2021-2022学年重庆实验中学高一（下）第一次月考英语试卷（附答案详解）

2021-2022学年重庆实验中学高一（下）第一次月考英语

试卷

一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共37.5分）

A

*Afterthefire,whatnow?

BishopPatrickChauvet,NotreDame's（巴黎圣母院）manager,admittedthatthefamous

buildingwouldclosefor"fivetosixyears"ashespokewithlocalbusinessowners

Wednesday.Headdedthatitwasunclearwhatthechurch's67employeeswouldbedoinginthe

future.FrenchPresidentEmmanuelMacronsaidTuesdaythathewantedthechurchrebuiltin

fiveyears.

*Whatarethenewrules?

Whiletouristscantgoinsidethesiteitself,theareastillmayprovepopulartothosepayingtheir

respects.Visitorsarewelcometowritemessagesofsupportinboththemainandlocalcityhalls.

Theislandthathousesthechurchhasbeenclosedandthepeopletherehavebeensincethe

fire.ParisbusinessmenwhodependonNotreDametourismareworriedaboutthechurch's

futureaswellastheirown.

*

It'sknownthatspringisabusytimefortouristsinParis.Thetravelcompanyrecommends

peoplevisitotherplaces,liketheBasiliqueSaint-Denis,theSacre-Coeurandsoon.Thosewho

tendtoobservechurchservicesduringHolyWeekareadvisedtogotoSaint-Eustache.

*Lookingaheadtorebuilding

Itseemsrebuildingcanbegin,sincefirefightersputoutthefireearlyTuesday,morethan12

hoursafternearly400firefightershadbattledtheflamesthatchangedthecity'sskyline.Two

policemenandonefirefighterwerebadlyinjured,accordingtotheParisFireService.

Alargecampaigntoraisemoneyalreadyisunderwaytorebuildthechurch.Upto

Wednesday,donationscameto$1billion.

1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"evacuated"mean?

A.movedB.examinedC.recognisedD.pretended

2.Whichofthefollowingsubtitlescanfillintheblank?

A.Saint-Eustacheisfavoredbytourists.

B.Tourcompaniesofferotherchoices.

C.ChurchculturedevelopsfastinParis.

D.ThebesttimetovisitParisisspring.

3.Accordingtothepassage,whatwillhappenafterthefire?

A.Thegovernmentwillarrangeworkfor67employees.

B.Visitorswillbeforbiddentoleavemessagesanywhere.

C.ChurchesinPariswillalsobeexaminedandrepaired.

D.Moremoneywillbedonatedfortherebuildingproject.

B

AmericangymnastSimoneBilesfliesthroughtheairasthoughshewasmadeforit.Shehas

wonmoreWorldChampionshipgoldmedalsthananyotherfemalegymnastinhistory.Sheis

alsothefirstwomengymnasttowinthreeWorldall-aroundtitlesinarow.Acomplicatedflip

（翻转动作）sheintroducedinthe2013WorldChampionshipsisoneoffourskillsthatare

namedafterher,andsomeconsiderherthegreatestofalltime.

Athletesareunderpressure,andasmallmistakecanresultinseriousinjury.AttheSummer

OlympicGamesinTokyo,Bilesexperiencedsomethinggymnastcall"thetwisties,'1whichis

whenagymnasthasnoideawherehisorherbodyisintheair.Insteadofputtingherselfandher

teamatrisk,Bilesgaveupthecompetition.However,sheworkedoutinaprivategymandwas

abletocompeteinthelast-scheduledindividualevent：thebalancebeam,winningthebronze

medal.

Whenshewasyoung,BileswasraisedbyhergrandfatherRon,andwasintroducedto

gymnasticsattheageof6onaschoolfieldtriptoagym.Shesawsomegymnasts

practicing,begancopyingtheirmovesandinsistedthatherparentssendherforgymnastics

lessons.Acoachatthegymalsorecognizedhertalentandsentaletterhomeaskingherparents

tosendherforlessons.

