适用于新高考新教材天津专版2024届高考英语一轮总复习语法专题突破专题6动词的时态与语态和主谓一致课件外研版

语法专题突破专题六

动词的时态与语态和主谓一致英语增素能•精准突破[真题语境]1.(2021·天津卷)Goodevening,everybody.ProfessorKing______hislectureinamoment,butletmeintroducehimfirst.

A.delivered B.willbedeliveringC.wasdelivering D.hasbeendelivering2.(2021·天津3月卷)Currently,about35,000works______inover300roomsintheLouvre,anditwouldtakealifetimetoseeeverything.

A.weredisplaying B.aredisplayingC.werebeingdisplayed D.arebeingdisplayedBD3.(2020·天津卷)Thenumberofmedicalschoolsreached18intheearly1990sand______aroundthatleveleversince.

A.areremaining B.haveremained C.isremaining D.hasremained4.(2020·天津第一次统考)—Themachineisworkingagain!—Yes,itbrokedownyesterday,butit______.

A.hasbeenfixed B.isbeingfixedC.hadbeenfixed D.wouldbefixed5.(2019·天津卷)Itooknotesduringthemeeting,butI______achancetowritethemintoareportsofar.

A.didn'thave B.haven'thadC.hadn'thad D.won'thaveDAB6.(2018·天津卷)Mywashingmachine______thisweek,soIhavetowashmyclothesbyhand.

A.wasrepaired B.isrepairedC.isbeingrepaired D.hasbeenrepaired7.(2018·天津3月卷)IjumpedwithjoythemomentI______mydriver'slicenseinthemail.

A.receive B.receivedC.hadreceived D.wouldreceive8.(2017·天津卷)Nowadays,cycling,alongwithjoggingandswimming,______asoneofthebestall-roundformsofexercise.

A.regard B.isregardedC.areregarded D.regardsCBB9.(2017·天津3月卷)Thenumberoffirmssellingcomputersinthisregion______sinceJanuary2012.

