海工建造规范培训DNV建造标准C401中文版

DNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingof

OffshoreStructures”DNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructuresThisiswhat’sallabout15/05/20242VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructuresCoursePurpose.

培训目的TogiveabriefoverviewofDNVoffshorestandards.介绍DNV海工标准TogivebasicknowledgeoffabricationstandardOSC-401介绍海工建造标准OSC-401的基础知识15/05/20243VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructuresDNV’sROLEINOFFSHORECLASSIFICATIONDETNORSKEVERITAS(DNV)isanautonomousandindependentfoundationwiththeobjectivesofsafeguardinglife,propertyandtheenvironment,atseaandonshore.DETNORSKEVERITAS(简称DNV)是一家独立的公司。致力于在海上或海岸上保护工作人员的生命，公共财产及设备的安全和对环境进行保护。DNVundertakesclassification,certification,andotherverificationandconsultancyservicesrelatingtoqualityofships,offshoreunitsandinstallations,andonshoreindustriesworldwide,andcarriesoutresearchinrelationtothesefunctions.DNV提供在下列领域内为客户提供分级、验证、认证和咨询服务：造船、海工部件和安装、海岸工程以及在这些相关领域的专业研究。15/05/20244VersionOffshoreStandards

海工标准包括：DNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructures”A:QualityandSafetyMethodology

质量和安全控制方法B:MaterialsTechnology材料技术C:Structures结构D:Systems系统E:SpecialFacilities特殊设备F:PipelinesandRisers安装管道和竖管ABCDEF15/05/20245VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructuresOffshoreStandards.海工标准ProvidetechnicalprovisionsandacceptancecriteriaforgeneralusebytheoffshoreindustryaswellasthetechnicalbasisforDNVoffshoreservices.海工标准为海工建造提供技术条款和可接受的标准15/05/20246VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructuresRecommendedPractices.

ProvideproventechnologyandsoundengineeringpracticeaswellasguidanceforthehigherlevelOffshoreServiceSpecificationsandOffshoreStandards.提供技术和录音实例以及提供高水平的海工服务规格和海工标准指南。15/05/20247VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructuresDNVOffshoreCodesareofferedwithinthefollowingareas:A)Qualification,QualityandSafetyMethodology

资格、品质和安全控制方法B)MaterialsTechnology

材料技术C)Structures

结构D)Systems

系统E)SpecialFacilities特殊设备F)PipelinesandRisers

安装管道和竖管G)AssetOperation

资产管理H)MarineOperations

海工运营15/05/20248VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructures”DifferenceShipRulesversusOffshorerules船舶规范与海工规范不同的原因RulesforOffshoreprojectsareinsomeareasquitedifferentfromthetraditionalShipRules,duetolongtimeonlocationwithnoorlimitedpossibilitiesleavethelocation.(>20–25yearsservicetime)海工产品必须在海上持续工作20－25年船舶可以进坞进行检验（中间检验、特检）15/05/20249VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructures”Someimportantaspects:几个重要方面Structuralintegrityandstrength(Loadsbasedonenvironmentalconditionsonactuallocation)结构形式和强度（载荷根据工作地点的实际环境）AccidentalloadstobeincludedinDesignLoads(DAL)设计载荷还考虑到可能受到的意外载荷Fatigue(attentiontodetails)疲劳问题Maintenance保养维修Corrosionprotection防腐Inserviceinspection(Accessetc.shouldbeplannedandprovidedduringnewbuildingphase)使用过程中的检验IncreasedreliabilityofMarinesystems,utilitysystemsandequipment.提高各种系统和设备、设施的可靠性Safetysystems(Fire,explosion,abandoninstallationetc.)防火、防爆、逃生等安全系统Shelfstaterequirementstoaccommodationandworkingenvironment当地的居住和工作环境要求15/05/202410VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructures”DNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructures”DNV-OS-C401海工结构建造和试验CH.1INTRODUCTION介绍CH.2TECHNICALPROVISIONS技术条款CH.3CERTIFICATIONANDCLASSIFICATION验证与入级15/05/202411VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructures”

