2014年电子科技大学考研专业课试题单独考试英语

电子科技大学

2014年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题

考试科目：288单独考试英语

注：所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试卷或草稿纸上均无效。

I.ReadingComprehension(40points)

Directions:Readthefollowingfourpassages.Answerthequestionsbeloweachoneby

choosingA)B)C)D)MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET。

Passage1

NearlyeveryoneinBritainwouldliketoowntheirownhomeand,whethertheydoornot,they

arepreparedtoputtimeandmoneyintodecoratingandfurnishingitorevenmakingstructural

alterationstoit.Becauseoftheclimateandbecauseoftheexpenseinvolvedingoingoutforthe

evening,theBritishspendalotoftimeathomeandalargepartoftheirsociallifetakesplacethere.

Youngpeopletendtostaywiththeirfamilieslongerthesedaysasaccommodationisexpensive

but,whentheymoveawaytoajoborcollege,therearevariousoptionsopentothem.Theycanget

lodgingswithalandlady.Thismeansthattheyrentaroominsomeone’shouseandhavebreakfast

withthefamily.Theycanalsogetabed-sittingroom,thatistosay,oneself-containedroomin

whichtheycancook,liveandsleep.Alternatively,theycansharearentedflatorhousewithagroup

ofyoungpeople,perhapsthemostpopularoptionofall.

Whenyoungpeoplegetmarriedorhavesteadyincome,theyoftenbuyahouse.Theydothisby

takingoutamortgagewithabuildingsocietyorbanks.Theyaretheofficialownersandmortgageis

afinancialloanforanythingupto100%ofthevalueofthehouserepayableovertwentytoforty

years.Peoplecanfinditdifficulttorepaytheirmortgage,butatleasttheyknowthatintheendthe

housewillbetheirs.

Ifpeoplecannotaffordtobuytheirownhouse,theycanrentpropertyfromaprivatelandlord,

asdo10%ofthepopulation,orfromtheirlocalcouncil.Councilhousingisverycheaptorentin

comparisonwithanyothertypeofaccommodationandsoalotofpeoplewanttoliveinit.Waiting

listsarelongbecausetherearejustnotenoughcouncilhousesthesedaystomeetthegrowingneed.

Unfortunately,homelessnessisanincreasinglyseriousproblemalloverBritain.Itaffectsall

ages:singlepeople,coupleswithchildren,evenold-agepensioners.In1984,forexample,83,190

households,atermthatcoversfamiliesandsinglepeople,wereofficiallylistedashomeless.Thisis

thetipoftheiceberg.Inoneyear,170,190householdsappliedtobeputonthelist,butthousands

wereturneddownalthoughtheywereprobablylivinginovercrowdedconditionsorinhousingthat

badlyneededrepairingandimproving.

1.WhydotheBritishspendalotoftimeathome?

A)Becausetheexpenseforgoingoutishuge.

B)Becausetheclimateisnotveryfavorable,

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C)Becausetheydonotlikegoingout.

D)BothA)andB).

2.Youngpeoplehavethechoicesinrentingaroombeforetheygetmarriedexceptthat______.

A)theycanrentaflatorahousewithothers

B)theycanrentaroomfromalandladyandeatbreakfastwiththefamily

C)theycanrentaroomwheretheycansleep,cookandmeettheirguest

D)manyofthemaffordtorentaverylargeflatorhousealone

3.Whydopeoplehavetowaitverylongforthecouncilhouse?

A)Becausethecouncilhousesaskforhighrentandpeoplehavetosaveforthem.

B)Becausepeoplehavetoapplyformortgageforsuchahouse.

C)Becausetherearemorepeopleinneedandfewerhousesavailable.

D)Becausethecouncilhastospendalongtimedecidingwhoshouldrentthehouse.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whomeetwithhousingprobleminBritain?

A)Onlyyoungpeople.B)Onlyoldpeople.

C)Peopleofdifferentages.D)Onlycoupleswithchildren.

5.Thesentence“Thisisthetipoftheiceberg”probablymeans_____.

