非谓语动词-独立主格

独立主格结构一般来说，分词或分词短语作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致。但有时候，分词的动作不是由句子的主语发出来的，它有自己的逻辑主语。独立主格结构本身不是句子，在句子中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的等。Givenmoretime,wecoulddoitbetter.Nobodyhavinganymoretosay,themeetingwasclosed.2021/5/91Itrained.Istayedathome.2021/5/92怎样将两个句子合并？要求：可以使用连词，请将句子合并成并列句。☞Itrainso/andIstayedathome.并列连词：and,or,but,so,for,when,while,neither…nor,either…or,not…but,notonly…butalso2021/5/93要求：可以使用连词，请将句子合并为复合句。☞Becauseitrainedyesterday,Istayedathome.要求：不适用连词，将两个句子合并为一个句子。☞Itraining,Istayedathome.2021/5/94比较三句：☞Itrainso/andIstayedathome.☞Becauseitrainedyesterday,Istayedathome.☞Itraining,Istayedathome.2021/5/95独立主格结构的概念：☞“独立主格结构”是由名词或代词作为逻辑主语，加上分词、形容词、副词、动词不定式或介词短语作为逻辑谓语构成。这种结构在形式上与主句没有关系，通常称为“独立主格结构”。2021/5/96

独立主格形式

1.名词/主格代词+Ifweatherpermits,wewillgoforaspringouting.__________________,wewillgoforaspringouting.Theboystoodthere,andhishandwasraised.Theboystoodthere,____________________.Weatherpermittinghishandraiseddoing主动done被动todo将来2021/5/97Isendyou100dollarstoday,andtherestwillfollowinayear.Isendyou100dollarstoday,____________________inayear.theresttofollow2021/5/982.名词/主格代词+(being)+adj./adv./介词短语/nAstheteacherwasill,thelecturewasputoff.___________________,thelecturewasputoff.Whenthemeetingwasover,welefttheroom._____________________,welefttheroom.TheteacherillThemeetingoverShestoodthere,abookinhishand.=bookinhand2021/5/99特殊：Astherewasnobus,wehadtogobackhomeonfoot._________________,wehadtogobackhomeonfoot.BecauseitisSundaytoday,wedon’thavetowork._________________,wedon’thavetowork.TherebeingnobusItbeingSunday主语是代词时，being不能省2021/5/910区别于分词作状语分词做状语特点：现在分词作状语，表主动的动作，或表动作正在进行过去分词作状语，表被动的动作，或表动作已经完成。2021/5/9111Whentheyhearthenews,theyalljumpedwithjoyHearingthenews,theyalljumpedwithjoy.

2Whenitisseenfromthehill,theparklooksverybeautiful.

Seenfromthehill,

theparklooksverybeautiful.3Thechildrenranoutoftheroom.Theylaughedandtalkedmerrily.Thechildrenranoutoftheroom,laughingandtalkingmerrily.

特点：主语一致分词作状语2021/5/912独立主格结构Weatherpermitting,we’llgosightseeinginGaopo.Allthingsconsidered,herpaperisofgreatervaluethanyours.结构特点：两个不同的主语2021/5/913独立主格结构的形式：名词或代词+分词（doing\done)名词或代词+不定式名词或代词+形容词\副词名词或代词+介词短语名词或代词+名词Therebeing+名词（代词）Itbeing+名词（代词）分词独立结构由“名词+being…”构成时，being常省略。2021/5/914名词或代词+分词（doing\done)1）天气允许的话，我们去高坡观光吧。Weatherpermitting（Ifweatherpermits）,we’llgosightseeinginGaopo.

2)综合来看，他的论文比你的更有价值。Allthingsconsidered（Ifallthingsareconsidered）,herpaperisofgreatervaluethanyours.

Helayonhisback,histeethset,hisrighthand

clenchedonhisbreastandhisglaringeyeslookingstraightupward.3)他仰面躺着，牙关紧闭，双手紧握在胸前，两眼朝上直直地怒视着。2021/5/915名词或代词+不定式1）明天要考试，我今晚就不去看电影了吧。Theexam

tobeheldtomorrow,Icouldn’tgotothecinematonight.

