上外Unit11-A第六册-英语综合教程-外教社省公开课金奖全国赛课一等奖微课获奖课件

Unit11HowtoGrowOld

TextExplanationPartI11/42AbouttheAuthorBertrandArthurWilliamRussell,(1872-1970)Britishphilosopher,logician,mathematician,historian,socialist,pacifist,atheistandsocialcritic.Hewasaprominentanti-waractivist,championingfreetradebetweennationsandanti-imperialismIn1950,hewasawardedtheNobelPrizeinLiterature,"inrecognitionofhisvariedandsignificantwritingsinwhichhechampionshumanitarianidealsandfreedomofthought.22/42TextStructureSection1:

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Paragraph633/42TextAnalysisThisisoneoftheessaysinBertrandRussell'sPortraitsfromMemory,whichwaspublishedin1956.Asindicatedattheverybeginning,theessaydealswiththeissueofaging.Inalightandhumorousstyle,theauthorturnsthissocialissueintoapersonaldiscussionontwotopics:Howtokeeponeselfpsychologicallyyoungandhowtoperceivedeathinone'soldage.44/42Paragraph1Part1Inspiteofthetitle,thisarticlewillreallybeonhownottogrowold,which,atmytimeoflife,isamuchmoreimportantsubject.Myfirstadvicewouldbetochooseyourancestorscarefully.Althoughbothmyparentsdiedyoung,Ihavedonewellinthisrespectasregardsmyotherancestors.Mymaternalgrandfather,itistrue,wascutoffintheflowerofhisyouthattheageofsixty-seven,butmyotherthreegrandparentsalllivedtobeovereighty.OfremoterancestorsIcanonlydiscoveronewhodidnotlivetoagreatage,andhediedofadiseasewhichisnowrare,namely,havinghisheadcutoff。55/42InspiteofTheypersevereinspiteofallkindsofdifficulties.尽管有各种困难，他们还是坚持下去。Thepartymuststaytogetherinspiteofdifferingopinions.尽管党内有不一样意见，但必须团结一致。Inspiteofdifficulties,hesucceededinfinishinghistask.尽管困难重重，他依然圆满完成了任务。Inspiteofgreateffortswefailedtocarryourplansthrough."尽管我们作出了巨大努力,我们还是没能完成计划。66/42