A.aredropping B.isdroppingC.havedropped D.hasdroppedD[用法点拨]一、动词的时态(一)一般体1.一般现在时(1)表示经常性、习惯性的动作或状态,客观真理或科学事实。常与时间状语often、always、sometimes、usually、everyday/week/year等连用。(2)表示按时间表、日程表的安排尚未发生但是周而复始、循环进行的动作。ThetraintoBeijingleavesathalfpastten,sowehaveonehourtogo.去北京的火车十点半发车,我们还有一个小时呢。(3)在时间、条件、让步状语从句中以及themore...,themore...句式的第一个分句中,用现在时表将来。Ifyouworkharder,you'llsurelymakeit.如果你学习再努力点,你一定会成功的。2.一般过去时(1)指过去的情况或者所处的状态,或过去经常发生的动作。常与时间状语yesterday、lastweek/year/night、twodaysago、thedaybeforeyesterday、in1998等连用。(2)表示“刚才;刚刚”,指现在已经不再这样。Ididn'tnoticeyouwereherejustnow.我刚才没有注意到你在这儿。(3)在时间、条件和让步状语从句中,以及themore...,themore...句式的第一个分句中,用过去时表示过去将来。Evenifyouadvisedhimatthattime,hewouldn'tlisten.即使你当时给他建议,他也不会听的。3.一般将来时(1)willdo/be表示自然而然的将来或临时的打算。—Thedoorbellisringing.——门铃响了。—I'llanswerthedoor.——我去开门吧。(2)begoingtodo表示“计划”“打算”做某事或根据迹象暗示很可能会发生某事。Look!Darkcloudsaregathering.It'sgoingtorain.看!乌云聚集,马上要下雨了。(3)beabouttodo表示“立刻”要发生的事,不与具体时间状语连用,可用于was/wereabouttodo...when...(正要做……,这时……)中。Wewereabouttosetoffwhenmyphonerang.我们正要出发,我的电话响了。(4)betodo/bedoing表示计划、安排要发生的事,betodo还有“注定要发生”的意思。Theexperienceistochangehisfuturelife.这次经历注定会改变他今后的生活。They'regettingmarriednextmonth.他们打算下个月结婚。4.过去将来时从过去的某个时间点看尚未发生的动作,一般在宾语从句中使用。Hepromisedhewouldnevermakethesamemistake.他答应再也不犯同样的错误了。(二)完成体1.现在完成时(1)到目前为止已经发生的或完成的动作,并且对现在仍有影响,常与already、yet、sofar、uptonow、recently、eversince等时间状语连用。We'veraised100,000yuanfortheprojectuptonow.到目前为止,我们已经为这个项目募集了10万元了。(2)表示从过去某一时间开始,一直延续到现在的动作或状态,常与时间状语“for+时间段”或“since+时间点”连用。I'vetaughtinthisschoolsince1992/for30years.我从1992年开始就在这所学校任教/我已经在这个学校任教30年了。注意:在This/It/Thatisthefirst/second...timethat...中,that引导的定语从句用现在完成时。Thisisthesecondtimethatmyfatherhaswarnedmeofthedanger.这已经是我爸爸第二次提醒我注意这种危险了。2.现在完成进行时指一个始于过去的动作持续到现在,并且现在仍然在进行中。We'vebeendiscussingthisproblemfornearlytwohours.我们已经讨论这个问题快两个小时了。3.过去完成时(1)指到过去某一时间或动作为止已经完成的动作或发生的事情,即“过去的过去”。Theplayhadalreadystartedwhenwegottothetheatre.我们到剧场时戏剧已经开始了。(2)hope、expect、mean、intend、plan等用于过去完成时,表示过去未能实现的计划、打算或愿望。Ihadintendedtofinishthetaskyesterday,butwasoccupiedwithotherthings.我原计划昨天完成任务,但忙于别的事了。(3)用于Hardlyhadsbdonewhen...和Nosoonerhadsbdonethan...句式中,when或than后面的分句用一般过去时。NosoonerhadIgothomethanIbegantopreparefordinner.我一到家就开始做晚饭。注意:在This/That/Itwasthefirst/second...timethat...中,that引导的定语从句用过去完成时。ItwasthefirsttimeinayearandahalfthatI'dseensuchstarsfacetoface.这是一年半以来我第一次面对面看到这样的星星。4.过去完成进行时指持续到过去某时的一个动作。Thestudentshadbeentalkingloudlybythetimetheteachercamein,whichmadehimannoyed.到老师进来的时候同学们一直在大声说话,这让他很恼火。5.将来完成时指到将来某一时间点为止,已经完成的动作。Bythetimeyouarrive,we'llhavebegunthecompetition.等你到达的时候,我们将已经开始比赛了。(三)进行体1.现在进行时(1)指此时此刻正在进行的动作。常与now、atpresent等时间状语连用。Whatareyoudoingnow?你现在正在做什么?(2)表示将来的计划、