A)thisisonlyasmallproblem

B)thereareonlyasmallnumberofhomelesspeople

C)thisnumberissmall

D)thereareactuallymorehomelesspeoplethanofficiallylisted

Passage2

Nottoomanydecadesagoitseemed“obvious”thatbothtothegeneralpublicandtothe

sociologiststhatmodernsocietyhaschangedpeople’snaturalrelationships,loosenedtheir

responsibilitiestokinandneighbors,andsubstitutedintheirplacesuperficialrelationshipswith

passingacquaintances.However,inrecentyears,agrowingbodyofresearchhasrevealedthatthe

“obvious”isnottrue.Itseemsthatifyouareacityresident,youtypicallyknowasmallproportion

ofyourneighborsthanyoudoifyouliveinasmallercommunity.Butforthemostpart,thisfacthas

fewsignificantconsequences.Itdoesnotnecessarilyfollowthatifyouknowfewofyourneighbors

youwillknownooneelse.

Eveninverylargecities,peoplemaintainclosesocialtieswithinsmallprivatesocialworlds.

Indeed,thenumberandqualityofmeaningfulrelationshipsdonotdifferbetweenmoreandless

urbanpeople.Small-townresidentsaremoreinvolvedwithkinthanbig-cityresidents.Yetcity

dwellerscompensatebydevelopingfriendshipswithpeoplewhosharesimilarinterestsandactivities.

Urbanismmayproduceadifferentstyleoflife,butthequalityoflifedoesnotdifferbetweentown

andcity.Norareresidentsoflargecommunitiesanylikeliertodisplaypsychologicalsymptomsof

stressoralienation,afeelingofnotbelonging,thanareresidentsofsmallcommunities.However,

citydwellersdoworrymoreaboutcrime,andthisleadsthemtoadistrustofstrangers.

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Thesefindingsdonotimplythaturbanismmakeslittleornodifference.Ifneighborsare

strangerstooneanother,theyarelesslikelytosweepthesidewalkofanelderlycouplelivingnext

doororkeepaneyeoutforyoungtroublemakers.Moreover,asWirthsuggested,theremaybea

linkbetweenacommunity’spopulationsizeanditssocialheterogeneity.Forinstance,sociologists

havefoundmuchevidencethatthesizeofacommunityisassociatedwithbadbehaviors,including

gambling,drugs,etc.Large-cityurbanitesare,alsomorelikelythantheirsmall-towncounterpartsto

haveacosmopolitanoutlook,todisplaylessresponsibilitytotraditionalkinshiproles,tovotefor

leftistpoliticalcandidatesandtobemoretoleranttonon-traditionalreligiousgroups,unpopular

politicalgroups,andso-calledundesirables.Everythingconsidered,heterogeneityandunusual

behaviorseemtobeoutcomesoflargepopulationsize.

6.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheorganizationofthefirstparagraph?

A)Twocontrastingviewsarepresented.

B)Anargumentandpossiblesolutionsaregiven.

C)Researchresultsconcerningthequalityofurbanlifearepresentedinorderoftime.

D)Adetaileddescriptionofthedifferencebetweenurbanandsmall-townlifeisgiven.

7.Accordingtothepassage,itwasacommonbeliefthaturbanresidents______.

A)didnothavethesameinterestwiththeirneighbors

B)couldnotdeveloplong-standingrelationships

C)tendedtobeassociatedwithbadbehaviors

D)usuallyhadmorefriends

8.Oneoftheconsequencesofurbanlifeisthatimpersonalrelationshipamongneighbors______.

A)disruptpeople’snaturalrelationships

B)makethemworryaboutcrime

C)causethemnottoshowconcernforoneanother

D)causethemtobesuspiciousofeachother

9.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthebiggeracommunityis_____.

A)thehigheritsqualityoflife

B)themoresimilaritsinterests

C)themoretolerantandopen-mindeditis

D)thelikelieritistodisplaypsychologicalsymptomsofstress

10.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

A)Similaritiesintheinterpersonalrelationshipsbetweenurbanitesandsmall-towndwellers.