ancestor(n.)someonefromwhomyouaredescended(butusuallymoreremotethanagrandparent)Doalllanguageshaveacommonancestor?人类语言有共同祖先吗？Theancestorofmodernwhalesmovedintothewateraboutfifty-twomillionyearsago.当代鲸鱼祖先大约在五千两百万年以前从陆地移民到海洋。Manwasevolvedfromanancestorthatwasprobablyarboreal.人大约是从住在树上祖先进化而来.77/42asregardsAsregardsthephotography,itisstillessentiallypopularintasteandnewslike.至于它摄影，就本质而言还是大众趣味和报道式。AsregardshealthIhavenothingusefultosaysinceIhavelessexperienceofillness.有包括康健方面，我么有太多有用提议没出国疑问讲，因该我极少得病。Doyouhavespecialwishsasregardsthefood?食物方面你有什么特殊要求吗?88/42maternal1.characteristicofamother;2.relatingtoorderivedfromone'smother;3.relatingtoorcharacteristicoforbefittingaparent;4.relatedonthemother'ssideThemostselflessloveismaternallove.人间最无私爱是母爱。Insometribes,wealthisinheritedthroughthematernalsideofafamily.在一些部落，财富是按照母系代代相传。paternal99/42paternal1.belongingtoorinheritedfromone'sfather;2.characteristicofafather;3.relatingtoorcharacteristicoforbefittingaparent;4.relatedonthefather'ssideHewasbroughtupbyhispaternalaunt.他是由姑姑抚养成人。Incontrast,thisfellto15percentforpaternalgrandparents.相反，做爷爷奶奶仅有15%人做到了这一点。1010/42cutoff(v.)1.makeabreakin;2.cease,stop;3.removebyorasifbycutting;4.cutoffandstop;5.breakasmallpieceofffrom;6.removesurgicallyHecutoffasmallpieceofbreadandgaveittome.他切下一小片面包递给了我。Thetelephoneoperatorcutusoffbeforewehadfinishedourconversation.我们话还没说完，电话接线员就中止了我们通话。DiseasecutSmithoffinthebestpartoflife.病魔使风华正茂史密斯英年早逝。1111/42remote(adj.)1.apartinspace;2.veryunlikely;3.separateorapartintime;4.inaccessibleandsparselypopulated;5.farapartinnatureItisaveryremotearea.这是一个非常偏远地域。Therefore,theProjectHopeisthehopeofthoseremoteregionsaswellasthatofthewholenation.所以,希望工程表达不但是那些边远地域希望,也表达了整个国家希望。1212/42namely(adv.)asfollowsEveryworkscontainsauniqueworldcreatedbytheartist,namely,thetimespaceofart.每一部作品里都有一个由艺术家创造“独特世界”-艺术时空。Theeconomicglobalizationbringsakindofnewregionphenomenon,namelyglobalcity-regions.经济全球化带来一个新地域现象，即全球城市区域。Thenationalchannelhasdifferentauthoritydisposition,namelyadministrativerulingandciviltrial.国家渠道有不一样权力配置,即行政裁决和民事审判。1313/42Paragraph1Part2Agreatgrandmotherofmine,whowasafriendofGibbon,livedtotheageofninety-two,andtoherlastdayremainedaterrortoallherdescendants.Mymaternalgrandmother,afterhavingninechildrenwhosurvived,onewhodiedininfancy,andmanymiscarriages,assoonasshebecameawidow,devotedherselftowoman’shighereducation.ShewasoneofthefoundersofGirtonCollege,andworkedhardatopeningthemedicalprofessiontowomen.1414/42GibbonEdwardGibbon(1737–1794)wasanEnglishhistorianandMemberofParliament.Hismostimportantwork,TheHistoryoftheDeclineandFalloftheRomanEmpire,waspublishedinsixvolumesbetween1776and1788.Itisknownprincipallyforthequalityandironyofitsprose,itsuseofprimarysources,anditsopendenigrationoforganisedreligion,thoughtheextentofthisisdisputedbysomecritics1515/42remaincontinueinaplace,position,orsituation;staythesame;Heremainedinthehospitalforasolidmonth.他在医院里住了整整一个月。Onlyabowlandapairofchopsticksremainedonthetable.桌子上只剩下一个碗和一双筷子。Ihaven'tseenthemfortenyears.Theyremainastheywere.我十年没见他们了，他们还是从前那样。1616/42terror(n.)1.anoverwhelmingfeelingoffearandanxiety;2.apersonwhoinspiresfearordread;3.averytroublesomechildWaritselfisterror.战争本身就是恐怖。Thechildclungroundmyneckinterror,andalmoststrangledme.那个孩子吓得紧紧地抱住我脖子，差点把我掐死。terrorism,terrorist,terrify,terrible,terrific1717/42descendant(n.)apersonconsideredasdescendedfromsomeancestororrace;(adj.)goingorcomingdownHeisadescendantofQueenVictoria.他是维多利亚女王后代。Sheisthefirstfirstladywhoisthedirectdescendantofslaves.她是第一位成为总统夫人奴隶后代。HowwouldyoutellacomputertoseeifsomeoneisadescendantofGhengisKhan?你怎么让计算机明白某个人是不是成吉思汗后代呢？1818/42infancy(n.)1.theearlystageofgrowthordevelopment;2.theearlieststateofimmaturityTheindustrywasstillinitsinfancy.这一产业当初仍处于发展早期。DemocracyinTaiwanisstillinitsinfancy.台湾民主政治仍处于发展早期阶段。Frominfancy,eachchildmaygethisorherownroom.一出生，每个孩子都拥有他们自己房间。1919/42miscarriagen.

