Unit10You'resupposedtoshakehands.知识梳理人教版英语九年级全册

Unit10You'resupposedtoshakehands.短语归纳1.首次；初次 ____________________ 2.（与某人）握手___________________3.……怎么样/如何 ____________________ 4.以错误的方式；错误地____________5.一……就…… ____________________ 6.伸出（手等） ____________________ ____________________ 8.发现；找出；查明 _________________ ____________________ 10.顺便拜访；顺便进入_____________11.在……的两边 ____________________ 12.在某人的日常生活中_____________13.尽可能…… ____________________ 14.准时，按时 ____________________15.……的首都/国都 ____________________ 16.在中午____________________17.大动肝火；气愤 ____________________ 18.有趣的事情____________________ ____________________ 20把……擦掉____________________21.脱下（衣服）;（飞机等）起飞________________22.餐桌礼仪____________________ 23.把……插入…… ____________________ 24.指着____________________指向 ____________________ 指出____________________25.因……而感谢 ____________________ 因……而感谢某人____________________26.玩得高兴，过得愉快_________________ 27.使（某人）感到宾至如归__________ ____________________ 29.因为；由于____________________30.最初；首先____________________ （反：最后；终于____________________） ____________________ 32.像____________________33.出席；露面 ____________________ ____________________35.毕竟；终归 ____________________ ____________________ 38.和……不同____________________ （反：和……相同____________________） ____________________40.对……感到放松/随意___________________SectionA风俗习惯1)custom〔名词〕风俗；习俗Thecustomsaredifferentfromcountrytocountry.Idon'tlikethecustomofgivingpresentsinthatcountry.2）辨析：custom与habitcustom主要指某个民族或社会在发展过程中长期沿袭下来的礼节、风俗或习惯habit指一个人经常做某事，久而久之形成的习惯或习性TheJapanesecustomsaredifferentfromtheChineseones.Nailbitingisoneofherbadhabits.2.bow鞠躬bow①〔不及物动词〕鞠躬bowto/before...向……鞠躬Thespeakerbowedto/beforethelisteners.②〔及物动词〕低（头）Shebowedherhead.③〔名词〕鞠躬（读作/bau/）；弓（读作/bəu/）TheJapaneseusuallytakeabowwhilegreeting.Hemadehissonabow.3.shakehands握手shakehands握手其中shake(shook,shaken)既可用作及物动词，也可用作不及物动词，意为“摇动；抖动”。Shakinghandsisourcustom.Heshookhisheadsadly.Thewholehouseshakeswhenatraingoespast.拓展shakehandswithsb./shake.sb.bthehand意为“与某人握手”;shakeone'shand指“握某人的手”，强调一方的动作，故hand用单数。WhenforeignpeoplevisitaChinesefamily,theChinesefamilywillshakehandswiththem.Sheshooktheboy'shandandpattedhimontheshoulderlightly.亲吻kiss①〔动词〕(kissed,kissed,kisses)亲吻；接吻后面可跟人作宾语；表示亲吻某人的某个身体部位时，要说kisssb.on...Doyoukisswhenyoumeetforthefirsttime?Hebowedtokisshislittlesonontheface.②〔名词〕亲吻；接吻Jackgavehismotherakissandwenttoschool.5.Inyourcountry,whatareyousupposedtodowhenyoumeetsomeoneforthefirsttime?在你们国家，与某人初次见面时你应该做什么？besupposedto应该后接动词原形，相当于should或oughtto，用来表示劝告、建议、义务、责任等。Wearesupposedtokeeptheclassroomclean.6.IntheUnitedStates,they'reexpectedtoshakehands.在美国，他们应该握手。1)beexpectedtodosth.被期望做某事；应该做某事此处相当于besupposedtodosth.You'reexpectedtogetgoodgradesthisterm.2)expect〔及物动词〕期望；预料；期待 后可接名词、代词、动词不定式或从句。其常用结构如下：Iexpectaletterfrommyfamily.Sheexpectstoebacknextweek.Iexpectyoutomasterthegrammarrules.④expect+that从句预计……IexpectthatI'llbebackonSunday.练习Teachersexpectalltheirstudents___________progressdaybyday.Atomake C.totake 7.greetedPaul'smotherthewrongway问候保罗母亲的方式不对1)greet〔及物动词〕和……打招呼；迎接相当于sayhelloto，后接名词或代词作宾语。