CH.1INTRODUCTIONA200Objective201Theobjectivesofthisstandardareto:Provideaninternationallyacceptablestandardtoensurethequalityofallweldingoperationsusedinoffshorefabrication,throughidentifyingappropriateweldingprocedures,welderqualificationsandtestmethods.提供国际认可的标准，通过对焊接程序、焊工资格和测试方法的认证来保障海工焊接质量Serveasatechnicalreferencedocumentincontractualmattersbetweenpurchaserandcontractor.为买方和承包人就合同问题提供技术参考文件Serveasguidelinefordesigner,purchaserandcontractor为设计者、买方和承包商提供指导SpecifyminimumrequirementsforweldingoperationssubjecttoDNVcertificationandclassification.将焊接工作的要求最细化，使其符合DNV的认证和分级要求15/05/202412VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructures”Chapter2Technicalprovisions第二章：技术条款Sec.1WeldingProceduresandQualificationofWelders

焊接工艺和焊工取证Sec.2FabricationandTolerances建造与公差Sec.3Non-DestructiveTesting无损探伤Sec.4OtherTests其它试验Sec.5CorrosionProtectionSystems防腐系统Sec.6Miscellaneous其它

15/05/202413VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructures”

Sec.1WeldingProceduresandQualificationofWelders焊接工艺与焊工取证Weldingprocedures焊接工艺Pre-WeldingProcedureSpecificationtobepreparedandacceptedbypurchaser.焊接预试验工艺必须得到船东认可WPQTtobebasedonacceptedPre-WPS按照焊接预试验工艺进行焊接工艺认可试验WPSmaybebasedonpurchaseracceptedWPQTandinconformancewithanagreedqualificationscheme.焊接工艺建立在焊接工艺认可实验及其质量控制方案WPSshallreflectconditionsandequipmentusedfortheactualproductionwelding.焊接工艺须反映实际工作所使用的设备和相关条件WPSshallreflecttheworkingenvironmentfortheworkshoporsitewheretheproductionweldingwillbeperformed.焊接工艺须反映实际工作场所的工作环境SpecificrequirementstoWPQTforC-MnsteelsarefoundinOS-C401Ch.2,Sec.1,C.关于C-Mn系钢的焊接工艺与焊工资格的具体要求，详见OS-C401Ch.2,Sec.1,C.15/05/202414VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructures”AWPScanbeestablishedbyoneofthefollowingmethods:编制焊接工艺说明书的方法：Performingofweldingproceduretest(WPQT)andsubsequentreviewoftheweldingprocedurequalificationrecords(WPQR)进行焊接工艺评定试验，并对相关记录进行评定Reviewofpreviouslyqualifiedweldingprocedurestests(WPQT)whichhasbeenwitnessedbyapartyrecognizedbythepurchaser对其它船级社或其它组织认可的焊接工艺评定记录进行评定ReviewofWPS评定焊接工艺说明书Reviewandverificationofdocumentationshowingsuccessfulapplicationofweldingproceduresoveraprolongedperiodoftime.对经过长期使用后被认为是成功的焊接工艺进行评定、验证15/05/202415VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructures”

Weldersqualification焊工的评定Welderswhoareweldinginmanualorpartlymechanizedweldingprocessesshallbequalifiedinaccordancewitharecognizedstandard(E.g.EN287,ISO9609,ASMEIXorANSI/AWSD1.1)手工焊和半自动焊焊工须得到相关组织的认可Weldersusingfullymechanizedweldingorautomaticweldingprocesses,needgenerallynotpassaqualificationtest,butshallreceiveadequatetrainingforsettingandoperationofequipment.自动焊的操作人员无需进行专门的考试，但需要通过专门的培训来学会设置和操作设备15/05/202416VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructures”

