2024届北京市西城区高三下学期高考英语模拟试题（二模）含答案

2024届北京市西城区高三下学期高考英语模拟试题（二模）本试卷共14页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Youmayhaveheardofthefamousworkplacecommunicationsoftware,Slack.ManycompaniesuseSlacktovirtuallycommunicateacrossteams.Whatmostpeopledon’tknowisthatSlack,despiteits1,wasnevermeanttoexist.Infact,thecompanywhodevelopedSlackactuallyhadbeenhopingtocreatethenextpopularvideogame.Butafterraisingmillionsofdollarstofundthegamedevelopment,thecompanyultimately2theprojectbecausethegamefailedtoattractenoughusers.The3goalofthecompanywasn’tachieved.However,duringtheprocessofcreatingtheirgame,somethingelsehappened.TheteamrealizedthattheEQ4systemtheycreatedtoaccompanythegamewasworthinvestingmoretimein.Andthey5toinventthecommunicationsystemideaforoneofthefastest-growingstartups(初创公司Anoutcome-focusedcompanymighthavejustmovedonfromthefailedvideogameor,worse,continuedinvestingresources,riskingfurthernegativeoutcomes.But6,thiscompanydidn’tdothat.7,theyhadbeenpayingattentiontotheprocess.Focusingontheprocessallowedthiscompanyto8andredefinetheirdesiredoutcome.You’veprobablyheardaquoteortwoinyourlifeaboutthe9of“thejourney”—howoftenthejourneyismoresignificantandimpactfulthanthe10.ThecompanythatdevelopedSlackunderstoodthisprinciple,andbyfocusingontheprocessratherthantheoutcome,theywereabletoachievegreatersuccessthantheyfirsthadhopedfor.1.A.problem B.history C.success D.limitation2.A.tookdown B.shutdown C.cutdown D.passeddown3.A.immediate B.general C.real D.initial4.A.chat B.sign C.control D.power5.A.intended B.managed C.pretended D.promised6.A.luckily B.naturally C.likely D.hopefully7.A.Therefore B.Still C.Thus D.Instead8.A.predict B.achieve C.adapt D.watch9.A.origin B.challenge C.importance D.purpose10. A.distance B.destination C.determination D.direction 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。A In2022,topreserveChina’swetlands,alaw11(introduce)torestrictconstructionandprohibitharmful12(activity)suchasovergrazing,overharvesting,andwastewaterdischargeinimportantnationalwetlands.Sincetheimplementation(实施)ofthesemeasures,there13(be)anincreaseinthenumberofbirdsobservedwinteringinthenation’swetlands.InFebruary,theforestrybureauinHunanprovincereported72speciesofwaterbirdsthatspentthepreviouswinteratDongtingLake.Black-facedspoonbills,14rareandendangeredspecies,weresightedatDongtingafterafive-yearabsence.B Aperson’smemoryislikeahallwithmanyrooms,somevisitedfrequently,othersuntouched15years.Withage,sometimes,doorstocertainmemoriesbecomelocked,requiringaspecialkey16(access)them.Thesekeysoftencomeintheformofspecificsensoryinputs—somethingyousee,smell,touch,taste,orhear.Whenasensoryinputstimulatesreceptors,signalsaresentalongnervecellstothebrain,17theyareprocessedandinterpreted.Thewayoursensesconnectwithourmemoriesshowshowcomplexourmindsare.Knowingthishelpsusunderstandhowourpastaffectshowweseeandactinthepresent.CBookingaflight-freeholidayiseffortlesswithBywayTravel.18(found)in2020byCatJones,anon-carownerwhosefamilyvacationsannuallybytrainandbike,Bywayistheworld’sfirsttravelagentthatoffers100%flight-freetrips.Thecompanyexcelsinintegratingthejourneyintotheadventureitself,19(ensure)travelersdiscovertheinterestingplacestheywouldotherwisemissbyflyingoverthem.Presently,Bywayspecializesinflight-freeexcursionsfromtheUKtoEurope,withplanstoexpanditsflight-freetravelofferings20(global)inthefuture.