ThewaitersgreetedusinPutonghuaandweansweredtheminPutonghua.2)thewrongway以错误的方式，错误地相当于inthewrongway。当way构成的短语表示“用……方式/方法”时，常加介词in。如果way前有this,that或the等词，in可以省略，但是如果位于句首，则in不可省略。Youunderstoodhim(in)thewrongway.8.Mariawassupposedtoarriveat7:00，butshearrivedat8:00.玛丽亚应该7点到，但是她8点才到。1）辨析：arrive,get与reach三者均有“到达”之意，但用法不同。arrive不及物动词arrivein+大地点（国家、城市等）arriveat+小地点（车站、村庄等）arrive+地点副词get不及物动词getto+地点名词get+地点副词reach及物动词reach+地点Mr.SmithandhisfriendsarrivedinChinatwoweeksago.Whendidyouarriveatthestation?TheygottoBeijingyesterday.PleasecallmeifyoureachTianjin.注意①当arrive,get后接地点副词here,there,home等时，不需要加介词。Wearrived/gothomeearlyyesterday.②当未指明到达的地点时，一般只用arrive，不用reach或get。Whenwearrived,itwasraininghard.2）辨析：表示时间的介词at,on与inat用于时刻前atsixo'clock在6点钟on用于星期、日期、某一特定的日子或具体某天的上午、下午或晚上前onMonday在星期一onSeptember10th在9月10日onthemorningofMay1st在5月1日上午onschoolnights在上学期间的晚上in用于泛指一天的上午、下午或晚上，以及季、月、年等较长的时间inthemorning在上午inOctober在10月in2012在2012年inthe1930s在20世纪30年代助记时间介词on,at与in的用法on来特指某一天，日期、星期、节日前。at用在时刻前，也与正午、午夜连。月份、季节与年份，in须放在其前面。练习___________suchacoldmorning,Ialsogotup___________6o'clocktogoforarunasusual.;in ;to ;at ;at9.Imadesomenewfriends.我交了一些新朋友。makefriends交朋友IfinditdifficulttomakefriendswithJim.注意①该短语中的friend须用复数形式。②该短语表示瞬间动作，若要表示延续性状态，须用befriends(withsb.)。10.Butafunnythinghappened.但发生了一件有趣的事情。1)happen①〔不及物动词〕发生 用法如下：a.Sth.happen(s)+时间/地点. 某时/某地发生某事。Anaccidenthappenedinourneighborhoodjustnow.b.Sth.happen(s)tosb.某人发生某事。Thesamethinghashappenedtomyfriend.注意happen是不及物动词，不能用于被动语态。这个故事发生在上周。误：Thestorywashappenedlastweek.正：Thestoryhappenedlastweek.②〔动词〕碰巧，恰好用法如下：a.Sb.happen(s)todosth.某人碰巧做某事。Ihappenedtomeetafriendofmineinthestreetyesterday.b.Ithappens+that从句.碰巧…… 可与Sb.happen(s)tobe/dosth.进行同义句转换。Ithappenedthatshewentoutwhenwecalledher.=Shehappenedtogooutwhenwecalledher.2）辨析：happen与takeplacehappen（偶然）发生用来指某个事件突然发生，强调偶然性，主语往往是表示事件、事故等的名词takeplace发生；举行常指某事按规律、预先布置或按计划发生或进行，不含偶然的意味Ifanythinghappenstothemachine,pleaseletmeknow.TheOlympicWinterGamesof2022tookplaceinBeijingandZhangjiakou.11.ImetaJapaneseboycalledSato,andassoonasIheldoutmyhand,hebowed.我遇到了一个名叫佐藤的日本男孩，就在我伸出手（要跟他握手）时，他鞠了一躬。1）过去分词短语作后置定语calledSato为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰前面的名词boy。此处called相当于named或withthenameof。ThegirlcalledLucyismysister.=ThegirlnamedLucyismysister.=ThegirlwiththenameofLucyismysister.2)assoonas一……就……用来引导时间状语从句，若主句用一般将来时，则从句要用一般现在时表将来，即遵循"主将从现"的原则。Iwilltellherthenewsassoonassheesback.注意若主句为祈使句或含有情态动词，assoonas引导的时间状语从句也要用一般现在时表示将来。CallmeassoonasyouarriveinParis.练习Wewereluckyyesterday.Thebusleft___________wegotonit. D.assoonas12.That’showpeopleinJapanareexpectedtogreeteachother.那就是在日本人们互相问候的方式。1)how引导表语从句本句含有how引导的表语从句。表语从句在句子中作表语，常位于连系动词be,seem,look等后面。how,where,why,because等引导的从句作this/thatis的表语时，表示具体的方式、地点、结果、原因等。Thequestioniswhentheactorwille.Thatiswhyweehere.That'sbecauseyoudon'tsensehersadness.拓展表语从句还可由连接词that引导。Thepityisthattheendingofthestoryisn'tperfect.2)eachother互相；相互；彼此 同义短语为oneanotherTheylookedateachotherandlaughed.13.Soljuststoodtherewithmyhandout.