B)Advantagesoflivinginbigcitiesascomparedwithlivinginsmalltowns.

C)Thepositiverolethaturbanismplaysinmodernlife.

D)Thestrongfeelingofalienationofcityinhabitants.

Passage3

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Banksbeganissuingplasticcardsasanotherwayofprovidingcredittotheircustomers.The

cardgavebanksacost-efficientwayofincreasingvolumeofsmallconsumerloans:abankwould

havetohandleonlyoneapplicationforalineofcreditthatcouldbeusedmanytimesover—andit

couldmakeprofitfromfinancecharges.

Originally,DinersClub,HiltonHotelsandAmericanExpressofferedtheircardswitha

convenienceratherthanasextensionsofcredit.Inexchangefornothavingtocarrycash,their

cardholderswerechargedanannualmembershipfee.TheT&Ecardswerenotsomuchcreditas

chargecards,orwhatAmericanExpresscalls“payasyougo”cards.AlsoT&Ecardholderscould

notmakepurchasesininstallmentslikebankcardholders,butwererequiredtopaytheirbillsinfull

eachmonth.

Thecardshavechangedovertheyears,however.TodayaT&Ecardcansometimesbeusedas

“extended”or“deferred”paymentplans.DinersClubmemberscanchoosetopayininstallmentsfor

anygoodsorcommoditythecardcanpurchase,at19.8percentannualinterest;atthesamerateof

interest,CarteBlanchecardholderscanextendpaymentonlyforairlinetickets.AmericanExpress

alsoallowsitsregularcardholderstopayininstallmentsbutrestrictsthisoptiontotravel-related

purchases(airlineandcruisetickets,andtourpackages).Itsinterestchargesrangefrom18to21

percent,dependingonthestateinwhichthecardholdersresides.AmericanExpressfirstextended

creditwhenitcameoutwiththeGoldCardin1966,issuedthroughbanksinwhichcardholders

maintainedlinesofcredit.

Andjustasthetravelandentertainmentcardshavetakenonbankcardqualities,sotoohave

bankcardsbecomemorelikeT&Ecards.

Banksdiscoveredthatbetween40to50percentoftheircardholderspaidnofinancecharges

becausetheydidnotusetheirplastictobuycredit.Rather,likeT&Ecardholders,theycharged

insteadofpayingcash,andthenpaidthewholebalanceontheirstatementseachmonth.Somost

banksnowdowhatthetravelandentertainmentcompanieshavealwaysdone:chargeannualfeesfor

theircards.Bankcardfeesarelower,though,12dollarsto15dollars,comparedto35dollarsto45

dollarspaidbyT&Ecardholders.

11.Accordingtothepassage,whatmotivatesbankstoissuecreditcards?

A)Makingaprofitfromchargesforconsumerloans.

B)Providingcredittocustomers.

C)Makingthebankservicesmoreefficient.

D)Makingloansavailabletocustomers.

12.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofthecardsoriginallyissuedbyAmericanExpress?

A)Theycanprovideconveniencetothecardholders.

B)Theycanprovidecredittothecardholders.

C)Thecardholdershavetopaytheirbillsinfulleachmonth.

D)Thecardholdershavetobechargedanannualmembershipfee.

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13.Whichofthefollowingcardsisabletoextendthecreditofpurchasinganygoods?

A)TheT&Ecard.

B)TheDinersClub’scards.

C)TheAmericanExpressGoldCard.

D)TheHiltonHotel’scard.

14.Whichofthefollowingismostlikelytobethetitleofthepassageprecedingthisone?

A)OneWaytoProvideCardtoCustomers

B)BanksandCreditCards

C)PlasticCardsasCreditCards

D)CreditCardsandLoans

15.Whatdoesthewordmaintainedmeaninthispassage(inthelastlineofParagraph3)?

