考研-99-96年考研英语真题及答案

1999年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题

SectionIStructureandVocabulary

PartA

Directions:

Beneatheachofthefollowingsentences,therearefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and

[D].Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentence.MarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET

1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.(5points)

1.Anyonewithhalfaneyeontheunemploymentfiguresknewthattheassertionabout

economicrecoveryjustaroundthecornerwasuntrue.

[A]wouldbe

[B]tobe

[C]was

[D]being

2.Smokingissoharmfultopersonalhealththatitkillspeopleeachyearthan

automobileaccidents.

[A]sevenmoretimes

[B]seventimesmore

[C]overseventimes

[D]seventimes

3.It'seasytoblamethedeclineofconversationonthepaceofmodernlifeandon

thevaguechangesplaceinourever-changingworld.

[A]taking

[B]totake

[C]take

[D]taken

4.Thisisanexcitingareaofstudy,andonewhichnewapplicationsarebeing

discoveredalmostdaily.

[A]from

[B]by

[C]in

[D]through

5.canbeseenfromthecomparisonofthesefigures,theprincipleinvolves

215年考研英语真题及答案

theactiveparticipationofthepatientinthemodificationofhiscondition.

[A]As

[B]What

[C]That

[D]It

6.AlthoughIhadbeeninvitedtotheopeningceremony,Iwasunabletoattend

suchshortnotice.

[A]to

[B]in

[C]with

[D]on

7.Californiahasmorelightthanitknowstodowithbuteverythingelseis

expensive.

[A]how

[B]what

[C]which

[D]where

8.Thesolutionworksonlyforcoupleswhoareself-employed,don'thavesmallchildren

andgetalongtospendmostoftheirtimetogether.

[A]sowell

[B]toowell

[C]wellas

[D]wellenough

9.Marlinisayoungmanofindependentthinkingwhoisnotaboutcompliments

tohispoliticalleaders.

[A]paying

[B]havingpaid

[C]topay

[D]tohavepaid

10.Theseproposalssoughttoplacegreaterrestrictionsontheuseandcopyingofdigital

informationthanintraditionalmedia.

[A]exist

[B]exists

[C]existing

[D]toexist

PartB

Directions:

Eachofthefollowingsentenceshasfourunderlinedpartsmarked[A],[B],[C],and[D].

IdentifythepartofthesentencethatisincorrectandmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET

1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.(5points)

11.Yourmathinstructorwouldhavebeenhappytogiveyouamakeupexamination

A

hadyougoneandexplainedthatyourparentshadbeenillatthetime.

BCD-

12.Asthechildrenbecomefinanciallyindependentofthefamily,theemphasison

ATT

familyfinancialsecuritywillshiftfromprotectiontosavefortheretirement

D

years.

13.WeretheTimesCo.topurchaseanothermajormediacompany,thereisnodoubtthat

-A-

itcoulddramaticallytransformafamily-couenterprisethatstillgets90%ofits

BC万

revenuesfromnewspapers.

14.Symposiumtalkswillcoverawiderangeofsubjects[romover-fishingtophysical

A~~B~

andenvironmenlfactorsthataffectthepopulnlionsofdifferentspecies.

-CD

15.Conversationcallsforawillingnesstoalternatetheroleofspeakerwithoneof

A

listener,anditcallsforoccasional'digestivepauses'byboth.

-C万

16.Iftwotheoriesareequaltotheirabilitytoaccountforabodyofdata,thetheory

T

thatdoessowiththesmallernumberofassumptionsistobepreferred.

C-D

17.TheCommitteeadoptedaresolutionrequiringthesevenautomakerssellingthemost

AB

carsinthestatecaking2percentofthosevehiclesemissions-freeby1998.

CD

18.Aslongospoorpeople,whoingeneralarecolored,areincosfliclwilhricher

AB

415年考研英语真题及答案

people,whoingeneralarelighterskin,there?sgoingtobeaconstantracial

C~~D~

conflictintheworld.

19.Allthoseleftundonemaysoundgreatlyintheory,buteventhetruestbelieverhas

""AB

greatdifficultywhenitcomestospecifics.

20.Evenifautomakersmodifycommerciallyproducedcarstorunonalternativefuels,

"7—yc

thecarswon'tcatchoninabigwaywhendriverscanfillthemupatthegasstation.

