译林版高中英语选择性必修第三册UNIT2预习新知早知道1学案

Ⅰ．匹配词义A．单词匹配()1．bother A．条件，状况；境况，(尤指)经济 状况()2．visible B．闲暇，空闲()3．astronaut C．任务；使命，天职；军事行 动；太空飞行任务()4．gravity D．辐射，放射线()5．mission E．宇航员，航天员()6．creature F．重力，地球引力；严重性；严肃()7．circumstance G．必不可少的，对……极重要的； 维持生命所必需的()8．radiation H．动物，生物；人()9．vital I．toannoy，worryorupsetsb．()10．leisure J．thatcanbeseen[答案]1—5IJEFC6—10HADGBB．短语匹配()1．cometoanend A．在这种情况下，既然如此()2．differfrom B．保护……免受()3．carryout C．鉴于，考虑到()4．castnewlighton D．也；和；同()5．inthecircumstances E．执行；实施()6．headout F．不同于()7．inviewof G．结束()8．ataspeedof H．使进一步了解……()9．protect．．．from I．出发；朝着……去()10．aswellas J．以……速度[答案]1—5GFEHA6—10ICJBDⅡ．默写单词1．cupboardn． 壁橱；橱柜，衣柜2．mosquiton． 蚊子3．microscopen． 显微镜4．occupyvt． 占用，使用；居住；占领，侵占； 使忙于5．evaluatevt． 评估，估计，评价6．exposuren． 面临，遭受；揭露；报道7．luxuryn． 不常有的乐趣(或享受)；奢侈品8．furthermoreadv． 此外，再者9．disciplinevt． 严格要求(自己)；惩罚；训练n． 训练，纪律；行为准则；自制力10．crewn． 全体工作人员；全体乘务人员，全 体船员；专业团队Ⅰ．语境填空bother；circumstance；leisure；astronaut；crew；gravity；mission；creature；discipline；radiation1．Noneofthepassengersandcrewwereinjured．2．Theschoolhasareputationforhighstandardsofdiscipline．3．Workersatthenuclearplantwereexposedtohighdosesofradiation．4．Hundredsofpeoplehaddiedthereinterriblecircumstancesduringandaftertherevolution．5．Howcouldanyonefindpleasureinhuntingandkillingthisbeautifulcreature?6．Imustforgetthesesideissuesandremembermymission．7．Hedidn'tevenbothertoletmeknowhewascoming．8．Newtonproposedthatheavenlyandterrestrialmotioncouldbeunifiedwiththeideaofgravity．9．Thephysicalfitnessrequirementsforbeinganastronautareverystiff．10．Thesedayswehavemoremoneyandmoreleisuretoenjoyit．Ⅱ．语法填空之派生词1．Theyhavediscoveredthelinkbetweenexposuretoradiation(radiate)andchildhoodcancer．2．Thereisadirectcorrelationbetweenexposure(expose)tosunandskincancer．3．Thestarisnotvisible(vision)tothenakedeye．4．Underthetermsofthelease，youhavetopaymaintenance(maintain)charges．课文助读[1]would­beadj．想要成为的[2]cometoanend结束[3]句子主干为Ibetyou'dlovetoknow，后跟what和how各自引导的宾语从句，中间由and连接；破折号后的句子用于解释前句。[4]句子主干是Weusuallysleepinprivatequarters．．．orinsleepingbags,两个逗号之间是which引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词quarters；insleepingbags和inprivatequarters并列，attachedtothewallsortheceiling非谓语动词短语作定语，修饰sleepingbags。[5]句子主干是so连接的两个并列分句。第一个分句的主干是thespacestationneedsalotofmaintenance，withsomuchgoingon是原因状语；第二个分句的谓语是and连接的并列动词短语。[6]句子主干是Themostchallengingworktakesplace，后面跟了时间状语从句whenweneedtoperformtasksoutsidethespacestation...从句中suchas后跟的三个动词­ing形式短语用以列举部分tasks。[7]headout向外走，走出去[8]SplendidastheviewoftheEarthis中的as引导倒装的状语，表示“尽管”，可以用though代替。[9]句子主干是It'saluxurytoeatfreshfood，it是形式主语，toeatfreshfood是真正的主语；后跟because引导的原因状语从句，从句中freshproduce是主语，谓语部分是canonlybedeliveredto;suchasfruitandvegetables修饰freshproduce,fromtheEartheverycoupleofmonths修饰canonlybedelivered。[10]句子主干是wedisciplineourselvestodo．．．，句首Considering是介词，意为“鉴于，考虑到”，lowgravityhasonthehumanbody是定语从句，修饰前面的negativeeffects，省略了引导词that/which。[11]句子主干是there'snothing，后跟省略了引导词that的定语从句welikemorethantositback...，从句中使用了比较结构，此处nothing和morethan结构结合使用表示“没有什么比……更……的了”；morethan后的不定式结构由两部分构成，sitbackwith...和watchourremarkableplanetgoby，其后takingpictures...是非谓语动词短语作状语。原文呈现LifeonaspacestationLivinginspaceiseverywould­be[1]astronaut'sdream．Mysix­monthstayonaspacestationhascometoanend[2],andithasbeenachallengingbutmagicaladventure．Ibetyou'dlovetoknowwhatdailylifeislikeupinspaceandhowitdiffersfromthatontheEarth—thelowgravitydefinitelymakesordinarythingsstrange！