专题05 阅读理解说明文之工作职业8篇+饮食健康6篇+文化3篇+环境保护6篇(模考好题23篇)-2024届高考英语考前【词汇语法题型】精练突破（新高考）含解析

专题05阅读理解说明文之工作职业8篇+饮食健康6篇+文化3篇+环境保护6篇(模考好题23篇)-2024届高考英语考前【词汇语法题型】精练突破（新高考）含解析专题05阅读理解说明文之工作职业8篇+饮食健康6篇+文化3篇+环境保护6篇(模考好题23篇)一、概述说明文是用平实的语言客观地解说事物、阐明事理，给人以知识的文体。题材涉及科技、社会和文化生活等各个领域。说明文的结构特点：1、新闻报道类：总体--细节或过程说明。2、科普类：社会现象或变化--细节(运作原理或原因阐述)--社会效应和相关启示。3、研究调查类：引出话题--调查结果--调查过程(方法、步骤、人员等)--对现实的影响和未来的展望。4、说明呈现类：总体呈现--细节描述(中心句一般在段首)--总结。二、技巧点拨1、关键是抓住说明对象的本质特征。阅读时也要注意说明的顺序，说明的顺序有时间顺序(如事物的发展变化)、空间顺序(如建筑结构)、逻辑顺序(因果、现象与本质)。2、掌握说明文的说明方法：举例子、作比较——举例子、作比较(对比说明相异、类比说明相似)、列数字、作诠释、下定义、作引用、打比方等。3、把握文章的脉络和长难句的分析。模拟演练01人与自我—工作职业Passage1(2024·江苏盐城·模拟预测)Chiefexecutiveofficer.Marketingdirector.Leadwriter.Jobtitleslikethesehavegenerallybeenstandardacrossworkforyears.Theycommunicateessentialemployeedetailssuchasjobfunctionandseniority.Theymakesensetoemployeesandrecruiters(招聘人员)alike,leavinglittleroomforambiguity.However,labelslike“chiefvisionaryofficer”,“businessdevelopmentguru(大师)”or“chiefremoteofficer”areemerging.Inmanyindustries,especiallycreativeones,employersfeelfreetocreatejobtitlesforemployees.Theycanserveasrecruitmentorretention(留用)tools—andevengrabattentionfromclients.ThiswasthecaseforLennieHughes,whoseofficialjobtitleis“headofhype(炒作)andculture”atTruant,aLondon-basedadvertisingagency.Initially,thispositionwasadvertisedasamoretraditional“headofmarketingandnewbusiness“.But,afterbeingrecruited,HughesworkedwithTruanttocraftanewtitlefortherolehe’dlead,centredmoreonintegratingtraditionalexternalbrandingandcommunicationswithafreshtakeoninternalworkplaceculture.Healsoacknowledgesit’snotwithoutstrategicbenefit.“Ifmyjobisallaboutgettingattention,thetitleshoulddothat,too.”Expertsandemployeesalikesaytherecanbeanupsidetoflashyjobtitles.PawelAdrjanworksforIndeed,alargehiringplatform.HecitesIndeeddata,showing“people”isoutdoingthetraditionaltitleof“humanresources”;similarly,thetitleof“talentacquisition”isup75%while“recruitment”isdown19%since2019.Adrjansays,“Byusing‘people’inthetitle,employerscansaytheyinvestinpeople.Throughthislanguage,companiesaretryingtoshowtheydon’tregardemployeesasresourcestotap.”Butbeware,thesefancynewtitlesaren’tallgoodnews.Sometimestheyofferlittleguidanceastowhattheirjobactuallyinvolves.Ultimately,whenanon-descriptive,overblownjobtitleisusedasacostlessrecruitingmethodtoboostworkerego(自尊心),itcanleadtoamismatchinexpectationsbetweenemployerandemployee.Attheextremeend,thiscouldplaceworkersinatoughpositionwheretheyendupinarolethatdoesn’tmatchwhattheythoughtwaspromised.1.Whatbestexplains“ambiguity”underlinedinparagraph1?A.Growth. B.Confusion. C.Discussion. D.Improvement.2.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesLennieHughes?A.Hard-working. B.Honest. C.Considerate. D.Innovative.3.Whatdoesparagraph3tellusaboutthenewjobtitles?A.Theyaremainlyusedtoattractinvestment.B.Theyarestartingtolosepopularityamongemployers.C.Theycanmakeemployeesfeelmorerespected.D.Theycanhelpcompaniestapabroadercandidatepool.4.Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlyfocuson?A.Thegrowingmismatchbetweenworkersandtheirjobtitles.B.Thenegativeimpactofunconventionaljobtitles.C.Theunrealisticexpectationsofemployers.D.Thetoughpositionofmodernworkers.Passage2(2024·湖南长沙·一模)CathyWinstonisasportsnutritionist.Amongherregularsareathletes.Cathythrivesonthevariety,witheachnewsportprovidingnewchallengesandarenewedappreciationofherchosenfieldofexpertise.Inherview,dealingwithathletesfromvarioussportbackgroundshelpsherbecomeseasoned,whichisakeypartofbeingasuccessfulnutritionist.“Youhavetounderstandnutritionandpeople,andthenyoucanbegintoworkinthisfield,”shesays.“Besides,intennisyoumustlearntobereactive,becauseyoudon’tknowhowlongthematchlasts.However,it’s90minutesinfootballsoyouknowwhatyou’refuelingfor.”Regardlessofthesport,Cathy’sattituderemainsthesame:Anyathletefailingtorespectnutritionisonewhoisfailingtofulfilltheirpotential.It’sakeypartofthetrainingprocess.It’snotjustsomethingthatyoutakecasually.Sheadvisesherathletestoholdnutritioninthesameregardastheydotheirmostcrucialbitofequipment.“Justasyouwouldn’tforgettoputyourshinpads(护腿板)oryourbootsinyourkitbag,don’tforgettoputinyourdrinksandyoursnacks.Thatinformshowwellyoutrain,becauseyoucan’tgetoutifyouhaven’tputin.”Nutritionistsaresometimesunfairlyrepresentedasmilitant(斗志昂扬的)typestellingwhatathletescanandcan’teat.ButCathyinsiststhatwhentoeatismoreimportantthanwhat.“It’saboutwhen’stherighttimetohaveitin,”shesays.It’samessagethatCathysayscantakeawhiletosinkin.“Alotofboxerssay,‘butbananasmakeyoufat,right?’,andthere’sthisinherentbeliefthatwemustn’teatthosekindsofthings.Butit’snotaboutwhattocutout.It’saboutmakingsurethatyou’vegotthefoundationrightforhealthandperformance.It’sthatonesizefitsone.It’swhatworksforyou.Tobeanexcellentathlete,youreallyneedtobeanexceptionaleater.”1.WhatdoesCathythinkaboutherjob?A.Ithardlyfacesnewchallengesineverycompetition.B.Itmainlyfocusesonthedurationofmatches.C.Itmerelyneedstounderstandnutritionandpeople.D.Ithighlyvaluesexperienceandflexibility.2.HowdoesCathyemphasizetheimportanceofnutritiontoathletes?A.Bymakingacomparison. B.Byanalyzingaphenomenon.C.Bytellingastory. D.Byprovidingdata.3.AccordingtoCathy,whatisafundamentalprinciplebehindsuccessfulsportsnutrition?A.Focusingonthetimingofthediet.B.Cuttingoutspecificfoodsfromthediet.C.Followingastrictandmilitantdietplan.D.Increasingthevarietyoffoods.4.Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellus?A.Foodhasasayinthesportsfield.B.Nutritionistsactasunsungheroesbehindathletes.C.Nutritiondeterminestheresultsinthecompetition.D.Agoodeaterisagreatathlete.Passage3(2024高三下·山东·开学考试)Ifyourbossyells,blamesyou,andthentakesthecreditforyourwork—evenitisarareincident—itcanhaveabadeffectonyourwell-beingandperformanceattheworkplace.“Thankfully,abusiveleadershipisn’ttoocommon,butwhenithappensitleavesemployeesfarlesslikelytotaketheinitiativeandworktoimprovebusinesspractices,”saidHowieXu,anauthorofanewstudycarriedoutbyaninternationalgroupofresearchers.“Wewantedtounderstandthecogmitivefactorsbehindthateffect—andfindouthowcompaniescanprotecttheiremployeesfromthenegativeimpactofbadbosses.”