所以我只是伸着手站在那里。with+宾语+宾语补足语withmyhandout是"with+宾语+宾语补足语"结构，在句中作伴随状语。宾语补足语的形式有现在分词、过去分词、形容词、副词等。Heissleepinginthebedroomwiththewindowsopen.14.Finally,Ireturnedthebow.最后我鞠躬还礼了。return①〔及物动词〕归还 通常接表示事物的名词或代词作宾语。returnsth.to...=givesth.backto...把某物还给某人或还到某处Returnthebookstothelibraryontime,please.②〔不及物动词〕返回，回来，回去 相当于e/gobackreturnfrom...从……回来 returnto...回到……Whenwillthedirectorreturn?Luckily,thefamouspainterreturnedtoChinaduringtheearly1950s.15.Iheldoutmyhandandtomysurprise,shekissedmeonbothsidesofmyface！我伸出手（想要握手），可令我吃惊的是，她亲吻了我的双颊！1)toone'ssurprise使/让某人吃惊的是其中surprise用作名词，此处意为“惊奇；诧异”，还可表示“令人惊奇的事”Tooursurprise,theteacherpraisedTominsteadofpunishinghim.Themanhadalookofsurpriseonhisface.Iwillhaveasurpriseforyou.拓展①insurprise惊奇地Jeanlookedathermotherinsurprise.②besurprisedat...对……感到吃惊Weareverysurprisedatthenews.③besurprisedtodosth.对做某事感到惊讶Iwassurprisedtohavesuchanunusualexperience.④besurprised+that从句 对……感到惊讶Weweresurprisedthattheboyperformedinsuchaway.练习按所给的汉语，用英语完成句子。让我们吃惊的是，这位国际友人擅长烹制中餐。___________，theforeignfriendisgoodatcookingChinesefood.2)both①〔形容词〕两个；双方；两者都 后接复数名词。反义词neither意为“两者都不”。Bothmoviesaremoving.②〔代词〕两个，两个都常用于“bothof+代词”或"bothof+the/其他限定词+可数名词复数"结构中。both在句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。Bothofusprefersmoothmusic.BothofthepoemswerewrittenbyLiBai.注意both常位于连系动词be、助动词或情态动词之后，实义动词之前。Theywerebothpraised.Theybothperformedwell.练习—Canyouplayvolleyballorbasketball?—___________ofthem.I'mgoodatballgames.16.LaterIfoundoutFrenchpeoplearesupposedtokisswhentheyseeeachother.后来我发现法国人见面时应该亲吻对方（以示礼貌）。辨析：findout,lookfor与findfindout发现；找出；查明多指通过观察、探索而发现事实的真相，通过调查找出原因，或发现秘密、找出错误等，通常含有"经过困难和曲折”的含义lookfor寻找是有目的地找，强调“寻找”这一动作find找到；发现通常指找到或发现具体的东西，也可指偶然发现某物或某种情况，强调“找”的结果Wemustfindoutthetruthofthematter.Ican'tfindmypen.I'mlookingforiteverywhere.17.WhereI'mfrom,we'reprettyrelaxedabouttime.在我们那个地方，我们的时间观念比较随意。1)where引导地点状语从句此句中where用作连词，引导地点状语从句，说明主句行为发生的地点。WhereIlive,therearemanytrees.2)relaxed〔形容词〕放松的；自在的 此处作表语。berelaxedabout对……感到放松/随意Listeningtomusicmakesusfeelrelaxed.Wearerelaxedaboutourbreakfast.练习根据句意和首字母提示补全单词。Listentoapieceoflightmusicandyouwillfeelr___________.3)辨析：relaxed与relaxingrelaxed放松的；自在的描述人的感受，常作表语，主语通常是人relaxing令人放松的多用来说明事物本身具有令人放松的特性，可作定语或表语，常用来修饰或说明事物一言辨异Ifeelreallyrelaxedaftertherelaxingvacation.18.Wedon'tliketorusharound,sowedon'tmindifpeoplearealittlelatesometimes.我们不喜欢匆匆忙忙的，所以有时如果人们晚一点儿，我们并不介意。辨析：alittle与abit①相同点：两者都作“有点儿；一点儿”讲，可修饰形容词、副词的原级或比较级；可作主语或宾语。Heisalittle/abitolderthanyou.Pleasegivemealittle/abit.②不同点：alittle后可直接接不可数名词；abit后必须加of才能接不可数名词。alittlemoney=abitofmoney拓展notalittle与notabit意义完全不同。①notalittle意为“很，非常”，相当于very/verymuch。Thewoundisnotalittlepainful.=Thewoundisverypainful.②notabit意为“根本不，一点儿也不”，相当于notatall。Heisnotabitangry.=Heisnotangryatall.19.Wevaluethetimewespendwithourfamilyandfriendsinoureverydaylives.我们珍视日常生活中和家人、朋友在一起的时光。1)value①〔及物动词〕重视；珍视valuesb./sth.for...因……而重视某人/某物Valuesb./sth.as...