Throughouthercareer,Bileshaskeptherpassionforthesport,whichcanbeseenclearlyinthe

hugesmilesheoftenwearswhilecompeting.Butshealsowantspeopletoknowtheimportance

ofputtingmentalhealthfirstandnotignoringhowstresscaninfluencethem.

InBiles*2016memoir（回忆录）,titledCouragetoSoar,thebooktellsinherwords"howmy

faithandmyfamilymademywildestdreamscometrue.Andhowembracingadreamcangive

第2页，共23页

youcouragetosoar.'1Biles*abilitytoperformatthehighestlevelhasinspirednewgenerations

ofathletes,butherwillingnesstobehonestaboutherstrugglesinspireseveryone.

4.Whatdoesparagraph1mainlytellusaboutBiles?

A.Herhighspirit.B.Herwidefame.

C.Hergreatachievements.D.Herwonderfulskills.

5.WhathappenedtoBilesattheTokyoSummerOlympicGames?

A.Shewasseriouslyinjured.B.Shehadahardtime.

C.Shegotagoldmedal.D.Sheputherteamatrisk.

6.WhatdoweknowaboutBilesfromthetext?

A.Shehasgotthemostgoldmedalsinhistory.

B.Fourskillswerenamedafterherin2013.

C.Sheshowedhertalentforgymnasticsatanearlyage.

D.Hergrandfatherinsistedthatshetakegymnasticslessons.

7.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeBiles?

A.Strong-willedandtalented.B.Confidentandwarm-hearted.

C.Determinedandgenerous.D.Hard-workingandcurious.

c

Inrecentyears,researchersofCornellUniversity'sFoodandBrandLabarestudyinghow

environmentalfactorsinfluencemanyAmericanstounnoticeablyeattoomuch.Manypeople

wronglybelievethatfactorslikehungerorboredomanddepressionarethemaincausesof

overeating,buttheirresearchhasshownotherwise.ltisthoughtthatweovereatifthefoodis

goodorifwe'rereallyhungry.Inreality,thosearetwoofthelastthingsthatdeterminehow

muchweeat.

Inoneexperiment,theresearcherplacedjarsofcandiesinworkers'officesforamonth.Then,he

movedthecandies1.8maway.Theofficeworkersatefivemorecandieseachdaywhenthejar

wasclosertothem,equalinganadditional125caloriesaday.Itdoesnotsoundtoobad,butadd

thatupoverayearandyouwillhavegained5.4kg."Ifsomethingisvisible,everytimewesee

it,wehavetomakeadecision：toeatitornot?ntheresearcherexplained.

Intheotherexperiment,moviegoersweregivenfive-day-oldpopcorn,someinmedium-size

buckets,someinlargebuckets.Theresearcherfoundthatmoviegoerswhohadthelarger

bucketsate53percentmore,despiteitsunpleasanttaste.Hebelievesthatthedistractionofthe

movieandhearingotherseatthepopcornpersuadepeopletokeepeating.

Thefindingsinotherresearcheshaveshownthatwetendtoeatmorewhenweuselarger

dishes,eatinfrontofthetelevision,ordinewithsomeonewhoeatsalot.Researchersofthelab

adviseagradualapproachinchangingeatinghabits.Peoplecancutacoupleofhundredcalories

adaybydoingthingssuchasavoidingopenfooddishesattheoffice,usingsmallerserving

bowls,sittingnexttotheslowesteaterandbeingthelastonetostarteating.

8.Whatisthetruthshownbythestudy?

A.Wecatmorewhenthefoodisgood.

B.Peopletendtoeatalotwhentheydineout.

C.Feelingdepressedleadsustoovereat.

D.Hungerisnotthekeyfactorinovereating.

9.Whatcanwelearnfromthetwoexperiments?

A.Peopleturntomorecandiesformoreenergy.

B.Officeworkerseatmorecandiesduetovisibility.

C.Moviegoerseatmorepopcornbecauseitistasty.

D.Peoplekeepeatingpopcomtoenjoythemovie.

10.Whatissuggestedinchangingeatinghabits?