Xu’steamsurveyedemployeesandsupervisorsfrom42differentSouthKoreancompanies,alongwithhundredsofUSstudents,toexplorethewaysinwhichabusivesupervisionimpacts“takingcharge”behaviorbyemployees.Subjectswerethenrankedaccordingtowhethertheyactivelyseekpositiveopportunitiesforpromotionandadvancementortakeamorepreventativeapproachthatprioritizessafetyandjobsecurity.“Wetheorizedthatboththedrivetoobtainrewards(promotion,bonuses)andthedrivetoavoidpunishments(maintainjobsecurity)wouldshapethewayemployeesrespondtoabusivebosses,”Xuexplained.Butthat’snotwhatXuandhisteamfound.Rather,theyfoundthatemployeeswhoprioritizedcareeradvancementwerestronglyaffectedbyabusiveleadershipwhileemployeeswhoprioritizedjobsecurityremainedjustaslikelytotakechargeafterexperiencingabusiveleadership.Onepossibleexplanation,Xusaid,isthatambitiousemployeesmaythinkanabusivebosshasdirectcontroloverwhethertheywillreceivebonusesoropportunitiesforpromotion.Bycontrast,badbossesmaybeseenashavinglessdirectcontroloverfringdecisions,whichoftenrequireratification(批准)byHRteamsormoreseniormanagers.That’sanimportantfinding,becauseitsuggeststhatorganizationsseekingtolessentheimpactofbadleadershipshouldfocusongivingpowertoemployeesandmakingthemfeelvaluedandappreciated,ratherthansimplyapologizingandmakingthemfeelsurethattheirjobsaresafe.1.WhatdoHowioXu’swordsinparagraph2suggest?A.It’surgentforcompaniestoreplacetheirbadbosses.B.Companiesshouldperfecttheirstaffevaluationsystem.C.Becomingavictimofabusiveleadershipisverynormal.D.Abusiveleadershiplowersemployees’workenthusiasm.2.Whatconclusioncanbedrawnfromparagraph4?A.Thefindinghadasolidtheoryfoundation.B.Thefindingwasbeyondthestudyteam’sexpectations.C.Employeestendtoputpotentialrewardsbeforeeverythingelse.D.Employeesgenerallyholdanunfriendlyattitudetowardabusivebosses.3.Whatshouldorganizationsprimarilydoiftheemployeeswereabused?A.Givethemsuitablerecognition. B.Guaranteethemjobsecurity.C.Seekhelpfromprofessionals. D.Makeasincereapologytothem.4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.It’sPossibletoKeepaBadBossatBayB.It’sImportanttoAvoidBecomingaBadBossC.HavingaBadBossMayMakeYouaWorseEmployeeD.HavingBadHRTeamsKeepsYouAwayfromJobSatisfactionPassage4(2024高三下·河北保定·开学考试)Whenthisyear’sall-womanteamarrivedonAntarctica’sGoudierIslandtoruntheworld’smostremotepostoffice,itwasshovelstheyneededratherthanstamps.They’dtraveledsome8,000milesfromtheUK,byplaneandboat,andBritain’sRoyalNavyhadhelpedthemdigouttheirnewhomeatthePortLockroyscientificbase,whichwasburieduptofourmetersdeepunderseveraltonnesofDecembersnow.Itwasn’tjustthefrozenwastesthatfirststruckpostmasterClareBallantyne,whoat23yearsoldwasthebabyofthefour-womangroup.Itwasthat“there’spenguinseverywhere.”MorethanathousandGentoopenguinsliveonthistinyislandonthewesternsideoftheAntarcticpeninsula(半岛),aroundthesizeofasoccerfield.Since1944,whentheUK’sfirstpermanentAntarcticbasewasestablishedhere,it’salsobecomeashelterforexplorers,scientistsand—inrecentyears—tourists.Eachyear,ateamisselectedtorunandmaintainthesitefromNovembertoMarch,orsummertimeinthesouthernhemisphere.Around4,000peopleappliedforthisjob,butjustfourmadethecut:Ballantyne,baseleaderLucyBruzzone,wildlifemonitorMairiHiltonandshopmanagerNatalieCorbett.Thejobalsoinvolvescountingpenguins:ThescientificdatatheygatherontheGentoos’breedingpatternsispartofadecades-longstudyofthecolony.Whenitcomestochoosingcandidates,“thereisnorecipewecanfollow,”saysBallantyne.