把某人/某物珍视为……It'satraditiontovalueeducationinChina.Mr.WangvaluesTomforhishardwork.Ireallyvaluehimasafriend.②〔名词〕价值 形容词形式为valuable，意为“贵重的；很有用的；宝贵的”TherealvalueofmyvoluntaryworkisbeingfriendswiththepeopleIhelp.Thereisnothingvaluableinthebag.练习Weshould___________thefriendshipthatwehavedevelopedinthepastyears.A.value 2)spend(spent,spent)〔动词〕①度过spendtimewithsb.和某人一起度过时光Iexpecttospendplentyoftimewithmyfamily.Howdidyouspendyoursummervacation？②花费指花费时间或金钱，主语为表示人的词。Ispentonehourdoingmyhomeworkyesterday.Mymotheralwaysspendsmuchmoneyontheclothes.练习OnJanuary29th,2020,ZhongNanshanandhisteam___________overfourhoursonline___________fivepatientswhowereseriouslyill,andmadeatreatmentplanforthosepatients.A.spent;checking B.spent;tocheck ;checking D.spend;tocheck20.Weoftenjustdropbyourfriends'homesifwehavetime.如果有时间，我们经常顺便到朋友的家里拜访。dropby顺便拜访；随便进入可单独使用，也可接表示地点的名词，此时相当于eoverto。drop的过去式、过去分词和现在分词分别是dropped,dropped,dropping。Dropbyifyouarefree.Idropbytheshoptodosomeshopping.拓展 dropinat+地点顺便拜访某地Wouldyoudropinonusthiseveningforachat?Hedroppedinatthefactoryonhiswayhome.21.Wedon'tusuallyhavetomakeplanstomeetourfriends.我们通常不必刻意安排与朋友见面。makeplans制订计划Wemakeplanstohaveagoodholiday.拓展plan〔动词〕计划，打算Thegovernmentplanstoclosedownthefactorybecauseofpollution.=Thegovernmentmakesaplantoclosedownthefactorybecauseofpollution.22.Weoftenjustwalkaroundthetowncenter,seeingasmanyofourfriendsaswecan!我们经常只是在城镇中心走走，见尽可能多的朋友！1）现在分词短语作伴随状语现在分词短语seeingasmanyofourfriendsaswecan作伴随状语，说明谓语walk表示的动作发生时，另一个动作正在进行。Theteachercameintotheclassroom,holdingabookinhishand.某人尽可能…… 相当于as....aspossibleIhopeyou'llwriteassoonasyoucan.=Ihopeyou'llwriteassoonaspossible.Youmusttrytorememberasmanywordsasyoucan.23.InSwitzerland,it'sveryimportanttobeontime.在瑞士，守时是非常重要的。ontime准时，按时Thepassengersgetontheplaneontime.Pleasedon'tbelate.etomypartyontime.拓展①intime及时Hewasjustintimeforthemeeting.②attimes有时（相当于sometimes）Igotoschoolwithoutbreakfastattimes.③bythetime.到……的时候Bythetimewegottothecinema,thefilmhadbegun.④atthesametime同时Thetwinsalwaysgetupatthesametime.24.We’rethecapitalofclocksandwatches,afterall!毕竟我们是钟表之都！1)thecapitalof……的首都/国都 其中capital用作可数名词，意为“首都；国都"。BeijingisthecapitalofChina.2)afterall毕竟；终归可位于句首、句中或句末。位于句首时含有"别忘了……"之意，用来说服或提醒对方。IthoughtIwasgoingtofailtheexam,butIpassedafterall.Afterall,heisyourfather.拓展①aboveall首先；最重要的是 起强调作用，位于句首或句中。Aboveall,chairsshouldbefortable.②inall总共 位于句首或句末。Inall,shehaseightcostumechanges.③notatall根本不；不客气—Thankyouverymuchforspeakingtous.练习—ThisissodifficultthatIwanttogiveup.—Takeiteasy.___________，ittakestimetolearnsomethingnew.A.Inthatcase B.Forexample C.Bytheway D.Afterall25.Ifsomeoneinvitesyoutomeethimorheratnoon,thenyou'reexpectedtobethereatnoon.如果有人邀请你在中午见面，那么你应该在中午到那里。1)invitesb.todosth.邀请某人做某事invitesb.to+地点名词邀请某人到某地SheinvitedmetoattendaconcertofChinesefolkmusiclastnight.IinvitedJennytomyhouse.练习Mr.Whiteinvitedme___________thehillwithhimlastweekend.A.toclimb 2)atnoon在中午其中noon用作名词，意为“中午；正午”。介词at用在具体时刻或dawn（黎明），noon（正午）,dusk（黄昏）,midnight（午夜）等名词前。Heusuallycallsmeupatnoon.26.Ifyou'reeven15minuteslate,yourfriendmaygetmad.