打算或安排,相当于begoingtodo。(3)用于am(is/are)always/constantlydoing中,表示一种赞赏或厌恶的感情,意为“总是/不断地……”。He'salwayshelpingothers.他总是帮助别人。YouareconstantlyinterruptingmewhenI'mspeaking.我说话时你不断地打断我。2.过去进行时(1)指过去某个时间点或时间段正在进行的动作。Theywerehavinganonlineartclassateightyesterdaymorning.昨天上午八点他们在上在线艺术课。(2)表示过去的计划、打算或安排。(3)用于was(were)always/constantlydoing中,表示一种赞赏或厌恶的感情,意为“总是/不断地……”。WhenIwasyoung,mymotherwasalwaysencouragingmetotry.我小的时候,妈妈总是鼓励我去尝试。3.将来进行时指在将来某时将正在进行的动作。We'llbetravellingacrossChinanextsummervacation.明年暑假我们将去中国旅游。二、动词的语态(一)几种常用时态的被动语态结构:1.一般现在时:am/is/aredone2.一般过去时:was/weredone3.一般将来时:will/shallbedone4.现在进行时:am/is/arebeingdone5.过去进行时:was/werebeingdone6.现在完成时:have/hasbeendone7.过去完成时:hadbeendone8.将来完成时:willhavebeendone(二)主动形式表示被动含义1.系动词look、sound、smell、taste、feel、go、become、turn、fall、appear、seem、get、grow、keep、stay、remain后接形容词或名词,构成系表结构,不用被动形式。Youshouldstaycalmwhenyou'reindanger.遇到危险时你要保持冷静。2.有些动词用来描述主语性质、特征时,用主动形式表示被动含义,此时常有副词修饰。Thesentencereadssmoothly.这个句子读起来很顺畅。Thiskindofmaterialdoesn'twasheasily.这种料子不容易清洗。三、主谓一致(一)基本规则:主语为复数名词或表示复数意义的代词时,句子谓语动词用复数,即动词原形;主语为单数可数名词,不可数名词或表示单数概念的代词时,谓语动词用第三人称单数。(二)几种主谓一致的特殊情况1.下列情况下谓语动词用单数。(1)and连接两个单数名词,表示同一人或物时;Thesingeranddanceristoattendourparty.(2)every...andevery.../each...andeach.../no...andno.../manya...and(manya)...;Everyboyandeverygirlishere.Manyateacherand(manya)studenthasseenthefilm.(3)单数名词+with、alongwith、togetherwith、aswellas、ratherthan、but、except;Tomaswellastwoofhisfriendswasinvitedtotheparty.(4)表示时间、重量、距离、价格、体积等名词的复数作主语时;20,000dollarsisalargesumofmoney.(5)manya/morethanone+名词单数。Manyapageinthisbookismissing.Morethanonestudenthasfailedtheexam.2or...、either...or...、neither...nor...、not...but...、notonly...butalso...连接两个并列成分作主语时,根据就近原则确定谓语动词。NeitherInorheisinfavourofhermarriage.EitheryouorIamgoingtobeinchargeofthismatter.3.集体名词family、class、team、group、audience、committee等作主语时,强调整体时,谓语动词用单数;强调各成员时,谓语动词用复数。Ourfamilyisabigone.Thecrewarewatchingnews.4.trousers、pants、jeans、shorts、glasses等作主语时,谓语动词用复数,但apair/pieceof+trousers/pants/glasses、jeans/shorts等作主语,谓语动词用单数。5.people、police、cattle、poultry、clothes等集体名词作主语,谓语动词用复数。6.anumberof+复数名词作主语,谓语动词用复数;thenumberof+复数名词,谓语动词用单数。Anumberofstudentsarefromthesouth.Thenumberofstudentsfromthenorthissmall.7.aquantityof+复数名词/不可数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数;quantitiesof+复数名词/不可数名词作主语,谓语动词用复数。Alargequantityofbookshasbeenbought.Greatquantitiesoffishwerecaught.8.therest/following/分数/百分数接复数名词作主语,谓语动词用复数;接不可数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数。9.themajorityof+复数名词作主语,谓语动词用复数;themajority作主语,谓语动词单复数都可以。Themajorityofboyslikebasketball.Themajoritywas/wereinfavorofbanningsmoking.10.非谓语动词作主语(todo/doing)时,谓语动词一般用单数。Gettingupearlyisagoodhabit.11.What引导的名词性从句作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数,但表示复数概念时,谓语动词用复数。Whathesaidleavesmuchforustothinkabout.Whatheleftmearesomeoldbooks.12.两个单数名词或不可数名词用and连接,表示两个不同概念作主语时,谓语动词用复数。Steamandicearedifferentformsofwater.TomandJackwereclosefriends.测效果·课堂评价一、练基础:单项填空1.(2022·天津新华中学高三统练)A

Midsummer

Night's

Dream______attheTheatreRoyalon19thJune,andthentoursthroughoutScotland.

A.opens B.isopenedC.willopen D.willbeopened2.(2022·天津新华中学高三统练)—Howareyoudoingwiththejobhunting?—I'mstillhesitatingwhethertoacceptthepositionI______atthejobfair.