A.Diningwithslimpersons.B.Eatingwhilewatchingfilms

C.Usingsmallerdishes.D.Startingeatingearlier.

11.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?

A.Todisplayaresearchprocess.

B.Toinstructhowtodoresearchexperiments.

C.Towarnagainstovereating.

D.Toadvisebeingamindfuleater.

D

OnafarminEngland,GavinandAliceMunroaretakingsustainabilitytothenextlevel：they

harvesttreeswhichtheygrowintochairs.

Thecouplehaveafurniture（家具）farminDerbyshirewheretheyaregrowing250chairs,100

lampsand550tables.ltistheiranswertowhattheyseeastheinefficient（无效率的）process

ofcuttingdownmaturetreestocreatefurniture.

"Insteadofforce-growingatreefor50yearsandthencuttingitdownandmakingitinto

smallerandsmallerbits***theideaistogrowthetreeintotheshapethatyouwantdirectly.It's

likeakindof3Dprinting,"saidGavin.

第4页，共23页

PartoftheinspirationfortheideacamewhenGavinwasayoungboy.Hespottedanovergrown

bonsaitree（盆栽）whichlookedlikechair.

The44-year-oldbeganexperimentingin2006.In2012,GavinandAlicesetupthecompany

FullGrown.Withinseveralyears,thecoupledevelopedthemosteffectivewaytoshapeatree

withoutlimitingitsgrowth.Theyguidedshoots（嫩枝）alreadyheadingintheright

direction,ratherthanforcethemthewrongwayagainsttheirnaturalgrowth.

Theaveragechairtakessixtonineyearstogrow-andanotheryeartodryout.Thelaborand

timeinvolvedinproducingtheorganicpiecesmeanstheydonotcomecheap.Chairssellfor

£10,000each,lampsfor£900to£2,300andtablesfor£2,500to£12,500.

12.Howcouldthecouplegrowtreesintoashapetheyneeded?

A.Theyused3Dprinting.

B.Theylimitedtheirgrowth.

C.Theyforcedtreesintodifferentshapes.

D.Theyguidedtheirshootsintherightdirection.

13.WhendidGavingettheideaofgrowingfurniture?

A.Whenhewasachild.

B.Whentheygotmarried.

C.Whentheyboughtthefarm.

D.Whentheybeganexperimentingin2006.

14.Whichcanbestdescribethefurniture?

A.Bigandeco-friendly.B.Naturalbutexpensive.

C.Hand-madeandcreative.D.Traditionalbutorganic.

15.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?

A.ACoupleGrowFurniture

B.ExpensiveGrownChairs

C.It'sAGoodTryOfSustainability

D.GrownTreesGainPopularity

二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共12.5分）

SimplewaystoimproveyourwrittenEnglishManypeoplethinkitisreallydifficulttoimprove

（提高）theirwritinginEnglish.Don'tworry,though.Herearesomesimplestepsthatyoucan

taketoimproveyourwrittenEnglish.

•Increaseyourvocabulary.

Toexpressyourselfclearly.youneedagoodactivevocabulary.That'snotjustbeingableto

knowlotsofwords-itmeansactuallybeingabletousethemcorrectly.⑴

Tip：Whenyoulearnanewword,trytolearnalltheformsofthatword.

•£2L

Peopleoftensaythatwelearntowritebestbyreading.ReadinginEnglishisusefulinmany

ways.Itisagreatwaytogetanideaofthedifferentstylesofwritingandseehowtousewords

properly.

Tip：(3)Learningshouldn'tbeboring.Readeachtextseveraltimestomakesureyou

understandhowtousenewwordsandexpressionsinthetext.

•Improveyourgrammar.

Grammarisveryimportantbecauseitimprovesthequality(质量)ofyourwriting.

Tip：(4)Thefirsttime,lookforgeneralmistakesandthesecondtimelookformistakeswith

thegrammarpointyouarestudyingatthemoment.

•Justdoit!