-D~"

PartC

Directions:

Beneatheachofthefollowingsentences,therearefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and

[D].Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentence.MarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET

1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.(10points)

21.Animportantpropertyofascientifictheoryisitsabilitytofurther

researchandfurtherthinkingaboutaparticulartopic.

[A]stimulate

[B]renovate

EC]arouse

[D]advocate

22.Althougharchitecturehasartisticqualities,itmustalsosatisfyanumberof

importantpractical.

[A]obligations

[B]regulations

[C]observations

[D]considerations

23.Lifeinsuranceisfinancialprotectionfordependentsagainstlossthe

bread-winnerJsdeath.

[A]atthecostof

[B]onthevergeof

[C]asaresultof

[D]forthesakeof

24.Ineducationthereshouldbeagoodamongthebranchesofknowledgethat

contributetoeffectivethinkingandwisejudgment.

[A]distribution

[B]balance

[C]combination

[D]assignment

25.TheAmericandreamismostduringtheperiodsofproductivityandwealth

generatedbyAmericancapitalism.

[A]plausible

[B]patriotic

[C]primitive

[D]partial

26.Povertyisnotinmostcitiesalthough,perhapsbecauseofthecrowded

conditionsincertainareas,itismorevisiblethere.

[A]rare

[B]temporary

[C]prevalent

[D]segmental

27.Peoplewholiveinsmalltownsoftenseemmorefriendlythanthoselivingin

populatedareas.

[A]densely

[B]intensely

[C]abundantly

[D]highly

28.Asawayofthemailswhiletheywereaway,theJohnsonsaskedthecleaning

ladytosendlittleprintedslipsaskingthesenderstowriteagainlater.

[A]pickingup

[B]copingwith

[C]passingout

[D]gettingacross

29.Tom,smothertriedhardtopersuadehimtofromhisintentiontoinvest

hissavingsinstockmarket.

[A]pullout

[B]giveup

[C]drawin

[D]backdown

615年考研英语真题及答案

30.Anincreasingproportionofourpopulation,unabletolivewithoutadvancedmedical

____,willbecomeprogressivelymorereliantonexpensivetechnology.

[A]interference

[B]interruption

[C]intervention

[D]interaction

31.Thesecausesproducedthegreatchangeinthecountrythatmodernizedthe

ofhighereducationfromthemid-I860'stothemid-1880's.

[A]branch

[B]category

[C]domain

[D]scope

32.Nobodyyetknowshowlongandhowseriouslytheinthefinancialsystemwill

dragdowntheeconomy.

[A]shallowness

[B]shakiness

[C]scantiness

[D]stiffness

33.Crisiswouldbetherighttermtodescribetheinmanyanimalspecies.

[A]minimization

[B]restriction

[C]descent

[D]decline

34.Thecityisanimportantrailroadandindustrialandconventioncenter.

[A]conjunction

[B]network

[C]junction

[D]link

35.Prof.White,myrespectedtutor,frequentlyremindsmetomyselfofevery

chancetoimprovemyEnglish.

[A]assure

[B]inform

[C]avail

[D]notify

36.Researchersdiscoveredthatplantsinfectedwithavirusgiveoffagasthat

diseaseresistanceinneighboringplants.

[A]contracts

[B]activates

[C]maintains

[D]prescribes

37.Corporationsandlaborunionshavegreatbenefitsupontheiremployeesand

membersaswellasuponthegeneralpublic.

[A]conferred

[B]granted

[C]flung

[D]submitted

38.Themovementofthemoonconvenientlyprovidedtheunitofmonth,whichwas

fromonenewmoontothenext.

[A]measured

[B]reckoned

[C]judged

[D]assessed

39.Thejudgeruledthattheevidencewasinadmissibleonthegroundsthatitwas

totheissueathand.

[A]irrational

[B]unreasonable

[C]invalid

[D]irrelevant

40.Fuelscarcitiesandpriceincreasesautomobiledesignerstoscaledownthe

largestmodelsandtodevelopcompletelynewlinesofsmallcarsandtrucks.

[A]persuaded

[B]prompted

[C]imposed

[D]enlightened

SectionIIClozeTest

Directions:

Foreachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassage,therearefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],

[C]and[D].ChoosethebestoneandmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackening

thecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.(10points)

815年考研英语真题及答案

Industrialsafetydoesnotjusthappen.Companies41lowaccidentratesplan

theirsafetyprograms,workhardtoorganizethem,andcontinueworkingtokeepthem

42andactive.Whentheworkiswelldone,a43ofaccident-freeoperations

isestablished44timelostduetoinjuriesiskeptataminimum.

