高中一轮复习英语话题阅读集训（八）科普知识与现代技术

话题阅读集训（八）科普知识与现代技术Ⅰ.阅读理解A◆TheNeimiThisisbasicallyapairofbrain­controlledcatearsthatallowsuserstoexpressemotionalstates:relaxed,mildinterest,stronginterestandfocus.Thisismadepossiblebyabuilt­inmachinethatreadsandtranslatesemotions.It'sakindoftechnologythatcanalsobeusefulforathletestodeterminethebeststateforperformance.TheNeimicanbeboughtfor$49throughmakerNeurosky'swebsite.◆TheostrichpillowTherearetimeswhenyou'resotiredthatnothingisbetterthantakingashortsleep.Whetherit'sbeingstuckattheofficeoronalongbusrideoratthelibrary,thepillowisdesignedtoputthewearerinsoftsupportivecushioning(缓冲垫)inanyrestingposition.Thestrange­lookingpillowhasaholeinwhichtoputyourhead,andamouthholedesignedtoallowitswearertobreatheeasily.Italsohastwosideholeswhereyoucanstoreyourhands.Itisnowbeingsoldonlinefor$99.◆TheHovding:bikehelmet(头盔)TheHovding:allowsriderstogetaroundeasily.It'sactuallyanairbagsystemthat'swornaroundtheneck,workingonlywhenthere'sasuddenshakeortheunlikelyeventthatmaygetyouknockedoffyourbike.Afterwinningtheworld'smostfamousdesignprize,thecreatorsaredevelopinganewandbettermodel.Nowthefirst­generationhelmetisbeingsoldatvarioussportingshopsthroughoutEuropeforabout$500.◆ThetreadmilldeskThetreadmilldeskonsaleistheperfectsolutionforourincreasinglysedentary(久坐不动的)lifestyles.Recentlyastudyfoundthosewhospentthreehoursadayonatreadmilldeskbecamehealthier.Still,itshouldn'tbetreatedasapanaceafornotgettingenoughexercise.Anotherstudysuggeststhatmeetingtheremendedamountofphysicalactivityrequiresmoreexercisesthanwalking.It'salsoremendedthattreadmillspeedsshouldbelimitedtoaround2milesperhourorlesstomakesuretheycanbeusedsafelywhileworking.eq\x(语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四种奇特的发明。)1．WhenarunnerwearstheNeimi,itcanhelp______.A．showhowheorsheisfeelingB．protecthimorherfrominjuriesC．improvehisorherrunningspeedD．keephimorheringoodcondition解析：选A细节理解题。根据“TheNeimi”部分介绍的“thatallowsuserstoexpressemotionalstates”和“thatcanalsobeusefulforathletestodeterminethebeststateforperformance”可知，theNeimi可以反映出运动员的个人状态。2．What'ssospecialabouttheostrichpillow?A．Itslowcost. B．Itsperfectsize.C．Itsbeautifuldesign. D．Itsamazingconvenience.解析：选D推理判断题。“Theostrichpillow”部分介绍的是一款可以让使用者随时随地打盹的枕头——这个形状怪异的枕头一共有4个洞，一个放头，两个放手，还有一个开口可供呼吸，故该发明的特点就是其便捷性。3．WhatdoweknowabouttheHovding:bikehelmet?A．Itisdesignedforathletes.B．Itisbeingimprovednow.C．Itcanworkatusers'request.D．Itisputonthewearer'sshoulders.解析：选B细节理解题。根据“TheHovding:bikehelmet”部分介绍的“thecreatorsaredevelopinganewandbettermodel”可知，该产品仍在改进中。4．Whatdothefourinventionshaveinmon?A．They'reallonthemarket.B．They'reallhigh­techproducts.C．They'reallexpensivetodevelop.D．They'reallusedtoimprovepeople'shealth.解析：选A推理判断题。根据这四个发明介绍中的“canbebought”“beingsoldonline”“beingsoldatvarioussportingshops”“onsale”可知，它们都已在市场上销售。BShoppingcenters,stadiumsanduniversitiesmaysoonhaveanewtooltohelpfightcrime.ACaliforniapanycalledKnightscopesaysitsrobotscanpredictandpreventcrime.Knightscopesaysthegoalistoreducecrimebyhalfinareastherobotsguard.WilliamSantanaLiisthechiefexecutiveofficerofKnightscope.Hesays,“Theserobotsecurityguardswillchangetheworld.Ourplanethassevenbillionpeopleonit.It'sgoingtoquicklygettoninebillionpeople.Thesecurityequipmentthatwehavegloballyisjustnotgoingtodevelopthatfast.Thepany'sAutonomousDataMachinescanbeetheeyesandearsoflawenforcement(执行)．”