2023考研英语真题及参考答案

2023考研英语真题及参考答案

2023年全国硕士研究生招生考试

英语(一)试题

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions：

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumbered

blankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

CaravanseraiswereroadsideinnsthatwerebuiltalongtheSilkRoad

inareasincludingChina,NorthAfricaandtheMiddleEast.Theywere

typicallyloutsidethewallsofacityorvillageandwereusuallyfunded

bylocalgovernmentsof2.

Theword'Caravanserai'isa3ofthePersianwords'karvan’,which

meansagroupoftravellersoracaravan,andseray,apalaceorenclosed

building.Thetermcaravanwasusedto4groupsofpeoplewhotravelled

togetheracrosstheancientnetworkforsafetyreasons,5merchants,

travellersorpilgrims.

Fromthe10thcenturyonwards,asmerchantandtravelroutesbecame

moredeveloped,the6ofCaravanseraisincreasedandtheyservedasasafe

placeforpeopletorestatnight.TravellersontheSilkRoad7the

possibilityofbeingattackedbythievesorbeing8toextremeweather

conditions.Forthisreason,Caravanseraiswerestrategically

placed9theycouldbereachedinaday'straveltime.

CaravanseraisservedasaninformallOpointforthevariouspeoplewho

travelledtheSilkRoad.11,thosestructuresbecameimportantcentresfor

cultural12andinteractionwithtravellerssharingtheircultures,ideas

andbeliefs,13talkingknowledgewiththem,greatlyl4thedevelopmentof

severalcivilisations.

Caravanseraiswerealsoanimportantmarketplaceforcommodities

andl5inthetradeofgoodsalongtheSilkRoad.16,itwasfrequentlythe

firststopformerchantslookingtoselltheirwaresandl7suppliesfor

theirownjourneys.Itis

18thataround12,000to15,000caravanseraiswerebuiltalongtheSilk

Road,19onlyabout3,000areknowntoremaintoday,manyofwhicharein20.

1.A.displayedB.occupiedC.locatedD.equipped

2.A.privatelyB.regularlyC.respectivelyD.permanently

3.A.definitionB.transitionC.substitutionD.combination

4.A.classifyB.recordC.describeD.connect

5.A.apartfromB.insteadofC.suchasD.alongwith

6.A.constructionB.restorationC.impressionD.evaluation

7.A.doubtedB.facedC.acceptedD.reduced

8.A.assignedB.subjectedC.accustomedD.opposed

9.A.sothatB.evenifC.nowthatD.incase

10.A.talkingB.startingC.breakingD.meeting

11.A.BythewayB.OnoccasionC.IncomparisonD.Asaresult

12.A.heritageB.revivalC.exchangeD.status

13.A.withregardtoB.inspiteofC.aswellasD.inlinewith

14.A.completingB.influencingC.resumingD.pioneering

15.A.aidedB.investedC.failedD.competed

16.A.RatherB.IndeedC.OtherwiseD.However

17.A.goinforB.standupforC.closeinonD.stockupon

18.A.believedB.predictedC.recalledD.implied

19.A.untilB.becauseC.unlessD.although

20.A.ruinsB.debtC.fashionD.series

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions：

Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsaftereachtext

bychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)

Text1

TheweatherinTexasmayhavecooledsincetherecentextremeheat,

butthetemperaturewillbehighattheStateBoardofEducationmeeting

inAustinthismonthasofficialsdebatehowclimatechangeistaughtin

Texasschools.

PatHardy,whosympathizedwithviewsoftheenergysector,is

resistingtheproposedchangetosciencestandardsforpre-teenpupils.

Thesewouldemphasizetheprimacyofhumanactivityinrecentclimate

changeandencouragediscussionofmitigationmeasures.

