高中英语人教版一轮课件必修第二册UNIT4HISTORYANDTRADITIONS（完整版）

Unit4

HistoryandTraditions主题语境：人与社会(历史、社会与文化)【话题词汇】1.ancestorn．祖先2.nationn.国家；民族3.originn.起源；起因4.defendv.保护；保卫5.remoteadj.偏僻的；偏远的

6.previousadj.早先的7.ancientadj.古代的8.dynastyn.朝代9.symboln.象征10.historyn.历史11.geographyn.地理12.capitaln.首都；省会13.urbanadj.城市的

14.positionn.位置15.surroundv.包围16.locatev.找出……位置；安置在……【话题短语】1.diverseculture多元文化2.culturalconflict文化冲突3.enrichone'slife丰富某人的生活4.crossculturalcommunication跨文化交际5.traditionalart传统艺术6.widenone'shorizons开阔……眼界7.originatefrom起源于……8.passdownfromgenerationtogeneration一代一代传下来9.upsanddowns兴衰，沉浮10.trackbackto追溯到【话题佳句】1.AimedtopromotethetraditionalChineseculture,thestudentsunionisscheduledtoholdapoetryrecitationcontest.为了弘扬中国传统文化，学生将会举办一场诗歌朗诵比赛。2.TheactivityfocusonChinesefolkmusic,aimedatpromotingdeeperappreciationoftraditionalChinesemusic.活动以中国民族音乐为主旨，意在促进对中国传统音乐的深入了解。3.Asweallknow,China'slonghistorygoeshandinhandwithitsrichliterarytradition.众所周知，中国的悠久历史与丰富的文学传统携手并进。基础回顾课堂讲解随堂练习话题与高考写作基础回顾Ⅰ.重点单词1．________________n.个人adj.单独的；个别的2．________________n.首领；酋长adj.最重要的3．________________n.诗人4．________________n.祖宗；祖先5．________________n.战斗；战役v.搏斗；奋斗6．________________n.金额；数量7．________________n.位置；职位；姿态8．________________n.风景individualchiefpoetancestorbattleamountpositionlandscape9．________________n.大海；海洋10．________________n.风俗；习惯11．________________vi.&vt.(使)翻滚；(使)滚动n.卷(轴)12．________________vt.保证；确保；担保13．________________adj.(增长、下跌等)急剧的；锋利的；明显的14．________________adj.灵活的；可变通的15．________________adv.因此；所以16．________________adj.军事的；军用的oceancustomrollensuresharpflexiblethereforemilitaryⅡ.拓展单词1．__________n．防御；保卫；→__________v．保护；保卫→__________adj.防御性的2．________vt.围绕；包围→_________adj.周围的；附近的→__________n．(pl.)周围的事物；环境3．________n．证据；证明→________adj.明显的4．_________n．成就；成绩；达到→________vt.取得；完成；达到5．________n．地方；地点；位置→________v．找出……的位置，把……设置在→________adj.位于；坐落在defencedefenddefensivesurroundsurroundingsurroundingsevidenceevidentachievementachievelocationlocatelocated6．________adj.法律的；合法的→________adj.非法的7．________vt.宣布；述说→___________n．宣告；通告；公告→________n．广播员8．________adj.慷慨的；宽宏大量→________n．慷慨，大方→________adv.慷慨地；大方地9．________adj.热切的；渴望的→________adv.渴望地；热切地→________n．渴望；热心；热切10．________v．(和某人)结婚；嫁；娶→________adj.已婚的→________n．结婚；婚姻legalillegalannounceannouncementannouncergenerousgenerositygenerouslyeagereagerlyeagernessmarrymarriedmarriage联想拓展“极好的”系列①matchless②wonderful③excellent④superb⑤great⑥classic后缀ous的形容词荟萃①dangerous危险的②mountainous多山的③courageous勇敢的④poisonous有毒的⑤luxurious奢华的⑥humorous幽默的Ⅲ.核心短语1．__________________脱离；背叛；逃脱2．__________________属于3．__________________同(一样也)；和；还4．__________________把……和……连接起来5．__________________留心，注意，警觉6．__________________导致7．__________________追溯到8．__________________认为……是……9．__________________接管，掌管