第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AMuseumToursTherearemanywaystovisitSAAMandtheRenwickGalleryandthey’reallfree!GalleryToursforAllAgesGroupToursGrouptoursareavailablebyrequestforadultgroupsofeightormore.Choosefromavarietyofthemes,includingcurrentspecialexhibitions.Request3to4weeksinadvance.Walk-inToursWalk-intoursaresometimesavailable.CheckwiththeInformationDeskwhenyouarrive.Ifawalk-intourisscheduledforthatday:p.m.p.m.p.m.toursstartat12:30to1:30p.m.and2:00to3:00p.m.everydayoftheweekand4:00to5:00p.m.ThursdaythroughSunday.p.m.ickwalk-intoursstartat12:00to1:00p.m.everydayexceptSunday.TherearenotoursonSundays.Self-guidedToursSelf-guidedtoursusingyoursmartphoneareavailablethroughoutSAAM.ScantheQRcodestobringlotsofinformationtoyourfingertips!AccessProgramsFreetoursareavailableonlineandinourgalleriesatSAAMortheRenwickGallery:–inAmericanSignLanguage(ASL);–forpeoplewithlowvision;–forpeoplewithmentaldisordersandtheircarepartners.ThereisnominimumgroupsizeforAccesstours.SchoolToursWewelcomelearnersofallabilitiesandfromallsettings.SchooltoursatSAAMandtheRenwickGalleryare:–forkindergartenthroughcollege;–inlinewithnationalcurriculumstandards;–interactiveandinterdisciplinary.Schooltourslast60minutes.Wantmoretimeinthegalleries?Askaboutadditionalactivities.Request4to6weeksinadvance.VirtualProgramsOnlineSchoolTours:–for3rdgradethrough12thgrade;–inlinewithnationalcurriculumstandards;–40to60minuteslong.Request4to6weeksinadvance.OnlineAdultTours:–availablebyrequest;–45to60minuteslong;–focusonavarietyofthemes,includinghighlightsandspecialexhibitions;–interactiveandconversational.Request4to6weeksinadvance.21.Ifyouwanttotakeawalk-intour,youcanvisittheSAAMGalleryat______. A.12:00pmonMonday B.4:30pmonWednesday C.1:00pmonSunday D.3:30pmonTuesday22.WhatdoweknowabouttheAccessPrograms?A.ToursareavailableinEnglishonly.B.Thereisaminimumgroupsizeof8forAccesstours.C.Peoplewithmentalillnesscanvisitthegallerieswiththeircarepartners.D.Peoplewithpoorsightcannothaveaccesstothefreetoursinthegalleries.23.Fromthepassage,wecanknow______. A.SAAMandtheRenwickGalleryofferpaidtoursforadultgroups B.schooltoursareconsistentwitheducationalcurriculumstandards C.requestsforonlinetoursshouldbemadeatleast3weeksinadvance D.visitorscanusesmartphonestoenjoyself-guidedtoursinRenwickGalleryBInthestateofGeorgia,onefarmerhasmadeithismissionnotonlytofeedthehungrybuttohelpthemgrowtheirownfoodintheirownbackyard.“Mymaingoalistomakesurethatunderservedcommunitiesthathavebeenexcludedoroverlooked

haveaccesstolocallygrownfood,”saidBobbyWilson,whooperatesthenonprofitMetroAtlantaUrbanFarm.Since2009,Wilsonhastaughtthousandsofpeoplehowtoplantandgrowtheirownvegetablesandpreparemealswiththem,includingonions,garlic,cucumbers,tomatoes,collardgreens,squash,andeggplant.“Notonlycanyoulearnfrommy35yearsofdoingthistypeofwork,”Wilsonsaid,“butyoucanlearnfromourcommunitygardenerswhoaregrowingfoodinanaturalway.”Wilson,thefirstcollegegraduateinhisfamily,workedwiththeUniversityofGeorgiaformorethan20years,bringinggardeningeducationandprogramstopublichousingcomplexes,schoolsandchurchesthroughoutMetroAtlanta.Throughhiswork,hesawagreatneedforfresh,healthyfoodinlow-incomeurbancommunities.Whenheretiredin2009,heusedaportionofhisretirementsavingstopurchasethefarmandhelpfillthegap.“Isawtheneed,”Wilsonsaid.“Plus,whenyouretire,youshoulddosomethingyoureallyenjoy.”Heestimateswiththerisingpriceoffood,peoplecouldsavethousandsyearlybygrowingtheirownfruitsandvegetables.Healsopointsoutthehealthbenefitsthatfreshproducebrings.MillionsofhouseholdsintheUSarestrugglingtofeedtheirfamilies.AndthisiswhatmotivatesWilson’sefforts.“Whensmallanddisadvantagedfarmersdidn’thavetheavenuetogetridofthatproducebecausepeoplewerenotcomingouttobuy,wehadanopportunitytohelpkeepthemalive,”Wilsonsaid.“WewerebuyingfoodfromAfricanAmericanfarmerswhodidnothaveoutletsandgivingitaway.”Wilsoncontinuestoofferfreefoodtothoseinneedatadrive-throughgiveawayeveryweek,wherefamiliescansecurehealthyproduce.Overtheyears,WilsonsayshehashostedalotofS.T.E.M.singradesK-12forfarmtoursandagriculturalS.T.E.M.fieldtrips.Heworkswithfarmersandgardenersofallagesandskilllevels,frompreschoolerstoseniors,toprovideeducationandaccesstoaffordableproduce.