译林版高中英语选择性必修第四册UNIT1教学知识细解码学案

1．resignvt.&vi.辞职，辞去→resignationn．辞职；辞职信2．forgivevt.&vi.原谅，宽恕；免除(债务)→forgivenessn．原谅，宽恕3．pretendvi.&vt.假装；装扮，扮作；自诩，自认为→pretendern．冒充者4．mercyn．仁慈，宽恕→mercifuladj.宽大的；仁慈的5．legaladj.合法的；法律的→illegaladj.不合法的6．faultn．过错，责任；弱点，缺点→faultyadj.不完美的→faultlessadj.无缺点的outlinevt.概述，概括；显示轮廓，勾勒外形n．概要，概述；轮廓，略图①Weoutlinedourproposalstothecommittee. vt.概述②Theysawthehugebuildingoutlinedagainstthesky. vt.显示轮廓③Youshoulddrawupaplanoroutlinefortheessay. n.概要④Icanonlyseetheoutlineofthebuilding. n.轮廓eq\a\vs4\al(知识要点1)appointmentn．约定，约会；任命，委派；职务[例]Insomecasespeoplehavehadtowaitseveralweeksforanappointment.在某些情况下，人们为了一个预约必须等上好几周。[知识拓展](1)makeanappointmentwith 与……约会keep/breakanappointment 践约/失约(2)appointvt. 任命，委派，约定(时间、地点等)appointsb. 任命某人appointsth.(forsth.) (为某事)确定(日期、场所)appointsb.(as)sth. 任命某人为……appointsb.todosth. 指派某人做某事[即学即练]完成句子/单句语法填空①Theyappointedhimas/tobecaptainoftheEnglandteam(已任命他为英格兰队队长).②Wemustappointsomeonetoact(act)assecretary.③Thetimeappointedforthemeetingwas10：30.④Shemadeanappointmentforhersontosee(see)thedoctor.eq\a\vs4\al(知识要点2)teardown拆毁，拆除[例]Thecitywillteardownthebuildingandcreateapark.该市将拆掉这幢大楼，并建一个公园。[知识拓展]tear...off 把……撕掉；匆匆脱下tear...up 把……撕碎tear...apart 把……撕开/成碎片tear...away 依依不舍地离开；忍痛离去；把……拿走[即学即练]单句语法填空①Forsecurity，tearupthepaperbeforeyouputitinthetrashcan.②Totallyexhausted，hetorehisclothesoffandfellintobed.③Ifoundithardtotearmyselfawayfrommynewfriends.eq\a\vs4\al(知识要点3)makeone'sfortune发财[例]Makingfriendswithgoodfortuneswouldmakeyourfortunebetter.与运气好的人交朋友会使你更能成功。[知识拓展](1)beingood/badfortune 运气好/差tryone'sfortune 碰运气comeintoafortune 得到财产seekone'sfortune 寻出路，去闯天下worthafortune 值一大笔钱(2)fortunateadj. 幸运的；侥幸的unfortunateadj. 不幸的unfortunatelyadv. 不幸地[即学即练]单句语法填空/完成句子①Ihavebeenfortunate(fortune)enoughtovisitmanypartsoftheworldasalecturer.②Iwaslateingettingtothestation，butfortunately(fortune)，thetrainwaslatetoo.③Shecameintoafortune(她得到一笔财产)whenhergrandfatherdied.eq\a\vs4\al(知识要点4)reliableadj.可信赖的，可依靠的；真实可信的，可靠的[例]Youhavetodemonstratethatyouarereliable.你得证明自己是靠得住的。[知识拓展]relyvi. 依靠，依赖；信任，信赖relyon 依靠；依赖relyon/upon＝dependon/upon 信任；依赖relyonsb./sth.todo/doing... 依赖某人/某物做……relyonsb./sth.for... 依赖某人/某物……relyonitthat... 指望……；相信……[即学即练]单句语法填空①Companiesrelyone­mailfortheiremployeestocommunicatewitheachother.②Youmayrelyonhimcoming/tocome(come)ontime.③YoucanrelyonitthatIcanfinishtheworkontime.eq\a\vs4\al(知识要点5)worthwhileadj.