Successfulsafetyprogramsmay45greatlyintheemphasisplacedoncertain

aspectsoftheprogram.Someplacegreatemphasisonmechanicalguarding.Othersstress

safeworkpracticesby46rulesorregulations.47othersdependonan

emotionalappealtotheworker.But,therearecertainbasicideasthatmustbeusedin

everyprogramifmaximumresultsaretobeobtained.

Therecanbenoquestionaboutthevalueofasafetyprogram.Fromafinancial

standpointalone,safety48.Thefewertheinjury49,thebetterthe

workman'sinsurancerate.Thismaymeanthedifferencebetweenoperatingat50

orataloss.

41.[A]at

[B]in

[C]on

[D]with

42.[A]alive

[B]vivid

[C]mobile

[D]diverse

43.[A]regulation

[B]climate

[C]circumstance

[D]requirement

44.[A]where

[B]how

[C]what

[D]unless

45.[A]alter

[B]differ

[C]shift

[D]distinguish

46.[A]constituting

[B]aggravating

[C]observing

[D]justifying

47.[A]Some

[B]Many

[C]Even

[D]Still

48.[A]comesoff

[B]turnsup

[C]paysoff

[D]holdsup

49.[A]claims

[B]reports

[C]declarations

[D]proclamations

50.[A]anadvantage

[B]abenefit

[C]aninterest

[D]aprofit

SectionIIIReadingComprehension

Directions:

Eachofthepassagesbelowisfollowedbysomequestions.Foreachquestionthereare

fouranswersmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].Readthepassagescarefullyandchoosethe

bestanswertoeachofthequestions.ThenmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackening

thecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.(40points)

Text1

It'saroughworldoutthere.Stepoutsideandyoucouldbreakalegslippingon

yourdoormat.Lightupthestoveandyoucouldburndownthehouse.Luckily,ifthedoormat

orstovefailedtowarnofcomingdisaster,asuccessfullawsuitmightcompensateyou

foryourtroubles.Orsothethinkinghasgonesincetheearly1980s,whenjuriesbegan

holdingmorecompaniesliablefortheircustomers'misfortunes.

1015年考研英语真题及答案

Feelingthreatened,companiesrespondedbywritingever-longerwarninglabels,

tryingtoanticipateeverypossibleaccident.Today,stepladderscarrylabelsseveral

incheslongthatwarn,amongotherthings,thatyoumight-surprise!一falloff.The

labelonachild,sBatmancapecautionsthatthetoy“doesnotenableusertofly.”

Whilewarningsareoftenappropriateandnecessary-thedangersofdruginteractions,

forexample一一andmanyarerequiredbystateorfederalregulations,itisn,tclear

thattheyactuallyprotectthemanufacturersandsellersfromliabilityifacustomer

isinjured.About50percentofthecompanieslosewheninjuredcustomerstakethemto

court.

Nowthetideappearstobeturning.Aspersonalinjuryclaimscontinueasbefore,

somecourtsarebeginningtosidewithdefendants,especiallyincaseswhereawarning

labelprobablywouldn,thavechangedanything.InMay,JulieNimmons,presidentofSchutt

SportsinIllinois,successfullyfoughtalawsuitinvolvingafootballplayerwhowas

paralyzedinagamewhilewearingaSchutthelmet."We'rereallysorryhehasbecome

paralyzed,buthelmetsaren,tdesignedtopreventthosekindsofinjuries,“saysNimmons.

Thejuryagreedthatthenatureofthegame,notthehelmet,wasthereasonforthe

athlete'sinjury.Atthesametime,theAmericanLawInstitute一一agroupofjudges,

lawyers,andacademicswhoserecommendationscarrysubstantialweight一一issuednew

guidelinesfortortlawstatingthatcompaniesneednotwarncustomersofobviousdangers

orbombardthemwithalengthylistofpossibleones.Importantinformationcanget

buriedinaseaoftrivialities,“saysalawprofessoratCornelllawSchoolwhohelped

draftthenewguidelines.Ifthemoderateendofthelegalcommunityhasitsway,the

informationonproductsmightactuallybeprovidedforthebenefitofcustomersandnot

asprotectionagainstlegalliability.

51.Whatwerethingslikein1980swhenaccidentshappened?

[A]Customersmightberelievedoftheirdisastersthroughlawsuits.

[B]Injuredcustomerscouldexpectprotectionfromthelegalsystem.

