现代大学英语精读四

A

Drink

inthe

PassageAuthorAlan

Paton(1903-1988)Alan

Patonwasborn

in

Pietermaritzburg,South

Africa.Hestarted

hiscareerbyteaching

at

aschool

in

Ixopo.Thedramaticcareerchangetodirectorofareformatory

(

管

教

所

)

forblackyouthsat

Diepkloof,nearJohannesburg,hadaprofoundeffecton

histhinking.The

publicationofCry,theBelovedCountry(1948)madehim

one

of

SouthAfrica'sbestknownwriters,and

bythetime

hedied,it

hadsoldover

15million

copies.Followinghis

non-racial

ideals,he

helpedtofoundtheSouth

African

Liberal

Partyand

became

its

president.HisWorks

Cry,theBelovedCountryPerhapsthemostfamousnoveltocome

out

of

South

Africa,Paton's1948

workbroughttothenoticeoftheworldthedilemmas

of

ordinary

South

Africanslivingunderan

oppressive

system,one

which

threatened

to

destroy

theirveryhumanity.Informed

by

Paton'sChristianandliberal

beliefs,the

noveltells

of

a

rural

Zulu

parson's

(

牧

师

)heart-breakingsearchforhisson,whohas

beendrawnintothe

criminalunderworld

of

the

city.Cry,theBelovedCountry

has

sold

millions

of

copiesko

und

the

world.Withtheenactmentofapartheid

laws

in

1948,racialdiscriminationwasinstitutionalized(

使制

度white-only"jobs.In1950,the

PopulationRegistrationActrequiredthatallSouthAfricansberaciallyclassified

intooneofthree

categories:

white,black(African),or

colored(of

mixeddecent).Thecolouredcategory

included化).Racelawstouchedeveryaspectofsociallife,

includinga

prohibitionofmarriagebetween

non-

whites

and

whites,and

the

sanctioning

(

认可

)

ofmajorsubgroupsofIndiansandAsians.Classification

intothesecategorieswasbasedonliance

wit

c

e

laws

wer

s

l

统

)

.with

harshly.Allblackswererequiredto

carryinformationonaccessto

non-blackareas.t血deacent(edethe

racceptance,andhacompnce,socialNonappear"passbooks"containingfingerprints,photoandIn

1960,a

largegroupofblacks

in

Sharpevillerefusedtocarrytheirpasses;thegovernmentdeclaredastateofemergency.Theemergencylastedfor

156days,leaving69

peopledeadand187

people

wounded.Wielding

(

掌

握

、

运用)

thePublicSafetyActandtheCriminal

LawAmendmentAct,thewhiteregime

had

nointentionofchangingthe

unjust

lawsofapartheid.·

Jubilee·

n.a

date

that

is

celebrated

because

it

is·

2

5、5

0

/

6

0

年

等

具

有

特

殊

意

义

的

周

年

纪

念Do

youknowhowmany

years

they

aremarking?·1.silverjubilee

A.

50

years·2.golden

jubilee

B.60years·3.diamond

jubilee

C.25

years·1----C

2----A

3----Bexactly25years,50yearsetc.afteranimportant

eventb

sp

till

Word

formationshadgold

deposits.

.)This

is

ashowthat

would

causeasensationin

Londonor

NewYork.(v)e.zai(sensationalsensationalsnitDorlensathatd

a

sdeesvuoarcitweesnueahecTsensation(1)n.someoneorsomethingthatcauses

this轰动、引起轰动的人或事extremeexcitementorinterest,orsensation(2)

n.afeelingthatyougetfromone

of

your

five

senses,感官的感觉能力Thesensationof

sight视

觉Sensation

of

tiredness

疲

劳

感H他e

u自l

f的e

ation

in

his

ar

m.木了sen手臂el

n己d觉csensation(3)n.afeelingthatisdifficulttodescribe,causedbyaparticular

event,experience,or

memory感

觉

、

知

觉圈

ir

a

etdh.e

sensation

that

she

wasItwasastrangesensation

-I

feltI'dbeenthere

before.cang

wolineeaIn

theyear

1960the

UnionAfrica

celebrated

its

GoldenJubilee,and

there

was

anationwide

sensationSimelane.In

the

year

1960,the

Union

of

SouthAfrica

celebratedits

fiftieth

anniversary,and

there

was

a

greatexcitementthroughoutthe

countrywhen

peopleheardthatthe

prizeforthefinest

piece

ofsculpturewaswon

bya

black

man.whentheone-thousand-pound

prizefor

the

finestpiece

ofsculpture

was

won

by

a

black

man,Edward·excite

:to

arouse激起

、激

发·Hisspeechdidn't

excite

much

interest

invoters.

