高中一轮复习英语讲义选修六Module1SmallTalk

Module1SmallTalk一、单词表词汇全查验——运用多媒体，提问默写词汇Ⅰ.阅读词汇(英译汉)[第一屏听写]1．acquaintancen． 熟人2．anniversaryn. 周年纪念日3．awkwardadj. 尴尬的4．brunchn. 早午餐(早餐与午餐合并吃的一餐)5．circumstancen. 情形，情况6．coincidencen. 巧合[第二屏听写]7．contradictv． 反驳8．definev. 解释，给……下定义9．divorcen. 离婚，离异10．embassyn. 使馆11．genuineadj. 纯粹的，真正的，真实的12．haircutn. 发型，发式[第三屏听写]13．immigrationn． 移民14．matureadj. 成熟的15．messyadj. 棘手的，难办的16．obligationn. 责任；义务17．pregnantadj. 怀孕的18．receptionn. 欢迎会；招待会[第四屏听写]19．saleswomann． 女推销员，女销售员20．sighv. 叹气，叹息21．systematicadj. 非偶然的，经常的22．teasev. 戏弄，嘲弄，揶揄23．violatev. 骚扰，妨碍，侵犯24．visan. 签证25．yawnv. 打呵欠Ⅱ.高频词汇(汉译英)[第五屏听写]1．absencen． 缺乏，不存在2．advanceadj. 预先的，在前的3．anyhowadv. 不管怎么说，无论如何4．apologisev. 道歉5．apologyn. 道歉，致歉6．applicationn. 申请7．functionn. 功能[第六屏听写]8．cautiousadj. 谨慎的，慎重的，小心的9．certainpron. 某些10．clerkn. 职员，办事员11．confidentlyadv. 自信地12．customern. 顾客，客户13．favourn. 恩惠，照顾14．faxn. (机)[第七屏听写]15．firmn． 公司16．fooln. 傻瓜，笨蛋17．formn. 表格18．hostessn. 女主人19．imaginev. 想象20．impoliteadj. 不礼貌的21．informaladj. 非正式的[第八屏听写]22．interruptv． 打断23．lackv. 缺乏，缺少24．modestadj. 谦虚的，谦逊的25．motton. 座右铭，格言26．nodv. 点头27．opportunityn. 机会28．outspokenadj. 直言不讳的，坦率的，不客气的[第九屏听写]29．prizen． 奖品，奖金30．purposen. 目的31．replyn. 回答，答复，回信32．seriousadj. 严肃的33．shortingn. 缺点，短处34．successfuladj. 成功的35．tidyv. 使……整洁，整理[第十屏听写]36．typistn． 打字员37．as_a_consequence 因此，结果38．body_language 身体语言，肢体语言39．cheer_sb._up 使某人高兴/振作起来40．find_out 了解(到)；找出(信息)41．human_being 人类42．in_addition 除此之外，另外[第十一屏听写]43．leave_out 省去，删去44．look_away_from 把目光从……移开45．make_friends 交朋友，建立友谊46．put_one's_foot_in_one's_mouth 犯使人难堪的错误，说错话47．(be)_aware_of 知道[第十二屏听写]48．(be)_nervous_about 对……神经紧张/害怕/胆怯/焦虑不安49．show_off 炫耀50．small_talk 闲谈，聊天51．social_rules 社交规则52．take_the_lead 带头，领先53．think_of 想起，回忆起二、单元核心考点初热身——提供语境，单元考点自测回顾(一)分类识记单词——用时少·功效高识记单词写对Ⅰ.知其意(英译汉)1.circumstancen．情形，情况_2.genuineadj.纯粹的，真正的，真实的3.divorcen.离婚，离异_4.messyadj.棘手的，难办的5.obligationn.责任；义务6.coincidencen.巧合7.matureadj.成熟的8.acquaintancen.熟人9.awkwardadj.尴尬的10.teasev.戏弄，嘲弄，揶揄Ⅱ.写其形(汉译英)1.anyhowadv.不管怎么说，无论如何2.typistn.打字员3.certainpron.某些4.prizen.奖品，奖金5.customern.顾客，客户6.functionn.功能7.cautiousadj.谨慎的，慎重的，小心的8.outspokenadj.直言不讳的，坦率的，不客气的核心单词练通1.Alack(缺乏)ofconfidencecanleadtoalotofsuffering.2.WaltherFlemingremainedmodest(谦虚的，谦逊的)abouttheamazingouteofhisdiscovery.3.Thepurpose(目的)ofthearticleistodrawpublicattentiontotheproblem.4.Isentmyinvitationtoawrongaddressbymistake.Otherwise,MrGreenwouldhavereplied(回复)tome.5.Sheisboundtodoyouafavour(恩惠)becausesheiswarm­hearted.6.Howeverserious(严肃的)aproblemyoumayhave,youshouldgatheryourcouragetofacethechallenge.7.Mymotherisbeingunreasonable;shedoesn'tallowmetogooutuntilIhavetheroomtidied(使……整洁，整理)up.8.Weshouldtakeadvantageofthisopportunity(机会)tomakeagoodimpressiononthem.拓展单词用活[记全记牢]1.absencen．缺乏，不存在→absentadj.缺席的，不在场的；缺少的，缺乏的2.successfuladj.成功的→successn．成功→succeedvi.成功vt.继承，接替3.confidentlyadv.自信地→confidentadj.自信的→confidencen．自信心；信任4.impoliteadj.不礼貌的→impolitelyadv.不礼貌地→politeadj.礼貌的5.apologyn．道歉，致歉→apologisev．