1.failureofaplan;2.anaturallossoftheproductsofconception失败；误送；流产Juliawasexpecting,butthenshehadamiscarriage.茱莉亚怀孕了但以后她流产了。Byamiscarriageofjusticethewrongmanwascondemned.因为法庭错误判决，一个无辜人被定了罪。Onecommonlyheldbeliefisthatcoffeecancauselowbirthweightormiscarriagewhenconsumedbypregnantwomen.普通人相信怀孕妇女喝咖啡话会造成新生儿体重过轻或流产。2020/42Paragraph1Part3SheusedtorelatehowshemetinItalyanelderlygentlemanwhowaslookingverysad.Sheinquiredthecauseofhismelancholyandhesaidthathehadjustpartedfromhistwograndchildren.“Goodgracious”,sheexclaimed,“Ihaveseventy-twograndchildren,andifIweresadeachtimeIpartedfromoneofthem,Ishouldhaveadismalexistence!”“Madresnaturale,”hereplied.Butspeakingasoneoftheseventy-two,Ipreferherrecipe.2121/42relatev.1.makealogicalorcausalconnection;2.havetodowithorberelevantto;3.giveanaccountof;4.beinarelationshipwith;5.haveorestablisharelationshiptoHerelatedwhathehadseeninthetheatre他把在剧场中所看到情况叙述了一遍。Ijustusemypenandmyvoice,torelatethishistorytrustily.我谨以我手中笔与我声音，忠实地叙述这段历史。2222/42requiredadj.

1.necessaryforrelieforsupply;2.requiredbyruleIsstatisticalprocesscontrolrequiredonproduct?产品是否需要统计过程控制？Somecoursesincollegearerequiredwhileothersareoptional.大学里有课程是必修,有是是选修.Thecomponentslistedbelowarerequiredtoperformthisscenario.下面列出组件是执行该方案所必需。2323/42melancholyn.afeelingofthoughtfulsadness;adj.characterizedbyorcausingorexpressingsadnessAdeepmelancholyrunsthroughherpoetry.她诗中贯通著悲伤情调。Thereceiptofherletterthrewmeintomelancholystate.一收到她来信，我便陷入深深忧郁中。Theprinceofmelancholy-Hamlet.Herepresentsphilosophy.忧郁王子，哈姆雷特。象徵是哲学。2424/42exclaimv.1.utteraloud;oftenwithsurprise,horror,orjoy;2.stateorannounceSheexclaimedthatshewasinnocent.她大声呼叫她是无辜。Sheexclaiminastonishmentatthesizeofthebill.她看到帐单上数目吓得叫起来。Thespokesmanexclaimedthatthegovernmenthadtakencontrolofthesituation.讲话人声称政府已经控制了局势。2525/42dismaladj.causingdejectionThepoetsaidtomeinadismalstrain.诗人以一个忧郁语气向我娓娓道来。Sicknessorbadluckoftenmakesapersonfeeldismal.疾病或者倒霉通常都会令一个人感到低落。Hefeltdismalafterreadingapieceofbadnewsinthenewspaper.他读了报上一条不好消息后心情忧郁。2626/42recipen.directionsformakingsomethingHoneycansubstituteforsugarinthisrecipe.在这种烹饪法里蜂蜜能代替糖。Whatisyourrecipeforsuccess?你取得成功有什麽窍门?Canexcusemethiskindofrecipecurereallymyopia?请问这种配方真能治好近视眼吗?2727/42Paragraph1Part4Aftertheageofeightyshefoundshehadsomedifficultyingettingtosleep,soshehabituallyspentthehoursfrommidnightto3a.m.inreadingpopularscience.Idonotbelievethatsheeverhadtimetonoticethatshewasgrowingold.This,Ithink,isproperrecipeforremainingyoung.Ifyouhavewideandkeeninterestsandactivitiesinwhichyoucanstillbeeffective,youwillhavenoreasontothinkaboutthemerelystatisticalfactofthenumberofyearsyouhavealreadylived,stilllessoftheprobablebrevityofyoufuture.2828/42habituallyadv.1.accordingtoroutineorestablishedpractice;2.accordingtohabitorcustomThehairdresserhabituallyhangthehairdryeronthehanger.剪发师习惯性地将吹风挂到挂钩上。Manybusinessmenhabituallyhavelunchinapubneartheiroffice.一些商人习惯性地在办公室附近酒吧里吃午餐。Asarule,menhabituallyuseonlyasmallpartofthepowerswhichtheyactuallyposses.普通而言，人们通常只使用他们实际拥有精力一小部分。2929/42statisticaladj.oforrelatingtostatisticsThepremiumratesarefixedonthebasisofthepaststatisticallossfigures.保险费率是依据以往货物损失统计数字为基础确定。statistics:(n.)abranchofappliedmathematicsconcernedwiththecollectionandinterpretationofquantitativedataandtheuseofprobabilitytheorytoestimatepopulationparameters统计；统计学；统计资料TheWHOthisweekalsoreleaseditsworldhealthstatisticsreportfor.世界卫生组织在本周也公布了世界卫生统计汇报。3030/42brevityn.1.theuseofbriefexpressions;2.theattributeofbeingbrieforfleetingBrevityisinwritingwhatcharityistoallothervirtues.简练之于写作如同宽恕之于全部其它美德。Donotsacrificeaccuracyforthesakeofbrevity.不要一味只求简练而牺牲了准确性Thebrevityoftheconcertdisappointedtheaudience.音乐会开得很短,这“使”观众感到“失望”。3131/42Paragraph2AsregardshealthIhavenothingusefultosaysinceIhavelittleexperienceofillness.IeatanddrinkwhateverIlike,andsleepwhenIcannotkeepawake.Ineverdoanythingwhateveronthegroundthatitisgoodforhealth,thoughinactualfactthethingsIlikedoingaremostlywholesome.3232/42whateveroneorsomeoreveryorallwithoutspecificationWhateveritis,youcantellme.不论是什么,你都能够告诉我.Youcanbuywhateveryouneedifyouhaveenoughmoney.假如你有足够钱,你能买你需要任何东西.Sowhateveryouwishthatotherswoulddotoyou,doalsotothem所以，不论何事，你们愿意人怎样待你们，你们也要怎样待人3333/42onthegroundthatHesaidthathedidn'tfireJohnonthegroundthathehadcontractedAIDs.他说他辞退了约翰并不是因为他发觉了他患有艾滋病这一事实。Johnexcusedhimselfforhislowgradesonthegroundthattheteacherdidn'tlikehim.约翰为自己成绩低辩解，其理由是老师不喜欢他。Thepoormanwassentencedtobeimprisonedforlifeonthegroundthathehadstolenbreadfromastore.这个穷人被宣判终生监禁，理由是他偷了一家商店中面包。3434/42wholesomeadj.