“We’remorethanjustafarm,”hesaid.“We’reaboutjustice,equity,diversity,andinclusion,becauseattheendoftheday,IwantmygrandchildrentohaveitbetterthanwhatIhaveittoday.”24.WilsonstartedtheMetroAtlantaUrbanFarmmainlyto______. A.makealiving B.pursuehiscareer C.promotehealthawareness D.helpthecommunities25.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat______.A.Wilson’sfarmhasbeenaroundforover30yearsB.WilsonundertakessomeeducationalinitiativesatthefarmC.somesmallanddisadvantagedfarmersjoinedWilson’sfarmD.thousandsofstudentshaveattendedWilson’sclassesonfarming26.WhatdoesWilsonthinkofhisfarm?A.Underestimated. B.Unexpected. C.Imperfect. D.Promising.CWhenpeoplehear“artificialintelligence,”manyenvision“bigdata.”There’sareasonforthat:someofthemostimportantAIbreakthroughsinthepastdecadehavereliedonenormousdatasets.ButAIisnotonlyaboutlargedatasets,andresearchin“smalldata”approacheshasgrownextensivelyoverthepastdecade—withso-calledtransferlearningasanespeciallypromisingexample.Alsoknownas“fine-tuning,”transferlearningishelpfulinsettingswhereyouhavelittledataonthetaskofinterestbutabundantdataonarelatedproblem.Thewayitworksisthatyoufirsttrainamodelusingabigdatasetandthenretrainslightlyusingasmallerdatasetrelatedtoyourspecificproblem.Researchintransferlearningapproacheshasgrownimpressivelyoverthepast10years.InanewreportforGeorgetownUniversity’sCenterforSecurityandEmergingTechnology(CSET),weexaminedcurrentandprojectedprogressinscientificresearchacross“smalldata”approaches.Ouranalysisfoundthattransferlearningstandsoutasacategorythathasexperiencedthemostconsistentandhighestresearchgrowthonaveragesince2010.Thisgrowthhasevenoutpacedthelargerandmoreestablishedfieldofreinforcementlearning,whichinrecentyearshasattractedwidespreadattention.Smalldataapproachessuchastransferlearningoffernumerousadvantagesovermoredata-intensivemethods.ByenablingtheuseofAIwithlessdata,theycanbolsterprogressinareaswherelittleornodataexist,suchasinforecastingnaturaldisastersthatoccurrelativelyrarelyorinpredictingtheriskofdiseaseforapopulationsetthatdoesnothavedigitalhealthrecords.Anotherwayofthinkingaboutthevalueoftransferlearningisintermsofgeneralization.ArecurringchallengeintheuseofAIisthatmodelsneedto“generalize”beyondtheirtrainingdata.Becausetransferlearningmodelsworkbytransferringknowledgefromonetasktoanother,theyareveryhelpfulinimprovinggeneralizationinthenewtask,evenifonlylimiteddatawereavailable.Moreover,byusingpretrainedmodels,transferlearningcanspeeduptrainingtimeandcouldalsoreducetheamountofcomputationalresourcesneededtotrainalgorithms(算法).Thisefficiencyissignificant,consideringthattheprocessoftrainingonelargeneural(神经系统的)networkrequiresconsiderableenergy.Despitethegrowthinresearch,transferlearninghasreceivedrelativelylittlevisibility.TheexistenceoftechniquessuchastransferlearningdoesnotseemtohavereachedtheawarenessofthebroaderceofpolicymakersandbusinessleadersinpositionsofmakingimportantdecisionsaboutAIfundingandadoption.Byacknowledgingthesuccessofsmalldatatechniquesliketransferlearning—anddistributingresourcestosupporttheirwidespreaduse—wecanhelpovercomesomeofthecommonmisconceptionsregardingtheroleofdatainAIandfacilitateinnovationinnewdirections.27.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“bolster”inParagraph3probablymean?A.Promote. B.Seek.C.Track. D.Monitor.28.Inwhichofthefollowingsettingscantransferlearningbebestapplied?A.PredictingthefrequencyoffloodsinAmazonrainforest.B.Designingaprogramthatcanreadhandwrittendocuments.C.Forecastingthenumberofpeopleinfectedwithanunknownillness.D.Predictinghousepricesbasedonbasicfeatureslikeareaandlocation.29.Whatisthewriter’sattitudetowardstransferlearning?A.Doubtful. B.Optimistic. C.Critical. D.Unconcerned. 30.