“Youwantittobemachinesplushumans.Letthemachinesdotheheavyandsometimesdangerousworkandletthehumansdothestrategicdecision­makingwork,soit'salwaysworkingalltogether.”Themachinesareoneandahalfmeterstallandweigh136kilograms.Theydonotcarryweaponsbuttheyhavedayandnighttimevideocameraswhichareabletoturn360degreesandcanalsosensechemicalandbiologicalweapons.Somepeoplemaybeeconcernedabouttheirprivacy,especiallyinconnectionwiththevideorecordings.SomepeoplemayworrythatsuchrecordingswillappearontheInternet.EugeneVolokh,alawprofessorattheUniversityofCalifornia,saysthemachineshavetobeusedintherightwayanditwillbeinterestingtoseehowstatelawsdealwiththiskindofvideo.WilliamSantanaLisaysthereisalongwaitinglistfortherobotsintheUS.Workersinthepanyareworkingovertimetomeetthedemandsofthemarket.Atleast25othercountriesarealsointerestedintheseroboticsecurityguards.eq\x(语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一款新型的预防犯罪的机器人。)5．Whatcanthisnewtooldoforhumans?A．Makestrategicdecisions.B．Keepwatchingdayandnight.C．Carryheavyweapons.D．Stopcrimeautonomously.解析：选B细节理解题。根据第五段的第二句“Theydonotcarryweapons...sensechemicalandbiologicalweapons.”可知，这种机器人的功能就是能够日夜不停地执勤站岗。6．Whyarepeopleworried?A．Theirprivacymaybeletout.B．Therobotsareveryexpensive.C．Robotswillreplacehumans.D．Theywillbeoutofworksoon.解析：选A细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的第一句“Somepeoplemaybeeconcernedabouttheirprivacy,especiallyinconnectionwiththevideorecordings.”可知，一些人担忧这种机器人所携带的摄像机会记录其隐私，其隐私有可能会被泄露。7．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthetext?A．RobotsAreBeingMorePopularB．RobotsContributeaLottotheWorldC．RobotsAreinGreatDemandNowD．SecurityRobotsCouldHelpCutCrime解析：选D标题归纳题。根据文章第一段并结合全文的整体内容可推知，本文主要介绍了一种新型的预防犯罪的机器人。CYouknowhowmuchyourtelephonehaschangedoverthepast10years?Yourcarwillchangeevenmorethanthatinthenext10years.Oneofthebigchangesisthatcarswilldrivethemselves.“Wedefinitelyhavethetechnologyforitnow，”saysAndrewPoliakofautomotivetechnologysupplierQNX.“Weexpectself­drivingcarstobeamainstreamthingbetween2020and2025.”TheAmericanpanyGooglehasbeenworkingonaself­drivingautomobileforyears.ThesecarsarealreadyontheroadsintheUnitedStatesandaretrulyself­driving.Theyhavenosteeringwheels(方向盘)orpedals.Lastweek,policeorderedoneofGoogle'scarstostopfordrivingtooslowlyonapublicroad.Thecarwasnotbreakinganylaw,sonoonewaspunished.AnotherAmericanpany,Tesla,addedan“Autopilot”featuretoitscarslastmonth.WiththeAutopilotturnedon,thevehicledrivesitself.Thecarwillspeedup,slowdown,brakeandsteerbyitself.Youcantakeoverdrivinganytimebyturningthesteeringwheelortouchingapedal.Thecarusessensorstoknowwhenlane(车道)changingissafeandwhetheritshouldspeeduporslowdown.TeslaAutopilotismadeforcross­countrydriving.Itkeepsyouinthelaneandhelpsyouavoidhittingothercars.Itdoesnotworkaswellonlocalroads,foritwillnotstopataredlightorstopsign.ReporterCarolynNicanderMohrtriedtheAutopilotfeatureofaTeslaearlierthismonth.Shehadahardtimetrustingthecartodowhatitshoulddo.ShethoughtaboutdisablingtheAutopilotfeaturemanytimesduringhertrip.Shewantedtotakecontrolateverybendintheroadandhitthebrakewhenthecarinfrontofhersloweddown.Yetthecardroveperfectly.Otherpaniesareworkingonself­drivingcars,too.Mercedes­Benz,Audi,BMW,VolvoandToyotaallhaveplansforsuchvehicles.eq\x(语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了自动驾驶汽车。)