值得花时间(或花钱、努力等)，重要的，令人愉快的[例]Itisworthwhiletoincludereallyhigh­qualityillustrations.把真正高质量的插图包括进去是值得的。[知识拓展](1)Itisworthwhiledoing/todosth. 值得做某事(2)beworthdoingsth. 值得做某事beworthsth. 值……(3)beworthyofbeingdone＝beworthytobedone 值得……[即学即练]单句语法填空①She'snotworthgetting(get)angrywith.②Itisworthpopularizing(popularize)thiskindofclub.③Thisculturalsystemwasworthytobestudied/ofbeingstudied(study)furtherinthefuture.④Itisworthwhilepaying/topay(pay)muchattentiontotheirgreatvalueinapplication.eq\a\vs4\al(知识要点6)suspectvt.&vi.疑有，觉得n．嫌疑犯，可疑对象[例]AsIhadsuspectedallalong，hewasnotarealpoliceman.正如我一直所怀疑的那样，他并不是一个真的警察。[知识拓展](1)suspectsb.of(doing)sth. 认为某人有(做)……之嫌疑suspectsb.tobe... 怀疑某人是……suspectthat 怀疑……(2)asuspectof... ……的犯罪嫌疑人(3)suspicionn. 怀疑undersuspicionof... 有……的嫌疑suspiciousadj. 怀疑的，疑神疑鬼的besuspiciousof... 怀疑……[即学即练]句型转换/单句语法填空①Theysuspecthimtobeamurderer.→Theysuspectthatheisamurderer．②Isuspectedhimofdeliberatelyforgettinghispurse.③Theydroveawayslowlytoavoidarousingsuspicion(suspect).eq\a\vs4\al(知识要点7)arrestn．&vt.逮捕，拘捕[例]Shewasarrestedforassanlt.她因攻击他人身体而被捕。[知识拓展](1)arrestsb.forsth. 因某事逮捕某人getarrested 遭逮捕arrestone'sattention 引起某人注意(2)underarrest 被捕makeanarrest 进行拘捕[即学即练]完成句子/单句语法填空①Amanhasbeenarrested(已经被逮捕)inconnectionwiththerobbery.②Anunusualnoisearrestedhisattention(引起了他的注意).③Shewasunderarrestonsuspicionofmurder.④Thepoliceexpectedtomakeanarrestsoon.eq\a\vs4\al(知识要点8)innocentadj.无辜的，清白的，无罪的；天真无邪的，纯真的[例]Inthiscountry，youareinnocentuntilprovedguilty.在这个国家，一个人在被证实有罪之前都是清白的。[知识拓展](1)beinnocentof 没有……的；无罪的(2)innocentlyadv. 无辜地；无罪地；纯真地innocencen. 清白，无辜；无罪[即学即练]单句语法填空/完成句子①Heclaimshehasevidencewhichcouldprovehisinnocence(innocent).②“HaveIdonesomethingwrong？”sheaskedinnocently(innocent).③Hewassurethatthemanwasinnocentofanycrime.eq\a\vs4\al(重点句式1)thereusedtobe...(教材原句P2)Thereusedtobearestaurantwherethisstorestands—‘BigJoe’Brady'srestaurant.以前有一家餐馆就在这家商店所在处——‘大乔’布拉迪餐厅。句式分析：本句中的thereusedtobe...是therebe句型的一个变式。表示“曾经有过……”。[例1]Thereusedtobeacaféacrosstheroad.在路的对面曾经有过一个咖啡馆。[例2]Thereusedtobeacinemahere.往日此处曾有一家电影院。[知识拓展]therebe句型中的be可以用happentobe，seem(tobe)，occur，exist等代替，用来描写事物。[即学即练]完成句子①Therehappenedtobemanyevents(碰巧有很多大事)duringhistermofpresidentialservice.②Thereexists/existedabigdifference(存在很大的差距)betweencoachleadingbehaviorandactualcognition.eq\a\vs4\al(重点句式2)nomatterwhat...(教材原句P2)Well，weagreedthatnightthatwewouldmeethereagainexactlytwentyyearsfromthatdateandtime，nomatterwhatourconditionsmightbeorfromwhatdistancewemighthavetocome.