10．___________________组成，编造，弥补breakaway(fromsb./sth.)belongtoaswellasjoin...to...keepone'seyesopenresultindatebacktoreferto...as...takeovermakeup联想拓展名词­­­­­-ence变为­­-ent形容词absence→absentsilence→silentdifference→differentpatience→patientconvenience→convenientindependence→independentto的常用搭配①stickto坚持②objectto对……反对③leaderto领导者④beaddictedto沉迷于⑤getdownto开始干；着手做⑥lookforwardto盼望；期待Ⅳ.重点句型1．if条件状语从句的省略形式Sowhatisthedifferencebetweenthem,_______(如果有的话)?2．theway后接定语从句TheyintroducedthebeginningsoftheEnglishlanguage，andchanged______________________.(人们建造房屋的方式)。3．everywhere引导地点状语从句Almost_______________________(无论你走到英国的哪个地方),youwillbesurroundedbyevidenceoffourdifferentgroupsofpeoplewhotookoveratdifferenttimesthroughouthistory.ifanythewaypeoplebuilthouseseverywhereyougointheUK课堂讲解高频考点探究Ⅰ.核心词汇1．surroundvt.围绕；包围【教材原句】AlmosteverywhereyougointheUK，youwillbesurroundedbyevidenceoffourdifferentgroupsofpeoplewhotookoveratdifferenttimesthroughouthistory.几乎无论你走到英国的哪个地方，周围总有迹象表明，在历史上，有四群人在不同的时期统治着英国。(1)besurroundedby...被……包围、环绕(2)surroundoneselfwithsb./sth.和某人/某物在一起(3)surroundingadj.周围的；附近的(4)surroundingsn.环境【练透考点】语段填空①Hemovedtoanewhouse_________bymountains.Hishousewasverybeautiful.Hewasverysatisfiedwiththe___________sceneryandwouldsoonadaptedhimselftothenew__________(surround)．②句式升级Hefoundthathisdaughterwassurroundedbylettersandbooksandshelookedveryworried.(分词做宾补)→Hefoundhisdaughter________________lettersandpapers,________(look)veryworried.surroundedsurroundingsurroundingssurroundedbylooking【佳句背诵】Surroundyourselfwithupliftedindividualswhochallengeyoutobebetterwhilelovingyouforwhoyouare.让自己周围充满振奋的人，他们向你挑战，让你变得更好，同时因为你本身而喜欢你。2．evidencen．证据；证明【典型例句】Itisevidentthateducationoftheyoungisvitaltothefutureofacountry.很明显，年轻人的教育对一个国家的未来是至关重要的。(1)Thereissome/noevidencethat...(没)有证据证明……inevidence显眼；显而易见(2)evidentadj.明显的；明白的It'sevidentthat...很明显……(3)evidentlyadv.显然；明显地；清楚地

【练透考点】单句语法填空①Hisfootprintswereclearly________intheheavydust，whichistheevidencethathehadcomeherebefore(evidence)．②Shewalkedslowlydowntheroad,________inpain(evident)．③Hewassoondeepinmeditation,and________wasevidentthatthelongerhethought,themorehewasbothered.④Povertyandbadhousingconditionsaremuch________evidenceintheremotecountryside.【佳句背诵】Itisevidentthatthisexperiencewillbecomeapleasantmemory.显然，这次经历将成为一个愉快的回忆。evidentevidentlyitin3．chargen．收费；指控；主管；vt.收费；控告；充电【教材原句】JudyandIhadourcarparkedinanundergroundcarparknearTrafalgarSquare，wherewecouldgetourcarbatterycharged.朱迪和我把我们的汽车停在特拉法尔加广场附近的一个地下停车场，在那里我们可以给汽车电池充电。(1)chargesb.moneyfor(doing)sth.因(做)某事向某人收取费用chargesb.with(doing)sth.控告某人(做)某事(2)takechargeof主管/负责……inchargeof负责/掌管……inthechargeof由……负责【练透考点】一词多义①Afterbeingquestionedbythepolice,shewasreleasedwithoutcharge.________②Deliveryisfreeofcharge.________③Themanwhohadtakenchargeofthecompanywaschargedwithtakingdrugs.________④Theatmospherewaschargedwithexcitement.________

【佳句背诵】Theairwaschargedwithsilenceandfrost.万籁寂静，满天霜气。指控收费主管充满4．approachn．方法；途径；接近；vt.接近；接洽；着手处理；vi.靠近【教材原句】