即使你只迟到了15分钟，你的朋友也可能会很生气。1)getmad大动肝火；气愤强调动作和过程；而bemad意为“感到很生气"，表示状态。Tomwaslateagain.Histeachergotmad.Thismorningshewasalittlemad.2)mad〔形容词〕很生气；疯的drivesb.mad使某人发狂You'remadtodrivesofast!Pleasedon'tgetmadat/withme.There'snoneedtogetmadaboutit!Thebadnewsmadehimmad.27.SoImakeanefforttobeontimewhenImeetmyfriends.所以当我与朋友见面时，我努力做到守时。makeanefforttodosth.努力做某事其中effort用作名词，意为“艰难的尝试”。该短语中的an也可根据情况换为no,every,another,onemore等；其中的make也可换为have。Pleasemakeanefforttofinishthetaskontime.Alltheireffortsweresuccessful.注意①effort泛指努力时，通常是不可数名词。Hissuccessdependsuponeffortanability.②effort强调一次具体的努力时，通常是可数名词。Withagreatefforthejumpedon.练习根据所给的中文意思完成句子，每空一词。请永远不要放弃！世界上从来没有人未经努力就取得成功。Nevergiveup,please!Nooneintheworldhaseversucceededwithout_________an_________.28.IalwaysleavethehouseearlytoavoidheavytrafficbecauseIthinkit'simpolitetokeepotherswaiting.我总是早早离开家以避免交通拥挤，因为我认为让别人等待是不礼貌的。1)avoid〔及物动词〕避免；逃避其后可接名词、代词或动词ing形式作宾语。Fortunately,heavoidedanaccident.Itriedtoavoidmakingmymothermad.拓展后接动词ing形式作宾语的动词及短语还有enjoy,mind,finish,practice,consider,suggest,bebusy,keepon,fee.like,beusedto,giveup,lookforwardto等。练习Duringourholidays,weshouldavoid__________upatnightandoversleepinginthemorning.2)impolite〔形容词〕无礼的；不礼貌的它是由形容词polite加否定前缀im构成的。It'simpolitetolaughatothers.助记练习根据句意和首字母提示补全单词。It'si__________foreachofustospeakloudlyinpublicplaces.3)keepsb.doingsth.让某人一直做某事为“keep+宾语+宾语补足语”结构，此处是v.ing形式作宾语补足语。Sorry,Ihavekeptyouwaitingsolong.拓展①在"keep+宾语+宾语补足语"结构中，keep为及物动词，意为“使……保持某种状态"，宾语补足语还可以是形容词、副词或介词短语。a.keep+人/物+形容词Wemustkeepourroomclean.b.keep+人/物+副词Don'tkeephimawayfromschool.c.keep+人/物+介词短语Don'tkeepyourbooksinthebox.Don'tkeeptalkinginpublic.③keepsb.fromdoingsth.阻止某人做某事Nothingcankeephimfromstudyinghard.考点向导常在"用所给词的适当形式填空”题中考查keep后用ving形式作宾补的用法。29.Also,wenevervisitafriend'shousewithoutcallingfirst.而且，我们也从不事先未打便登门拜访朋友。1)never〔副词〕从不；从来没有表示否定意义。当陈述句中含有never时，其反意疑问句的附加问句要用肯定形式。You'veneverreceivedhisinvitation,haveyou?注意表示否定意义的词还有hardly（几乎不）,few/little（很少，几乎没有）seldom（不常，很少）等。Fewstudentscanworkoutthedifficultmathproblem.2)without〔介词〕没有，无反义词为with，其后常接名词、代词或动词ing形式表示伴随情况或条件，在句中作状语。Icouldn'tsucceedwithoutyoursupport.练习ThankstothevideoVisitingtheWorldOnline,wecanenjoythesights__________leavinghome. C.without30.Weusuallyplantodosomethinginteresting,orgosomewheretogether.我们通常计划着一起去做有趣的事或一起去某个地方。形容词修饰复合不定代词somethinginteresting意为“有趣的事情”。在英语中，形容词修饰something,anything,nothing等复合不定代词时应后置。Ihavesomethingspecialtotelltheclass.Thereisnothingdelicioustoeat.31.Whenyougoabroad,itisimportanttobringyourpassport.当你出国时，带护照很重要。goabroad出国 其中abroad为副词，意为“在国外；到国外”。Sheoftengoesabroadonbusiness.I'veneverlivedabroadbefore.32.Afterclass,studentsaresupposedto/areexpectedtocleanthechalkofftheblackboard.课后，学生们应该把黑板上的粉笔字擦掉。1)clean...off把……擦掉 动副短语wanttocleanoffthesedirtymarks.=Iwanttocleanthesedirtymarksoff.Pleasecleanthemoff.拓展clean的其他常见短语：cleanout把……内部彻底打扫干净 cleanup打扫（或清除）干净2)chalk①〔不可数名词〕粉笔 表示数量时可用...piece(s)ofchalk.apieceofchalkPleasewritewithchalk.②〔可数名词〕粉笔 表示各种型号、各种色彩的粉笔。