噢，我们当晚约定二十年后再次在这里见面，不管我们的境况如何，或者我们可能得从多远赶来。句式分析：本句中的nomatterwhat引导让步状语从句，意为“不论什么……”。[例1]Nomatterwhatageyouare，youcanloseweightbyfollowingthisprogram.不论你年龄多大，都可以按这套方案来减肥。[例2]Callmewhenyougetthere，nomatterwhatthetimeis.无论什么时间，你到了那里就给我打电话。[知识拓展]“nomatter＋疑问词”一般用于引导让步状语从句；“疑问词＋ever”可以引导让步状语从句，也可以引导名词性从句。[即学即练]单句语法填空/完成句子①Sheknewthat，whatever/nomatterwhatshedecidedtodo，herfamilywasrightbehindher.②Don'topenthedoor，whoevercomes/nomatterwhocomes(不管谁来).1．ButIknowJimmywillmeetmehereifhe'salive，forhealwayswasthetruestandmostreliablefellowintheworld.[分析]本句是一个由并列连词for连接的并列复合句。第一个分句是复合句，IknowJimmywillmeetmehere是主句，其中包含一个省略了that的宾语从句；if引导条件状语从句。第二个分句是简单句，表示原因。[译文]但我知道吉米如果还活着的话会在这里见我，因为他一直是世界上最真实、最可靠的人。2．WhenyoustruckthematchtolightyourcigarIsawitwasthefaceofthecriminalwantedinChicago.[分析]本句是一个复合句，when引导时间状语从句；Isaw后面是一个省略了that的宾语从句；wantedinChicago是过去分词短语作定语，修饰criminal。[译文]你划火柴点燃雪茄时，我发现你就是被芝加哥警方通缉的那个罪犯。教材高考1.Itwastorndownthen.(2020·浙江卷)Notthispolarbearthough—hejustkepttryingtoteardownthefencewithhismassivepaws(爪子).2.ButIknowJimmywillmeetmehereifhe'salive，forhealwayswasthetruestandmostreliablefellowintheworld.(2020·北京卷)Conventionalmonitorsaremorereliable.3.“AsIsuspected，you'renotJimmyWells，”hesaid，impatientlywithanger.(2017·浙江卷)Shesuspectedthatoneofherthreedaughters—thenten，eight，andsix—hadpickeditup，butthegirlssaidtheyhadn't.Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Nomatterwhoyouare，qualityfriendsshouldtaketimetofind.2．Thereseemstobe(be)alotofsupportinCongressforthismove.3．Thisisapermanentappointment(appoint)，requiringcommitmentandhardwork.4．Theinvadingtroopstoredownthepeople'shousesbyforce.5．Iwaslate，butfortunately(fortune)themeetinghadn'tstarted.6．Trainsarereliable(rely)，cheapandbestforlong­distancejourneys.7．ThemanagingauthoritiessaidthatLongdongisworthyofbeingpromoted(promote)throughouttheworld.8．Perhapsyouhadnointentionofdoinganythingwrongbutyouhaddoneitinnocently(innocent).9．Icanguaranteeyouthatyouwillbeunderarrest.10．Itwasperfectlyallright，hesaid，becausethepolicehadnotsuspectedhimofanything.Ⅱ.短语填空makeone'sfortune；losecontact；takechargeof；teardown；turnup；arminarm1．Mostoftheolderbuildingshavebeentorndownandreplacedbymodernconstruction.2．Dr.Smithisassignedtotakechargeofthedepartment.3．Theeveningstartedbadlywhenthespeakerfailedtoturnup．4．Hecameherewithoutfriendsorpersonalpossessionsbutmadehisfortune．5．Thecouplewalkedoutf