandingtheircookeryknowledgeandskills,andyoung

peoplearealsogettingmoreinterestedincooking.TheUK'sobsession(痴迷)withfoodis

reflectedthroughtelevisionscheduling.Cookeryshowsanddocumentariesaboutfoodare

broadcastmoreoftenthanbefore.WithanincreasingnumberofmalechefsonTV,itisno

longer“uncool”forboystolikecooking.

()28.WhatdopeopleusuallythinkofBritishfood?

A.Itissimpleandplain.

B.Itisrichinnutrition.

C.Itlacksauthentictastes.

D.Itdeservesahighreputation.

()29.WhichbestdescribescookeryprogrammesonBritishTV?

A.Authoritative.

B.Creative.

C.Profitable.

D.Influential.

真题答案解析

【典例1文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了AbbyJaramillo和另一位老师在学校开

设UrbanSprouts学校园艺项目，带领学生种菜的经历及其对学生身心健康产生的积极影

响。

26.A推理判断题。根据最后一段中“…theprogrammesbenefitsgobeyondnutrition.

Somestudentsgetsointerestedingardeningthattheybringhomeseedstostarttheirown

vegetablegardens.Besides,workinginthegardenseemstohaveacalmingeffectonJaramillo5s

specialeducationstudents,-'''可知，该项目的好处不仅限于营养。一些学生对园艺工作非

常感兴趣,他们会把种子带回家，开始种自己的菜园。此外，在花园工作似乎对Jaramillo

的接受特殊教育的学生有镇静作用。由此可推知，这个项目的影响是深远的。故选A项。

【典例2][2023•新高考全国口卷]【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了城市

化进程使得人类与自然的接触逐渐减少，尤其是在城市中找到原生态环境的机会越来

越少，而研究表明城市中的原生态环境对人类的健康和幸福感极为重要。

32.B细节理解题。根据第一段中“Ascitiesballoonwithgrowth,accesstonatureforpeople

livinginurbanareasisbecominghardertofind."彳口"一"it'sunusualtofindplacesinacitythat

arerelativelywild."可知，随着城市迅猛发展，城市居民与自然环境的接触逐渐减少,在城市

里找到相对天然的地方是罕见的。故文章开头描述的现象是在城市里很难找到原生态

的大自然。故选B项。

【典例3][2023•全国乙卷]【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了英国的电视烹饪

节目对英国人的饮食习惯产生了巨大的影响，很多人开始摆脱过去的饮食习惯，而且它

也改变了人们对烹饪的看法。

28.A推理判断题。根据第一段中“Probablyfishandcliips,oraSundaydinnerofmeatand

twovegetables.ButisBritishfoodreallysouninteresting?EventhoughBritainhasareputation

forless-than-impressivecuisine…”可知，提到英国食物人们想到的可能是炸鱼薯条，或者是

周日的肉和两种蔬菜晚餐。人们通常认为英国食物不太让人感兴趣，给人的印象不那么

深刻，即简单和普通。故选A项。

29.D推理判断题。根据第二段中“It❷❷sthankstotheseTVchefsratherthanany

advertisingcampaignthatBritonsareturningawayfrommeat-and-two-vegandready-made

mealsandbecomingmoreadventurousintheircookinghabits.”及“ItseemsthatTV

programmeshavehelpedchangewhatpeoplethinkaboutcooking.”可知,电视烹饪节目上的

厨师们让英国人远离传统的“一荤两素”和现成餐食，并开始在烹饪习惯上变得更加冒

险，电视节目似乎帮助改变了人们对烹饪的看法。由此可推知，英国电视上的烹饪节目很

有影响力。故选D项。

模拟好题练习

【典例1】【山东省潍坊市高三下学期3月高中学科核心素养测评】

Seminolewasfartooaccustomedtothebusiness.Everyonesympathizedwithhimdepending

onlonghours,minimumwage,andill-manneredcustomers.Althoughstrugglingtopayhisrent,

hestillwentallouttomakethoseluckyenoughtositathistableslaugh.Thedaywasgoing

quick.

Hewasexhaustedwhenhearrivedtoworkthenextday,buthewentabouthisdailyduties,

puttingonabravefaceascustomerscomplainedaboutthefoodorquestionedthebill.Usually

ashepreparedtocloseforthenight,acoupleofcustomerswouldsitdownandorderdrinks.

Mostofthecrewhadleftbyclosingtime,butSeminolestayedtoserve.Eventually,thelast

roundwasorderedandhegavethemthebill.Theminimumtipwassuggestedonthereceipt.

aTomorrowwillbebettermurmuredhe.