aboxofcoloredchalks33.IfyouvisitthenortherncoastofNorwayduringthewinterseason,itisimportanttopackwarmclothes.如果你在冬季游览挪威的北海岸，装上暖和的衣服很重要。1)northern〔形容词〕北方的；北部的它是由名词north（北，北方）加ern构成的形容词。ShelivesinthenorthernpartofChina.拓展表示方位的名词，在词尾加ern可构成形容词。eastn.东，东方→easternadj.东方的；东部的westn.西，西方→westernadj.西方的；西部的southn.南，南方→southernadj.南方的；南部的northwestn.西北，西北方→northwesternadj.西北方的，来自西北方的northeastn.东北，东北方→northeasterradj.东北方的，来自东北方的southwestn.西南，西南方→southwesterradj.西南方的，来自西南方的southeastn.东南，东南方→southeasterradj.东南方的，来自东南方的2)coast〔名词〕海岸；海滨on/atthecoast在海边 alongthecoast沿海Iusedtoliveinasmallvillageonthecoast.3)season〔可数名词〕季；季节可表示某事通常发生的时期，也可表示一年中的季节。Thisisthefirstgameoftheseason.Thisisnottheseasonforharvesting.34.Iftherearepeopleinthemeetingroom,youaresupposedto/areexpectedtoknockbeforeentering.如果会议室里有人，你进入之前应该敲门。knock①〔不及物动词〕敲；击knockat/onthedoor敲门Heknockedat/onthedoor,buttherewasnoanswer.②〔动词〕碰撞knockagainst/on撞到……（上）knockdown撞倒Thecarknockedagainstthetreelastnight.Anelephantknockeddownadog.③〔名词〕敲击声；敲击Thereisaknockatthedoor.35.InmanyeasternEuropeancountries,youaresupposedto/areexpectedtotakeoffyourglovesbeforeshakinghands.在许多东欧国家，握手前你应该摘下手套。takeoff①脱下（衣服） 动副短语 其反义短语为puton，意为“穿上”。Putonyourclothes.Don'ttakethemoff.It'swarmintheroom.Youcantakeyourcoatoff.=It'swarmintheroom.Youcantakeoffyourcoat.②（飞机等）起飞Theplanewilltakeoffsoon.拓展常见的含take的短语还有：takecareof照顾 takecare当心；注意takeplace发生 takemedicine服药takephotos照相 takeiteasy别紧张takeaway拿走 takenotes记笔记takesb.'splace代替某人 takeamessage捎个口信takeafter与……相像 takerisks/arisk冒险takedown拆除；记下 takeexercise做运动take...to...把……带到…… takeup开始做，占用takeashower/walk洗淋浴/散步 takeabreak/rest休息一下Take...out(of...)（从……里）拿出；取出……练习—Hurryup!Ourplanewill__________soon.—Don'tworry.Westillhaveenoughtime.A.takedown B.take C.takeup D.takeafter36....butitisworththetroubleifyouwanttounderstandanotherculture.……但是如果你想了解另一种文化，麻烦一点儿也值得。1)worth〔形容词〕值得；有……价值（的）一般作表语，其后可跟动词ing形式或名词，具体用法有：①beworthdoing值得做句子的主语一般是doing的宾语。worth后面的动词ing形式表示被动意义。Theplaceisworthvisiting.②beworth+钱 值……钱Thepictureisworth$30.③beworth+名词值得………Idon'tthinkit'sworthourwork.注意表示“很值得”，应说wellworth,而不说veryworth。Thebookiswellworthreading.练习ThefilmHi,Mom(《你好，李焕英》)ismoving,andIthinkitiswellworth__________. B.tobesee D.tosee2)辨析：another,theother,other,others与theothersanother泛指“三个或三个以上”中的“另一个”，后接可数名词单数；也可用作代词theother相当于代词或形容词，指“两个”之中的“另一个"，是特指。常用在one...theother...结构中，表示"一个……，另一个……"other用作形容词，意为“别的；其他的”，其后常接复数名词，表示泛指others用作代词，泛指“其他的人或物”，相当于“other+复数名词”。some.others.意为“有的……，有的……”theothers相当于代词，特指一个整体内的“其他全部的人或物"，相当于"theother+复数名词”Weneedanotherchair.Idon'tlikethisskirt.Pleaseshowmeanother.Hehastwosisters.OneisLilyandtheotherisLisa.WestudyChinese,math,Englishandothersubjects.Youshouldthinkofothers.Thestudentsaredoingthecleaning.Somearecleaningthewindows,andothersaremoppingthefloor.Therearefiftystudentsinourclass.Thirtyofusareboys,andtheothersaregirls.注意another+数词（大于1）+名词复数=数词（大于1）+more+名词复数，意为“再来……个……”。Weneedanotherfivedesks.=Weneedfivemoredesks.练习Someanimalsmovefromoneplaceto__________atcertaintimesoftheyear.37.tablemanners餐桌礼仪manner〔名词〕①礼貌；礼仪常用复数形式。