A)keptB)claimed

C)providedD)supported

Passage4

ThreeYaleUniversityprofessorsagreedinapaneldiscussiontonightthatautomobilewaswhat

oneofthemcalled“PublicHealthEnemyNo.1inthiscountry”.Besidespollutingtheairand

congestingthecities,carsareinvolvedinmorethanhalfofthedisablingaccidents,andthey

contributetoheartdisease“becausewedon’twalkanywhereanymore”,saidDr.H.W.Weinerman,

professorofmedicineandpublichealth.Dr.Weinerman’ssharpindictmentoftheautomobilecame

inadiscussionofhumanenvironmentonYaleReports,aradioprogrambroadcastbyStationin

HartfordConnecticut.Theprogramopenedathreepartseriesof“StayingAlive”forthefirsttimein

humanhistorytheproblemofman’ssurvivalhastodowithhiscontrolofmanmadehazards,Dr.

Weinermansaid,“Beforethis,theproblemhadbeenthecontrolofnaturalhazards.”

Relatingmanyofthehazardstotheautomobile,ArthotW.Galst—aprofessorofbiologysaid

thatitwaspossibletomakeakerosene-burningturbinethatwould“lessensmogbyaverylarge

fraction”.ButheexpresseddoubtthatAmericanswerewillingtogiveupmovingaboutthe

countrysideat90milesanhourinalargevehicle.“Americaseemsweddedtothemotorcar—every

familyhastohaveatleasttwoandoneofthemhastobeconvertiblewith300horsepower,”

ProfessorGalstoncontinued,“Isthisthewayoflifethatwechoosebecausewecherishthese

values?”

ForProfessorPaulB.Seare,partoftheblamelieswith“asocietythatregardsprofitsupreme

value,undertheillusionthatanythingthatistechnicallypossibleistherefore,ethicallyjustified”.

ProfessorSearealsocalledthecountry’sdependenceonitsmodernautomobiles“lousyeconomics”

becauseofthelargehorsepowerusedsimply“movingoneindividualtowork”.Butheconcededthat

Americanshavepaintedthemselvesintoacornerbyallowingthenationaleconomytobecomeso

reliantontheautomobileindustry.

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AccordingtoDr.Weinerman,automobiles,notfactories,areresponsiblefortwo-thirdsofthe

smoginAmericancities,andthesmogpresentsthepossibilityofawholenewkindofepidemic,not

duetoonegerm,butduetopollutedenvironment.Withinanotherfivetotenyears,itispossibleto

haveepidemiclungcancerinacitylikeLosAngeles.“Thisisanewphenomenoninhealthconcern”,

hesaid.“Thesolution”,hecontinued,“isnottofindalessdangerousfuel,butadifferentsystemof

inner-citytransportation.Becauseoftheincreasinguseofcars,publictransportationhasbeen

allowedtowitheranddegenerate,sothatifyoucan’twalktowhereyouwanttogo,youhaveto

haveacarinmostcities”,heasserted.Thisinturn,Dr.Weinermancontended,isresponsibleforthe

“arteriosclerosis”ofpublicroads,fortheblightofinnercityandforthemiddleclassmovementto

thesuburbs.

16.AutomobilesarecalledNo.1PublicHealthEnemybecauseofthefollowingtheyhavecaused

EXCEPT_________.

A)airpollutionB)citycongestion

C)naturalhazardsD)heartdisease

17.Akerosene-burningcarseemsto______.

A)gofasterthanthegasoline-burningcar

B)goasfastasthegasoline-burningcar

C)beverypopularamongAmericans

D)goslowlyandreducesmog

18.ProfessorSeareindicatesthat________.

A)technologyisnotalwaysethicallycorrect

B)technologyisalwaysvaluable

C)profitineconomyisalwaysmoreimportantthantechnologydevelopment

D)Americansarelosingprofitintheautomobileindustry

19.Tosolvethehealthproblemscausedbycars,_________.

A)anewtransportationsysteminthecityshouldbebuilt

B)waysofcontrollingsmogshouldbefound

C)allpeopleshouldwalktowork

D)adifferentfuelshouldbefound

20.Theword“arterioscieros”inthelastparagraphprobablymeans_______.