MostscientistsandexpertssharplydisputeHardy?sviews."They

casuallydismissthecareerworkofscholarsandscientistsasjust

anothermisguidedopinion.〃saysDanQuinn,seniorcommunications

strategistattheTexasFreedomNetwork,anon-profitgroupthatmonitors

publiceducation,“WhatmillionsofTexaskidslearnintheirpublic

schoolsisdeterminedtoooftenbythepoliticalideologyofpartisan

boardmembers,ratherthanfactsandsoundscholarship.〃

SuchdebatereflectsfiercediscussionsacrosstheUSandaroundthe

world,asresearchers,policymakers,teachersandstudentsstepup

demandsforagreaterfocusonteachingaboutthefactsofclimatechange

inschools.

AstudylastyearbytheNationalCenterforScienceEducation,a

non-profitgroupofscientistsandteachers,lookingathowstatepublic

schoolsacrossthecountryaddressclimatechangeinscienceclasses,gave

barelyhalfofUSstatesagradeB+orhigher.Amongthe10worstperformers

weresomeofthemostpopulousstates,includingTexas,whichwasgiven

thelowestgrade(F)andhasadisproportionateinfluencebecauseits

textbooksarewidelysoldelsewhere.

GlennBranch,thecentresdeputydirector,cautionsthatsetting

state-levelsciencestandardsisonlyonelimitedbenchmarkinacountry

thatdecentralisesdecisionstolocalschoolboards.Evenifastateis

consideredahighperformerinitssciencestandards,“thatdoesnotmean

itwillbetaught”,hesays.

Anotherissueisthatwhileclimatechangeiswellintegratedinto

somesubjectsandatsomeages一一suchasearthandspacesciencesinhigh

schoolsitisnotaswellrepresentedincurriculaforyoungerchildren

andinsubjectsthataremorewidelytaught,suchasbiologyandchemistry.

Itisalsolessprominentinmanysocialstudiescourses.

Branchpointsoutthat,evenifagrowingnumberofofficial

guidelinesandtextbooksreflectscientificconsensusonclimatechange,

unofficialeducationalmaterialsthatconveymoreslantedperspectives

arebeingdistributedtoteachers.Theyincludematerialssponsoredby

libertarianthink-tanksandenergyindustryassociations.

21.Inparagraph1,theweatherinTexasismentionedto

A.forecastapolicyshiftinTexasschools.

B.stresstheconsequencesofclimatechange.

C.indicatetheatmosphereattheboardmeeting.

D.drawthepublicsattentiontoenergyshortages.

22.WhatdoesQuinnthinkofHardy?

A.Sheexaggeratestheexistingpanic.

B.Shedeniesthevalueofscientificwork.

C.Sheshowsnoconcernforpre-teens.

D.Sheexpressesself-contradictoryviews.

23.ThestudymentionedinParagraph5

A.climateeducationisinsufficientatstatepublicschools.

B.policymakershavelittledriveforscienceeducation.

C.Texasisreluctanttorewriteitssciencetextbooks.

D.environmentalteachinginsomestateslackssupervision.

24.AccordingtoBranch,state-levelsciencestandardsintheUS

A.callforregularrevision.

B.requireurgentapplication.

C.havelimitedinfluence.

D.catertolocalneeds.

25.Itisimpliedinthelastparagraphthatclimatechangeteaching

insomeschools

A.agreetomajorpublicdemands.

B.reflectsteacherspersonalbiases.

C.maymisrepresenttheenergysector.

D.canbeswayedbyexternalforces.

Text2

CommunitiesthroughoutNewEnglandhavebeenattemptingtoregulate

short-termrentalssincesiteslikeAirbnbtookoffinthe2010s.Nowwith

record-highhomepricesandhistoricallylowinventory,there?san

increasedurgencyinsuchregulation,particularlyamongthosewhoworry

thatdeveloperswillcomeinandbuyupswathsofhousingtoflipfora

fortuneontheshort-termrentalmarket.

InNewHampshire,wheretherentalvacancyratehasdroppedbelow1

percent,housingadvocatesfearuncheckedshort-termrentalswillput

furtherpressureonanalreadystrainedmarket.TheStateLegislature

recentlyvotedagainstabillthatwould'vemadeitillegalfortowns

tocreatelegislationrestrictingshort-termrentals.