good/badmanners有/没有礼貌Attheparty,youshouldmindyourmanners.Differentcountrieshavedifferenttablemanners.②方式；方法比way正式，通常用单数形式。IloveduckcookedintheChinesemanner.练习根据句意和括号中所给中文提示，在句中空格处填写上正确的单词。It'soneofthegoodtable__________（礼仪）inChinatoasktheoldtoeatfirst.SectionB1.InKorea,theyoungestpersonisexpectedtostarteatingfirst.在韩国，年龄最小的人应该先开始吃。startdoingsth.开始做某事 与starttodosth.同义。Hestartedcrying.=Hestartedtocry.拓展作"开始"讲时，start与begin两者可互换，但以下情况不是“开始”之意，只能用start，不能用begin。①表示“创办，开设；建立，成立”时。WhenJackwas11,hestartedagrouptoteachkidsaboutpandas.②表示“开动机器”时。Canyoustartthecar?③表示“出发，动身”时。Wemuststartearly.2.InChina,it'simpolitetouseyourchopstickstohitanemptybowl.在中国，用筷子敲空碗是不礼貌的。①〔形容词〕空的；空洞的 反义词为full（满的）。Thecupisempty.Thisisanemptybox.②〔及物动词〕排空，倒空 反义词为fill（装满，填满）。Justnowheemptiedthecup.3.Youshouldn'tpointatanyonewithyourchopsticks.你不应该用筷子指着人。辨析：pointat与pointtopointat指着侧重所指的对象，通常表示指着近处的人或物pointto指向侧重所指的方向，通常表示指着较远处的人或物一言变异Thegirlispointingattheboywhoispointingtothehighmountainfaraway.拓展Hetookoutacameraandpointeditatme.②pointout指出Mariapointedoutmymistakes.4.You'renotsupposedtostarteatingfirstifthereareolderpeopleatthetable.如果有年长的人在餐桌旁，你不应该先开始吃。atthetable在餐桌旁attable在吃饭Themansatatthetableandaskedforacupoftea.Theyareattablenow.拓展at可与某些名词搭配，构成固定短语。atsupper/lunch/breakfast在吃晚饭/午饭/早饭atwork在工作5.MycousinwenttoAmerica,andshesaidthatlearningbasictablemannerswasherbiggestchallenge.我的堂妹去了美国，她说学习基本的餐桌礼仪是她最大的挑战。basic〔形容词〕基本的；基础的 名词形式为base，意为“基础；基地；底部”。It'snecessarytomastersomebasicgrammarrules.6.HowdoesshefeelaboutmakingmistakeswhenshespeaksFrench?她怎样看待说法语时犯错误？辨析：speak,tell,say与talkspeak及物动词“说（某种语言）”。其后宾语通常是表示语言的名词speak+语言“说某种语言"不及物动词"交谈，说话"。通常指说话的能力和方式，侧重讲话这一动作，也有“演讲，发言"之意speaktosb."与某人谈话”tell及物动词“讲述，告诉”。着重指把一件事通知或告诉别人tellsb.sth.“告诉某人某事”,tellsb.aboutsth.“告诉某人关于某事/某物的情况",tellsb.(not)todosth.“告诉某人（不要）做某事",tellalie“说谎”,tellstories/astory“讲故事”say及物动词“说，讲”。指用语言表达思想，着重强调说话的内容say+名词、代词或从句，say+直接引语talk不及物动词“说话，谈话”。指一般的谈话或交谈talktosb."和某人谈话”,talkwithsb.“和某人交谈”,talkaboutsb./sth.“谈论某人/某事"CanyouspeakEnglish?Pleasetellmethenews.Mymothertellsmetobuysomefruit.PleasesayitinChinese.Hesays,"It'sgreat."Theyaretalkingaboutthefilmwitheachother.7.Yes,I'mhavingagreattimeonmystudentexchangeprograminFrance.是的，我在法国的交换生生活过得很愉快。exchange①〔名词〕交换anexchangestudent一名交换生anexchangeof交换……inexchangefor交换……HehasgonetoFranceasanexchangestudent.Anexchangeofideasishelpful.Hehelpedotherswithfarmworkinexchangeforbooks.②〔及物动词〕交换；调换；兑换exchange...for... 用……换……CanIexchangeanappleforfouroranges?I'msupposedtoexchangemydollarsforpoundsfirst.CanIexchangestampswithyou?8.IwasabitnervousbeforeIarrivedhere,buttherewasnoreasontobe.我在到这里之前有点儿紧张，但那是没理由的。Therewas/isnoreason(forsb.)todosth.（某人）没有理由做某事"Sb.have/hasnoreasontodosth."也表示“某人没有理由做某事"，可与"Therewas/isnoreasonforsb.todosth."进行转换。Thereisnoreasontobelate.There'snoreasonforyoutopreventtheplan.=Youhavenoreasontopreventtheplan.拓展Therebeno+n.(+forsb.)+todosth.（某人）没有……做某事。"Therebeno+n.+forsb.todosth."可与“Sbhave/hasno...todosth."