A.hadbeenoffered B.wasofferedC.offered D.hadoffered3.(2022·天津河东高三一模)Thisamusementparkwithalltheexcitingridesandotherfunactivities______alsohometooutdoorconcertseverysummer.

A.are B.havebeen

C.is

D.hasbeenABC4.(2022·天津河东高三一模)Becausesociety______sorapidlyduringthelastfewyears,thegapbetweenthegenerationshasbecomelarger.

A.hasbeenchanging B.changedC.hadchanged D.waschanged5.(2022·天津河西一模)Onthelastdayoftheirweek-longstay,John,aswellashisfriends,______toattendaprivateconcertonabeautifulfarmontheNorthShoreunderthestars.

A.invited B.wasinvitedC.wereinvited D.hadbeeninvitedAB6.(2022·天津河西一模)I'msureyou'lldowellintheexambecauseyou______sohardthisyear.

A.studied B.hadstudiedC.havebeenstudying D.hadbeenstudying7.Withthedevelopmentofscience,morenewtechnology______tothefieldsofIT.

A.hasintroduced B.isbeingintroducedC.isintroduced D.wasintroducedCB8.(2022·天津和平高三一检)—WhyIdidn'tseeyouatJim'sbirthdaypartylastnight?—I______acallfrommyboss,tellingmetodosomeextrapaperwork.

A.havereceived B.wouldreceiveC.hadreceived D.received9.(2022·天津滨海重点学校高三一模)Mysistergraduatedfromuniversityin2017and______inabankeversince.

A.worked B.hasbeenworkedC.hasbeenworking D.hadworkedCC10.(2021·天津南开一模)Afterseveralhoursofdiscussion,I______himintoacceptingtheproject.

A.persuaded B.wouldhavepersuadedC.waspersuading D.hadpersuaded11.(2021·天津和平一模)Excuseme,madam.Ellen,ajournalistfromtheDaily

Mail______allday.Couldyouspeaktohernow?

A.wasphoned B.hasbeenphonedC.isphoning D.hasbeenphoningAD12.(2021·天津和平二模)—Hi,I'mPeter.Areyounewhere?Ihaven'tseenyouaround.—Hello,Peter.I'mBob.Ijust______onMonday.

A.start B.startedC.havestarted D.hadstarted13.(2021·天津南开二模)Bruce______intheofficeeverynightoverthelasttwoweeks.

A.works B.workedC.hasbeenworking D.hadbeenworkingBC14.(2021·天津红桥一模)Inthenearfuture,moreadvancesintherobottechnology______byscientists.

A.aremaking B.aremadeC.willmake D.willbemade15.(2021·天津南开一模)ProfessorJohnson,alongwithhisstudents,______ontheprogramdayandnighttomeetthedeadlinenowadays.

A.wereworking B.areworkingC.wasworking D.isworkingDD16.(2021·天津河西二模)IknowsomethingaboutCharlie,forhe______inmybrother'scompanyforthreemonthslastyear.

A.hadworked B.workedC.hadbeenworking D.wouldwork17.(2021·天津河东一模)Thenumberofpeopleintheworld______about7.5billion,andthuslargequantitiesofwaste______eachyear.

A.totals;hasbeenproduced B.total;isproducedC.totals;areproduced D.total;arebeingproducedBC18.(2021·天津南开二模)Thefirstpartofhisspeechcaughtmyattention,buttherest______ratherdull.

A.was B.areC.is D.were19.—Youknowquitealotaboutthenewmovie.—Well,Anna______ittomeduringbreak.

A.introduces B.introducedC.hadintroduced D.willintroduce20.Theship______just______theferryterminalwhenthefirewasdetectedintheengineroomandreturnedsoon.

A.is;leaving B.has;leftC.have;left D.had;leftABD21.Don'tworry.Thehardworkthatyoudonow______laterinlife.

A.willberepaid B.wasbeingrepaidC.hasbeenrepaid D.wasrepaid22.Deletetheshortmessageatonce!Manyaman______bysuchtricksuptonow.