8．Thequestioninthefirstparagraphisusedto________.A．collectreaders'answersB．introducethetopicofthetextC．describethechangestotelephonesD．showthedevelopmentoftechnology解析：选B推理判断题。第一段提出的问题主要是为了引出文章的主题，即：自动驾驶汽车。9．WhatdoAndrewPoliak'swordssuggest?A．Itistoodifficultforpeopletomakeself­drivingcarsnow.B．Self­drivingcarswillbefirstputonthemarketin2020.C．Therewillbemoreself­drivingcarsinuseinthefuture.D．Nobodylovestouseself­drivingcarsatthemoment.解析：选C细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Weexpectself­drivingcarstobeamainstreamthingbetween2020and2025.”可知，AndrewPoliak认为在2020至2025年，自动驾驶汽车将成为主流，因此也就意味着越来越多的自动驾驶汽车投入使用。10．WhydidthepolicestoptheGooglecar?A．Ithadnodriver.B．Itwenttooslowly.C．Itbrokethetrafficrules.D．Ithadnosteeringwheel.解析：选B细节理解题。根据第四段中的“policeorderedoneofGoogle'scarstostopfordrivingtooslowly”可知，谷歌的这辆车之所以被警察拦停是因为行驶过慢。11．Accordingtothetext,TeslaAutopilot________.A．istrueself­drivingB．cansensetrafficlightsC．won'tworkonfreewaysD．isn'tsafeincrowdedareas解析：选D推理判断题。根据第七段中的“Itdoesnotworkaswellonlocalroads,foritwillnotstopataredlightorstopsign.”可知，特斯拉的自动驾驶装置不适于在人多的地方使用。DAfewmonthsago,Jasonaskedhisparentstobuyhimaputer.Allhisfriendsalreadyhadone,sohismomanddadagreed.Duringthefirstfewweeks,Jasonspentalotoftimeinfrontofhisputerbecausehehadtolearnhowitworked.Hewasreallyinterestedinlearningallaboutitandheevenstartedwritingputerprogramshimself.OnedayJasonfoundawebsitewherehecouldplaychesseitheragainsttheputeroragainstotherpeoplefromallovertheworld.Fromthenon,Jasonseemedtohavejustoneinterestinlife,hisputer.Wheneverhisparentstoldhimthathewasspendingtoomuchtimewithhisputer,Jason_went_into_denial.Hedidnotthinkthathehadaproblematall.Thentheunthinkablehappened:Jason'sputerbrokedown.Buthisparentsdecidednottobuyhimanewone.Jasonsaidthatheneededaputerforschool,andhepromisedthathe'dspendlesstimewithit.Buthisparentsrefusedtogivein.Finally,Jasonfeltsohopelessthathetooktheonlywayoutandkilledhimself.RobertJohnson,apsychologistonthesubject,says,“puteraddictionisanillnessthatcaninfluenceanyoneofus.Nowadays,increasingnumbersofpeoplearespendingmoreandmoretimeworkingwithputers.Whilethisisn'taproblemformostusers,somepeople,especiallyteenagers,oftenusetheputertogetawayfromtherealworld.Thisisespeciallytrueofshypeople.Forthem,meetingpeopleonlineisawayofhidingtheirtrueselves.Incyberspace,theycanbewhoevertheywanttobeandcreatetheirownvirtualworld.Butwhathappenswhentheycannolongerentertheirvirtualworld？”eq\x(语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。作者通过此文警告广大青少年要合理利用电脑。)12．WhydidJasonwanttobuyaputeraccordingtoParagraph1?A．Toplaychess.B．Tomakefriends.C．Toavoidbeinganoutsider.D．Towriteputerprograms.解析：选C细节理解题。由第一段中的“Allhisfriendsalreadyhadone,sohismomanddadagreed.”可知，贾森的朋友们都有电脑，而他却没有，为了避免成为圈外人，所以想让父母给自己也买一台，故选C项。13．Bysaying“Jasonwentintodenial”，theauthormeans________.A．JasonwouldnotlistenB．JasonenjoyedhimselfC．JasonwouldturnitoffD．Jasonchangedhismind解析：选A句意理解题。由该句后面的“Hedidnotthinkthathehadaproblematall.”可知，每次父母提醒他玩电脑时间太长了，他都不听，故选A项。