“Weareatacrisislevelonthesupplyofrentalhousing,“said

NickTaylor,executivedirectoroftheWorkforceHousingCoalitionofthe

GreaterSeacoast.WithoutenoughaffordablehousinginsouthernNew

Hampshiretowns,employersarehavingahardtimeattractingemployees,

andworkersarehavingahardtimefindingaplacetolive,“Taylorsaid.

However,short-termrentalsalsoprovidehousingfortourists,

pointedoutRyanCastle,CEOofalocalassociationofrealter."Alot

ofworkersareservicingthetouristindustry,andthetourismindustry

isservicedbythosepeoplecominginshortterm,“Castlesaid,“and

soit'sacyclicaleffect.”

Short-termrentalsthemselvesarenotthecruxoftheissue,said

KerenHorn,anexpertonaffordablehousingpolicy."Ithinkindividuals

beingabletorentouttheirsecondhomeisagoodthing.Ifit'stheir

vacationhomeanyway,andit'sjustempty,whycan'tyoumakemoneyoff

it?”Hornsaid.Issuesarise,however,whendevelopersattempttocreate

large-scaleshort-termrentalfacilities一defactohotels一tobypass

taxesandregulations."Ithinkthequestionis,shouldn?tadeveloper

who'sreallybuildingahotel,butdisguisingitasnotahotel,betreated

andtaxedandregulatedlikeahotel?”Hornsaid.

Attheendof,governorCharlieBakerofMassachusettssignedabill

toreininthosepotentialinvestor-buyers.Thebillrequireseveryrental

hosttoregisterwiththestatemandatestheycarryinsurance,andopens

thepotentialforlocaltaxesontopofanewstatelevy.Bostontookthings

evenfurther,requiringrenterstoregisterwiththecity'sInspectional

ServicesDepartment.

Hornsaidsimilarregistrationrequirementscouldbenefitstruggling

citiesandtowns,but“ifwewanttomakeachangeinthehousingmarket,

themainoneiswehavetobuildalotmore.”

26.WhichofthefollowingistrueofNewEngland?

A.Itshousingsupplyisataverylowlevel.

B.Itscommunitiesareinneedoffunding.

C.Itsrentalvacancyrateisgoingupslowly.

D.Itshomepricesareunderstrictcontrol.

27.ThebillmentionedinParagraph2wasintendedto

A.curbshort-termrentalspeculation.

B.ensurethesupplyofcheaphousing.

C.punishillegaldealingsinhousing.

D.allowafreeshort-termrentalmarket.

28.ComparedwithCastle,Taylorismorelikelytosupport

A.furtherinvestmentinlocaltourism.

B.anincreaseinaffordablehousing.

C.strictmanagementofrealestateagents.

D.afavorablepolicyforshort-termworkers.

29.WhatdoesHornemphasizeinParagraph5?

A.Theurgencytoupgradeshort-termrentalfacilities.

B.Theefficientoperationofthelocalhousingmarket.

C.Thenecessitytostopdevelopersfromevadingtaxes.

D.Theproperproceduresforrentingoutsparehouses.

30.Hornholdsthatimposingregistrationrequirementsis

A.anirrationaldecision.

B.anunfeasibleproposal.

C.anunnecessarymeasure.

D.aninadequatesolution.

Text3

Ifyou'reheadingforyournearestbranchofWaterstones,thebiggest

bookretailerintheUK,insearchoftheDuchessofSussex'snewchildren'

sbookTheBench,youmighthavetobepreparedtohuntaroundabit,the

samemaybetrueofThePresident?sDaughter,thenewthrillerbyBill

ClintonandJamesPatterson.Bothofthesebooksarepublishednextweek

byPenguinRandomHouse(PRH),acompanycurrentlyinvolvedinastand-off

withWaterstones.