Sec.2.Fabricationandtolerances.第二章建造与许可公差FabricationPlanning建造方案Asaprerequisiteforfabrication,procedures,inspectionandtestplansandworkinstructionsforexecutionandcontroloffabricationactivitiesshallbeestablished.工艺方案、检验和试验方案是执行和控制建造的先决条件ContractorsinvolvedinfabricationofstructuralmembersshallhaveadocumentedandimplementedqualitysystemaccordingtoISO9001orequivalent.承包商应该具有完善的质量体系Workmanshipshallbeinaccordancewithwrittenproceduresacceptedbythepurchaser.必须按照船东认可的工艺进行施工Allworkshallbeexecutedwithadequatecontrolbythecontractor.Repairworkshallbecarriedoutinaccordancewithwrittenproceduresacceptedbythepurchaser.所有施工过程必须有严格的控制，修补工作也必须按照认可的工艺进行15/05/202417VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructures”Faultsanddeficienciesshallbecorrectedbeforepaintingorothermeansofpermanentcovershavebeenapplied.所有错误和缺陷必须在油漆和其它东西覆盖前得到修复PriortocommencementoftheworkthecontractorshallsubmitaplanforNDT,NDTproceduresanddocumentsforNDTinspectors’certificationforacceptancebythepurchaser.Theprogrammeshallcontaininformationanddocumentsforplanning,controlling,reportingetc.AcceptancecriteriaforNDTshallbeacceptedbythepurchaseriftheyarenotspecifiedinrelevantdocuments.开工前承包商需要提供无损探伤方案，方案应包括整个过程控制和验收标准。整个方案应包括计划、控制和汇报等方面的信息和文件。如果没有特别的要求，承包商需接受NDT的验收标准。15/05/202418VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructures”Inspection.检验Tobecarriedoutinaccordancewithacceptedinspectionandtestplanscovering:检验要按照检验和试验方案进行，应包括：correctidentificationanddocumentationanduseofmaterials材料跟踪qualificationandacceptanceoffabricationproceduresandpersonnel评定施工人员资质和建造方案inspectionofpreparatorywork(assembly,fit-upformwork,reinforcementetc.)检验成型、装配、加强等准备工作weldinginspection焊接的检验inspectionoffabricationworkforcompliancewithspecificationsandprocedures确认施工人员资质以及是否按工艺施工witnessingNDT,controlandtesting跟踪无损探伤和其它试验inspectionofrepairs修补工作的检验15/05/202419VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructures”inspectionofcorrosionprotectionsystems防腐系统的检验ensurefunctionalityofexaminationortestingequipmentandofrecordingand/ormeasuringdevicesvitalforcorrectfunctioningofequipmentandmachineryusedinfabrication.确保检验设备的可靠性Dueconsiderationshallbegiventotheaccessandthetimerequiredforadequateinspectionduringfabrication.确保留有足够的检验时间和通道Highnon-conformanceratesinexecutionoftheworkorintheproductitselfshallcallforspecialconsiderations.Suchspecialconsiderationsmayinclude,butnotbelimitedto,increasedinspection,re-qualificationofpersonnelorotheragreedremedialactions.在建造过程中不按规定施工人次较多，或产品质量问题较多的情况下，需要采取增加检验、对施工人员重新评定以及其它弥补措施NOTE!!注意！！Inspectorsshallbequalifiedaccordingtoarecognizedschemeandshallbeabletoprovidedocumentationofproficiency.检验人员需要经过专门培训并得到认可15/05/202420VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructures”MaterialIdentification,CuttingandForming材料识别，切割和成型Materialidentification材料识别Atraceabilitysystemthatensurescorrectinstallationanddocumentationofthematerialgradesorstrengthclassesshallbeestablishedbythecontractorthroughouttheprefabricationandinstallationprocess.建立材料跟踪系统确保正确使用材料，记录材料：材质、等级Propercareshallbeexercisedduringhandlingandstoragetopreserveidentificationofsuchmaterial.材料识别和跟踪应贯穿下料、运输、储存等全过程15/05/202421VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructures”Cuttingandforming.Theeffectofworkhardeningshallbeconsideredifshearingisusedforcuttingofmaterial.Specialattentionshallbepaidtotheriskofcrackededges.材料剪切后边缘会产生硬化和裂纹，要特别注意Attentionshallbepaidtoexcessivelocalhardeningandcarboncontaminationsbythermalcutting.Thismaybereducedbysuitableheattreatmentorremovedbymechanicalmeans.