“It’saboutyourabilitytoworktogetherasateam.Cheerinessgoesalongway,beingabletoseethelightinlifeandresolveproblemsquickly.”Ballantynenotesthattherehasbeen“abitofadeclineinrecentyearsinthebreedingsuccess”oftheGentoopenguins,butsays“thecausalconnectionisthetrickybit.”Whileclimatechangeisprobably“thebiggestdriver,”theyalsoneedtocarefullyexamineifthere’sa“humanelement”aswell.Inheropinion,Antarcticatourismhasboomedsignificantlyinthepastcoupleofdecades,buttherearen’tlegallyenforcedlimitsontourism,whichhopestobearegulatedindustry.1.Whatisthetaskoftheall-womanteam?A.Makingoutallthelivinghabitsofpenguins. B.Servingaspostmastersandenvironmentalists.C.DesigningstampslinkedtotheAntarcticpeninsula. D.Managingapostofficeincludingcountingpenguins.2.WhatdoweknowaboutGoudierIsland?A.It’ssituatedontheeasternsideoftheAntarcticpeninsula.B.Somescientistsuseitasasoccerfieldintheirsparetime.C.It’sfitformantostudytheAntarcticandlivetemporarily.D.Thenumberofthepenguinsonithasrisensharply.3.Whatkindofwomencanbechosenasateammember?A.Beingoptimistic,competentandcooperative. B.Beingsensitive,courageousanddetermined.C.Beinghardworking,modestandempathetic. D.Beingindependent,elegantandgenerous.4.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Climatechangeleadstothedeclineofpenguins. B.Polartourismdesiresforimprovedmanagement.C.HumansandpenguinsliveinpeaceintheAntarctic. D.Antarcticatourismhasinfluencedclimatechange.Passage5(2024高三上·江苏扬州·期末)WhenJean-PhilippeMichel,acareercoach,workswithsecondaryschoolstudents,hedoesn’tusetheword“profession”.Ratherthanencouraginghisyoungclientstochooseaprofession,say,architectorengineer,heworksbackwardsfromtheskillsthateachstudentwantstoacquire.Decidingtheskillsyouwanttouseleadstoacareerthat’smoretargeted—andthusmorelikelytobringyousatisfaction.“Theyneedtoshiftfromthinkingaboutjobsandcareerstothinkingaboutchallengesandproblems,”Michelsays.“Thepurposeistohelpteenagersplanfora“portfoliocareer”,whichismadeupofnumerousmicro-jobsandwillbebetterreceivedinthenextdecade,”saysMichel.“Insteadofidentifyingyourjobroleordescription,youwillbeconstantlyaddingskillsbasedonwhatisgoingtomakeyoumoreemployable,”saysJeanneMeister.co-authorofTheFutureWorkplaceExperience.Moretraditionalcompaniesareofferingvariousprojectopportunitiestotheirownemployees.Workersareencouragedtochoosetheirnextprojectsbasedontheirskills,orskillstheywanttodevelop,whichcanmeanworkingindifferentpartsofthecompany.Forcompanies,thepayoffforexperimentingwithinternalproject-basedopportunitiesmeansworkersarelesslikelytojumpfromonecompanytothenext.Micro-jobscaninspireasenseofbelongingandautonomywithinacompany,whichinturnmightkeepstafffromjob-hopping(跳槽)tothecompetition“Butwhenitcomestobuildingalong-termcareer,therearedisadvantagestocreatingaportfolioofwork,”sayexperts.Ifyouconstantlyhopfromoneprojecttothenext,thechangecanbejarringandleaveyouwithoutaclearpathtosuccess.“Withfewerpromotionsandchangestojobtitles,itcanbemoredifficulttofeellikeyou’resucceedingevenifyou’reregularlycompletingprojects,”sayscareercoachMichel.Ofcourse,itcantakecompaniesyearstochangefromtraditionalmentalitytowhatboostsprofessionalgrowth.1.WhydoesMichelavoidusingtheword“profession”withhisstudents?A.Tohelpthemrealizewhattheywanttobe.B.Toencouragethemtochooseadreamjob.C.Toenablethemtomastersurvivalskills.D.Toguidethemtofocusmoreonchallenges2.Whatistheadvantageofportfoliocareertoemployees?A.Itwillmakethemmorepopularwithcolleagues.B.Itwillequipthemwithmorecompetitiveskills.C.Itwilldiscouragethemfromswitchingjobs.D,Itwillhelpthemenjoyastableworkingstate.3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“‘jarring”inparagraph6mean?A.Unpleasant. B.Significant. C.Permanent. D.Unavoidable.4.