2024年高考英语一轮复习第15讲形容词和副词的比较等级（核心考点）（原卷版）

第15讲形容词和副词的比较等级（核心考点精讲精练）1.三年真题形容词和副词的比较等级考点细目表时间卷次语法填空/短文改错/单项选择2023年新高考I卷语法填空:/新高考=2\*ROMANII卷语法填空:/全国甲卷语法填空:/短文改错：/全国乙卷语法填空:/短文改错：/北京卷语法填空:/浙江卷(1月)语法填空:/(6月)语法填空:/天津卷单项选择：2022年新高考I卷语法填空:/新高考=2\*ROMANII卷语法填空:/全国甲卷语法填空:__highest_______(high)短文改错：/全国乙卷语法填空:____largest_____(large)短文改错：/北京卷语法填空:____19worse____(bad)浙江卷(1月)语法填空:/(6月)语法填空:/天津卷单项选择：/2021年新高考I卷语法填空:/新高考=2\*ROMANII卷语法填空:/全国甲卷语法填空:

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better

(good)短文改错：/全国乙卷语法填空:/短文改错：/北京卷语法填空:/浙江卷(1月)语法填空:

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lower

(low)(6月)语法填空:

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(small)天津卷单项选择:/（第二次）单项选择:/2.命题规律及备考策略【命题规律】近3年对于形容词和副词的比较等级主要考查：给出形容词和副词提示词，考查形容词和副词的比较级；形容词和副词的比较级句型。【备考策略】掌握形容词、副词比较级和最高级的规则变化和不规则变化；掌握修饰比较级和最高级的标志词和相关句式。【命题预测】语法填空对形容词和副词的比较等级考查仍然会成为高考的重点，主要集中在考查形容词和副词的比较等级形式与比较级固定句型的用法。考点一形容词、副词比较级和最高级一、形容词、副词比较级和最高级的构成规则规则变化构成法原级比较级最高级单音节词末一般直接加­er和­estgreatgreatergreatest单音节词以­e结尾，只加­r和­stbravewidebraverwiderbravestwidest闭音节单音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母，需先双写这个辅音字母，再加­er和­estbighotbiggerhotterbiggesthottest以辅音字母加­y结尾的词，先变­y为­i，再加­er和­esthappyhappierhappiest多音节词和少数双音节词在前面加more和mostdifficultexpensivemoredifficultmoreexpensivemostdifficultmostexpensive少数以­er，­ow结尾的双音节词，加­er和­estclevercleverercleverestnarrownarrowernarrowest有少数几个双音节形容词，既可以加­er和­est，又可以加more和most构成比较级和最高级。这些双音节词是：mon,handsome,polite,quiet,wicked,pleasant,cruel,stupid,tired和以­ow，­er结尾的词。有些形容词没有程度可分，或形容词本身就表示某种程度，因此没有比较级和最高级。这类形容词有：right(正确的)，wrong(错误的)，excellent(优秀的)，possible(可能的)，empty(空的)，favorite(最爱的)，perfect(完美的)等。不规则变化原级比较级最高级good,wellbetterbestbad,illworseworstmany,much许多的moremostlittlelessleastfarfarther距离远的farthest距离最远farfurther距离更远；程度更胜furthest距离最远；程度最深oldolder/elderoldest/eldestelder不能与than连用，只能用作定语修饰名词，仅用于同辈之间的排行，即家庭成员的长幼关系，如：eldersister(姐姐)，elderbrother(哥哥)二、比较级、最高级标志词和相关句式一比较级和最高级的标志词修饰形容词/副词比较级的词有：rather，much，still，even，far，byfar(后置)，alot，alittle，agreatdeal，abit,any等。Thestudentsstudyevenharderthanbefore.学生们甚至比以前学习更努力了。ThebookisfarmoreinterestingthanthebooksIhaveeverread.这本书比我以前读的书有趣多了。最高级可用byfar，almost，nearly，oneof及序数词修饰，表示程度或顺序。ThebridgebeingbuiltnowisbyfarthelongestacrosstheYellowRiver.目前正在建的那座桥是横跨黄河之上的桥当中最长的。比较级+than...(比......更......)Herisesearlierthananyoneelseinhisclass.他比班里其他人都起得早。less+than多音节或某些双音节的形容词或副词+than...(不如......)Thisbookislessamusingthanthatone.这本书不如那本书有趣。the+比较级+of(两者中更......的)Heisthetallerofthetwoboys.他是两个男孩中较高的。the+比较级+主语+谓语，the+比较级+主语+谓语（越......就越......）Themorecarefulyouare,thefewermistakesyou’llmake.你越认真，犯的错误就越少。the+最高级，副词最高级前通常不用the.OfallthemobilephonesIlikethisonebest.在所有中，我最喜欢这个。