通过热工切割可能产生的局部硬化和渗碳，可以通过热处理和机械方法消除Formingandstraighteningofmaterialsshallbeperformedaccordingtoagreedprocedures.Suchworkshallbecontrolledbythecontractor.成型和校平工艺需要得到认可，并得到有效控制Thedegreeofcolddeformationofspecialandprimarystructuralelementsshallbelessthan5%.Ifthedeformationexceeds5%,eitherheattreatmentorstrainageingtestsshallbecarriedoutaccordingtoanagreedprocedure.主体结构和特殊结构的冷变形大于5％时，要通过认可的热处理方法校正15/05/202422VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructures”Tolerances公差Allowablefabricationtolerancesshallbesubmittedtothepurchaserforacceptance.规定公差需得到船东认可Specialconsiderationsshallbegiveninprovidingproperalignmentofstructuralmembers.Allowablefabricationtolerancesshallbeestablishedonbasisofdueconsiderationtothecriticalityofthedesign.特别要注意结构对中问题ThemaximumfabricationtolerancesmaygenerallybetakenincompliancewithIACSShipbuildingandRepairQualityStandardPartASec.6andSec.7.建造工程可参照国际船级社的标准PartASec.6andSec.7NOTE!!注意StraightnessofmemberswhicharebasedonbucklingcalculationsaccordingtoDNV-RP-C201and/orDNV-RPC202shallbewithinthetolerancesgiveninTableE3.结构的直线度参照DNV-RP-C201and/orDNV-RPC202的E3表格106Alignmentsofthenon-continuousplatesincruciformjointsandbuttweldsshallbewithinthetolerancesgiveninFig.1,TableE1andTableE2.非连续构件的对中参照以下E1（非连续）,E2（连续对接）表格的标准15/05/202423VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructures”表E1表示十字接头，依次分别为：特殊结构、重要结构和次要结构的错位表E2表示对接接头，依次分别为：特殊结构、重要结构和次要结构的错位15/05/202424VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructures”15/05/202425VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructures”Assembly,Welding,HeattreatmentandRepairsAssemblyandWelding.装配和电焊Assemblyandweldingoperationsshallbecarriedoutbyqualifiedpersonnelandsupervision.装配工和电焊工都必须持证Afabricationsequenceshallbeestablishedtoensurethatthestructurecanbeassembledinamannerwhichallowsforeffectivecontrolatallstagesofwork.为了对整个工程进行有效控制，必须编制建造次序Fit-up,preparationforweldingandweldingoperationsshalltakeplaceinaccordancewithproceduresacceptedbythepurchaser.装配、焊前准备工作、焊接都必须按认可的工艺进行Theweldingsequenceshallbesuchthattheamountofshrinkage,distortionsandresidualstressesareminimized.焊接顺序要有利于焊接变形和残余应力的最小化15/05/202426VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructures”Thefit-upshallbecheckedfordimensionalaccuracybeforewelding.Surfacestobeweldedshallbefreefrommillscale,slag,rust,grease,paintetc.Edgesaretohaveasmoothanduniformsurface.Noweldingshallbeperformedwhenthesurfacesaredamp.Suitableprotectionshallbearrangedwhenweldingisperformedduringinclementweatherconditions.Thegrooveshallbedryatthetimeofwelding.焊接前必须检验装配的准确性。焊接区域必须清除氧化皮、熔渣、铁锈、油渍、油漆等。板缝必须保证平直。严禁在潮湿的板缝上焊接，焊缝必须保持干燥。天气恶劣的情况下，焊接前要采取适当的防护措施。Preheatingshallpreferablybeperformedwithelectricheatingelements.Gasburnersmaybeusedundercontrolledconditions.Cuttingtorchesshouldnotbeused.当板缝需要加热时，最好使用电加热。烘枪的使用必须在严格控制下进行。严禁使用割刀加热。Forweldsofstructuralcategoryspecial,primaryandbutt-weldsinsecondarystructuralelementsaWPSshallbeestablishedforacceptancebythepurchaser.主体结构、重要结构焊接的焊接工艺以及次要构件的对接缝的焊接工艺必须得到船东的认可。15/05/202427VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructures”Guidancenote:Theweldconnectionbetweentwocomponentsshallbeassignedthestructuralcategoryareaequaltothehighercategoryofthejoinedcomponents.Forstiffenedplatesnotclassifiedasstructuralcategoryspecial,theweldconnectionbetweenstiffenerandstringerandgirderwebtoplatemaynormallybeassignedstructuralcategorysecondary.