道歉6.interruptv．打断→interruptionn．打扰，打断7.imaginev．想象→imaginaryadj.想象中的，幻想的，虚构的→imaginativeadj.富有想象力的→imaginationn．想象力，创造力8.advanceadj.预先的；在前的→advancedadj.先进的；高级的→advancev．前进n．预先；提前[用准用活]1.It'simpoliteforyoutospeaktoyourparentsimpolitelyinpublic.Onthecontrary,it'spolitetotalktothemgently.(polite)2.WealladvisedScotttoapologisetotheteacherforhisrudeness.Hewasverynervousatthebeginning,butfinallyheworkeduphiscouragetospeakitout,andtheteacheracceptedhisapologyandforgavehim.(apology)3.Hesucceededhisfatherasmanagerofthepany.Soontheirbusinessbecameverysuccessful.Lotsofpeoplewantedtoknowthesecretofhissuccess.(success)4.Tomusedtobeconfidentabouthisfuture.Heoncesaidconfidentlythathewouldgotoakeycollege.Buthisconfidencewasalmostshakenbythefailureinthefinalexamination.(confident)5.IhaveneverseenmygrandmotherbutIalwaysimagineherasakind,oldlady.Mymothertoldmethatshewasawriterwithgreatimaginationandwroteseveralimaginarynovels.(imagine)⇩eq\a\vs4\al(积得多平时多输入，用时顺手出)1.后缀­ious形容词荟萃①cautious谨慎的②curious好奇的③obvious明显的④ambitious有抱负的⑤various多种多样的2.后缀­ence名词集锦①confidence信心②reference参考；查阅③consequence结果④convenience便利⑤coincidence巧合3.前缀im­形容词大团圆①impolite不礼貌的②impossible不可能的③impatient不耐烦的④immoral不道德的⑤imperfect不完美的4.ab­开头单词面面观①absencen．缺乏②abnormaladj.不正常的③abstractadj.抽象的④abandonv.放弃⑤abundantadj.丰富的(二)语段串记短语——不枯燥·兴趣高先写对再用准第一组1.show_off炫耀2.in_addition除此之外，另外3.find_out了解(到)；找出(信息)4.leave_out省去，删去5.take_the_lead带头，领先6.look_away_from把目光从……移开WeoftenfindthatsomanyrichpeopleshowtheirwealthylifeonWeChat.Ithinkthattherichshouldn't①show_offtheirwealth.Instead,theyshouldcontributemoremoneytothepoor.②In_addition,_theyshould③take_the_leadtohelpthepoortogetrich.第二组1.(be)_nervous_about对……神经紧张/害怕/胆怯/焦虑不安2.as_a_consequence因此，结果3.on_purpose故意4.(be)_aware_of知道；意识到5.cheer_sb._up使某人高兴/振作起来6.think_of想起，回忆起Intoday'sEnglishclass,ourteacheraskedustoprepareashortspeech.We①wereallnervous_aboutit.Whentalkingloudlyforminutes,wewerepausedbyourteacher②on_purposetoremindustostoptalking.He③was_aware_ofournervousness.④As_a_consequence,_hetoldusajoketomakeusrelaxed.⇩eq\a\vs4\al(积得多平时多输入，用时顺手出)1.“v.＋off”短语集释①showoff炫耀②backoff放弃，后退③breakoff中止，中断④calloff取消；停止进行⑤cooloff冷却，(使)冷静下来⑥clearoff消除；溜掉2.“原因、结果”短语串记①asaconsequence(of)因此，结果②asaresult(of)作为……的结果③resultin/from导致/起因于④onaccountof由于⑤becauseof因为⑥leadto导致(三)仿写用活句式——造佳句·表达高背原句明句式学仿写1.Talktoamanabouthimself,andhewillspeaktoyouforhours！和一个人谈论他自己，他会和你说上几个小时。本句属于“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”句型。当你完成它以后就打给我，我就会来你工作的地方接你。Call_me_when_you_get_it_through,_and_I'llpickyouupatyourworkplace.2.Hermottowas“EverytimeIopenmymouth,Iputmyfootinit.”她的“座右铭”是“每当我张口，就会讲错话。”everytime此处为连词，引导时间状语从句。每当我看到这张图片，我就想起在那个偏远山村的日子。Every_time_I_see_the_picture,_Ithinkofmydaysintheremotemountainvillage.3.Itisestimatedthat80%ofallconversationinEnglishissmalltalk.据估计80%的英语会话是闲聊。it作形式主语，真正主语为后面that引导的从句。众所周知，长江是亚洲最长的河流，有许多景点。(2017·北京高考满分作文)It's_widely_known_thattheYangtzeRiveristhelongestriverinAsiaandhassomanyattractions.