Thebestwaytoimproveyourwritingistogetapenandpaperandwrite.Bepreparedtowrite

severalversions(版本)ofeachtext.(5)

A.Knowyourreaders.

B.Readwidelyandoften.

C.Alwayscheckyourwritingtwice.

D.Remember,practicemakesperfect!

E.Choosebooksorarticlesthatinterestyou.

F.Usesimplerlanguageandshortersentencestoshowyourideas.

G.Dothisbylearningnewwordswithexamplesentences,notjustwordlists.

16.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.

EF.FG.G

17.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.

EF.FG.G

18.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.

EF.FG.G

第6页，共23页

19.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.

EF.FG.G

20.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.

EF.FG.G

三、完形填空(本大题共15小题，共15.0分)

Itisindeedtruethatageisnotabarrier(障碍)toleaming.PriscillaSitienei,a90-year-old

woman,has(2_l)itandisaninspirationtoallofuswhotendtogiveupso(22).

Priscilla,asayounggirl,didnothavethe(23)toreadandwrite.Whatshecouldnotdothendid

notstopherfromdreamingand(24)makingthosedreamscometrue.Shehas(25)LeadersVision

PreparatorySchoolinhervillageinKenyafbrthepastfiveyears.Whatisevenmore(26)isthat

shegoestoschoolwithhergreat-grandchildren!Shesaysthatshehasbig(27)andthatshe'dlike

tobeableto(28)theBible(圣经).Shealsowantsto(29)childrentoreceiveschoolingandto

followtheir(30).

Herdayatschoolisthesameasanyotherstudenfs.Shewearsher(31)toschoolandattends

English,Maths,Drama,Singing,PhysicalEducation,andDanceclasses.Abovethat,shelivesin

oneoftheschooldormitories,whereshe(32)theroomwithhergreat-great-grandchild.All

pupils(33)herandwanttoplaywithher.Shesetsanexampletothosewhohave(34)andthink

theyaretoooldtoget(35).Shesays,MWell,IamatschooLandsoshouldyou!1'

21.A.experiencedB.provedC.foughtD.postponed

22.A.bravelyB.slowlyC.easilyD.certainly

23.A.abilityB.courageC.opportunityD.talent

24.A.stickingtoB.takingtoC.imaginingD.risking

25.A.caredforB.attendedC.studiedD.visited

26.A.beautifulB.frighteningC.interestingD.intelligent

27.A.difficultyB.issuesC.creativityD.goals

28.A.readB.writeC.buyD.design

29.A.warnB.inspireC.recommendD.challenge

30.A.teachersB.curiosityC.dreamsD.audience

31.A.uniformB.glassesC.clothesD.hat

32.A.exchangesB.rentsC.selectsD.shares

33.A.ignoreB.helpC.loveD.attack

34.A.studentsB.kidsC.friendsD.parents

35.A.paidB.educatedC.movedD.noticed

四、语法填空(本大题共1小题，共15.0分)

36.In2005,TanyaPinto,ayoungbusinesswomanintheUS,paidavisit⑴her

birthplaceJndia.Thereshetraveledandspentthreemonths(2)(volunteer)todo

somethingforchildreningreatneed.Theexperiencewaslifechanging.Andthat'swhyshe

⑶(start)BaalDanCharities,meaning"Helpingchildren."

Atfirst,BaalDanprovidedstreetchildrenwith

clothes.Later,food,medicine,schoolbooks,andsomeeducation(4)(give)to

orphanages,schoolsandlocalprojects.Tanyagotfirstdonations(捐赠)fromfriendsand

co-workersandtoday,morepeoplecometoherhelpoutof(5)(kind).

Itisagreatjob.Atacarecenter,twoboys,(6)Tanya'scharityhadhelped,recognizedher

andeagerlytoldhertheyweredoingwellaftertheywererescuedfromthestreets.Inthe

years(7)(come),Tanyahopestodomore."Iwilltakethemtothezoo,theparkorfor

anouting.AndI'lldothingsthatarereallyfun(8)(activity),becauseIliketobringsome

funintotheirpoorlife,"saysTanya.