（7）“形容词/副词比较级＋and＋形容词/副词比较级”表示“越来越……”在“比较级＋and＋比较级”结构中，单音节形容词或副词用“形容词/副词­er＋and＋形容词/副词­er”结构，多音节形容词和副词常用“moreandmore＋形容词或副词原级”结构。Thingsaregettingbetterandbetterdaybyday.情况正在一天天好起来。It'sbeingmoreandmoredifficulttofindarewardingjob.找一份令人满意的工作越来越困难了。（8）否定词与比较级连用表示最高级Ihaveneverheardabettervoice.我从来没有听过比这更好听的声音。类似用法的结构：can't/couldn't...too＋adj./adv.＝can't/couldn't...＋adj./adv.＋enough表示“无论……也不为过”。英语中有些词没有比较级，但仍可表示比较级的意思，通常与介词to连用，不与than共同使用，如：senior,junior,superior,inferior等。三、倍数表达法Ais＋倍数＋比较级＋than＋BAis＋倍数＋as＋原级＋as＋BAis＋倍数＋the＋名词(size,length,height等)＋of＋BThe＋名词(size,length,height等)＋of＋Ais＋倍数＋that＋of＋BAis＋倍数＋what引导的名词性从句①ThenewstadiumbeingbuiltforthenextAsianGameswillbethreetimesasbigasthepresentone.为迎接下一届亚运会而正在修建的体育场将是现在的三倍大。②Smokingisharmfultopeople'shealth，killingseventimesmorepeopleeachyearthantrafficaccidents.吸烟有害健康，每年因抽烟而丧命的人是死于交通事故的7倍多。③Thenewlybroadenedsquareisfourtimesthesizeofthepreviousone.新扩建的广场是未扩建时的4倍大。④Thepriceistentimeswhatitnormallyisandtotallybeyondthereachofordinarypeople.这个价格是平时的10倍，一般人根本买不起。（2023·1月新高考浙江卷语法填空）Fartherfromthecenterlivedthemonersandlaborers.Theirsiheyuanwerefarsmallerinscaleand________(simple)indesignanddecoration,andthehutongswerenarrower.1.【2023届湖南省长沙市湖南师范大学附属中学高三下学期模拟】IowebigthankstoBaduajinsinceitgivesmeamuch39(healthy)lifestyle,”ayoungnetizenmentedbelowthevideo.2.【2022届广东省高三综合能力测试（三）】TheShenzhou13crewexitedthereturncapsuleonehourand10minutesaftertheirtouchdown,64(fast)thanthatforShenzhou12crewwhichtookonehourand40minutes.3.【2023届广西南宁市高三上学期毕业班摸底】AfterAutumnEquinox,thelocationofdirectsunlightmovestothesouth,makingdaysshorterandnights___65___(long)inthenorthernhemisphere(半球).InancientChina,peoplethrewarrowsintopotstoweleAutumnEquinox.过关检测(2023届湖北省圆创联考高三下学期五月联合测评试题)Wordsbeefilledwithmeaningforusbyexperience;andthe____64____(long)welive,themorecertainwordsrecalltousthehappyandsadeventsofourpast;andthemorewereadandlearn,themorethenumberofwordsthatmean....2．(2023·山西省太原市高三模拟二)Norwegians,bytheway,alwayseattheskinofthefish,whichtheysayisthe________(tasty)ofall.3．（2023·安徽省蚌埠市第一次教学质量检查）TheperiodofhotdaysafterStartofAutumn,usuallylastingfor30days,iscalled“AutumnTiger"or“IndianSummer".Becauseofdecreasingrainfall,itiseven________（hot）duringthisperiodthanduringMajorHeat.4.【江苏省苏州市20222023学年高三上学期期中调研】OnAutumnEquinoxday,therearethousandsofpeopleintheworldtryingtomakeeggsstandonend.Accordingtoexperts,ontheSpringEquinoxandAutumnEquinox,theearth’saxis(轴),onits66.5degreetilt,isinarelativebalanceofpowerwiththeearth’sorbitaroundthesun.Thusitisan____45____(easy)timeforpeopletopracticethegame.5.（2023·江苏省连云港市调研）______(early),sealcarvingwasacplishedonlybyworkers.DuringtheSongDynasty,scholarsandartistsbegantogetinvolvedinit.Theybinedsealcarvingwithcalligraphyandpainting,

