中考定语从句

定语从句在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词(人称代词/不定代词)的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。引导定语从句的连词叫关系词（分为关系代词/关系副词）。关系代词有五个：that,which,who,whom,whose关系副词有三个：where,when,why=1\*ROMANI.关系词用法：先行项关系词例句说明关系代词人/物thatThemanthatisspeakingatthemeetingisaworker.Thecoat(that)Iputonthedeskisblue.1.关系词在从句中做主语或宾语,做宾语可省略。2.that虽然可以指人也可指物，但多用于指物。物whichThebuildingwhichstandsnearthetrainstationisasupermarket.Thefilm(which)wesawlastnightwaswonderful.1.关系词在从句中做主语或宾语,做宾语可省略2.指物时which/that都可以，但多用that人who/whomThegirlwhooftenhelpsmewithmyEnglishisfromEngland.Whoistheteacher(whom/who)LiMingistalkingto?1.who用作主语或宾语,whom只用作宾语（可省略）2.指人时虽然也可以用that,但多用who关系限定词人/物whoseThewomanwhosehairislongismymother.=Thewomanofwhomthehairislongismymother.Thebookwhosecoverisgreenismine.=Thebookofwhichthecoverisgreenismine.1.关系词在定语从句中作定语2.先行词与定语从句的主语有所属关系,3.先行词为抽象名词/具体事物whose+n.=ofwhichthe+n./then.+ofwhich；先行词为人，whose+n.=ofwhomthe+n./then.+ofwhom关系副词地点whereThisistheplacewhereheworks.=Thisistheplaceatwhichheworks.关系词在句中作地点状语where=介词(at/in/on)+which时间whenThiswasthetimewhenhearrived.=Thiswasthetimeatwhichhearrived.1.关系词在句中作时间状语when=介词(at/in/on)+which2.先行词是time(次数)时，关系词为that,且可省略。reasonwhyNobodyknowsthereasonwhyheisoftenlateforschool=Nobodyknowsthereasonforwhichheisoftenlateforschool.关系词在从句中起原因状语作用,why=forwhich注=1\*ROMANI.先行词为物，但关系词只用that,不使用which的情况：当先行词是不定代词all、everything、something、anything、nothing、none、theone时，如：Allthatshelackedwastraining.Doyouhaveeverythingthatyouneed?当先行词前有下列修饰词时much,little,none,all,few,every,any,no，thevery,theonly,thesame,如：ThisistheonlyexamplethatIknow.先行词前有形容词最高级或序数词(包括last,next)时，如：ThisisthebestdictionarythatI’veeverused.Thefirstthingthatyoushoulddoisworkingoutanewway.当先行词是who,或主句是由who/which开头的特殊疑问句时，如：WhoisthemanthatItalkedtojustnow?先行词既指人又指物时，如：ImadeaspeechonthepeopleandthingsthatIhadseenabroad.=2\*ROMANII.先行词为物，但关系词只用which,不用that:关系代词前有介词时，如：Thisisthebuildinginwhichhelives.=3\*ROMANIII.先行词为人，关系词常用who,不用that的情况：当先行词为不定代词anyone,someone,everyone,noone,those时，如：Noonewhohasevervisitedthetownwillfailtobeimpressedbyitsbeauty.注：that、who、which在定语从句中做主语时，定语从句的谓语动词应与先行词保持一致。=4\*ROMANIV.在定语从句中不能出现代替先行词的人称代词，如：Willyoupleaseshowmethebookthatyouboughtyesterday?(bought后不能再加it)=2\*ROMANII.定语从句的简化定语从句可与其它定语成分互换，如形容词短语、过去分词短语、介词短语、现在分词短语等，如：Shereceivedaboxwhichwasfullofpresents.=Shereceivedaboxfullofpresents.相关练习：HelikesreadingbooksthatwaswrittenbyLuXun.Helikesreadingbooks_________LuXun.2.IlikeChineseteawhichhasnothinginit.IlikeChinesetea___________init.Doyouknowthegirlwhoiswearingareddress.Doyouknowthegirl______areddress.练习题：=1\*ROMANI.选择1.Thestory_____hetoldwasverypopular.A.whoB.whomC.whoseD./Thegirl_____parentsworkinBeijingisKate.A.whoB.whoseC.whichD.thatBeingblindissomething________mostpeoplecan’timagine./B.whatC.whoD.whichDoyouknowtheheroicwoman,TuYouyou?Yes,sheisthefirstChinese_______wonaNobelPrizeinscience.whohaveB.thathaveC.whichhasD.whohasQQisatool________ismainlyusedforpeopletotalktoothersonline.whichB.whoC.whereYoulooksmartintheT-shirt________yourdaughterboughtforyou.Thanksalot.whichB.whoC.whomTheatersmayhaveabrighterfutureiftheycanprovideamovieexperience________peoplecannotgetathome.thatB.whoC.whomD.whatIenjoyreadinginthelibrary________Ilosemyselfinaworldofgoodbooks.whichB.thatC.whereIbegantoworkinShanghaiintheyear_______HongKongwasreturnedtoChina.ThatB.whichC.whereD.whenWhat’sthenameoftheyoungman_______fatherisadoctor?whoB.thatC.whomD.whose=2\*ROMANII.适当形式填空1.Wedon’tknowthereason______they_______(notcome)yesterday.2.Ilovessingerswho_______(write)theirownsongs.3.Ilikethecity______thepeople______(be)reallykindandfriendly.4.Thisistheverybook_______I’mlookingfor.5.AnotherthingthatI_______(find)verydifficultwasEnglishgrammar.6.Whataresomeoftherules______ateenagershould_______(obey)?7.All______Iever______(want)todowastravelling.8.Thisisthemanwith_______I______(talk)yesterday.9.Whoistheteacher_______is______(read)abookovertherenow?=3\*ROMANIII.句型转换Isthisthehouse______youlived？Isthisthehouse__________youlived?Iwillneverforgettheday______Imethim.Iwillneverforgettheday________Imethim.Iknowtheboy.Hishandwritingisverygood.Iknowtheboy____handwritingisverygood.另一个例子就是F2F，它的意思是面对面。AnotherexampleisF2F_________standsforfacetoface.Thegirliswearingsunglasses.Doyouknowthegirl?(合句)Mr.Chenisateacher.Iwanttolearnfromtheteacher.(合句)Thestoriesareoftenhumorous.ThestorieswerewrittenbyMarkTwain.(合句)WefirstwenttoBeijingonarainyday.I’llneverforgettheday.（使用关系副词合句）Welivedinthehousefortenyears.Thatwasthehouse.（合句）Doyouknowtheboy?Theboy’snameisJim.(合句)作业：=1\*ROMANI.英译汉Everythingthatcomesintosightissonewtome.Ireallylikethefamilyphotothatwetookonmygrandpa’s80thbirthday.Theyrushedover