WhatTanyadoesis⑼(inspire).Ifyou'renotrichorfamous,youcanstilldosomething

tohelpmake(10)betterworld.

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

(10)

五、书面表达(本大题共2小题，共40.0分)

第8页，共23页

37.假定你是李华，某中学生杂志英语习作专栏正在开展主题为

nWhyshouldwelearnEnglish?”的征文活动.请你根据所给要点写一篇征文稿.

1.提高学习语言的能力；

2.有助于了解异国文化；

3.能够结识更多的朋友.

注意：1.词数100个左右；

2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯.

38.Deepintothenight,outsideWashington,thebuspulledintoroadsiderestaurant,and

everybodygotoffexceptVingo.Hesatrootedinhisseat,andtheyoungpeoplebeganto

wonderabouthim,tryingtoimaginehislife.Whentheywentbacktothebus,oneofthe

girlssaidbrightly,nWe'regoingtoFlorida.Ihearit'sreallybeautiful.1'

"Itis,"hesaidquietly,asifrememberingsomethinghehadtriedtoforget.

"Areyoumarried?"

nIdon'tknow.”

"Youdon'tknow?"shesaid.

"Well,whenIwasinprisonIwrotetomywife,"hesaid,nItoldherthatIwasgoingtobe

awayforalongtime,andthatifshecouldn'tstandit,ifithurttoomuch,well,shecouldjust

forgetme.I'dunderstand.Getanewguy,andforgetaboutme.Itoldhershedidn'thaveto

writetome.Andshedidn't.Notforthreeandahalfyears.1'

"Andyou'regoinghomenow,notknowingwhethershe'sstillthereornot?”

“Yeah,"hesaidshyly."Well,lastweek,whenIwassuretheparole（假释）wascoming

through,!wrotetoheragain.There'sabigoaktreejustasyoucomeintotown.Itoldher

thatifshe'dtakemeback,sheshouldputayellowhandkerchief（手绢）onthetree,andTd

getoffandcomehome.Ifshedidn'twantme,forgetit-nohandkerchief,andI'dgoon

through.1'

"Wow,"thegirlexclaimed.

Thenextmorningtheywere20milesfromBrunswick,andtheyoungpeopletookover

windowseatsontherightside,waitingfortheapproachofthegreatoaktree.Vingo

stoppedlooking,tighteninghisface,asifhavingnocouragetofaceanother

disappointment.

However,somethingunexpectedhappened.Vingosattherestunned（目瞪口呆的）,

lookingattheoaktree.ltwascoveredwithhundredsofyellowhandkerchiefs,whichwas

likeabannerofwelcomebillowinginthewind.Astheyoungpeopleshouted,Vingorose

fromhisseatandmadehiswaytothefrontofthebusandwenthome.

Paragraph1：

WhenVingoarrivedhome,hereallywantedtoknowwhathadhappenedtohis

wife,Many,throughouttheseyears.

Paragraph2：

Determinedtoturnoveranewleaf,Vingobegantotryhisbesttomakehisfamilylivea

happylife.

第10页，共23页

答案和解析

1~3.【答案】A、B、D

【解析】（1）A.词义猜测题。根据第三段

Theislandthathousesthechurchhasbeenclosedandthepeopletherehavebeen___sincet

hefire.自火灾发生以来，教堂所在的岛屿已经关闭，那里的人们已经一。可以推测出，

大火后，教堂关闭，政府对周围民众进行了遣散。则划线单词意为：撤离。Amoved移

除；B.examined检查；C.recognised辨别；D.D.pretended假装。故选A。

（2）B.段落大意题。根据空格后的段落It'sknownthatspringisabusytimefortouristsin

Paris.Thetravelcompanyrecommendspeoplevisitotherplaces,liketheBasilique

Saint-Denis,theSacre-Coeurandsoon.