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.TransferLearning:WhereDoesItBestFit?B.SmallDataAreAlsoCrucialforAdvancingAIC.TransferLearningPowersTechnologicalAdvancesD.BigDatavs.SmallData:WhichIstheFutureofAI?DCanyouimaginegettingamajordentalprocedurewithoutnovocaine(一种麻醉药)?Ascientistcolleagueofminerecentlytoldme,ratherthanuseit,heuseda“focusin”meditation(冥想)techniquetodirectallofhisattentiontohismouthwithasmuchcalmingequanimityashecouldgather.Doingsotransformedthepainforafewminutes.Astreamofscientificarticlessuggeststhattherearebenefitsinturningtowarddiscomfortornegativeemotionswithacceptance.Inaddition,allofuscangainfromfindingwaystocopewithstressandsuffering—particularlywhenlargercircumstancesarebeyondourcontrol.Asaresearcherwhohasstudiedmeditationformorethan20years,Ibelievethatthecultivationofequanimitycanhelp.It’simportanttofirstdefinetheideaofturningtowarddiscomfort.I’mnotadvocatingforpeopletoputthemselvesindangerouspositions.Butwhenwepushourselvesintochallengingorembarrassingsituations,muchliketrainerswhopushathletesjustpasttheircomfortzonetomakegains,learningoftenhappens.Myownresearchindicatesthatmeditationprovidesanidealwaytopracticeturningtowarddiscomfort—particularlywhenittrainsupone’sequanimity.InmylaboratoryatCarnegieMellonUniversity,weconductedseveralclinicaltrialsondevelopingequanimityduringmindfulnessmeditationtraining.Thisapproachincludesguidedmeditationexercisessuchasusingamatter-of-factvoicetolabeluncomfortablefeelingsinthebodyorwelcominguncomfortablefeelingsbysaying“yes”aloudeachtimeafeelingisdetected.Wehired153stressedadultsandofferedthemamindfulnessmeditationtrainingprogramwithorwithouttraininginequanimity.Ourequanimityskillstraininggrouphadsignificantlybetteroutcomesonseveralmeasures.Afterjust14daysoftraining,forexample,theparticipantswholearnedequanimityskillshadsignificantlylowerbiologicalstressresponseswhenaskedtodeliveradifficultspeechandsolvemathproblemsinfrontofexpertsinwhitelabcoats.Thisgroupalsohadsignificantlylowerbloodpressureandstresslevels.Inthedaysaftertraining,peopleintroducedtoequanimityexercisesalsoreportedsignificantlyhigherpositiveemotionsandwell-beingthroughoutthedayandmoremeaningfulsocialinteractionsthanparticipantswhoreceivedmindfulnesstrainingwithouttheequanimitycomponent.Itwasasthoughdevelopingequanimityhadtransformedtheiremotionalreactivitytostress,helpingthembetterappreciateandenjoydailylife’smanylittlepositiveexperiencesandmakingthemmorecuriousandopentoconnectingwithothers.Weareexpandingonthisworkinseveralways—includingthroughthedevelopmentofanappthatoffersequanimitytrainingondemandandwithtrialsinvolvingparticipantswithstress-relatedgastrointestinal(胃肠的)disorders.Meanwhileotherscientistsarefurtherexploringequanimity’spower.Weareconvincedwecaneachbuildourresilience(恢复力)onapersonallevelbycultivatinggreateracceptanceofourexperience—goodorbad,painfulorpleasant—inthepresentmoment.31.Whatcanbelearnedaboutequanimity?A.Itisastateofmentalcalmness.B.Itisaformofnegativeemotions.C.Itisareplacementfornovocaine.D.Itistheresultofmindfulnessmeditation.32Whichofthefollowingisagoodexampleofequanimitytraining?A.Ignoringdiscomforttotally. B.Detectingunusualbehavior.C.Keepingemotionstooneself. D.Seeingnegativefeelingsobjectively.33.Paragraph5iswrittentoshow______.A.thebenefitsofdevelopingequanimityB.theprocedureofmindfulnessmeditationC.theperformancesoftwomeditationtraininggroupsD.therelationshipbetweenequanimityandwell-being34.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Stresscontributestophysicaldisorders.B.Pleasantexperiencesresultingreaterequanimity.C.Peoplearelikelytohaveeasyaccesstoequanimitytraining.D.Resiliencecanhelppeoplegainmoreacceptanceofhardship.