Itwashardtoapproachthepaintingasthereweresomanypeoplearound.周围有那么多人，所以很难接近那幅画。(1)makeanapproachto对……进行商谈(2)theapproachto(doing)sth.(做)某事的方法/途径(3)theapproachofsth.某事的来临atone'sapproach在某人快到时【练透考点】单句语法填空①Hecameupwithseveralapproaches________solvingtheproblem,butsomewerenotpractical.②Absorbedinpainting,hedidn'tnoticeevening_________(approach).③Unfortunately,justasItookoutmycamera,awoman_________frombehindandplantedherselfrightinfrontofmyview(approach)．【熟词生义】What'sthebestwayofapproachingthisproblem?v．着手处理；对付toapproachingapproached【佳句背诵】[2018·全国卷Ⅱ]China'sapproachtoprotectingitsenvironmentwhilefeedingitscitizensoffersusefullessonsforagricultureandfoodpolicymakersworldwide.中国既能保护环境、又能养活自己的国民的方法为全世界的农业和粮食决策者提供了有益的经验。

5．crowdn．人群；一群人；民众；vt.挤满；使……拥挤【教材原句】

Davecouldnotfindaseatintheroom.Itwasverycrowded.戴夫在房间里找不到座位。那里非常拥挤。(1)crowdin(想法、问题等)涌上心头；

涌入脑海(2)crowdintoone'smind/head＝

crowdinonsb.

涌上心头；涌入脑海acrowdof一群……crowdinto...涌入/挤进……crowdedadj.拥挤的；挤满的；塞满的(3)becrowdedwith挤满了【练透考点】单句语法填空①[2019·浙江卷]AggressivewildfirecontrolhasleftCaliforniaforestcrowded________smalltreesthatcompetewithbigtreesforresources.②Iranforjustundersevenkilometersandallowedpeopletoavoidterrible________ontheroadsaboveastheytraveledtoandfromwork(crowd)．③Naturally,accidentswillhappenonsucha________road,andusuallyvictimsaresomefiles,goneforever(crowd)．【佳句背诵】Everythinginmychildhoodcrowdeduponmymindasiftheyhadjusthappened.童年的一切一下子涌入我的脑海，好像刚刚发生似的。withcrowdscrowdedⅡ.核心短语6．breakaway(fromsb./sth.)脱离；背叛；逃脱【教材原句】Finally，inthe20thcentury，thesouthernpartofIrelandbrokeawayfromtheUK,whichresultedinthefullnamewehavetoday:theUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.最终，在20世纪，爱尔兰南部脱离了英国，这导致了我们今天拥有的(英国的)全名呈现为：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。【拓展延伸】breakdown损坏；分解；(汽车)抛锚breakin非法闯入；插嘴，打断breakinto破门而入，非法闯入；

突然……起来breakoff打断；折断；中断(说话)breakout(战争、火灾、疾病等)

突然发生，爆发breakthrough冲突；突破breakup分解；终结【练透考点】单句语法填空①Thetigerbrokeaway________thecageandfledintotheforest.②Thecomputersystemsuddenlybroke________whilehewassearchingforinformationontheInternet.③Theauthoritiesurgedpeopletostockuponnecessitiesincasethewarbroke________.④“Thereisnofuturebetweenus，soIwanttobreak________，”saidthegirltoherboyfriend.⑤Wehadtobreak________thehouseaswehadlostthekey.【佳句背诵】Toimproveyourstudy，youshouldfirstbreakawayfromyourbadstudyhabits.为了改善你的学习，你首先应该改掉你学习上的坏习惯。fromdownoutup