·

The

news

hascertainlyexcitedcomment.·conscience(1)·n.

th

rtwh

t

y

raremi

in

all

o

ght

r

e

wn

man

of

strong

social

consciencem

le

n

cie

e

h

myo

ll

kn

t

at

c

uIt

eased

her

own

conscience.不

再

受

良

心

责

备yolearhaowwithuaenthewenccansIcoastgoell,asroawriuyyis

morat

tellsgthoddnouyouaoferpawhea.thewho

actively

campaigned

against

poverty

,inall

its

forms.have

done

nothing

wrong).conscience(2)o

n.b.a

gu

t

h

ed

utAnn

felt

a

pang(

剧

痛

)

/twinge(

刺

痛

)

ofconscience

athavingmisjudgedher.They

have

no

conscience

at

all

aboutcheating.(=not

feel

guilty

about

cheating)eooaevvaahyouyouahething

beelingtmfsoilty·

His

work,AfricanMotherandChild,(1)not

only

excited

the

admiration,(2)but

touched

the(A)conscience

or(B)heartor(C)whatever

it

was

that

respondedof

white

South

Africa.that

responded:

here

means

responded

inthatway

or

similarly

responded(3)seemed

likely

to

make

him

famous..amistakethatyoumake

by

notIt

was

by

a

careless

mistake

that

his

workwas

accepted,because

as

a

black

person,hewas

notsupposedto

participate

inthecompetition.Itwas

byanoversightthat

hisworkwasaccepted.noticing

sth.orby

forgetting

toemphatic

structuredo

sth.

错误、疏漏·

segregate(1)ers

were

strictly

segregated

fromthe

females.·Schoolsshouldnotsegregate

children

withBlacksweresegregated

from

whites

in

schools.sonrateMalepri(oppo.)integ··v.a.to

separate

one

group

of

people

fromothers,especially

because

they

are

of

adifferent

race,sex,or

religion·

disabilities.·

segregate

(2)·separate·keep

sb.apart·

isolate·

cutsb.offfrom·apartheid

南非种族隔离(=segregation)v.b.to

separate

one

part

ofaplace

or

thingfrom

another·The

coffee

room

had

been

segregated

into·T

l

gonsfora.enwasmtoreeinagdgnenegrf-ssenosothenanwaesooinglitkreprimand·v.&n.totellsomeoneofficiallythatsomethingacriticismthat

is

notmake

public·

they

have

done

isverywrongtoreceived

a

severe

reprimand

forsth.·Once

he

had

forgotten

to

lock

Mr

Corcoran's·

office

and

had

been

harshly

reprimanded.Themilitarycourtreprimanded

himfor

failing·

todo

his

duty.·a

private

reprimand:·

omit:to

leaveout●

1

.

遗

漏

、

疏

忽

、

忘

记·He

omitted

to

state

his

reasons.·Don'tomitlocking

(or:to

lock)the

door.·2.省

略

、删节·

Omita

passagefromthetext.·omission·omissible

可省

略

的·omissive:

省略

的

、遗漏

的SO...as

to.·I'm

notsostupidasto

believe

him.ly

rgue

about

sth.esp.angrilyand

for

a

long

period争论·disputable:able

to

be

questioned有

争

辩

余地

的a:toab:tputeispudiin···

bringsth.to

a

close:·to

end

or

conclude

sth.结

束m

Finallythemeetingwasbroughtto

aclosebythe

newchairman.Thegovernmentwasanxious

to

bring

the

hostagecrisistoa

close....but

incertain

powerfulquarters,therewasanoutcryagainstanydeparturefromthe“tfaditionalpolicies”ofthecountry…r

o

re

nit

r

referring

to

th

ppl

cified.but

incertain

politically

influentialcircles,therewasastrongprotestagainstChecountry...

eepeounsollipaluacusaourreganoogthisdecisionas

itwas

not

inconformitywiththetraditional,apartheidpoliciesofpolicieswhich

had

been

ineffectformanyyears·quarters

(from,among,in):某方面的人士

·

Informationfromthe

highquarters·来自高层的信息·outcry

:公开抗议、呐喊·Despitetheoutcry,the

university

refused

to·d

e

its(

i

l

.

from

a

rule

orenceiciesgodiveron

p:ass)immfraeparturchangetraditional

practice

偏离、背离、违反·Theirnewdesignsrepresenta

departurefrom

their

usual

style.renouncev.togiveup(atitle,forexample),especially

by

formalannouncement

声明放弃·

Edward

renounced

his

claim

to

the

French·Rudolphvoluntarily

renounced

his

U.S.·Thesegroupsmustrenounce

violence

ifthere

isto

be

progresstowards

peace.throne.citizenship.·Weabsolutelyrenounce

all

forms

ofterrorism.·Avert

避

免

、

防

止·vt.to

preventsomething

unpleasantfromhappeningTalks

will

be

held

today

in

a

final

attempt

toavert

strikeaction.Luckily

the

pilot

saw

the

other

plane

just

in

time,and

a

disaster

was

narrowly

averted

.增

I

was

relieved

that

we

had

averted

yetanother

financial

crisis.·

feel

upto

sth.·to

havethestrength,energyetc

to

do

something;tobewellenoughto有力气、有精力去做某事

I

justdidn't

feel

up

to

going.