makingthistraditionalartmorepopularinChina.6.（2023届四川省绵阳市高三上学期一诊试题）Thespacelab,whichweighs23tonsandis17.9meterstall,isthecountry’slargestand______(heavy)spacecrafttodate.7.（2023届哈尔滨师范大学附属中学高三第三次模拟考试）WhethertheyouthinChinaorGenZers(Z世代人)abroad,theyarejumpingonthefashionwagon.JongMayisoneofthemandtherisehasbroughtherdreamwithinmuch________(easy)reach.8.（2023届山东省齐鲁名校大联盟高三下学期三模试题）Beccasaid.InIndia,whichhadthe________(high)participationoutsidetheUSlastyear,tensofthousandsofpeoplesubmittedbirdchecklists.9．(2023·山东省济宁市高三检测)Mid­AutumnFestivalisoneof________(important)festivalsinChinesecalendar.10.（2023·江苏省扬州市高邮市第一中学等2校联考）Thesuccessfulapplicationcanfurtherhelpimprovetea’sinfluenceglobally.Itwillnotonlypromotemorerespectforculturaldiversityandhumancreativitybutalsowillencouragepeopletopursue________(healthy)lifestylesbyintegratingteacultureintotheirdailylives.11.（2023·江苏省淮安市高中校协作体期中）A2009studyfoundthatpeopleare“far________(little)willingtokeepmanychoicesopen”whensomehavebiggerrewardsthanothers.12.Inthefinalofthemen’s100metersprintatthisyear’sTokyoOlympicGames，LamontMarcelJacobsran（the）_________（fast）ofall.真题演练2023年【2023年浙江卷1月】Theirsiheyuanwerefarsmallerinscaleand____62____(simple)indesignanddecoration,andthehutongswerenarrower.2022年1.【2022全国甲卷...andin2016,hereachedthetopofKilimanjaro,Africa’s_________(high)mountain.2.【2022全国乙卷】“AsamainpromoteroftheInternationalTeaDay,thebirthplaceofteaandthe_________(large)teaproducingcountry,Chinahasaresponsibilitytoworkwithothercountriestopromotethehealthydevelopmentoftheteaindustry.3.【2022年北京卷】Moretakeoutandmorefooddeliveryequalmorewaste,especiallyplasticwaste.Thatincludescups,bottles,andbags,mostof____18____areonlygoodforoneuse.That’sabigproblemanditisgettingeven____19____(bad).2021年1.【2021全国甲卷】Afterspendingsometimelookingatallthedefensiveequipmentatthewall,wedecideditwastimeforsomeactionandwhat

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(good)thantorideonapieceofhistory!2.【2021.6浙江卷】Whenthehousewasbuilt,itwasmuch

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(small)