Theproblembeganlatelastyear,whenPRHconfirmedthatithad

introducedacreditlimitwithWaterstones“ataverysignificantlevel”.

ThetrademagazineTheBookseilerreportedthatWaterstonesbranch

managerswerebeingtoldtoremovePRHbooksfromprominentareassuch

astables,displayspacesandwindows,andwereuquietlyretiringthem

totheirrelevantsections”.

PRHdeclinedtocommentontheissue,butaspokespersonfor

Waterstonestoldme:aWaterstonesarecurrentlyoperatingwithreduced

credittermsfromPRH,theonlypublisherintheUKtoplaceany

limitationsonourabilitytotrade.WearenotboycottingPRHtitlesbut

wearedoingourutmosttoensurethatavailabilityforcustomersremains

gooddespitetheloweroveralllevelsofstock.Wearehopefulwithour

shopsnowopenagainthatnormalitywillreturnandthatwewillbeallowed

tobuyappropriately.Certainly,ourshopsareexceptionallybusy.The

salesforourMayBooksoftheMonthsurpassedanymonthsince.”

Inthemeantime,PRHauthorshavebeenthelosers.Big-namePRH

authorsmaysufferabit,butit'sthosemid-listauthors,whonormally

relyonWaterstonesstaff?spassionforpromotingbooksbylesser-known

writers,whowillbeprayingforanendtothedispute.

Itcomesatatimewhenauthorsarealreadyworriedaboutthe

consequencesoftheproposedmergerbetweenPRHandanotherbigpublisher,

SimonSchuster一thereductioninthenumberofunalignedUKpublishers

islikelytoleadtofewerbiddingwars,loweradvances,andmore

conformityintermsofwhatispublished.

“Thisisallpartofawiderchangetowardsconcentrationofpower,“

saysliteraryagentAndrewLownie."Thepublishingindustrytalksabout

diversityintermsofauthorsandstaffbutitalsoneedsapluralityof

waysofdeliveringintellectualcontact,choiceanddifferentvoices.

Afterall,manyofthemostinterestingbooksinrecentyearshavecome

fromsmallpublishers.”

Weshallseewhetherthatpluralityisacasualtyofthecurrentneed

amongpublisherstobebigenoughtotakeonall-comers.

31.TheauthormentionstwobooksinParagraph1topresent

A.anongoingconflict.

B.anintellectualconcept.

C.aprevailingsentiment.

D.aliteraryphenomenon.

32.WhydidWaterstonesshopsretirePRHbookstotheirrelevant

sections?

A.Tomakethemeasilynoticeable.

B.TocomplywithPRH'srequirement.

C.TorespondtoPRH'sbusinessmove.

D.Toarrangetheminasystematicway.

33.WhatmessagedoesthespokespersonforWaterstonesseemtoconvey?

A.Theircustomersremainloyal.

B.Thecreditlimitwillberemoved.

C.Theirstockisunderestimated.

D.Thebookmarketisratherslack.

34.Whatcanbeoneconsequenceofthecurrentdispute?

A.Salesofbooksbymid-listPRHwritersfalloffconsiderably.

B.Lesser-knownPRHwritersbecomethetargetofcriticism.

C.Waterstonesstaffhesitatetopromotebig-nameauthors?books.

D.Waterstonesbranchessufferaseverereductioninrevenue.

35.WhichofthefollowingstatementsbestrepresentsLownie'sview?

A.Smallpublishersoughttosticktogether.

B.Bigpublisherswilllosetheirdominance.

C.Thepublishingindustryishavingahardtime.

D.Themergerofpublishersisaworryingtrend.

Text4

Scientificpapersaretherecordkeepersofprogressinresearch.Each

yearresearcherspublishmillionsofpapersinmorethan30,000journals.