into7．belongto属于【教材原句】ThefourcountriesthatbelongtotheUnitedKingdomworktogetherinsomeareas.所属英国的四个国家在一些领域进行了合作。(1)belongingsn.财产；所有物；亲戚(2)belongto中的to是介词，该短语既不能用于被动语态，也不能用于进行时态；作后置定语时，形式为“...belongingto”。【练透考点】单句语法填空/完成句子①Beforegettingoff，pleasecheckwhetheryour________areleftonthedriftingboat.②Asisknowntous，Americaisacountry________tothedevelopedcountry.③孩子小的时候教他们把东西放在应该放的地方是个好习惯。It'sagoodhabittoteachchildrentoleavethings________________whentheyareyoung.④我们高度评价这个观点，就是文化遗产属于全人类而不是个人。Wethinkhighlyoftheviewthatculturalrelics___________________ratherthanindividuals.belongingsbelongingwheretheybelongbelongtohumanbeings【写作金句】Ibelievesuccessbelongstothosewhomakeconstantefforts.我相信成功属于那些不断努力的人。8．keepone'seyesopen(for)留心；留意【教材原句】Ifyoukeepyoureyesopen，youwillbesurprisedtofindthatyoucanseebothitspastanditspresent.如果你留心的话，你会惊奇地发现你能看到它的过去和现在。【拓展延伸】keepaneyeon照看，照管；留心注意looksb.intheeye(s)直视别人haveaneyefor对……有判断力/鉴赏力catchsb.'seye吸引某人的注意【练透考点】完成句子①我正在做作业，这时一只小鸟吸引了我的注意力。Iwasdoingmyhomeworkwhenabird_____________.②我离开的时候你能不能帮我看一下行李？Couldyou________________myluggagewhileI'maway?③请留意寻找机会，因为机会不等人。Please_________________foropportunitiesfortheywaitfornoone.④大家都相信只要有一双欣赏美的眼睛，美在校园里无处不在。Itisbelievedincommonthatbeautyexistseverywhereonthecampusaslongasyou____________it.⑤你能问心无愧地看着我说你没撒谎吗？Canyou_______________andtellmeyou'renotlying?caughtmyeyekeepaneyeonkeepyoureyesopenhaveaneyeforlookmeintheeyeⅢ.典型句式精析9．Almosteverywhere_you_go_in_the_UK，youwillbesurroundedbyevidenceoffourdifferentgroupsofpeoplewhotookoveratdifferenttimesthroughouthistory.几乎无论你走到英国的哪个地方，周围总有迹象表明，在历史上，有四群人在不同的时期统治着英国。【典型例句】Aftertheearthquake,everywheretheylooked，nearlyeverythingwasdestroyed地震之后，无论他们往哪里看，几乎一切都被摧毁。【句式分析】句中everywhereyougointheUK为everywhere引导的地点状语从句，相当于whereveryougointheUK。引导地点状语从句的连词有：where(在……地方)，wherever(无论哪里，在任何地方)，everywhere(每一……地方，到处)，anywhere(任何地方)。everywhere也可以做副词，做地点状语。【练透考点】完成句子①无论他走到哪里，他都受到热烈欢迎。________________________，

hereceivedawarmwelcome.②他喜欢这个城市的原因是到处都有公园。Thereasonwhyhelikesthecityisthat________________________.③有志者，事竟成。________________________，thereisaway.④她所到之处都有成群的人等着见她。________________________，

therearecrowdsofpeoplewaitingtoseeher.⑤你可以去任何你想去的地方。Youcango________________________.WhereverhewentthereareparkseverywhereWherethereisawillWherevershegoesanywhereyoulike10．TheyintroducedthebeginningsoftheEnglishlanguage，andchangedthe_way_people_built_houses.他们引进了英语的起源，并改变了人们建造房屋的方式。【典型例句】Thewaythat/whichwasofferedbyhimtodotheexperimentwasdifferentfromthewaythatyoucarrieditout.他提供的做这个实验的方式不同于你做它的方式。【句式分析】句中的theway后为省略了关系词that/inwhich的定语从句。(1)theway后面的定语从句，关系词若在从句中作状语，相当于“用这种方式/方法(＝inthisway)”时，通常不用关系词，偶尔用