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardsportfoliocareer?A.Supportive. B.Objective. C.Doubtful. D.Intolerant.Passage6(2024高三上·江苏·阶段练习)Catfisheffectistheeffectthatastrongcompetitorhasincausingtheweaktobetterthemselves.Actionsdonetoactivelyapplythiseffectinanorganizationaretermedcatfishmanagement.InNorway,livesardinesareseveraltimesmoreexpensivethanfrozenones,andarevaluedforbettertextureandflavor.Itwassaidthatonlyoneshipcouldbringlivesardineshome,andtheshipmasterkepthismethodasecret.Afterhedied,peoplefoundthattherewasonecatfishinthetank.Thecatfishkeepsswimming,andthesardinestrytoavoidthispredator(捕食者).Thisincreasedlevelofactivitykeepsthesardinesactive,thus,increasingtheirsurvivalrategreatly.Catfisheffecthasbeenoneofthehottesttopicsinhumanresourcesmanagement.Therefore,Iwillkeeptheexplanationshortandsweet.Whenanoutsiderjoinsawell-establishedteamasacompetitor,hecausestheweaktobettertheirperformance.Thismethodismeanttomotivateeachoftheteammatestofeelthecompetitioninordertokeepupthecompetitivenesslevelofthewholeteam.However,addingacatfishintheteamcanalsobringinthedownsideinthegroup’sdynamics.Theteamwouldgobacktothestormingstage.Under-performerswouldbecomemorenegativeaboutthechangethatthecatfishtriedtoimplement(实施)becausetheywouldseeitasathreat.Thefailedattemptofimplementationofchangingwillcreateunder-performanceintheteamasawhole,whichwillleadtoagreatermanagementchallenge.Thekeyemployeeorbackboneemployeewillfeeldemotivatedbecausetheopportunitytogetamoreseniorjobhasdecreased.Iftherearetoomanycatfishinthecompany,thiswouldgenerateastressfulworkenvironment.Theemployeewouldconstantlyworryiftheyarebeing“preyed”bythecatfish.Thementalburdenwouldcreateaharmfulcorporatecultureandincreasethedistrustbetweenemployees.Ahighstandardisrequiredonthecatfish.Thecatfishwouldeventuallyturnintoaleadingroleintheteam.Lackinleadershipskillfromthecatfishwouldleadtoabiggerchaosintheworkplace.Worstsituationwouldbesettingupabadleadershiprolemodeltofurtheranunhealthycompetitiveenvironment.1.Whatisparagraph2ofthetextmainlyabout?A.Themagictrickofcatchingsardines. B.Theunderlyinglogicoftheeffect.C.Theexactoriginofthelegend. D.Thegreatwisdomofacatfish.2.Whatmayacatfishmeantobackbonesofthecompany?A.Unfaircorporateculture. B.Violentworkenvironment.C.Greatmanagementchallenge. D.Reducedpromotionchance.3.Whichmightbethesolutiontothedownsideofacatfish?A.Qualifyingacatfishforaleadingrole. B.Settingupaharmoniousrelationship.C.Creatingalesscompetitiveworkplace. D.Stoppingacatfishenteringacompany.4.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardsaddingacatfishinthecompany?A.Subjective. B.Pessimistic. C.Objective. D.Doubtful.Passage7(2024高三上·浙江·阶段练习)Today,beingfreelancers(自由职业者)isoneofthemostpowerfultrendsinthewaywework.Accordingtoacurrentstudy,thereare70.4millionfreelancersintheUS.By2028,thisnumberwillincreaseto90.1million,or54%oftheworkforce,basicallydividedequallybetweengenders.Itwouldappeartobesolidguidanceintoday’smodernworkforcetotellsomeonewhowantsthe“3Fs”—flexibility,fulfillment,andfinancialindependence--to“justgofreelance”,right?Thelargenumbersanddatasupportthisdirectionandsuggestthatitcouldberegardedassafeandwiseadvice.However,tellingsomeonewhoisunhappyintheircurrentprofessionalsituationto“justgofreelance”,isliketellingthemtoclimbMtQomolangmawithoutoxygen:5%ofclimbershavesucceeded,soitcanbedone,buttherewillbehardshipandamuchhigherchanceoffailure.Justasoneshouldweightherisksofattemptingtoclimbthe8848.86mmountainwithoutessentialsupplies,theideaofbeingfreelancersmustbetrulyunderstood.Thenumberisincreasinglygrowing,however,actuallythreequartersofself-describedfreelancersintheUSarepart-time,meaningthevastmajorityareusingfreelanceworkasasidehustle(副业).What’smore,researchshowsthat70%offull-timefreelancersparticipatedinupskillingtraining.Besides,morethanhalf(58%)offreelancershaveexperiencednon-paymentfromclients,andmostdonothaveretirementplansoraffordablehealthinsurance.Manyfreelancersfailafterthefirstyearasaresultofmakingavoidablemistakeswithonlyathirdmakingit.Wecan’tsimplytellpeopleto“justgofreelance”unlesswealsotellthemtoinvestintrainingandcooperatewithlike-minded,supportivecommunitiestostrengthenindustryrightsbeforetheystarttheirjourneytothesummitasanindividual,butneveralone.1.WhichofthefollowingisNOTabenefitasafreelancer?A.Flexibleschedule.B.Saferenvironment.C.Lessfinancialreliance.D.Asenseofachievement.2.Whydoestheauthormention“MtQomolangma”inparagraph3?A.Toindicateabrightfutureoffreelancers.B.Toshowthedeterminationoffreelancers.C.Tohighlightthechallengeofreachingthetop.D.Toemphasizetheimportanceofweighingrisks.3.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardsthegrowingnumberoffreelancers?A.Concerned. B.Supportive. C.Understandable. D.Ambiguous.4.What’sthemainideaofthetext?A.Mostofthefreelancersmeetwithfailure.B.ManyAmericanschoosetobefreelancers.C.Beingafreelancerisnotaseasyasimagined.D.Goingfreelancebringsusapromisingfuture.Passage8(2024高三上·浙江·期中)Businessesarenowincost-cuttingmode.Titleinflation(头衔通胀)hascreptintotheworkplace.Layoffs,hiringfreezesandconcernsaboutarecession(经济衰退)areplaguingemployers.Tobalancethisuniqueeconomicenvironment,employershavefiguredoutawaytocomfortemployeesandjobapplicantswithoutspendingmoremoney.Theyareofferingimpressivetitlestosoftentheblowofnotprovidingaraisetointernalemployeesorbigcompensationtojobcandidates.Anemployee’stitleistheiridentity.Itgivesthemcredibilityintheofficeandmakesthemfeelmorepowerful.Inthissense,thepolicyisasensiblewaytohelpkeepstaffandattracttopcandidates.Butifyoudon’treallydeservethenewtitle,itcouldcomebackandtroubleyou.Recruiterswillbepleasedtofindacandidatewhoisaperfectfitforasignificant,well-payingpositionintermsofskills,background,andpreviousexperience.However,astumblingblockariseswhentheynoticethecandidatehasahighertitlethantheclientoffers.Sincearecruiterwantstomakeaplacementandearnafee,theywon’twastetimeandwillseekoutothercandidateswhoareabetterfit.Eveniftherecruitersdecidetocontactthecandidate,there’sagoodchancethecandidatewon’taccept.Becausemostpeoplearen’tawarethattheirtitlewasinflatedandbelieveitwasarewardfortheiroutstandingperformance.Understandably,theywouldbeoffendediftheyreceivedalower-levelpost.Nowthatyouareatacertainlevel,youdon’twanttogobackward.What’smore,ifyourcurrenttitleistoohigh,itraisesredflags.Forexample,whensearchingforanewjob,ifyourtitleis“director,”butthenewroleisunderthatlevel,theinterviewerwillcuriouslyinquire,“whydoyouwanttogodownintitle?”Therewillbeanassumptionfromthehiringmanagerthatsomethingisn’tright.Theymayfeelthatthejobseekerisleavingbeforebeingfiredandwillingtodowngrade.Ratherthantryingtofigureoutthemotivationsofthecandidate,they’llmoveontootherswhohaveacleanerstorywithoutanybaggage.1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“plaguing”