Thescientificcommunitymeasuresthequalityofthosepapersinanumber

ofways,includingtheperceivedqualityofthejournal(asreflectedby

thetitle'simpactfactor)andthenumberofcitationsaspecificpaper

accumulates.Thecareersofscientistsandthereputationoftheir

institutionsdependonthenumberandprestigeofthepaperstheyproduce,

butevenmoresoonthecitationsattractedbythesepapers.

Citationcartels,wherejournals,authors,andinstitutionsconspire

toinflatecitationnumbers,haveexistedforalongtime.In,researchers

developedanalgorithmtorecognizesuspiciouscitationpatterns,

includinggroupsofauthorsthatdisproportionate1yciteoneanotherand

groupsofjournalsthatciteeachotherfrequentlytoincreasetheimpact

factorsoftheirpublications.Recently,anotherexpressionofthis

predatorybehaviorhasemerged:so-calledsupportserviceconsultancies

thatprovidelanguageandothereditorialsupporttoindividualauthors

andtojournalssometimesadvisecontributorstoaddanumberofcitations

totheirarticles.

Theadventofelectronicpublishingandauthors?needtofindoutlets

fortheirpapersresultedinthousandsofnewjournals.Thebirthof

predatoryjournalswasn'tfarbehind.Thesejournalscanactasmilkcows

whereeverysinglearticleinanissuemayciteaspecificpaperoraseries

ofpapers.Insomeinstances,thereisabsolutelynorelationshipbetween

thecontentofthearticleandthecitations.Thepeculiarpartisthat

thejournalthattheeditorissupposedlyworkingforisnotprofiting

atall一itisjustprovidingcitationstootherjournals.Suchpractices

canleadanarticletoaccruemorethan150citationsinthesameyear

thatitwaspublished.

Howinsidiousisthistypeofcitationmanipulation?Inoneexample,

anindividual-actingasauthor,editor,andconsultant一wasabletouse

atleast15journalsascitationproviderstoarticlespublishedbyfive

scientistsatthreeuniversities.TheproblemisrampantinScopus,a

citationdatabase,whichincludesahighnumberofthenewuinternational

journals.Infact,alistinginScopusseemstobeacriteriontobe

targetedinthistypeofcitationmanipulation.

Scopusitselfhasallthedatanecessarytodetectthismalpractice.

Redflagsincludealargenumberofcitationstoanarticlewithinthe

firstyear.Andforauthorswhowishtosteerclearofcitationcartel

activities:whenaneditor,areviewer,orasupportserviceasksyouto

addinappropriatereferences,donotobligeanddoreporttherequestto

thejournal.

36.AccordingtoParagraph1,thecareersofscientistscanbe

determinedby.

A.howmanycitationstheirworkscontain.

B.howmanytimestheirpapersarecited.

C.theprestigeofthepeopletheyworkwith.

D.thestatustheyhaveinscientificcircles.

37.Thesupportserviceconsultanciestendto.

A.recommendjournalstotheirclients

B.listcitationpatternstheirclients

C.askauthorstoincludeextracitations

D.advisecontributorstociteeachother

38.TheFunctionofthe“milkcow“journalsisto.

A.boostcitationcountsforcertainauthors

B.helpscholarspublisharticlesatlowcost

C.instructFirst-timecontributorsincitation

D.increasethereadershipofnewjournals

39.WhatcanbelearnedaboutScopusfromthelasttwoparagraphs?

A.ItFosterscompetitionamongcitationproviders.

B.Ithasthecapabilitytoidentifysuspiciouscitations.

C.Ithindersthegrowthof“international“journals.

D.Itisestablishedtopreventcitationmanipulation.

40.Whatshouldanauthordotodealwithcitationmanipulators?

A.Takelegalaction.

B.Demandanapology.

C.Seekprofessionaladvice

D.Revealtheirmisconduct.

PartB

Directions:

Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.Forquestions

41-45,youarerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherent

textbychoosingfromthelistA-Handfillingthemintothenumberedboxes.

ParagraphsA,EandHhavebeencorrectlyplaced.Markyouranswerson

theANSWERSHEET.(10points)

[A]Lastyearmarksthe150thanniversaryofaseriesofYellowstone

photographsbytherenownedlandscapephotographerWilliamHenryJackson.