考点新组合阅读微技能RecentlyIhavebeeninabadmood.Theotherdaythemanagerrequiredustofinishthehardtask________❶advance.Butbecauseofalackofadvancedequipment,wedidn'tsucceed.Andthenhedemanded❷weshouldmakeanapologytohim.Youcouldimagine________❸angryIwasatthattime.EverytimeIrememberitnow,Istillgetannoyed.1.在①处应填入的介词为in。2.②处的demand意为“要求”，后接宾语从句时谓语动词需要用虚拟语气，即“(should)＋动词原形”。3.③处应填入的最佳选项为__B__。A.whatB．howC．whyD．that1．advanceadj.预先的，在前的v.前进，进展；促进；提前n.前进，进展，进步；增长[练牢基点]写出下列句中advance的词性和含义①Letusjoinhandsandadvancetogether.v．前进②Therehasbeennoadvanceinthepriceofriceformanyyears.n.增长③Therehavebeenstrikingadvancesinspaceinthelast20years.n.进步④Theydon'tnormallygiveanyadvancenoticeaboutwhichbuildingthey'regoingtoinspect.adj.预先的[系统考点](1)inadvance＝aheadoftime 提前；预先makeanadvanceinsth. 在某方面有进步(2)advancedadj. 先进的；高级的[练通重点]单句语法填空/补全句子⑤Thankstotheadvanced(advance)technology,weliveinanageofbettermunication.⑥Besides,IadviseyoutogotothebookstoretobuyahistorybookandlearnthehistoryoftheTangDynastyin_advance,_whichcanhelpyoubetterunderstandtheTangpoemstobelearned.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ满分作文)此外，我建议您到书店买一本历史书，提前了解一下唐朝的历史，这可能有助于您更好地理解将要学习的唐诗。[名师指津]advance作形容词时，意为“预先的，在前的”；advanced意为“高级的，先进的”。2．lackv．缺乏，缺少n．缺乏；短缺的东西(1)lacksth. 缺乏/少某物(2)(a)lackof... 缺乏/少……forlackof... 因缺乏……(3)lackingadj. 缺少的，不足的belackingin 缺少(品质、特点等)；在……方面缺乏[多角练透]单句语法填空①Thoughlacking(lack)experience,hesoongotahigherpaybyworkinghard.②Forlackofconfidence,sheislacking(lack)inskillsofmunicating.补全句子③Whilecollegegraduatesplainofa_lack_ofavailablejobs,factoriesarefacingdifficultiesinhiringworkers.尽管大学毕业生抱怨不好找工作，然而工厂正面临着用工荒。[名师指津]lack既可以作动词也可作名词。作及物动词时不能用于被动语态，后面直接接宾语；作不及物动词时常接介词for；作名词时，后面常用介词of。3．apologyn．道歉，致歉(1)makeanapologytosb.for(doing)sth. 因(做)某事而向某人道歉accept/refuseone'sapology 接受/拒绝某人的道歉owesb.anapology 应向某人道歉(2)apologisev. 道歉apologisetosb.for(doing)sth. 因(做)某事而向某人道歉[多角练透]句型转换①Ifyouarereallywrong,youshouldapologisetoyourroommate.→Ifyouarereallywrong,youshouldmake_an_apology_toyourroommate.单句改错②Victorapologisedtohisnotbeingabletoinformmeofthechangeintheplan.第一个to→for③Justmakeanapologise,andmoveon.apologise→apology补全句子④Pleaseaccept_our_apologyfortheinconveniencethismatterhasgivenyou.对此事给您带来的不便，请接受我们的歉意。4．imaginev．想象，设想(1)imagine(sb.)doingsth. 想象(某人)做某事imagine＋从句 想象……imaginesb./sth.as/tobe 把某人/物想象成……；认为某人/物是……(2)imaginationn. 想象力；创造力[题点全练]单句语法填空①Wecan'timaginehersucceeding(succeed)intheCollegeEntranceExamination,forshehasneverbeentoschool.②Sometimes,imagination(imagine)ismoreimportantthanknowledgeduringourstudies.③Weallimagineherasatalenteddancer.④Canyouimaginewhatproblemmayarisewhenhumanbeingsarecloned?[名师指津]imagine的宾语可以是名词、代词、从句、动名词以及动名词的复合结构，但不能为动词不定式。5．everytime＋时间状语从句Hermottowas“Every_timeIopenmymouth,Iputmyfootinit.”她的“座右铭”是“每当我张口，就会讲错话。”everytime相当于eachtime，是名词短语用作从属连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“每当……的时候；每次……”。