Butluckwasn'tonhisside.Eveningapproaching,agroupofteenagerssteppedin.Thankfully,

theywerepoliteandrespectful.Theircheerfulbehaviorbegantoruboffonhim.Asalways,he

didhisbesttomaketheirdiningexperienceapleasantone.

Oncetheyfinishedtheirdishes,heplacedthebillonthetable,accompaniedwithsomecandies.

Theyplacedtheirnotesonthereceiptandleftsmiling.Whenhereturnedtoclearthetable,he

wasshocked.Theteenagersonlyleftatipof$3,buttheirtotalbillwasmorethan$100.He'd

goneaboveandbeyondservingthetastydishes.Howcouldtheybesorude?

Laterthatweek,hestruggledtoletgooftheawkwardmemories.Hearrivedatworkand

expectedittobelikeanyother,buttherewassomethingleftbehindthedeskforhim一a

twohandwrittenletterfromtheteenagerswith$18attached,inwhichtheyexplainedthey

wereunawareofthetippingpracticeduetoitbeingtheirfirsttimeoutalone.Evetything

suddenlymadesense.

Seminolewassotouchedbytheirgesturethatheuploadedapictureofthelettersharingtheir

admirableefforts.Webvisitorsvoicedtheiropinions,andthereactionwasmorethanpositive.

6.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesSeminole?

A.Patientandinnovative.B.Generousandtolerant.

C.Positiveandcommitted.D.Considerateandambitious.

【典例2］【安徽省合肥市高三第二次教学质量检测】

Duringschoollife,MuhammadTariqKhandevelopedaninterestinplayingbadminton.

Unfortunately,theschooldidnothaveacoach,sohehadtoself-learnthesport.Hisdedication

helpedhimbecomeanunder12PakistanChampionattheageof10.

Comingfromaworking-classfamily,Khanhadtoworkinafactorytoearnmoneyforhis

family.Butdrivenbyhispassion,Khanfoundoutwaystowatchotherplayersplaymatcheson

thebadmintoncourtandhelearnedvarioustechniquesusedbyexperiencedplayers.Meanwhile,

Khanpracticedbadmintonbyhittingtheshuttlecock（羽毛球）againstthewallsofhishome.

Seeinghispassionforthesport,hisfamilyboughthimanet,afewwoodenrackets,andapack

ofshuttlestopracticeathome.Later,Khanoftenpracticedinanopencourt.Tomaintain

strength,hewentondailymorningsprints（短跑）bytheriversidetobefit.

Hisintensepracticesessionshadmadehimsoskilledthathecourageouslyattackedandplayed

againstthetop-rankedplayers.Soonhebecameaknownplayer.Althoughhehadasupportive

family,hecouldnottakeupbadmintonasafull-timecareer.Inordertohelphisfatherwith

financesandshoulderresponsibilityforhisbrothersandsisters,hehadtoswitchhisfocusto

buildalong-lastingandstablecareertosustainhisfamily.Aftercompletinghisdegreein

BachelorofCommercefromSindhUniversityin1964,hejoinedthePakistanInternational

Airlinesin1967.Asanadult,heacknowledgedtheimportanceofhisdutiesandperformed

themwithgreatenthusiasm.Despitehisdailyofficeroutine,Khandidnotleavehispassionfor

sportsandplayedregularly.

ThejourneyofKhan'sachievinghisgoalsisindeedchallenging.Hisfamilyhadspenttheir

initialdaysinarefugee（难民）camp.Khaneverwalkedlongdistancesfromcollegetohis

housetoavoidusingpublictransporttosavecashtobuyshutdecocks.

TodayhehasbeenrecognizedbymanyreputablePakistaniplatformsforhiscontributionto

badminton.Hispersonalityisinspirationalformanyyoungindividuals,whocanlearnfromhim

theartofbalancinglifepressuresandstickingtoapassion!

7.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeKhan?

A.Responsibleanddetermined.B.Modestandcreative.

C.Ambitiousandadventurous.D.Cooperativeandhonest.

【典例3】【吉林省长春市普通高中高三质量监测（三）】

Christmas2020wasshapinguptobeaheartbreakerforMelanieLee.Afewweeksearlier,her

33-year-oldsonhadlosthisbattlewithalongillness.Thenthetransmission（变速器）onher

2007ChevroletTahoefailedtowork.Shehadnomeansofpayingforittobefixed.

“Whenitbrokedown,Ibrokedown,“LeetoldCNN."NowIdon'thavemybaby,andI

don'thavetransportation.HowamIsupposedtostayactiveinmygrandchildren,slives?”

EliotMiddleton,38,whoistheownerofabarbecuerestaurantandformerautomechanic,in

hisfreetime,repairsandgivesawayusedcars.He'dheardaboutLee'sdifficultsituationfrom

hernephewFrankMcClary,themayorofAndrews,SouthCarolina.OnChristmasmorning,

MiddletonshowedupunannouncedatLee'shomewithagift:awhite1993Oldsmobile.