众所周知，春天对巴黎的游客来说是一个繁忙的季节。这家旅游公司建议人们去其他地

方，比如圣丹尼斯大教堂、圣心教堂等等。可知，主要讲大火之后，旅游公司向游客推

荐了其他景点，所以B.Tourcompaniesofferotherchoices（旅游公司提供其他选择），

适合作段落小标题。故选B。

（3）D.推理判断题。根据最后一段Alargecampaigntoraisemoneyisalreadyunderwayto

rebuildthechurch.UptoWednesday,donationscameto$1billion.为了重建教堂,一场筹

集资金的大规模运动已经开始。截至周三，捐款已达10亿美元。可知，大火之后很多

的钱捐给了重建工程。故选D。

本文是一篇广告布告类阅读，主要报道了巴黎圣母院在大火之后的变化以及政府采取的

相关措施。

做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找

出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。

4~7.【答案】C、B、C、A

【解析】（1）C.段落大意题。根据第一段关键句"ShehaswonmoreWorldChampionship

goldmedalsthananyotherfemalegymnastinhistory.Sheisalsothefirstwomengymnastto

winthreeWorldall-aroundtitlesinarow.Acomplicatedflip（翻转动作）sheintroducedin

the2013WorldChampionshipsisoneoffourskillsthatarenamedafterher,andsomeconsider

herthegreatestofalltime."（她获得的世界冠军金牌比历史上任何一位女子体操运动员都

多。她也是第一位连续三次获得世界全能冠军的女子体操运动员。她在2013届世界锦

标赛中引进的一项复杂的翻转动作是四种以她命名的技能之一，有些人认为她是有史以

来最伟大的体操运动员。）可知，文章第一段主要介绍的是拜尔斯获得的伟大成就，例

如她获得的世界冠军金牌比历史上任何一位女子体操运动员都多、她是第一位连续三次

获得世界全能冠军的女子体操运动员等，由此可知，关于拜尔斯，第一段主要告诉我们

的是她的伟大成就。故选C项。

（2）B.推理判断题。根据第二段关键句"AtiheSummerOlympicGamesinTokyo,Biles

experiencedsomethinggymnastcall"thetwisties,"whichiswhenagymnasthasnoideawhere

hisorherbodyisintheair.Insteadofputtingherselfandherteamatrisk,Bilesgaveupthe

competition.However,sheworkedoutinaprivategymandwasabletocompeteinthe

last-scheduledindividualevent：thebalancebeam,winningthebronzemedal."（在东京夏季

奥运会上，拜尔斯经历了一种体操运动员称之为“空中失感”的情况，即体操运动员不知

道自己的身体在空中的位置。拜尔斯没有让自己和她的团队处于危险之中，而是放弃了

比赛。然而，她在一家私人健身房锻炼，并能参加最后一个预定的个人项目：平衡木，

赢得铜牌。）可知，在东京夏季奥运会上，拜尔斯经历了"空中失感"，导致她放弃了比

赛，但经过努力训练，她在平衡木项目中赢得铜牌，由此可知，在东京夏季奥运会上，

拜尔斯经历了一段艰难的时光。故选B项。

（3）C.细节理解题。根据第三段内容"Whenshewasyoung,Bileswasraisedbyher

grandfatherRon,andwasintroducedtogymnasticsattheageof6onaschoolfieldtriptoa

gym.Shesawsomegymnastspracticing,begancopyingtheirmovesandinsistedthather

parentssendherforgymnasticslessons.Acoachatthegymalsorecognizedhertalentandsent

aletterhomeaskingherparentstosendherforlessons."（小时候，拜尔斯由祖父罗恩抚养

长大，6岁时在学校的一次健身房实地考察中接触到了体操。她看到一些体操运动员在

练习，开始模仿他们的动作，并坚持让父母送她去上体操课。健身房的一位教练也认识

到了她的天赋，并给她家里寄了一封信，请她的父母送她去上课。）可知，拜尔斯6岁

时接触到了体操，并展现出对体操的热爱，健身房的一位教练也认识到了她的天赋，希

望她的父母送她去上课，由此可知，从课文中我们知道拜尔斯在很小的时候就展示了她

的体操天赋。故选C项。

（4）A.推理判断题。根据第二段关键句"However,sheworkedoutinaprivategymandwas