常见的可用作从属连词的名词短语或副词还有：(1)thefirsttime 第一次……时(the)nexttime 下次……时anytime 任何时候(the)lasttime 上次……时(2)theminute/moment/instant 一……就……(3)immediately/instantly/directly 一……就……①Every/Each_time_I_see_the_old_man_in_the_park,_heisabsorbedinreadingpapers.每当我在公园里看到这位老人时，他都在专注地看报纸。②The_first_time_I_interviewed_him,_helookedabitnervous.我第一次采访他时，他看起来有点紧张。③Next_time_you_e,_remembertobringalongyoursister.下次你来时，记着把你妹妹一块带来。[名师指津]thefirsttime用作连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“第一次……时”。forthefirsttime是介词短语，只能用作状语，意为“第一次”。考点新组合阅读微技能LiYanhasageniusforlearningEnglish.Notonlyissheveryconcentratedonthelecturesandafraidofleavingoutasinglewordthattheteachersays,butalsosheisactiveinansweringtheteacher'squestionsinclass.❶Somestudentsoncesaidinherabsencethatshewasshowingoffherability,________❷.1.句①为notonly...butalso...连接的两个句子，notonly位于句首时，notonly后面的句子要用部分倒装。2.②处应填入的最佳选项为__B__。A.andshehasimprovedherlisteningB.butshehappenedtoknowitandjustlaugheditoff6．absencen．缺乏，不存在(1)absencefrom 缺席，不在intheabsenceof 由于缺乏；(物)不存在；缺少/席during/inone'sabsence 在某人不在/缺席的时候(2)absentadj. 缺席的，不在的(后置定语)beabsentfrom... 不参加……，缺席……bepresentat 出席[多角练透]单句语法填空①Hewasabsent(absence)fromtheconferenceyesterdaybecauseofhissuddenheartdisease.②Iwillgoonabusinesstriptomorrow;Markwillbeinchargeofthepanyinmyabsence.补全句子③In_the_absence_ofproof,thepolicecouldnottakeactionagainsttheman.由于缺乏证据，警察不能对这个人采取行动。一句多译很长时间没有上学后，我的老师和同学们都帮助我补习功课。④Myteachersandclassmateshelpedmewiththelessonsafter_my_long_absence_from_school.⑤Myteachersandclassmateshelpedmewiththelessonsafter_I_had_been_absent_from_school_for_a_long_time.7．leaveout省去，删去；漏掉；忽视；忽略；不考虑[一词多义]写出下列句中leaveout的含义①Youcanleaveoutthepartsofthestorythatarenotinteresting.省去，删去②Incopyingthispaper，becarefulnottoleaveoutanyword.漏掉③It'sMary'sownfaultifshefeelsleftoutattheparty;shemakesnoefforttobefriendlytopeople.忽视④Weleftoutthepossibilityofhisingtotheparty.不考虑[归纳拓展]❺leaveforsomeplace 动身去某地❻leavebehind 遗留，遗忘；使落后❼leavesb.alone 不打扰某人；不管某人❽leavesth.aside 不予考虑，搁在一边[应用领悟]①TheJapaneseswimmerwasleftbehindinwomen's100mfreestylefinal.在女子100米自由泳决赛中日本游泳选手落在了后面。②Ifleftaloneoutside,dogsandcatscanbeverysmartintheirsearchforwarmshelter.如果把猫和狗丢在外面不管，它们很快就会找到温暖的栖身之处。8．showoff炫耀showup 到场，出现，露面showsb.around 领某人(到处)参观showsb.in/out 领某人进来/出去onshow 在展出选用上述短语填空①Afteraget­togetherthere,we'llshow_aroundtheschool,thelibrary,thelabsandtheschoolfactory.②Joehasnotmissedachancetoshow_offhismusclessincethatprettygirlmovedinnextdoor.③Wehadagreedtomeetatthegym,butLarrydidn'tshow_up.④Toallthefamousartists'surprise,theunknownwoman'stwolittleblueoilpaintingsarealsoon_showintheartexhibition.[单元语基落实]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．However,learningEnglishasaforeignlanguageisverydifficultintheabsenceofanativelanguageenvironment.2．Mariawouldnotgototheparty,asshehadnofinedress,nojewelrytoshowoff.3．Inonly10years,ourprovincehasbeentransformedintoanadvanced(advance)industrialprovince.4．Ithoughthemadethismistakeonpurposeinhisjobbecausehewantedtomakehismanagerangry.5．Thegatheringwillbeinformal(formal),soyouneedn'tdressup.6．