14．WhatwasJason'srelationshipwithhisparentslikewhenhisputerbrokedown?A．Fine. B．So­so.C．Terrible. D．Unknown.解析：选C推理判断题。由第三段中的“Buthisparentsrefusedtogivein.”和“Jason...killedhimself”可知，当时他们的关系很糟糕，故选C项。15．InRobertJohnson'sopinion,________.A．itisimpossibletobeatputeraddictionB．shypeoplegetaddictedtoputerseasilyC．teenagersshouldstayawayfromputersD．putersaregettingusintoserioustrouble解析：选B细节理解题。由最后一段中的“somepeople,especiallyteenagers,...shypeople”可知，那些腼腆的人更容易沉迷于电脑所营造的虚拟世界中，故选B项。Ⅱ.完形填空WheneverMichaelCarl,thefashionmarketdirectoratVanityFair,goesouttodinnerwithfriends,heplayssomethingcalledthephonepilegame:Everyoneplacestheir__1__inthemiddleofthetable;whoeverlooksattheirdevice(设备)beforethecheckarrives__2__fordinner.BrandonHolley,theformereditorofLuckymagazine,hadtrouble__3__hermobilephonewhenshegothomefromwork.Soaboutsixmonthsago,shebeganputtingherphoneintoamilktin__4__shewalkedin.Itremainsthereuntilafterdinner.AndMarcJacobs,thefashiondesigner,didn'twanttosleepnexttoanoisy__5__.Sohe__6__putersandphonesfromhisbedroom—ahouserulehe__7__withaudiencesduringascreeningofhisfilmDisconnect.Assmartphones__8__tomaketheirwayintoourlives,andwearabledeviceslikeGoogleGlass__9__ourpersonalspaceevenfurther,userssaythesedisconnecting__10__areimprovingtheirrelationships—and__11__theirbrains.“Disconnectingissomethingthatweallneed，”LesleyM．M.Blume,aNewYorkwriter,toldTheNewYorkTimes.“Theexpectationthatwemustalwaysbe__12__toeveryonecreatesarealproblemintryingto__13__privatetime.Butthatprivatetimeismoreimportantthanever.”Apopularmethodfor__14__istochooseaboxforyourcellphone,likeMs.Holley.“__15__myphoneislightingup,it'sstilladistraction,soitgoesinthe__16__，”shesaid.Otherschoosenew__17__.“Noscreensafter11p.m．，”saidAriMelber,aTVhost.“Ifoundtheeveningsweremore__18__，andIwassleepingbetter，”hesaid.Sleepisabigfactor,whichiswhyPeterSom,afashiondesigner,doesn'twanttosleep__19__somethingthatisfullofphotosande­mails.Hekeepshisphonecharginginthelivingroomovernight.“It__20__isahead­clearer，”saidMr.Som.语篇解读：在日常生活中，很多人过度依赖，本文介绍了几位名人利用各种策略来减少的使用，以给自己留出个人时间。1．A.wallets B．handbagsC．watches D．phones解析：选D本文的主题是如何远离，结合上文的“thephonepilegame”可知，此处指吃饭时大家把放在桌子中间。2．A.pays B．waitsC．prepares D．reaches解析：选A根据上下文可知，他们是在餐馆吃饭，因此，此处表示“谁在账单到来之前看谁就得买单”。payfor意为“为……付钱”，符合语境。3．A.examining B．ignoringC．charging D．finding解析：选B根据第二段的内容可推知，布兰登·霍利在控制自己不看方面有困难，所以她想了个办法：从六个月前开始，她一进门就把放到一个奶粉罐里。4．A.atthemoment B．forthemomentC．themoment D．inamoment解析：选C设空处前后为结构完整的句子，因此，中间需要连词连接。根据语境，此处指她一回到家，themoment意为“一……就……”，符合语境。5．A.bell B．deviceC．clock D．alarm解析：选B根据下文“putersandphones”可知，此处指能发出声音的设备(device)。句意：时尚设计师马克·雅各布斯不想睡在吵闹的设备旁边，因此他禁止在卧室放置电脑和。故选B项。6．A.banned B．lostC．collected D．adjusted解析：选A根据上文“didn'twanttosleepnexttoanoisy__5__”可知，此处指他禁止在卧室用这些设备。ban意为“禁止；取缔”，符合语境。7．A.talked B．agreedC．provided D．shared解析：选D根据马克·雅各布斯的职业及下文的“withaudiencesduringascreeningofhisfilmDisconnect”可知，这是他在公众场合与观众分享(shared)的经验。故选D项。8．A.intend B．chooseC．continue D.happen解析：选C根据下文“evenfurther”可知，在持续(continue)进入我们的生活。故选C项。intendtodosth.意为“打算做某事”；choosetodosth.意为“选择做某事”；happentodosth.意为“碰巧做某事”。9．A.defend B．threatenC．improve D．save解析：选B根据上文的“maketheirwayintoourlives”可知，电子设备侵占我们的私人空间，再结合人们所采取的脱离策略可知，threaten(威胁)符合语境。10．A.techniques B．practicesC．examples D．