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Wanttowritebetter?There’sanewbookthatsayssimplewritingisbest.Doyoucheckyourtextmessagesbeforesending?35Ifnot,youmightprefergettingthingsdonefast,evenifthey’renotperfect.Thisbookarguesthatit’simportanttowritecarefully,evenforquickmessages.ToddRogersandJessicaLaskyFink,fromHarvard,wrote“WritingForBusyReaders”.It’ssmartlynamedbecauseeveryone’sbusytoday.Peoplegetlotsofmessageseveryday,fromemailstotexts.36Decidingwhattoread,skim,orignorehappensmanytimesadayforalmosteveryone.Theauthorssharegoodwritingtips,likecuttingunnecessarywordsandusingsimplewordseveryoneknows.Theysayit’simportanttokeepsentencessimple.Theytestedtheideathatlessismore.Forexample,theysentanemailtothousandsofschool-boardmembersaskingthemtotakeasurvey.Theymadetheemailshorter,from127to49words,andgotdoubletheresponses(from2.7%to4.8%).37Thesameistruefortextmessages.Inanothertest,theysentashortmessageaskingparentstotakeasurvey.Itgotmoreresponsesthanalonger,moresympatheticone.Sometimes,beingshortandclearworksbetterthanbeingkindbutignored.It’snotjustwhatyousay,buthowquicklyyousayitthatmatters.It’snotjustaboutwordcount.38Reducingthenumberofoptionshasthesameeffect.Short,activesentenceswithcommonwordsarebest.Frompoststoonlinereviews,followingtheserulesgetsmorelikesandshares.Seriouswritersshouldpayattentiontoo.Astudyfoundthatcompaniesusinglongsentencesandcomplicatedwordswereseenaslessmoralandtrustworthy.39Itmightbetemptingtosendmessagesquicklyandhopeforthebest.Buttakingtimetowriteforyourreadershasbenefits.Ifyousendarushedmessagethatreadersignore,it’slikeyoudidn’tsenditatall.A.Ifeveryoneisabusyreader,everyoneisabusywritertoo.B.Theycanalsogetpuzzledbysocialmediaplatforms.C.Ifyoudo,youprobablylikemakingeventhesimplestmessagesperfect.D.Theyfoundthatlongermessagesmakepeoplethinkthetaskwilltakelonger.E.Keepingmessagestooneidea,orasfewaspossible,helpsmakesurethey’reread,remembered,andactedon.F.Yourgoalistoconveyenoughpassionthatyourreadersthinktheissueinyourmessageisworthcaringabout.G.Explainingthethinkingbehindyourmessageswillallowreaderstoseethatyouknowwhatyou’retalkingabout.第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分）第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。FourColombianchildrensurvivedaplanecrashonlytobelostdeepintheAmazonrainforestforwelloveramonth.Thisishowtheysurvivedthishorrifyingsituation.It’smostpeople’snightmare:survivingaplanecrashonlytobetrappedinajunglewithnowayofcontactingtheoutsideworld.Buttheysurvived.Thechildren,aged13,nineandfour,aswellasan11-month-oldbaby,wereflyingwiththeirmotherfromtheirvillageintheAmazontovisittheirfatherinSanJosédelGuaviare.Thesingle-engineCessnaonwhichtheywereflyingexperiencedengineproblemsanddisappearedonMay1,2023.Badweatherpreventedthearmyfromfindingthecrashsitefortwoweeks,wheretheythenfoundthedeadbodiesofthreeadults,includingthechildren’smother.Howdidthesechildrensurviveconditionsthatwouldbeanunimaginablestruggleformostadults?TheyaremembersoftheHuitotoIndigenousgroupandwereraisedinthejungle.Assuch,theyhaveanintimateunderstandingoftherainforest.Theyknowwhichfruitsaresafetoeatandwhichplantsshouldbeavoided.Workingwith,ratherthanagainst,theAmazon,theysurvivedonfruitsandseeds,whilefeedingthebabywatermixedwithyuccaflourthattheyfoundontheplane.Whilethechildrengotonwiththebusinessofsurviving,theColombianarmyworkedwithIndigenousvolunteerstofindthem.After40daysofsearching,thechildrenwerefoundandtakentorecoveratamilitaryhospitalinBogota.Whilemanyaroundtheworldhavetakenthissurvivalstorytobeamiracle,otherspointoutthatitistheresultofanancientandintimateknowledgeoftherainforestthathasbeenpasseddownthroughIndigenouscommunitiesoverthegenerations.IndigenoustribeshaveacloserelationshiptotheAmazon,markedbyadeeprespectfortheforestthatprovidesthemwithshelterandnutritiousingredients.Itistheircloseconnectiontoandunderstandingoftherainfor