A)akindofdiseasepeoplegetfromtheroadB)trafficproblem

C)akindofcancerD)degenerationofcars

II.Grammar(10points)

Directions:Thereare10incompletesentencesinthispart.Foreachsentencetherearefour

choicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosetheONEanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.Thenmark

thecorrespondingletterontheANSWERSHEET

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21.Tomsaidthathewoulddropoutbuthedidn’ttellusthereason____hemadethedecision.

A)whenB)whereC)whyD)how

22.Beforeyoustartdoinganything,youhadbettermakeclear____youreallywanttogetfromit.

A)whatB)whichC)thatD)who

23.Wedonotrealizehowmuchwedependontheearth’sgravity______wearedeprivedofit.

A)thenB)whereC)whenD)until

24.Nomatter_____progresswehavealreadymade,weshouldkeeponworkinghardattheproject.

A)howlongB)howmuchC)howsoonD)howmany

25.Theteacheraskedthestudentswho______theteststoleavetheroomassoonaspossible.

A)completedB)hadcompletedC)havecompletedD)wouldcomplete

26.Iregrethavinglefttheworkunfinished;I_______everythingaheadcarefully.

A)shouldplanB)hadplannedC)plannedD)shouldhaveplanned

27.Idon’tthinkitadvisablethathe____tothejobsincehehasnoexperience.

A)willbeassignedB)beassignedC)wasassignedD)isassigned

28.Ifithadnotbeenforhisunderstandingwife,verypossiblyhe____literaturealtogether.

A)mayabandonB)mayhaveabandonedC)mightabandonD)mighthaveabandoned

29.Notonly_______awiderangeofpricesforgoodsinthecity,thereisalsoawiderangeinthe

qualityofgoodsofferedforsale.

A)arethereB)thereareC)isthereD)thereis

30.Nooneisallowedtoenterthepatient’sroom_______thedoctorgiveshispermission.

A)exceptB)ifC)unlessD)besides

III.Vocabulary(15points)

Directions:Thereare30incompletesentencesinthispart.Foreachsentencetherearefour

choicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ChoosetheONEanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.Then

markthecorrespondingletterontheANSWERSHEET

31.Heinsistedon______hiswifebuthesoonchangedhismindforthesakeofhis6-year-oldson.

A)separatingB)breakingC)divorcingD)delivering

32.Iam________tothinkthatancientGreeksunderstoodthisbetterthanwedo.

A)tentativeB)subjectC)subjectedD)inclined

33.AUNofficialsaidthattheaidprogramswouldbe________untiltherewasadequateprotection

forreliefconvoy.

A)dependedB)suspendedC)prostponedD)expended

34.TheyinsistedthatJohndidnotfollowthecorrect_________inapplyingforavisa.

A)processB)procedureC)processionD)routine

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35.Mary_______Bobforstealinghercar,butheraccusationwasdismissedforlackofconvincing

evidence.

A)accusedB)chargedC)suedD)scolded

36.Anopenwoundshouldbekeptcleanandprotectedfrom_________.

A)diseaseB)infectionC)plagueD)infectious

37.Manywomenareleftas________providersinfamiliesaftertheirhusbandsdiedinthewar.

A)primeB)seniorC)supremeD)sole

38.Wetriedto________himfromclimbingthemountainwithoutaguide.

A)dismissB)embarrassC)discourageD)disturb

39.His____asaneconomisthasbeenreinforcedforhissuccessfulfightagainstinflation.

A)powerB)capacityC)competenceD)faculty

40.Theeminentscientistwassoeasy-goingand_____thatcollegestudentsliketotalkwithhim.

A)gracefulB)graciousC)elegantD)magnificent

41.Tothegreatdisappointmentofthefootballfans,theteamwas____inthefirstroundofthe

championship.

A)slaughteredB)deportedC)eliminatedD)destroyed

42.Weproposeto_______ourhomeaccordingtoourowntaste.

A)armB)equipC)supplyD)furnish

43.ThefirstsettlersinAustraliawerenot________immigrants;theywereforcedthereaspenalty

forcrimescommittedinEngland.