inparagraph1probablymean?A.Shocking. B.Embarrassing. C.Troubling. D.Confusing.2.Whatcanwelearnaboutemployeeswithimpressivetitles?A.Theytendtolookdownuponothers.B.Theirsalariesdon’tmatchtheirtitles.C.Theirfearofbeingfiredwilldisappear.D.Theygetagoodplatformfordevelopment.3.Whatwillarecruiterprobablydoifacandidate’stitleishigherthantheclientoffers?A.Haveadiscussionwiththeclient.B.Contactthejobapplicantimmediately.C.Excludethecandidatefromconsideration.D.Gathermoreinformationaboutthecandidate.4.Whatishiringmanagers’attitudetowardsthosewhochoosetodowngrade?A.Enthusiastic. B.Dismissive. C.Appreciative. D.Doubtful.02人与自我-饮食健康Passage1(2024·河北衡水·模拟预测)ResearchersinGermanyhavefoundleftoversof5,000-year-oldburntporridgeinsideaceramic(陶瓷的)pot.ThepotwasunearthedataNeolithicsettlementknownasOldenburgLA77.HistorianssaythesitewasoncehometooneoftheoldestvillagesintheGermanregionofSchleswig-Holstein.“Assoonaswelookedinsidetheperson’scookingpot,itwasobviousthatsomethingwentwrong.”saysLucyKubiak-Martens,anarchaeobotanistwiththeDutchresearchfirmBIAXConsult.Theproblem?Whoeverattemptedtomaketheirmealthatdaymusthavecookeditforabittoolong,burningthegrainsinside.TheresearchwasateamworkbetweenKielUniversityandKenazConsultandLaboratory,bothinGermany,andBIAXConsult.Theteamusedelectronmicroscopy(显微术)tolearnaboutthechemicalcompositionofthefoodleftovers.Althoughburningthefoodmayhaveruinedsomeone’smealthousandsofyearsago,italsohelpedpreservetheleftovers,allowingtoday’sresearcherstogetabetterlook.“Whiletheanimalfatsareabsorbedintotheceramicandleaveasignalthere,theplantfoodcomponentscanonlybedetectedintheburntfoodcrust,”saysKubiak-MartensinastatementfromKielUniversity.Theresearchersfoundthattheleftoverscontainbarley(大麦)andemmergrains,aswellasseedsfromawhitegoosefootplant.TheyalsolearnedthatthebarleywasharvestedandpreparedinastylesimilartothatofcontemporaryGermanfarmers.Thewheatappearstohavebeenprocessedinasprouted(发芽)state.,whichhas“severaladvantagesoverunsupportedgrain”,accordingtothestudy.Sproutedgainsalsohavenutritionalbenefits,suchashigherlevelsofimportantvitaminslikeironandvitaminC,andtheyareeasiertodigest.“FoodintheNeolithicAgewasthereforebynomeanstasteless,butrathervaried,”accordingtothestatement.“Peoplehadahighlydifferentiatedsenseoftasteandattachedgreatimportancetogoodflavour.”Previously,researchersthoughtthepothelddairyproducts.Thenewanalysisrevealedthattheleftoverswereactuallya“sophisticatedpreparationofplant-basedfoodstuffs”.Theteamhopestheirfindingswillhelpprovideamorecomprehensiveunderstandingofdietaryhabitsintheregion.1.Whydidthefoodleftoversgetpreserved?A.Theywereburntbyaccident. B.Theywereinsideaceramicpot.C.Theywerestoredinaspecialway. D.Theycontainedsomespecialchemicals.2.WhatcanweinferabouttheNeolithicpeople?A.Theylikedtoeatburntfood. B.Theyhadapoorsenseoftaste.C.Theypaidlittleattentiontonutrition. D.Theyknewhowtomakedifferentfoods.3.Whatdidresearchersthinkpotscontainedinitially?A.Burntporridge. B.Dairyproducts. C.Animalfats. D.Plantseeds.4.What’sthebesttitleforthetext?A.AnAnalysisofFoodLeftovers B.ATeamworkonFoodResearchC.TheDietaryHabitsofAncestors D.BurntPorridgeInsideanAncientPotPassage2(2024·安徽·二模)There’salargenumberofquestionsandconcernsabouttheappearanceofeggs.Anyslightcloud,strangewhitewrinkles,differentcoloredshell,orredspots,andwetakepause.Infact,they’real