ItwasnotuntilIwasinjuredinacaraccidentthatIfoundoutthatrealAmericansociety.7．Thebirthofhersonwasaminorinterruption(interrupt)tohercareer.8．Hesaidourcountrywasinanimportantperiodofstrategicopportunities(opportunity)fordevelopment.9．Theproblemofglobalwarmingisserious.Asaconsequence,thesealevelshaverisenalittle.10．Theyoungviolinistisveryexcitedbecausetheconcertgivenbyhimhasneverbeenmoresuccessful(succeed)．Ⅱ.单句改错1．Ourteacheroftentellsusweshouldtakethestudyserious.serious→seriously2．Certainofthecandidateswaswellbelowtheusualstandard,butotherswereverygoodindeed.was→were3．Weneedtoremindourselvesoftheirpainseverytimewhenwewasteourparents'money.去掉when4．Everyonewillhaveaopportunitytogotocollege.a→an_5．Iwanttotellyouthereis,inadditionto,onefurtherpointtomake.去掉第二个to_Ⅲ.根据提示词和相关要求补全句子1．你可以省去细节，就告诉我们主要的事实就行了。(leaveout)Youcanleave_out_the_details;_justgiveusthemainfacts.2．他好像没有意识到这个问题。(beawareof)Hedoesn'tseemto_be_aware_of_the_problem.3．每次他想要放弃的时候，他都提醒自己他有家庭的支持。(everytime)Every_time_he_felt_like_giving_up,_heremindedhimselfthathehadafamilytosupport.4．据估计，大约有1亿人住这儿，大多数在西部。(It＋be＋过去分词＋that...)It_is_estimated_thatnearly100millionpeoplelivehere,mostoftheminthewest.5．尽管缺钱，但他的父母还是设法供他上了大学。(lack)Though_lacking_money,_hisparentsmanagedtosendhimtoauniversity.Ⅳ.句型转换/一句多译1．I'llneverforgettheexcitementwhenIsawtheseaforthefirsttime.→I'llneverforgettheexcitementthe_first_timeIsawthesea.2．Tiringasitmightbe,themilitarytrainingisbelievedtobethebestopportunitytomakelifelongfriends.→It_is_believed_thatthemilitarytrainingisthebestopportunitytomakelifelongfriends,thoughitmightbetiring.3．Ifyoutakethismedicine,you'llbefine.→Take_this_medicine_andyou'llbefine.4．你对你弟弟那么粗鲁，我认为你应该为此向他道歉。①Ithinkyoushouldapologise_to_your_brother_for_being_so_rude_to_him.(apologise)②Ithinkyoushouldmake_an_apology_to_your_brother_for_being_so_rude_to_him.(apology)5．你想象过有一天会探索太空吗？①Haveyouimagined_exploring_spaceoneday?(imagine)②Haveyouhad_the_imagination_to_explore_spaceoneday?(imagination)6．由于缺钱，这个可怜的女孩不能买这本书。①Thepoorgirlcan'tbuythisbookfor_lack_of_money.(lack介词短语作状语)②Lacking_money,_thepoorgirlcan'tbuythisbook.(lack分词短语作状语)③Because_she_is_lacking_in_money,_thepoorgirlcan'tbuythisbook.(原因状语从句)[高考拆组训练]阅读理解组块专练——练速度(限时：35分钟)Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2018·河南省六市高三第一次联考)Iftherewasonethingyoucouldmakeparentsunderstandaboutkids,whatwoulditbe?ThatisoneofthequestionsTFKandKidsHealth.orgrecentlyaskedinananonymous(匿名的)surveyconductedonline.Morethan8,000kidsanswered.“Wejustwanttospendtimewithyou，”saida12­year­old.“At13,youcan'ttreatmelikeI'm6，”anotherkidsaid.An11­year­oldwrote,“Beingakidisalotharderthanitlooks.”Thekidswhotookoursurveymadeitclearthattheywanttofeelclosetotheimportantpeopleintheirlife—theirmom,dadandothercaringadults.Buttheiranswersalsoshowthatitisnotalwayseasytodealwiththesecloserelationships.Manykids—twooutofthree—saidtheygetalongprettywellorverywellwiththeirparents.Aboutfouroutoffivekidstoldusthattheyhavefunwiththeirparents.Butthatdoesn'tmeantheyneverdisagree.Infact,mostkidsreportedarguingwiththeirparents,atleastsometimes.