A)voluntaryB)legalC)quotaD)regular

44.Asthemarketwas____withgoodsandtheeconomybecamebalanced,inflationwentdown.

A)abundantB)spongedC)saturatedD)submerged

45.Whenhewokeup,hefounda________ofsunlighthadcomethroughthewindow.

A)flashB)flightC)shaftD)succession

46.Iamquitethankfultotheprofessorforhis_______helpwhenIwasintrouble.

A)gentleB)geniusC)genuineD)generated

47.Beforehemovedintohisnewhouse,theyoungmanspent3,000dallarsonelectronic______.

A)instrumentsB)appliancesC)applicationsD)facilities

48.Educationwas_______tothemerchantwhenhewasyoungbecausehisfamilywaspoor.

A)refusedB)declinedC)deniedD)deprived

49.Forsomepeople,itisamatterof________whethertheypaytheirmonthlybillsregularly.

A)consciousnessB)conscienceC)conscientiousnessD)conscious

50.Businessissogoodthatouroriginal______of$10,000hasjumpedto$30,000invalue.

A)investmentB)depositC)expenseD)loan

51.Iwishyoucouldbemore_______toyourfatherwhetherheiskindtoyouornot.

A)respectableB)respectfulC)respectiveD)respecting

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52.Thepoliceandthevillagersallunanimously________theforestfiretothunderandlighting.

A)describedB)ascribedC)prescribedD)distributed

53.Thepointat_______atthemeetingiswhethertheyaretoimporttheassemblyline,

A)argumentB)controversyC)issueD)conflict

54.Janetoldmethathershop’s________profitis20,000dollarsannually.

A)creditB)roughC)grossD)tough

55.Thenewpolicywillsurelygive________toforeigninvestmentinenvironmentalprotection.

A)inspirationB)motiveC)desireD)impetus

56.Thecorporationwasaccusedof_____stockmarketandimposedafineof20,000dollars.

A)steeringB)managingC)operatingD)maneuvering

57.Themanhadgonetothereceptiondesk,________tocheckout.

A)incidentallyB)presumablyC)likelyD)virtually

58.Expertsgenerallyagreethatdiethasanimportant________onone’shealth.

A)relationB)connectionC)associationD)bearing

59.Beforewe_______again,letmegiveyouawordortwoofadviceonhowtodotheexperiment.

A)initiateB)pioneerC)commenceD)recommend

60.Pleasekeepthenumberedcardsin________;don’tmixthemup.

A)seriesB)successionC)sequenceD)procedure

IV.Cloze(10points)

Directions:Thefollowingpassagecontains10blanks.Foreachnumberedblank,thereare

fourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandDontherightside.ChoosetheONEanswerthatbestcompletes

thesentence.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheANSWERSHEET

61.A)inB)onC)byD)of

Itisnotjustnamesthatarechanging,sayexperts

62.A)marginB)edgeC)vergeD)side

61aging.AsAmericastandsonthe62ofan

63.A)regardB)attribute

unprecedentedboominthenumberofcitizensovertheage

C)viewD)retrospect

of65,thewayolderadults63themselves—andare

64.A)understandingB)undergoing

viewedbysociety—is64aprofoundcultural

C)withstandingD)withholding

65.Itisonethathasbroadimplicationsfromtheway

65.A)alternativeB)alternation

theseadultsare66inthemediatotherolestheycarve

C)transformationD)reform

outforthemselvesinleadingproductive67lifethat

66.A)demonstratedB)illustrated

willrefinenotonlythemeaningofretirement,butwhatit

C)portrayedD)related

meansto68olderinthenewmillennium.

67.A)engagedB)engaging

“TherearealargenumberofpioneerswhoareC)prolongedD)delayed

recasting,reshapingandrethinkingthelife69,”says68.A)turnB)sendC)goD)grow

ScottBass.agerontologistanddeanofthegraduateschool69.A)routeB)course

attheUniversityofMaryland,BaltimoreCounty,whohasC)routineD)procedure

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70ontheideaofproductiveaging.70.A)focusedB)attended