两个构件焊接时，按照较高等级的材料的焊接要求进行。非重要构件的扶强材的焊接、平台扶强材的焊接、桁材扶强材的焊接、扶强材之间的焊接都可以按照次要构件的焊接要求进行。Tackweldingshall,whenintegratedinproductionwelding,bequalified.Forweldsspecifiedin112aWPSshallbesubmittedtothepurchaserforacceptance.定位焊作为结构焊的一部分时，点焊工或焊工必须持证。对于112项规定的焊接，焊接工艺需要得到船东的认可。Allfabricationweldingshallbeperformedwithinthelimitsofessentialvariablesofthequalifiedweldingprocedure.Thisalsoincludestackwelding,sealwelding,weldingofliftinglugsandattachmentweldsaswellasrepairwelding.所有的焊接都不能超过认可的焊接工艺范围。这包括：定位焊、盖面、吊耳和其它附件的焊接以及电焊修补工作。15/05/202428VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructures”Whenresumingweldingonpartiallyfilledjointsinspecialareas,preheatingshallbeperformedandthetemperaturewithinthespecifiedtolerances,shallifnototherwiseagreed,beequaltotheinterpasstemperaturefortheweldingpassinquestion.在多道焊焊缝未一次性焊完的情况下，继续施焊前需要按要求对焊缝进行加热。加热温度要符合规定要求或等同于同类焊缝的层间温度。Groovesproducedbygougingshallbefollowedbygrindingremovingcarbonizedmaterialandthegrooveshallbedressedtoashapeconsistentwithtolerancesinagreementwiththepurchaser.碳刨坡口要用打磨的方法去除渗碳层，坡口成型的公差范围也要得到船东的认可。Weldingconsumablesshallbeclassifiedwithrespecttostrength,applicationareaandhydrogenlevelaccordingtorecognizedscheme.焊材的使用要按照规范，符合强度、焊接位置的要求，氢含量也要符合相应的要求。15/05/202429VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructures”Recyclingoffluxesforsubmerged-arcweldingshallbeperformedinamannerthatensuresamixtureofnewandusedfluxwithcontinuallyhomogenousproperties.焊剂的回收利用以及新老焊接的混合使用要保证焊剂的纯度。Weldsshallbeterminatedinamannerthatwillensuresoundweldswithoutend-craters.Extensionbarsandrun-offplatesshallberemoveduponcompletionandcoolingoftheweld.Theendoftheweldshallbemadesmoothandflushwiththeedgesofabuttingparts.起弧和息弧分别要使用，确保两端没有弧坑，引弧板和息弧板在焊缝冷却后去除。端头电焊要光顺，与板边保持平直。121Grindingofweldswiththeintentionofincreasingthefatiguelifeand/orreducingtheprobabilityofbrittlefractureshallbecarriedoutaccordingtoagreedspecifications.用打磨的方法来提高焊缝的疲劳寿命或者消除裂纹要符合规范。15/05/202430VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructures”Storageandhandlingofweldingconsumablesshallbeinaccordancewiththemanufacturer'srecommendations,andinaccordancewithproceduresgivingdetailsregardingconditionsinstoragerooms,temperatureinstorageovensandquivers,lengthofexposureandconditions,asapplicable.焊材的使用和保存都要得到船东认可，包括：储存室的条件、烘箱、焊条筒的温度等。Weldingproductiontestsshallbemadeduringfabricationofweldsinspecialareasandinprimarystructuralelementstoverifythattheproducedweldsareofacceptablequality.Minimumonetestcouponisrequiredfromeachappliedweldingprocess.主体结构和重要结构的焊接要通过同等环境下的试验来验证其可靠性，每种结构至少做一个试验。Importantweldingoperationsshallbecarriedoutunderdailysupervisionofaninspector,whohastheexperienceandqualifications,whichenablehimtojudgethistypeofwork.Theworkofeachweldershallberegularlyexamined.重要结构焊接要有合格的人员监控。所有焊工都要接受定期检查。Theweldingshopandcontractorsshallkeepacardindexorregisterofallapprovedwelders,withallrelevantinformationregardingqualificationtests,basemetal,consumables,weldpositions,jointdesignetc.每个车间和分包商都要建立焊工目录，目录要包含：焊工通过的试验以及相应的焊材、焊接方位、接头形式等信息。15/05/202431VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructures”Repairs.修补Repairsshallbecarriedoutinaccordancewithqualifiedrepairproceduressubjecttoagreement.修补必须按认可的工艺进行。GuidancetorepairworkmaybefoundinIACSShipbuildingandrepairQualityStandard,PartASec.9andPartB.修补工作可以参考IACS的PartASec.9andPartBMembersdistortedbyweldingmaybestraightenedbymechanicalmeansorbycarefullysupervisedapplicationofalimitedamountoflocalizedheat.Theapplicationofheatormechanicalforceshallbeinaccordancewithawrittenprocedure.