“It'sabsolutelynormaltodisagreeandargue，”saysD'ArcyLyness,achildpsychologist.“Butit'salsoimportanttolearnhowtodosorespectfully.”Abouthalfofthekidssaidtheyaredoingthat.Whentheydisagreewiththeirparents,theysaytheydiscussissuescalmly.Buttwooutoffivekidssaidargumentstendtoinvolveyelling(喊叫)ateachother.Lynesspointsoutthatshoutingneverhelps.“Speakup,andletyourparentsknowyourideasandyouropinions，”sheadvises.“Butbepatient.Don'tusearaised,angryvoice.”Kidsmadeitclearthattheywouldratheravoidconflictaltogether.Notsurprisingly,threeoutoffourkidsadmittedtolyingattimes.Manysaidtheyliedtoavoidgettingintroubleordisappointingtheirparents.AccordingtoLyness,lyingisn'tjustwrong.Itcanactuallygetnegativeresults.Tellingthetruthbuildstrust.“Whenparentscantrustyou,theyaremorelikelytogiveyoumorefreedomandmoreprivileges，”shesays.语篇解读：孩子要处理好与自己的亲人的关系并不是很容易，儿童专家建议孩子们要大胆表达自己的诉求，与家长交流沟通，彼此建立信任关系。1．Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstparagraph?A．Therelationshipisalwaysfixed.B．Therelationshipisoftenchanging.C．Usuallyitiseasytodealwiththerelationship.D．Sometimesitishardtodealwiththerelationship.解析：选D推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“Buttheiranswersalsoshowthatitisnotalwayseasytodealwiththesecloserelationships.”可知孩子要处理好与自己的亲人(父母、亲戚等)的关系并不是很容易。2．WhatadvicedoesLynessgivetochildrenonhowtogetalongwithparents?A．Talkingtotheirfriends.B．Expressingtheirownopinions.C．Hidingthemselvesfromparents.D．Beingfriendswiththeirteachers.解析：选B细节理解题。根据第三段第三句“‘Speakup,andletyourparentsknowyourideasandyouropinions，’sheadvises.”可知莱茵斯建议孩子们学会表达，让父母知道自己的想法。3．Whydosomechildrenlietotheirparentsaccordingtothelastparagraph?A．Inordernottoletteachersdown.B．Inordernottorunintotrouble.C．Inordertomaketimeforparents.D．Inordertohavefunwithparents.解析：选B细节理解题。根据最后一段第三句“Manysaidtheyliedtoavoidgettingintroubleordisappointingtheirparents.”可知孩子跟父母撒谎是为了避免陷入困境或不让父母失望。4．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．KidsGetUp B．KidsHoldUpC．KidsStandUp D．KidsSpeakUp解析：选D标题归纳题。文章从关于儿童怎样与父母和谐相处的调研入手，着重强调了儿童专家所给出的意见，那就是建议孩子们大胆表达自己的诉求，与家长交流沟通，彼此建立信任关系。B(2018·郑州市高三质量预测)At23,mycareergotgoing.Iwasmidwaythroughamaster'sdegreeattheLondonSchoolofEconomicsandPoliticalScienceandhadbeenhiredasapart­timereporterforafinancewebsite.Igotagreatone­monthreviewandmybossaskedifIwasinterestedinstayingatthepanyaftergraduation.However,balancinggraduatestudieswithworkwaschallenging.Todealwithit,Icheckedmyrealselfatmyofficedoor.Icameintowork,greetedmycolleaguesandlistenedmorethanIcontributedineachmorningmeeting.ThesmallteamIworkedwithoftenseemedbusy,soratherthangivingideasthatmightgetturneddown,Istayedback.Afterfourmonths,mybosscalledmeintohisoffice.ThemeetingwasgoingwelluntilhetoldmethatdespitethegreatworkIhadproduced,theteamhadheldameetinganddecided,“Wedon'tthinkit'stherightfit.”Imusthavelookedconfused.