abletocompeteinthelast-scheduledindividualevent：thebalancebeam,winningthebronze

medal."（然而，她在一家私人健身房锻炼，并能参加最后一个预定的个人项目：平衡木，

第12页，共23页

赢得铜牌。）可知，虽然拜尔斯经历了"空中失感”，但她没有放弃，仍然努力训练，最

终在平衡木项目中赢得铜牌，由此可知，她是个意志坚强的人；根据第一段关键句"She

isalsothefirstwomengymnasttowinthreeWorldall-aroundtitlesinarow.Acomplicatedflip

（翻转动作）sheintroducedinthe2013WorldChampionshipsisoneoffourskillsthatare

namedafterher,andsomeconsiderherthegreatestofalltime."（她也是第一位连续三次获

得世界全能冠军的女子体操运动员。她在2013届世界锦标赛中引进的一项复杂的翻转

动作是四种以她命名的技能之一，有些人认为她是有史以来最伟大的体操运动员。）可

知，她是连续三次获得世界全能冠军的女子体操运动员，并且有四种体操技能是以她的

名字命名的，由此可知，她是个才华横溢的人，由此可推断出，拜尔斯是一个意志坚强、

才华横溢的人。故选A项。

这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了体操运动员西蒙・拜尔斯。

阅读理解解题步骤：首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意，因为阅读理解题

一般没有标题，所以，速读全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中，应尽可能

多地捕获信息材料；其次细读题材，各个击破，掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读每篇材

料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息，要善

于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强的针对性，对于捕获到的信息，要做认真分析，

仔细推敲，理解透彻，只有这样，针对题目要求，才能做到稳、准。

8~11.【答案】D、B、C、D

【解析】（1）D.细节理解题。根据第一•段的"Manypeoplewronglybelievethatfactorslike

hungerorboredomanddepressionarethemaincausesofovereating,buttheirresearchhas

shownotherwise.ltisthoughtthatweovereatifthefoodisgoodorifwe'rereallyhungry.In

reality,thosearetwoofthelastthingsthatdeterminehowmuchweeat.（许多人错误地认为，

饥饿、无聊和抑郁是暴饮暴食的主要原因，但他们的研究表明，情况并非如此。人们认

为，如果食物很好，或者我们真的很饿，我们就会吃得过多。事实上，这是决定我们吃

多少的最后两件事。）”可知，这个研究表明饥饿并不是暴饮暴食的关键因素。故选D。

（2）B.细节理解题。根据第二段的"Theofficeworkersatefivemorecandieseachdaywhen

thejarwasclosertothem,equalinganadditional125caloriesaday.（当罐子离他们较近时，

办公室职员每天会多吃5块糖果，相当于每天多摄入125卡路里。）“和"*Ifsomething

isvisible,everytimeweseeit,wehavetomakeadecision：toeatitornot?'theresearcher

explained.（研究人员解释说：“如果某些东西是可见的，我们每次看到它时都必须做出

决定：吃还是不吃？"）“可推断，办公室职员会因为看得见而吃更多的糖果。故选B。

（3）C.细节理解题。根据最后一段的"Researchersofthelabadviseagradualapproachin

changingeatinghabits.Peoplecancutacoupleofhundredcaloriesadaybydoingthingssuch

asavoidingopenfooddishesattheoffice,usingsmallerservingbowls,sittingnexttothe

slowesteaterandbeingthelastonetostarteating.（实验室的研究人员建议循序渐进地改

变饮食习惯。人们每天可以通过一些事情来减少几百卡路里的热量，比如在办公室里避

免打开食物，使用较小的餐具，坐在吃得最慢的人旁边，以及最后一个开始吃饭。）”