[C]Companieswouldavoidbeingsuedbyprovidingnewwarnings.

[D]Juriestendedtofindfaultwiththecompensationscompaniespromised.

52.Manufacturersasmentionedinthepassagetendto.

[A]satisfycustomersbywritinglongwarningsonproducts

[B]becomehonestindescribingtheinadequaciesoftheirproducts

[C]makethebestuseoflabelstoavoidlegalliability

[D]feelobligedtoviewcustomersJsafetyastheirfirstconcern

53.ThecaseofSchutthelmetdemonstratedthat.

[A]someinjuryclaimswerenolongersupportedbylaw

[B]helmetswerenotdesignedtopreventinjuries

[C]productlabelswouldeventuallybediscarded

[D]somesportsgamesmightlosepopularitywithathletes

54.Theauthor'sattitudetowardstheissueseemstobe.

[A]biased

[B]indifferent

[C]puzzling

[D]objective

Text2

InthefirstyearorsoofWebbusiness,mostoftheactionhasrevolvedaroundefforts

totaptheconsumermarket.Morerecently,astheWebprovedtobemorethanafashion,

companieshavestartedtobuyandsellproductsandserviceswithoneanother.Such

business-to-businesssalesmakesensebecausebusinesspeopletypicallyknowwhatproduct

they,relookingfor.

Nonetheless,manycompaniesstillhesitatetousetheWebbecauseofdoubtsabout

itsreliability."Businessesneedtofeeltheycantrustthepathwaybetweenthemand

thesupplier,“sayssenioranalystBlaneErwinofForresterResearch.Somecompanies

arelimitingtheriskbyconductingonlinetransactionsonlywithestablishedbusiness

partnerswhoaregivenaccesstothecompany?sprivateintranet.

AnothermajorshiftinthemodelforInternetcommerceconcernsthetechnology

availableformarketing.Untilrecently,Internetmarketingactivitieshavefocusedon

strategiesto“pull”customersintosites.Inthepastyear,however,softwarecompanies

havedevelopedtoolsthatallowcompaniesto“push”informationdirectlyoutto

consumers,transmittingmarketingmessagesdirectlytotargetedcustomers.Mostnotably,

thePointcastNetworkusesascreensavertodeliveracontinuallyupdatedstreamofnews

andadvertisementstosubscribers'computermonitors.Subscriberscancustomizethe

informationtheywanttoreceiveandproceeddirectlytoacompany,sWebsite.Companies

suchasVirtualVineyardsarealreadystartingtousesimilartechnologiestopush

messagestocustomersaboutspecialsales,productofferings,orotherevents.Butpush

technologyhasearnedthecontemptofmanyWebusers.Onlineculturethinkshighlyof

thenotionthattheinformationflowingontothescreencomestherebyspecificrequest.

Oncecommercialpromotionbeginstofillthescreenuninvited,thedistinctionbetween

theWebandtelevisionfades.ThatJsaprospectthathorrifiesNetpurists.

ButitishardlyinevitablethatcompaniesontheWebwillneedtoresorttopush

strategiestomakemoney.TheexamplesofVirtualVineyards,Amazon,com,andother

pioneersshowthataWebsitesellingtherightkindofproductswiththerightmixof

interactivity,hospitality,andsecuritywillattractonlinecustomers.Andthecostof

computingpowercontinuestofreefall,whichisagoodsignforanyenterprisesetting

upshopinsilicon.Peoplelookingback5or10yearsfromnowmaywellwonderwhyso

fewcompaniestooktheonlineplunge.

55.WelearnfromthebeginningofthepassagethatWebbusiness.

[A]hasbeenstrivingtoexpanditsmarket

[B]intendedtofollowafancifulfashion

[C]triedbutinvaintocontrolthemarket

[D]hasbeenboomingforoneyearorso

1215年考研英语真题及答案

56.Speakingoftheonlinetechnologyavailableformarketing,theauthorimpliesthat

[A]thetechnologyispopularwithmanyWebusers

[B]businesseshavefaithinthereliabilityofonlinetransactions

[C]thereisaradicalchangeinstrategy

[D]itisaccessiblelimitedlytoestablishedpartners

57.IntheviewofNetpurists,.

[A]thereshouldbenomarketingmessagesinonlineculture

[B]moneymakingshouldbegivenprioritytoontheWeb

[C]theWebshouldbeabletofunctionasthetelevisionset

[D]thereshouldbenoonlinecommercialinformationwithoutrequests

58.Welearnfromthelastparagraphthat.