“You'reambitious,intelligentandwillbeverysuccessful，”mybosssaid.“Butyouhaven'tmadeenoughefforttojointheteam.Youlosttheenthusiasmyoushowedinyourinterview.Thatwon'tworklongterm,andifIcouldgiveyouonepieceofadvice,itwouldbetogetyourguarddown.”Icouldn'tbelievethatperformingwellatmyjobwasn'tenoughtokeepit.ButIknewmybosswasright.Theyknewthatwhentheyhiredme,Ihadnoexperienceinfinancereporting,yettheytookachanceonme.InmeetingsIusuallycontributedlast,afterIhadheardeveryoneelse'ssuggestions.IdidittoshowthatIwasalistener,butalsotohidemyfears.Theylikedthepersonwhowalkedintotheinterview,andtheydidn'trespectmewhenIhidthatpersonfromthem.“Don'tleavebeforeyouleave.”Thatadviceisessentialforwomenatallstagesofourcareers.Becauseweworksohardforsuccess,wedon'tliketothinkthatwehurtourselvessometimes.Buteachofusmustchangewhennecessary.Intryingtoearnafull­timejob,I“leanedback”inordernottoshowtoomuchofmyselformylackofexpertise(专门知识).Ilearnedthatthehardwaywasn'tthewaytoachieveourgoals.语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。“我”在公司工作，在团队里，“我”辛苦勤奋，所在的团队也紧张忙碌，但是“我”害怕表达自己的主张和建议。老板在肯定了“我”的成绩的同时，建议“我”勇于表达自己的主张，分享个人的建议。5．Whywastheauthorofferedajobatthepanyatfirst?A．Becauseshejustgothermaster'sdegreeinfinance.B．Becauseshegreatlyimpressedherbossinherfirstmonth.C．Becauseshehadquitealotofexperienceinfinancereporting.D．Becausesheshowedherspecialfinancialtalentwhileworkingthere.解析：选B细节理解题。根据第一段第三句“Igotagreatone­monthreviewandmybossaskedifIwasinterestedinstayingatthepanyaftergraduation.”可知，在第一个月的工作中，“我”获得了很高的评价，给老板留下了深刻的印象，故老板决定聘用“我”。故B项正确。6．Duringhernextfourmonthsatthepany,theauthor________.A．performedwellenoughtoearntheteam'srespectB．didn'tbalancehergraduatestudieswithworkverywellC．wasagoodlistenerandcontributedalotinthemeetingsD．wasafraidtoofferherideasbecauseofherlackofconfidence解析：选D细节理解题。根据第二段第四句“ThesmallteamIworkedwithoftenseemedbusy,soratherthangivingideasthatmightgetturneddown,Istayedback.”，并结合第四段倒数第二句“IdidittoshowthatIwasalistener,butalsotohidemyfears.”可知，“我”工作所在的团队常常看起来很忙碌，“我”担心自己的建议或想法遭到拒绝，所以只愿做一个倾听者。据此可知，由于缺乏自信，“我”害怕表达自己的想法，故D项正确。7．Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellusinthepassage?A．Weshouldalwayskeepupourenthusiasmatwork.B．Expertiseandexperiencearegreatlyvaluedintheworkplace.C．Weshouldnotshyawayfromsharingourideaswhenworkinginateam.D．It'sunwiseofwomentoshowthemselvesoffwhentheyaretakingpartinteamwork.解析：选C写作意图题。文章第二段描述了“我”辛苦勤奋，所在的团队紧张忙碌，第三、四段讲述老板对“我”工作的评价：虽然辛苦努力，但是“我”缺乏在团队中建言献策的自信和勇气，并不能赢得团队的尊敬。据此可以判断，本文旨在告诉读者在团队工作中不要畏避表达自己的观点，故C项正确。