可知，在改变饮食习惯方面，建议使用更小的餐具。故选C。

（4）D.目的意图题。根据第一段的"Inrecentyears,researchersofCornellUniversity'sFood

andBrandLabarestudyinghowenvironmentalfactorsinfluencemanyAmericansto

unnoticeablyeattoomuch.（近年来，康奈尔大学的食品和品牌实验室的研究人员正在研

究环境因素如何影响许多美国人不加注意地吃得过多。）"以及最后一段的“Thefindings

inotherresearcheshaveshownthatwetendtoeatmorewhenweuselargerdishes,eatinfront

ofthetelevision.ordinewithsomeonewhoeatsalot.（其他研究发现，当我们使用更大的

盘子、在电视机前吃饭或和吃得多的人一起吃饭时，我们倾向于吃得更多）”以及最后

一段的建议可知，本文主要讲述了研究发现环境因素影响我们吃得过多，并给出了逐渐

改变饮食习惯，减少食物摄入的建议，因此推断本文的目的是建议人们成为一个警觉的

饮食者。故选D。

本文是说明文。文章主要讲述了研究发现环境因素影响我们吃得过多，我们应该逐渐改

变饮食习惯，减少食物的摄入，成为一个警觉的饮食者。

做题时要通读全文，把握大意，然后结合题干及选项做出正确的选择。

12~15.【答案】D、A、B、A

【解析】（1）D.细节理解题。由倒数第二段中的Withinseveralyears,thecoupledeveloped

themosteffectivewaytoshapeatreewithoutlimitingitsgrowth.Theyguided

shoots（嫩枝）alreadyheadingintheright

direction,ratherthanforcethemthewrongwayagainsttheirnaturalgrowth.

几年内，这对夫妇开发出了一种最有效的方法来塑造一棵树而不限制它的生长。他们引

导嫩枝朝着正确方向生长，而不是强迫它们朝着错误的方向生长。可知，这对夫妇通过

引导嫩枝朝着正确方向生长，就能让树长成他们需要的形状。故选D。

（2）A.细节理解题。由第四段PartoftheinspirationfortheideacamewhenGavinwasa

第14页，共23页

youngboy.Hespottedanovergrownbonsaitree（盆

栽）whichlookedlikechair.这个想法的部分灵感来自加文小时候。他发现了一棵

长得像椅子的盆景树。可知，加文有种家具的主意来源于当他还是个孩子的时候看到了

一棵长得像椅子的盆栽的经历。故选A。

（3）B.推理判断题。由倒数第二段中的Theyguidedshoots（嫩枝）alreadyheading

intherightdirection,ratherthanforcethemthewrongwayagainsttheirnaturalgrowth.

（他们引导嫩枝朝着正确方向生长，而不是强迫它们朝着错误的方向生长。可知这对夫

妇通过引导嫩枝朝着正确方向生长得到想要的家具，不违背树的自然生长规律，所以这

种家具是天然的；由最后一段中的"Thelaborandtimeinvolvedinproducingtheorganic

piecesmeanstheydonotcomecheap.Chairssell

for£10,000each,lampsfor£900tof2,

300andtablesfor£2,500tof12,500.生产有机产品所需的人力和时间意味着它

们并不便宜。椅子每把卖10000英镑，灯每只卖900到230英镑，桌子每只卖2500到

12500英镑。可知，此种家具天然且昂贵。故选B。

（4）A.标题归纳题。第一至三段讲英国德比郡的一对夫妇种植家具，第四段讲种植家

具的灵感来源，第五段讲如何种植家具，最后一段讲种植家具的时长和价格，可知，本

文主要讲英国一对夫妇种植家具，A项”一对夫妇种植家具”符合文意。故选A。

这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了在英国德比郡的一个农场里，有一对夫妇经营着一个家具

农场，可以让树木直接长成家具。

1.直接信息题：

直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息，选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目。

2.间接信息题：

间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息，但在语言表达上与原文有差异，做题时需要对原

文信息进行转换。

3.综合信息题：

综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话，可能是原文的几句话，或

者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析，而不能断章

取义。

16~20.【答案】G、B、E、C、D

r解析】(1)G.语境衔接题。根据前句Toexpressyourselfclearly,youneedagoodactive

vocabulary.That'sn