焊接变形的机械校正或局部火工校正必须在严格的监控下按工艺进行。Defectsinweldsmayberectifiedbygrinding,machiningorwelding.Weldsofinsufficientstrength,ductilityornotchtoughnessshallbecompletelyremovedpriortorepair.焊接缺陷可以通过打磨、机械加工或者电焊进行修补。当焊缝没有足够的强度、延伸性或缺口韧性时，整个焊缝需要清除，进行重新焊接。Themechanicalpropertiesofrepairweldshallsatisfytheminimumspecifiedpropertiesofthesteelinquestion.电焊的修补要确保结构的机械性能。15/05/202432VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructures”Repairweldinginthesameareamaybecarriedouttwice.Furtherrepairsshallbeevaluatedineachindividualcase.同一处电焊修补只能修补或返工两次，之后每一次修补前都必须进行评估确认。Wheneveradefectisremoved,thegougedandgroundareashallbeexaminedbymagneticparticletestingorothersuitablemethodstoverifycompleteremoval用碳刨或打磨清除缺陷后，要用磁粉探伤来确认缺陷已完全清除。Thepreheatingandworkingtemperatureshallwhenmakingshallowandlocalrepairsinspecialandprimarystructuralelementsberaised50ºCabovethelevelspecifiedforproductionweldingandbeatleast100ºCunlessotherwiseagreed.主要构件和重要构件在修补前需要预热，预热温度要高于规定焊前温度50度，至少要达到100度。Forplanardefectstherepairlengthoneithersideofthedefectshallbe50mmlongerthanthesizeofthedefectasconfirmedbyNDT对无损探伤发现的缺陷进行修补时，返工的长度要确保两头都要超过缺陷长度50MM。Toensuresoundrepairwelds,thesinglerepairlengthshallnotbeshorterthan50mm.任何地方的焊缝修补长度都必须大于50MM。15/05/202433VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructures”Minordiscontinuitiesmayberemovedbygrindingormachining,makingasmoothtransitionintothesurroundingmaterial.Thethicknessshallnotbereducedtolessthan93%ofthenominalthicknessbutinnocasebymorethan3mm.Theextentofsuchrepairshallbeagreedupon.部分小的缺陷可以通过打磨和机械加工来清除，清除区域要保持过渡光顺。打磨和机械加工后板厚不得低于原板厚的93%，减小的厚度不得大于3MM。超过这个范围必须得到船东、船检的认可。Allrepairsshallbere-inspectedwiththesameNDTmethodstothesameorincreasedextentasnecessary.缺陷修补后需要用相同的无损探伤方法进行重新检验。再次探伤的范围要大于前次探伤的范围。15/05/202434VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructures”Non-DestructiveTesting.无损探伤GeneralPriortocommencementoffabricationthecontractorshallsubmitaplanforNDT,NDTproceduresanddocumentsforNDTinspectors’certificationforacceptancebythepurchaser.Theprogramshallcontaininformationanddocumentsforplanning,controllingandreporting.开工前，厂方需要提交无损探伤的范围和方法，人员资质要得到船东认可。TheinspectioncategoriesshallbedefinedinaccordancewithDNV-OS-C101Sec.4orDNV-OS-C201Sec4andshallbespecifiedinrelevantdesigndrawings.检验范围要符合DNV-OS-C101Sec.4或DNV-OS-C201Sec4的规定。WeldsshallbesubjecttoNDTinprogresswithfabrication.Theresultsoftheseactivitiesshallbeconsecutivelyreportedtothepurchaser.建造过程中的无损探伤结果须及时提交船东。15/05/202435VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructures”MethodsofNDTshallbechosenwithdueregardtotheconditionsincludingthesensitivityofthemethodandthemethod’sabilitytodetectdefectslikelytooccurasaconsequenceofthechosenweldingprocess.针对不同的焊接程序应该采用不同的无损探伤形式，确保探伤的准确性。FinalinspectionandNDTofstructuralsteelweldsshallnotbecarriedoutbefore48hoursaftercompletion,exceptwherePWHT（POST-WELDHEATTREATMENT）isrequired.ThetimedelaymayuponagreementbereducedforNV36gradesorlowerandforNV420gradesorlowerforplatethicknesseslessthan40mm,ifconsistentlowfailurerateofdelayedcrackinghasbeendocumentedforthematerialsandweldingconsumablesinquestion.除经过热处理的结构外，其它焊缝的检验和无损探伤应在焊接完成48小时后进行。对于级别低于NV36（包括NV36）和板厚小于40MM的NV42的材料焊接，如果连续的记录表明产生延迟裂纹的概率很低，则经过船东、船检同意，检验和无损探伤的开始时间可以少于48小时。15/05/202436VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructures”Whenheattreatmentisperformed,thefinalNDTshallbecarriedoutwhenallheattreatmentshavebeencompleted.