C(2018·陕西省高三教学质量检测)Careersuccesscouldbepredictedasearlyaskindergarten,accordingtoa20­yearstudyrecentlypublishedintheAmericanjournalPublicHealth.ResearchersfromPennsylvaniaStateUniversityandDukeUniversitytrackedmorethan700childrenfromacrosstheUSbetweenkindergartenandage25andfoundasignificantcorrelation(关联)betweentheirsocialskillsaskindergartenersandtheirsuccessasadultstwodecadeslater.Intheresearch,teachersassessedhowthekindergartenersinteractedwitheachothersociallyusingarangeofcriterialikewhethertheycooperatewiththeirpeerswithoutprompting,whetherthey'rehelpfultoothers,whetherthey'regoodatunderstandingfeelings,andwhethertheycansolveproblemsontheirown.Researchersthenkepttrackofwhetherthestudentsgoontograduatefromhighschoolontime,getacollegedegree,andfindandkeepafull­timejobby25.Theyalsomonitoredtheparticipants'involvementwithcrime,drugabuse,publicassistance,andmentalhealthissues.Theresultsshowedthatsociallycapablechildrenarefarmorelikelytoearnacollegedegreeandhaveafull­timejobby25thanthosewithlimitedsocialskills.Thosewithlimitedsocialskillsalsohaveahigherchanceofgettingarrested,bingedrinking,andapplyingforpublichousing.“Thisstudyshowsthathelpingchildrendevelopsocialandemotionalskillsisoneofthemostimportantthingswecandotopreparethemforahealthyfuture，”saidKristinSchubert,programdirectorattheRobertWoodJohnsonFoundation,whichfundedtheresearch,inarelease.“Fromanearlyage,theseskillscandeterminewhetherachildgoestocollegeorprison,andwhethertheyendupemployedoraddicted.”Thegoodnews,accordingtoDamonJones,leadauthorofthestudy,isthatintervention(干预)atayoungagecanhelpimprovesocialandemotionalskills.“Thisresearchbyitselfdoesn'tprovethathighersocialpetencecanleadtobetterouteslateron，”hesaid.“Butwhenbinedwithotherresearch,itisclearthathelpingchildrendeveloptheseskillsincreasestheirchancesofsuccessinschool,work,andlife.”语篇解读：美国的一项研究发现孩子们在幼儿园期间学到的社交技巧与他们未来的成功密不可分。8．Whatdidthe20­yearstudyfind?A．Mostkindergartenerscansolveproblemsalone.B．Helpfulchildrenunderstandothers'feelingsbetter.C．Outgoingchildrencooperatewiththeirpeerseasily.D．Socialskillsplayakeyroleinchildren'sdevelopment.解析：选D推理判断题。根据文章的前三段的内容可知，这项为期20年的研究发现孩子们在幼儿园期间学到的社交技巧与他们未来的成功密不可分。故选D。9．What'sParagraph2and3mainlyabout?A．Whentheresearchersbegantheirstudy.B．Howlongittooktopletethestudy.C．Howtheresearchersconductedthestudy.D．Whatfactorswerestudiedbytheresearchers.解析：选C段落大意题。第二段和第三段主要介绍了研究者是如何进行这项研究的。故选C。10．WhatshouldparentsdotohelptheirchildrentosucceedaccordingtoKristinSchubert?A．Teachthemhowtocooperatewithothers.B．Teachthemsomebasiclivingskills.C．Tellthemtokeepoffalcohol.D．Coachthemintheirlessons.解析：选A推理判断题。根据第六段的内容可知，KristinSchubert认为家长帮助孩子培养社交和感情技巧是很重要的，这样能帮助孩子走向成功。故选A。A项中的“howtocooperatewithothers”属于社交技巧。11．Accordingtothepassage,itisprobablyintendedfor________.A．teenagers B．educatorsC．doctors D．generalreaders解析：选B推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可知，研究者DamonJones认为，结合其他的研究，帮助孩子培养社交技能显然能够促进孩子在学习、工作和生活方面的成功。由此可推知，本文可能是为教育工作者撰写的。故选B。D(2018·福建省普通高中毕业班质量检查)TheEnglishhaveadifficultand,generallyspeaking,dysfunctional(反常的)relationshipwithclothes.Theirmainproblemisthattheyhaveadesperateneedforrules,andareunabletogetalongwithoutthem.Thishelpstoexplainwhytheyhaveaninternationalreputationfordressingingeneralverybadly,butwithspecificareasofexcellence,suchashigh­classmen'ssuits,ceremonialcostumes,andinnovative(革新的)streetfashion.Inotherwords,weEnglishdressbest