A.arecheated B.ischeatedC.havebeencheated D.hasbeencheated23.Mr.White,who______inShanghaiforsevenyears,isamanagerofacompanyinBeijing.

A.wasworking B.workedC.hadworked D.hasworkedADB二、练语篇:完形填空The

Homeless

HeroFormany,findinganunattendedwalletfilledwith￡400incashwouldbeasource(来源)oftemptation(诱惑).Butthe

1

wouldnodoubtbegreaterifyouwerelivingonthestreetswithlittlefoodandmoney.AllofthismakestheactionsofthehomelessTomSmith

2

moreremarkable.

Afterspottinga

3

onthefrontseatinsideaparkedcarwithitswindowdown,hestoodguardintherainforabouttwohourswaitingforthe

4

toreturn.

Afterhoursinthecoldandwet,he

5

insideandpulledthewalletouthopingtofindsomeIDsohecouldcontact(联系)thedriver,onlyto

6

itcontained￡400innotes,withanother￡50insparechangebesideit.

Hethentookthewallettoanearbypolicestationafter

7

anotebehindtolettheownerknowitwassafe.Whenthecar'sownerJohnAndersonandhiscolleagueCarolLawrencereturnedtothecar—whichwasitselfworth￡35,000—inGlasgowcitycentre,theywere

8

tofindtwopolicemenstandingnexttoit.ThepolicementoldthemwhatMr.Smithdidandthatthewalletwas

9

.

ThepairwerelaterabletothankMr.Smithforhis

10

.

Mr.Andersonsaid:“Icouldn'tbelievethattheguynevertookapenny.Tothinkheissleepingonthestreetstonight

11

hecouldhavestolenthemoneyandpaidforaplacetostayin.Thisguyhasnothingand

12

hedidn'ttakethewalletforhimself;hethoughtaboutothers

13

.It'sunbelievable.Itjustprovesthereare

14

guysoutthere.”

Mr.Smith'sact

15

muchofthepublic'sattention.HealsowonpraisefromsocialmediausersafterMr.Anderson

16

abouttheactofkindnessonMeta.

NowMr.Andersonhassetupanonlinecampaignto

17

moneyforMr.Smithandotherhomelesspeopleinthearea,whichbyyesterdayhadreceived￡8,000.“Ithinkthefaiththateveryonehasshown

18

himhastouchedhim.Peoplehavebeenapproachinghiminthestreet;he'shadjob

19

andallsorts,”Mr.Andersoncommented.

ForMr.Smith,thisisapossiblelife-changing

20

.Thestoryonceagaintellsusthatonegoodturndeservesanother.

1.A.hope B.aim C.urge

D.effort2.A.still B.even C.ever D.once3.A.wallet B.bag C.box

D.parcel4.A.partner B.colleague C.owner D.policeman5.A.turned B.hid C.stepped D.reached6.A.discover B.collect C.check D.believe7.A.taking B.leaving C.reading D.writing8.A.satisfied B.excited C.amused D.shocked9.A.safe B.missing C.found D.seen10.A.service B.support C.kindness D.encouragement11.A.when B.if C.where

D.because12.A.rather B.yet C.already D.just13.A.too B.though C.again D.instead14.A.honest B.polite C.rich D.generous15.A.gave B.paid C.cast

D.drew16.A.learned B.posted C.cared D.heard17.A.borrow B.raise C.save D.earn18.A.of B.at

C.for

D.in19.A.details B.changes C.offers D.applications20.A.lesson B.adventure C.chance D.challenge答案与解析1.C

解析:上文提到,对许多人来说,一个无人看管的装有400英镑的钱包无疑是一种诱惑,结合But的转折可知,如果你是一个几乎没有什么钱和食物并露宿街头的人,这种诱惑带来的“冲动(urge)”无疑会更大,故选C项。2.B

解析:结合上文提到的人们通常对于诱惑有一种渴望可知,这使得无家可归的汤姆的行为“更加(even)”引人注目,故选B项。3.A

解析:根据第三段中的“After

hours

in

the

cold

and

wet,he

inside

and

p