[A]pushinginformationontheWebisessentialtoInternetcommerce

[B]interactivity,hospitalityandsecurityareimportanttoonlinecustomers

[C]leadingcompaniesbegantotaketheonlineplungedecadesago

[D]settingupshopsinsiliconisindependentofthecostofcomputingpower

Text3

Aninvisibleborderdividesthosearguingforcomputersintheclassroomonthebehalf

ofstudents'careerprospectsandthosearguingforcomputersintheclassroomfor

broaderreasonsofradicaleducationalreform.Veryfewwritersonthesubjecthave

exploredthisdistinction-indeed,contradiction-whichgoestotheheartofwhat

iswrongwiththecampaigntoputcomputersintheclassroom.

Aneducationthataimsatgettingastudentacertainkindofjobisatechnical

education,justifiedforreasonsradicallydifferentfromwhyeducationisuniversally

requiredbylaw.Itisnotsimplytoraiseeveryone1sjobprospectsthatallchildren

arelegallyrequiredtoattendschoolintotheirteens.Rather,wehaveacertain

conceptionoftheAmericancitizen,acharacterwhoisincompleteifhecannotcompetently

assesshowhislivelihoodandhappinessareaffectedbythingsoutsideofhimself.But

thiswasnotalwaysthecase;beforeitwaslegallyrequiredforallchildrentoattend

schooluntilacertainage,itwaswidelyacceptedthatsomewerejustnotequippedby

naturetopursuethiskindofeducation.Withoptimismcharacteristicofall

industrializedcountries,wecametoacceptthateveryoneisfittobeeducated.

Computer-educationadvocatesforsakethisoptimisticnotionforapessimismthatbetrays

theirotherwisecheeryoutlook.Bankingontheconfusionbetweeneducationaland

vocationalreasonsforbringingcomputersintoschools,computeredadvocatesoften

emphasizethejobprospectsofgraduatesovertheireducationalachievement.

Therearesomegoodargumentsforatechnicaleducationgiventherightkindofstudent.

ManyEuropeanschoolsintroducetheconceptofprofessionaltrainingearlyoninorder

tomakesurechildrenareproperlyequippedfortheprofessionstheywanttojoin.It

is,however,presumptuoustoinsistthattherewillonlybesomanyjobsforsomany

scientists,somanybusinessmen,somanyaccountants.Besides,thisisunlikelytoproduce

theneedednumberofeverykindofprofessionalinacountryaslargeasoursandwhere

theeconomyisspreadoversomanystatesandinvolvessomanyinternationalcorporations.

But,forasmallgroupofstudents,professionaltrainingmightbethewaytogosince

well-developedskills,allotherfactorsbeingequal,canbethedifferencebetweenhaving

ajobandnot.Ofcourse,thebasicsofusinganycomputerthesedaysareverysimple.

Itdoesnottakealifelongacquaintancetopickupvarioussoftwareprograms.Ifone

wantedtobecomeacomputerengineer,thatis,ofcourse,anentirelydifferentstory.

Basiccomputerskillstake-attheverylongest-acoupleofmonthstolearn.Inany

case,basiccomputerskillsareonlycomplementarytothehostofrealskillsthatare

necessarytobecominganykindofprofessional.Itshouldbeobserved,ofcourse,that

noschool,vocationalornot,ishelpedbyaconfusionoveritspurpose.

59.Theauthorthinksthepresentrushtoputcomputersintheclassroomis.

[A]far-reaching

[B]dubiouslyoriented

[C]self-contradictory

[D]radicallyreformatory

60.Thebeliefthateducationisindispensabletoallchildren.

[A]isindicativeofapessimismindisguise

[B]cameintobeingalongwiththearrivalofcomputers

EC]isdeeplyrootedinthemindsofcomputeredadvocates

[D]originatedfromtheoptimisticattitudeofindustrializedcountries

61.Itcouldbeinferredfromthepassagethatintheauthor?scountrytheEuropeanmodel

ofprofessionaltrainingis.

[A]dependentuponthestartingageofcandidates

[B]worthtryinginvarioussocialsections

[C]oflittlepracticalvalue

[D]attractivetoeverykindofprofessional

62.Accordingtotheauthor,basiccomputerskillsshouldbe.

[A]includedasanauxiliarycourseinschool

[B]highlightedinacquisitionofprofessionalqualifications

[C]masteredthrougha