that，在较正式的文体里才用inwhich来引导。(2)theway后不能用

how引导定语从句，但也可以不用theway，而直接用

how引导的名词性从句来表达这类意思。【练透考点】完成句子①________________________topreventthewaterpollutionwasverypopularinthatarea.他想到的阻止水污染的方法在那个地区广受欢迎。②Onlybychanging________________________roughlycanwegetalongwellwithit.只有通过改变我们对待环境的粗暴方式我们才能与它和谐共生。【知识拓展】Theway后不能用how引导定语从句，但可以用how引导的名词性从句来表达。That'sthewayhedidit.＝That'showhedidit.Thewaythat/whichhethoughtofthewaywetreattheenvironment【佳句背诵】Weallappreciatethewaythattheancienttownprotectsittraditionalculturesandcustomsfrombeingabandoned.我们都非常欣赏这个古代城镇保护自己传统文化和习俗免于被遗弃的方式。随堂练习Ⅰ.高考能力同步化——单句语法填空1．[2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷]Aswellas________(look)atexhibits,visitorscanplaywithcomputersimulations(模拟)andimaginethemselveslivingatadifferenttimeinhistoryorwalkingthrougharainforest.2．[2019·浙江6月卷]Thestudentsfeelthattheybelong________aparticulargroup.3．[2020·全国卷Ⅲ]Andwhenhesawthemistsrisingfromtheriverandthesoftclouds__________(surround)themountaintops,hewasreducedtotears.4．[2020·全国卷Ⅰ]Begintotrainyourbraintolookatstrengthbeforeweakness.Listallofyouraccomplishmentsand__________(achieve)．lookingtosurroundingachievements5．[2020·天津卷]“Smalldoesnotmeanweak,sir，”she________herself(defence)．6．________isevidentthateducationoftheyoungisvitaltothefutureofacountry.7．Facinguptoyourproblemsisthebestapproachto________(work)thingsout.8．Hisspeech_________(greet)withastormofapplause.9．Itwasgenerous________himtocontributealotofmoneytotheruralschools.10．It'smygreathonor_________thatIamrunningforchairmanoftheStudents'Union(announcement)．defendedItworkingwasgreetedoftoannounceⅡ.必备知识试题化——选词填空leavebehind，resultin，breakawayfrom，belongto，

takeover1．Nowadaysmanyfarmerswantto______________thelandandmakealivingincities.2．Whenyougocamping，pleasedonot________________anytrash.3．Asoneofthemostdeadlynaturaldisastersintheworld，earthquakesoften________manypeoplebeinginjuredorkilled.4．Whenshefellillherdaughter________thebusinessfromher.5．Wisdom________me,emptinessdoesnotbelongtome,tograspeverymoment,andIamnexttoabeautifulagreement.

breakawayfromleavebehindresultintookoverbelongstoⅢ.教材语篇高考化——语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。TheUnitedKingdom,GreatBritain,Britain,Englandrefertothesamecountry.Manypeopleareconfusedbythem,but1.________(get)toknowalittlebitaboutitshistorywillhelpsolvethepuzzle.In2.________16thcentury,WaleswasjoinedtotheKingdomofEngland.Then,Scotland,andthentheKingdomofIrelandjoinedtocreatetheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandIreland.However,inthe20thcentury,thesouthernpartofIrelandbrokeaway3.________theUK,resultinginthefullnamewehavetoday.gettingthefromThefourcountriesusethesameflagandsharethesamecurrencyandmilitary4.________(defend)buttheyalsohavedifferenteducationandlegalsystems.TheUKhasalongandinterestinghistorytoexplore,5.________canhelpyouunderstandmuchmoreaboutthecountryand6.________traditions.TheRomans,theAnglo­Saxons,theVikingsandtheNormansallconqueredtheUK,whichmade7.________(change)toit.ThecapitalcityLondonisagreatplace8.________(start)，asitshistorycandatebacktoRomantimes.TheUKisa9.________(fascinate)mixofhistoryandmodernculture.Ifyoukeepyoureyesopen,you10._____________(surprise)tofindthatyoucanseebothitspastanditspresent.

defencewhichitschangestostartfascinatingwillbesurprised话题与高考写作[2019·全国卷Ⅰ]假定你是李华，暑期在伦敦学习，得知当地美术馆要举办中国画展览。请写一封信申请做志愿者，内容包括：1．写信目的；2．个人优势；3．能做的事情。注意：1．词数80左右；2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3．结束语已为你写好。

DearSir，__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Lookforwardtoyourearlyreply.Yours，LiHuaStep1斟酌打磨丰富句式1．精挑细选——核心词汇想周全①__________________adj.外向②__________________n.熟悉③__________________adj.有益④__________________精通⑤__________________考虑outgoingfamiliaritybeneficialhaveagoodcommandofoconsideration2．遣词造句——句式升级是亮点①我精通英语和汉语，这有利于介绍中国画。IhaveagoodcommandofEnglishandChinese.ItisbeneficialforintroducingChinesepaintings.(非限制性定语从句)→_________________________________