Theysaidgood-byetoeachother,

onetogohome,theothertogotothebookstore.

2)她俩道了别，一个要回家，另一个要去书店。Manytrees,flowers,andgrasstobeplanted,ourschoolwilllookevenmorebeautiful.3)种下大量的花草树木后，学校看起来会更漂亮。不定式在独立主格结构中多表示将来的行为，表示“企图”

“约定”等，指的是按计划安排要做的事。2021/5/916名词/主格代词+形容词1）这么多人缺席，会议不得不取消。Somanypeople（being）absent,themeetinghadtobecalledoff.2）那架飞机遭遇了空难，无一人生还。Anairaccidenthappenedtotheplane,nobody（being）alive.3）会议一结束，他们就都回家了。Themeeting（being）over,theyallwenthome.2021/5/917名词/主格代词+介词短语1）孩子们手里拿着花向我们跑过来Thechildrencamerunningtowardsus,

flowersinhands.2）玛丽靠近火炉坐着，背对着门。Marywassittingnearthefire,herbacktowardsthedoor.2021/5/918表示存在时用“Therebeing+名词（代词）”的结构1).

Therebeingnobuses,theywalkedtothetheatre2).Therebeingnocauseforfear,hereturnedtohishometown.Itbeing+名词（代词）由于圣诞节的缘故，政府机关都休息。ItbeingChristmas,thegovernmentofficeswereclosed.

由于今天是假日，所有商店都关门了。Itbeingholiday,alltheshopswereshut.

Suchbeing+名词（代词）Suchbeingthecase,shehasnothingtosay.Suchbeingthefact,shehadtoadmithismistake.2021/5/919Ihaveneverimaginedoftherebeingapictureonthewall.Iexpecttheretobemanychancesforhimtogetajob.Whatisthechanceofthere____somegooddictionariesinthatbookstore?Theteacherwaswaitingforthere___completesilence.2021/5/920区别于介词with/without复合结构

doing(表示动作的主动和进行)done（表示动作的被动和完成）With/without+名词/宾格代词+todo(表示将来)adj/adv(表示状态或特征)介词短语（表示状态或特征）2021/5/921该结构作状语可以表示时间、原因、方式、伴随状况等含义；有时候也可以作定语。①Withtheboyleadingtheway,wearesurewe’llbethereontime.有男孩带路，我们有把握会准时到那儿。（表原因）②Theclassroomisverybightwithallthelightsturnedon.所有的灯都打开，教室里非常明亮。（表示时间）③Ican’tgoout,withalotofworktodo.我不能出去，因为有很多工作要做。（表示原因）④Don’ttalkwithyourmouthfull.不要嘴里含着东西谈话。（表示方式）2021/5/922⑤Withthelightoff,wecan’tseeanything.灯灭了，我们什么也看不见。（表示原因）⑥Hefoughtthetigerwithoutastickashisonlyweapon.

他与老虎搏斗,没有一根棍子作为武器。（表示方式）⑦Theteacherenteredtheclassroom,withabookinhishand.老师进入了教室，手里拿着一本书。（表伴随状况）⑧Hereachedthebeautifulriverwithredflowersandgreentreesonbothsides.他来到了两岸长满红花绿树的这条河上。（作后置定语，修饰river）2021/5/923★Father________(permit),Graceenjoyedabigbonbon.Thegame________(lose),Gracestilllookeduptoherpapaasherhero.独立主格结构permittinglost2021/5/924S（逻辑主语）doing

havingdone主动关系S(逻辑主语)done

havingbeendone被动关系Thelecture_______,alivelyquestion-and-answersessionfollowed.beinggivenB.havinggivenC.tobegivenD.havingbeengiven_______nobus,wehadtowalkhome.TherebeingB.BeingC.HavingbeenD.Therewas2021/5/92