[3]Thestrangenessoflivinginspaceisapparentfromthemomentwesleep．Duetothenearabsenceofgravityinspace,wehavetoattachourselvessothatwedon'tfloataround．Weusuallysleepinprivatequarters,whicharemorelikelargecupboards,orinsleepingbagsattachedtothewallsortheceiling．[4]It'sstrangethatwetrytosleepwithnopressureagainstourback,buttheunusualbedsdon'tbotherusanymore．Afterabouteighthoursofsleep,westartourdayofwork．Theroutinetasksthatoccupymostofthedayaredemanding,buttheycanalsobeextremelyrewarding．Ourmainmissionistoconductscientificresearch．Weneedtoevaluatetheeffectsoflowgravityonanimalsandplants．Creaturessuchasmice,fishandmosquitoeshavealsobeensenttothestation!Inalow­gravityenvironment,wecanlearnmoreaboutchangesincellsandmicroorganismsunderthemicroscope．Aswellasdoingthesebiologicalexperiments,wecarryoutexperimentsinotherresearchfields．IhavebeenworkingononeexperimentwhichlocatesandtrackslightningoverlargeregionsoftheEarth．Hopefully,itwillcastnewlightontheEarth'sclimateandleadtobetterlightningprotection．Withsomuchgoingon,thespacestationneedsalotofmaintenance,soweconstantlychecksupportsystemsanddosomecleaning．[5]Themostchallengingworktakesplacewhenweneedtoperformtasksoutsidethespacestation,suchastestingnewequipment,monitoringscientificexperimentsorrepairingthespacestation．[6]Inthecircumstances,it'stimeforaspacewalk．First,weputonourspacesuits,whichallowustobreatheinspaceandprotectusfromexposuretothecoldandradiation．Thenweheadout[7],andsometimesperformtasksforhoursatatime,withthebeautifulEarthvisiblebelow．SplendidastheviewoftheEarthis[8],spacewalkingisnotasexcitingasyoumightthink．It'sprobablythemostdangerouswork,withpotentialriskssuchaselectricshocks．That'swhyeveryspacewalkiscarefullyplanned．Inviewofthelow­gravityenvironment,eatingisalsodifferentinspace．Mostfoodisdriedorfreeze­dried．It'saluxurytoeatfreshfood,becausefreshproducesuchasfruitandvegetablescanonlybedeliveredtothespacestationfromtheEartheverycoupleofmonths．[9]Saltandpepperareonlyinliquidform,sothattheywillnotfloatawayandblocktheairpipes．However,liquidscan'tbeeasilycontrolledinspace．Wemustdrinkwateroranyotherliquidsoutofabagthroughathintubeofplastic．Furthermore,tokeepourbodyhealthy,wemustensureabalancedsupplyofnutrientsbytakingpills．Spendingsometimeinthegymisofvitalimportancetoastronauts'health．Didyouknowthatinjustfivemonths,astronautscouldloseasignificantamountofmuscleandbonemass？Consideringthesenegativeeffectslowgravityhasonthehumanbody,wedisciplineourselvestodoatleasttwohoursofexerciseeveryday．[10]Exerciseinspaceisnotyouraverageworkout．Wehavetobetiedontospeciallydesignedexerciseequipmenttostopourselvesfromfloatingaround．Duringourleisuretime,there'snothingwelikemorethantositbackwiththerestofthecrewandwatchourremarkableplanetgoby,takingpicturesforourfamilyandfriendsbackhome．[11]Asthespacestationtravelsataspeedofabout17，500milesperhour,wegettoseethesunriseevery90minutes．Inthesepreciousmoments,allthechallengesoflifeinspaceseemworthit．译文参考太空站上的生活生活在太空是每个未来宇航员的梦想。我在空间站的六个月的停留已经结束，这是一次充满挑战但又神奇的冒险。我敢打赌你一定很想知道太空中的日常生活是什么样的，它与地球上的生活有什么不同，低重力使普通的事物变得奇怪！从我们睡觉的那一刻起，生活在太空中的陌生感就显而易见了。由于太空中几乎没有重力，我们不得不把我们自己拴起来，这样我们就不会四处漂浮。我们通常睡在私人住所里，就像大的壁橱一样，或者睡在睡袋里，睡袋拴在墙上或天花板上。试着背部没有压力入睡是奇怪的，但我们不再为这些特别的床而烦恼了。大约睡了八个小时后，我们开始了一天的工作。占用了一天里大部分时间的日常工作要求很高，但是也会非常有意义。我们的主要任务是进行科学研究。我