“Ihadnoideawhatwasgoingon,“saidLee."Hehandedmethekeysanddidn'taskfor

anything."Onceagain,she'sabletopickuphergranddaughtersfromschoolandtakethemto

danceclass."Igotmyfreedomback.”

Theideafortheused-cargiveawaycametoMiddletonayearearlierduringafooddrivehe'd

organized.Manyofthosewho'dlinedupforamealwalkeduptofourmilestogetthere

becausetheydidn'thavecars."CarsarealifelineinthispartofSouthCarolina,“Middleton

toldCBS."There'snopublictransportation,noUbers,notaxistotakepeopletojob

interviews,doctorappointments,evenfoodshopping."SohepostedonFacebookanofferto

tradehisrestaurantsspecialty,barbecuedribs,forbroken-downvehicles.Sincethen,friends

andstrangershavedroppedoffmorethan100carsinvariousstatesofdisrepair.Manysitin

Middletonsyardwaitingtobepatchedupanddonated,usuallytothosehe'sheardabout

throughwordofmouth.Itsalistofnamesthatgrowsdaily.

aPeoplethinkEliotisanangel,“MayorMcClarytoldtheWashingtonPost."AndIdotoo.”

27.Accordingtothetext,whichwordscanbestdescribeMiddleton?

A.Outgoingandorganized.B.Modestandoptimistic.

C.Generousandcautious.D.Caringandskillful.

【典例4］【辽宁省辽东南普通高中协作校第一次模拟】

Ibecameawareofmystutter（结巴）whenIwasaround9,inthefourthgrade.Ibegantosee

howotherpeopleviewedme.Whentheteacheraskedthewholeclassquestions,Ineverraised

myhandthoughIknewtheanswer,becauseIknewIwouldstutter.Somekidswouldtellme

thatItalkedfunny,askwhyIdidn'ttalknormally,orlaughatme.Assoonasthatstartedto

happen,Ibecamemoreintroverted（内向的）.

Itwasn'tuntilthesummerof2015,beforefreshmanyearathighschool.Allmyfriendsandmy

parentsencouragedmetojointhehighschoolfootballteam.Iowedmuchtothem,especially

CoachLanewhotaughtmehowtoplayfootball.Hetookthetime-andhadthepatience-to

actuallyteachmewhattodo,howtodoitandhowtounderstandtheconceptsofplay.

Injunioryear,Istartedmyfirstgameforthehighschoolteam.Ihadaverygoodseasonandin

January2018,IsignedtheUniversityofNorthCarolina.Theolderweget,themoreofan

understandingwehaveabouttheworldandotherpeople.Sothefirsttimemyteammatesin

collegeheardmetalkandheardthatIstuttered,theydidnotsayathing.Thatwasabigdealto

mebecauseIwassousedtopeoplemakingcomments.Myteammatesactuallytellmetoslow

downbecausetalkingfastercausesmetostuttermore.It'sreallyhelpedmedevelopconfidence.

WheneverIgobackhometoGeorgia,Ivolunteerwithchildrenatmychurch,includingthose

whohavelearningdisabilities.Iliketodothattoinspirethemwithconfidence.Ihad

confidenceissueswhenIwasakidbecauseofmystutter,soIjustdon'twantthemtohaveto

gothroughwhatIdid.Inthefuture,Iwouldliketostartafoundationtogivebacktopeople

whostutterandcreateaprogramwherekidsallacrosstheworldwhohaveastuttercanhavea

safespace.

30.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheauthor?

A.Gratefulandcaring.B.Helpfulandtalkative.

C.Athleticandgenerous.D.Confidentandpatient.

模拟好题答案解析

【山东省潍坊市高三下学期3月高中学科核心素养测评】【文章内容定位】根据第一

段中的aAlthoughstrugglingtopayhisrent,hestillwentallouttomakethoseluckyenoughto

sitathistableslaugh.（尽管付不起房租，他还是竭尽全力让那些有幸坐在他桌旁的人开怀

大笑）”，第二段中的“Mostofthecrewhadleftbyclosingtime,butSeminolestayedto

serve.（大多数店员在打好时离开了，但塞米诺尔留下来服务）"和"Tomorrowwillbe

bettermurmuredhe.（“明天会更好，”他喃喃地说）”及第三段中的aAsalways,hedid

hisbesttomaketheirdiningexperienceapleasantone.（像往常一样，他尽力使他们的用餐体

验愉快）”可推知，尽管塞米诺尔过得很贫困，但是他一直很乐观，而且尽心尽力的做

好自己的工作。故选C。

【安徽省合肥市高三第二次教学质量检测】