进行转换。Someparentsthinkthereisnoneedforteenagerstodohouseworknow.There'snotimeformetohangout.=Ihavenotimetohangout.9.Theygooutoftheirwaytomakemefeelathome.他们尽力使我感受到家庭的温馨。1)gooutofone'sway特地；格外努力gooutofone'swaytodosth.特地做某事，格外努力做某事Theschooluniformisveryimportant,becauseitalwaysremindsmethatIamsupposedtogooutofmywaytostudy.练习根据所给中文完成句子翻译。端午节那天，厨师们特地给孩子们包了饺子。Thecooks__________tomakedumplingsforthekidsontheDragonBoatFestival.2)make...feelathome使（某人）感到宾至如归Hiskindnessmakesmefeelathome.练习Theywentoutoftheirwayto___________whenwewereinBeijing.10.SosheactuallylearnedhowtomakeChinesefood!为此她竟然学习如何做中餐！“疑问词+动词不定式”结构howtomakeChinesefood为“疑问词+动词不定式”结构，在句中作learned的宾语。Iwanttolearnhowtomakedumplings.拓展疑问词who,which,when,where，how,what等与动词不定式连用时，构成“疑问词+动词不定式”结构，常作tell,show,know,earn,teach,explain,decide，等动词的宾语，可转换成宾语从句。“疑问词+动词不定式"结构改为宾语从句时，只需在疑问词后添加一个适当的主语，并将动词不定式改为适当形式的谓语。Canyoutellmehowtoexchangemoney?=CanyoutellmehowIshouldexchangemoney?11.Shealsohasateenagegranddaughteraboutmyagewhoisreallykind.她也有一个与我年龄相仿的十几岁的（外）孙女，她非常友好。1）辨析：also,too,aswell与either四者都表示“也”，但用法有别，具体如下：also肯定句句中位于助动词、连系动词be、情态动词之后，实义动词之前too肯定句或疑问句句末前面通常用逗号隔开aswell肯定句句末前面不加逗号either否定句句末前面通常加逗号Wealsoshakehandsinourcountry.Myfavoriteseasonissummer,too.Icanplaythepianoaswell.Idon'tlikeelectronicmusic,either2)teenage〔形容词〕十几岁的；青少年的指13岁至19岁这一年龄段。其名词形式为teenager，意为“青少年”，指13岁至19岁的人，用作可数名词。Theteenageactorisverypopular.Doyouknowtheteenagerwearingtheschooluniform?3)granddaughter〔可数名词〕（外）孙女对应词为grandson，意为“（外）孙子”。它是由grand和daughter组成的合成词。grand表示亲属关系中的“（外）孙……”或“（外）祖……”，与daughter,son,mother或father等合成新词。grand+father→grandfather祖父；外祖父grand+mother→grandmother祖母；外祖母grand+parents→grandparents祖父母；外祖父母12.ShealwaystalkstomeinFrenchtohelpmepractice.她总是用法语和我说话来帮助我练习（法语）。practice①〔不及物动词〕练习；实习；实践Thebestwaytolearnaforeignlanguageistopractice,practiceandpractice.②〔及物动词〕练习后接名词、代词或动词ing形式作宾语。YoumustpracticeyourspokenEnglish.Howdoyoupracticeplayingfootball?③〔不可数名词〕实践；练习Knowledgeesfrompracticeandpracticemakesperfect.练习Manystudentspractice___________inthemorningbecauseoftheP.E.exam.13.Youwouldn'tbelievehowquicklymyFrenchhasimprovedbecauseofthat.你简直都想不到就因为那样我的法语提高得有多快。辨析：becauseof与because两者都表示“因为”，但用法不同，具体如下：becauseof短语介词其后一般跟名词、代词、动词ing形式，还可以跟what引导的宾语从句because连词通常是说话人用来陈述理由或原因，后接原因状语从句Theydidn'tgototheparkbecauseofthesnow.=Theydidn'tgototheparkbecauseitsnowed.注意有时becauseof与because可进行同义转换。14.I'mveryfortablespeakingFrenchnow.我现在讲法语感到轻松自如。befortabledoingsth.做某事（感到）轻松自如/舒服相当于feelgoodaboutdoingsth.。Markwasfortableansweringthequestion.Heisfortablesittingbytheseaandenjoyingthebathofthesun.15.Mybiggestchallengeislearninghowtobehaveatthedinnertable.我最大的挑战是学习如何在餐桌上举止得体。1）动名词（短语）作表语learninghowtobehave...是动名词短语，在句中作表语，可以和主语互换位置。MydreamisvisitingthenortherncoastofNorway.=VisitingthenortherncoastofNorwayismydream.2)behave〔动词〕表现；举止用作及物动词时，后接反身代词，意为“表现良好”。其名词形式为behavior（行为，举止）Shebehavedwell.Class,pleasebehaveyourselves!Hewasonhisbestbehavior.16.Asyoucanimagine,thingsareverydifferentfromthewaytheyareathome.正如你想象的那样，这里的很多事