如果需要进行热处理，无损探伤应该安排在所有热处理完成后进行。Allweldsshallbe100%visuallyinspectedpriortocarryingoutNDT.无损探伤前焊缝应进行100%外观检验。AllNDTshallbeproperlydocumentedinsuchawaythattheperformedexaminationcanbeduplicated.Thereportsshallidentifythedefectspresentintheweldareaandstateiftheweldsatisfiestheacceptancecriteriaornot.所有无损探伤必须记录全面，确保可以按照同样的方式重做。报告要指明缺陷所在位置以及是否符合规范要求。15/05/202437VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructures”NDTProcedures无损探伤的程序NDTshallbeperformedinaccordancewithagreedwrittenproceduresthat,asaminimum,givedetailedinformationonthefollowingaspects:无损探伤应按照书面的程序进行，应包括以下几个方面：applicablecodeorstandard使用的代号和标准materialsanddimensions材料和尺寸weldingprocess焊接程序jointconfigurationanddimensions接头形式与尺寸Technique探伤方法equipment,mainandauxiliary主要的和辅助设备Sensitivity灵敏度15/05/202438VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructures”calibrationtechniquesandcalibrationreferences校准技术和校准基准testingparametersandvariables试验参数和范围assessmentofimperfections准确性的评价reportinganddocumentationofresults结果的报告与存档referencetoapplicableweldingprocedure(s)关于适用的焊接工艺personnelqualification人员资质acceptancecriteria.接受标准15/05/202439VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructures”Personnelqualification无损探伤检验人员资质PersonnelperformingNDTandinterpretationofexaminationresultsshallbecertifiedaccordingtoarecognizedcertificationschemesubjecttoagreementandshallprovideavalidcertificateofproficiency.Thecertificateshallstatethequalificationsastowhichexaminationmethodandwithinwhichcategorytheoperatorisqualified.进行无损探伤的职工和其检验结果都必须符合合同中规定的验证标准，且须提供有效的级别证书。此证书须注明其具有运用何种检验方法的资格和操作人员的能力范围。NOTE!!ThisrequirementisalsovalidforVisualinspectorsasvisualinspectionisthefirst,andmaybethemostimportantstepofNDTinspection此要求对视察员同样有效。因为视察时第一位，同时也是作重要的步骤。15/05/202440VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructures”ExtentofNDT无损探伤的范围ExtentofNDTshallbebasedontypeandlevelofdesignstressesandontheimportanceoftheconnectioninquestion.Theweldsshallbeassignedinspectioncategoriesequaltothehigheststructuralcategoryofthetwocomponents.无损探伤的范围主要根据结构的重要性和设计应力来确定。两个构件的焊接检验应该按照高级别构件的检验标准来进行检验。Forstiffenedplates,whicharenotassignedInspectioncategoryI,theweldconnectionbetweenstiffenerandstringerandgirderwebtotheplatemaynormallybeinspectedaccordingtoInspectionCategoryIII.非重要构件的扶强材与扶强材的对接、扶强材与平台或桁材的焊接通常可以按照三类的标准进行检验。Radiographicexaminationmaybereplacedbyultrasonicexaminationandviceversa,whenmethodologicallyjustifiableandinagreementwiththepurchaser.在能达到同等效果的情况下，经过船东同意，拍片和超声波探伤可以互换。FrequentrepairsshallresultinincreasedextentofNDT.返工越多，无损探伤的范围应越大。15/05/202441VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructures”NDTshallnormallybecarriedouttoanextentnotlessthanrequiredinTableB1.无损探伤的范围不得小于以下B1表的要求。15/05/202442VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructures”AcceptancecriteriaforNDT15/05/202443VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructures”15/05/202444VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructures”t代表金属板厚度总体要求：焊接需保证形状和尺寸正确无误。焊接应按标准程序完成并且焊接处与部件有效结合。凹槽处焊接需进行轻微的或最小程度的加固，或进行根部渗透，但不要超过3毫米。脚缝焊表面须轻微凸起或凹陷，或者保持平面与底角平齐。15/05/202445VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructures”1)如果相同的缺陷（气孔或夹渣）之间的距离小于其中最大的一个缺陷的长度，可以考虑其是否为一个连续的缺陷。如果过多的气孔或夹渣掩盖