1.conducivetoorcharacteristicofphysicalormoralwell-being;2.soundorexhibitingsoundnessinbodyormindItisourdutytomakelifewholesomeandusefulforourselvesandothers.令生命于本身和他人都更完美、更有所作为，是我们责任。Ifyoubelievethedoctors,nothingiswholesome;ifyoubelievethesoldiers,nothingissafe.在医生眼里没有什么是健康，在士兵眼里没有什么是安全。3535/42Paragraph3Psychologicallytherearetwodangerstobeguardedagainstinoldage.Oneoftheseisundueabsorptioninthepast.Itdoesnotdotoliveinmemories,inregretsforthegoodolddays,orinsadnessaboutfriendswhoaredead.One’sthoughtsmustbedirectedtothefutureandtothingsaboutwhichthereissomethingtobedone.Thisisnotalwayseasy:one’sownpastisgraduallyincreasingweight.Itiseasytothinktooneselfthatone’semotionsusedtobemorevividthantheyare,andone’smindkeener.Ifthisistrueitshouldbeforgotten,andifitisforgottenitwillprobablynotbetrue.3636/42guardagainstCheckyourworkthoroughlyinordertoguardagainstmistakes.彻底检验你工作，以防犯错。Weshouldguardagainstarroganceandconceit.我们应预防骄傲自满情绪滋长。Wisenegotiatorsmustbeonguardagains