Hecapturedthefirst-evershotsoficoniclandmarkssuchastheTetons,

OldFaithfulandtheColoradoRockies.Jacksonsnappedthemonalate

19th-centuryexpeditionthroughtheYellowstoneBasinthatwasconducted

bytheheadoftheU.S.GeologicalandGeographicalSurveyofthe

Territories,FerdinandV.Hayden.Theteamincludedameteorologist,a

zoologist,amineralogist,andanagriculturalstatistician.

[B]TWOcenturiesago,theideaofpreservingnature,ratherthan

exploitingit,wasanovelonetomanyU.S.settlers.Oneoftheturning

pointsinpublicsupportforlandconservationefforts一andrecognizing

themagnificenceoftheYellowstoneregioninparticular一cameinthe

formofvividphotographs.

[C]AsaneffectiveWashingtonoperator,Haydensensedthathecould

capitalizeontheexpedition'sstunningvisuals.HeaskedJacksontoprint

outlargecopiesanddistributedthem,alongwithreproductionsofMoran?

spaintings,toeachmemberofCongress."Thevisualization,particularly

thosephotographs,reallyhithomethatthisissomethingthathastobe

protected,“saysMurphy.

[D]Throughoutthetrip,Jacksonjuggledmultiplecamerasandplate

sizesusingthecollisionprocessthatinvolvedcoatingtheplateswith

achemicalmixture,exposingthemanddevelopingtheresultingimageswith

aportabledarkrooms.Thecrudetechniquerequirededucatedguesseson

exposurestimes,andinvolvedheavy,awkwardequipment一severalmenhad

toassistinitstransportation.Despitethesechallenges,Jackson

captureddozensofstrikingphotos,rangingfrommajesticimageslikehis

now-famoussnapshotofoldfaithful,tocasualportraitsofexpedition

membersthatthecamp.Whileveteransofpreviousexpeditionshadwritten

atlengthaboutstunningsights,thesevividphotographswereanother

thingentirely.

[E]Thewell-documentedYellowstonejourneyofficiallybeganinOgden,

UtahonJune8,1871.Overnearlyfourmonths,dozensofmenmadetheir

wayonhorsebackintoMontanaandtraversedalongtheYellowstoneRiver

andaroundYellowstoneLake.Thatfall,theyconcludedthesurveyinFort

Bridger,Wyoming.

[F]ThoughNativeAmericans(andlaterminersandfurtrappers)had

longrecognizedthearea'sriches,mostAmericansdidnot.That'swhy

Hayden?sexpeditionaimedtoproduceafullerunderstandingofthe

YellowstoneRiverregion,fromitshotspringsandwaterfallstoits

varietyoffloraandfauna.Inadditiontotheentourageofscientists,

theteamalsoincludedartists:PainterThomasMoranandphotographer

WilliamHenryJacksonwerechargedwithcapturingthisastoundingnatural

beautyandsharingitwiththeworld.

[G]ThebillprovedlargelypopularandsailedthroughCongresswith

largemajoritiesinfavor.Inquicksuccession,theSenateandHouse

passedlegislationprotectingYellowstoneinearly1872.

[H]Perhapsmostimportantly,theseimagesprovideddocumentary

evidenceofthepark'ssightsthatlatermadeitswaytogovernment

officials.Weeksaftercompletingtheexpedition,Haydencollectedhis

team'sobservationsintoanextensivereportaimedatconvincingsenators

andrepresentatives,alongwithcolleaguesatgovernmentagencieslike

theDepartmentoftheInterior,thatYellowstoneoughttobepreserved.

2023年全国硕士研究生招生考试

英语(一)参考答案

41-45：BFDCG

PartC

Directions:

Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlined

segmentsintoChinese.WriteyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

TherehasbeensomeexplorationaroundtheuseofAIindigital

marketing.Forexample,AI