You

don't

need

to

go

back

to

school

ifyou

don't

feeluptoit.

He

is

scheduled

tojoin

the

team

in

Calgary

late

today

if

his

back

is

feeling

up

to

it.InOrlandoyoudevelopathroat

of

iron,and

you

justputback

yourhead

andputitdown,in

case

thepoliceshouldlarrive.

b

un

e(

d

sh

r:tahroatInOrlandoyou(the

blacks)graduallydevelopathroatasstrongas

iron,andyoujustthrowbackyourhead

and

drink

thebrandy

up

inonegulp

inorderto

avoid

olice

detection.

goroeta)e防c以du以免intr唯恐mocasectivibys·

Develop:tocometo

havegradually;tocome

gradually

to

existence养

成

、

培

养·Developatastefor...an

interest

in...·putback:throwback·put

it

down:drink

it

down

in

one

gulp·A

throat

of

iron:Because

brandy

is

a

very

strongdrink,so

ifyouoftendrink

itveryquickly,youwillgetaverystrongthroat.·

Cultural

note

1:·According

to

apartheid

laws,blacks

couldnot

remain

in

the

big

cities

after

a

certainhour

at

night.Orlando

must

be

small

townwhere

blacks

live.·

Cultural

note

2:·Brandy

is

an

expensive

drink

that

was

usuallyconsumes

by

well-to-do

white

folks

inApartheid

South

Africa

who

would

sip

slowlyfrom

a

brandy

glass.Whena

black

person

likeSimelane

ever

got

a

chance

to

drink

brandy,he

would

usually

use

a

small

glass

and

drink

itquickly

for

fear

that

he

might

be

seen

andarrested

by

the

police

for

breaking

the

law.·A

brandy

glass

is

a

large

one

with

a

wide

bowlk

r

a

i

h

h

y.deanthrtbafhotmasoaroapeeststethreciIt

ispp.pocan

arow

ternadrianTheygaveawindowtoit,with

awhite

velvetbackdrop,if

there

is

anything

called

white

velvet,and

some

complimentary

words.words

expressing

praise/admirationI"ts'sofnaer

s

s

sot

nia

s"winhit

n

vealvpe

thweitidhTheygaveawholewindowtothesculpturewithawhitecurtainattheback

and

some

words

inpraise

of

the

work.The

curtain(backdrop)wasmadeofwhitevelvet,ifthere

issuchathingasacR/hitevelvet.

r"country.(velvet:

丝绒、天鹅绒；丝绒般光滑、柔软)complimentary:

She

wascomplimentaryabout

his

work.·Compliment:

恭维

(话)·

Make(or:pay)a

complimenttosb.onsth.·

Please

note:·Complementary:

补充的她对他的工作赞美有加

。·

Thestation:the

railwaystation·Herald

:先驱者、信使·In

the

text:the

name

of

a

newspaper·The

sculptor

lives

in

Orlando

as

he

is

not

allowedto

live

inthe

bigcityandtherefore

hastocommuteby

train

every

day.s

il

tat

something

with

your

eyes

partlyclosed

inordertosee

better眯着眼睛看、斜着眼睛看Mrs.Fanningsquintedatthewritingon

the

door.

Stopsquintingatthescreen-putyour

glasseson.mHehad/tookasquintatthe

headline

of

the

news.kaotonououtofthecornerofyoureye:Inasecretiveway

秘密的、暗地里；without

looking

directly

or

intentionally不

直

视

、

窥视please

note:1.

The

phrase

is

usually

usedtogetherwith

look,see

glance,notice,etc.2.

Theword'eye'issingular.indulge:toengage

in;totake

part

in,here

means

'to

enjoy'沉溺于，享受pleasurable:

使人快乐的、使人满意的、舒适的

A

pleasurable

meeting

between

old

friendscontemplation:1.the

act

ofthinking

deeply

and

quietly2.The

act

of

looking

at

sth.quietly

and

solemnly…So

I

thought

I'd

go

and

see

thewindow,andindulgecertainpleasurablehumanfeelings.I

must

have

got

a

little

lost

in

the

contemplation

ofmy

own

genius..beengrossed/absofbed

inHewas

lost

inthe

plotofthe

novel.So

Ithought

I'dgoandseethewindow,andenjoysecretlysomepleasantfeelings-feelingsofprideformyown

genius.I

must

have

beco

metooabsorbed

inmythinkingabout

my

owngenius..·

confidential●1.秘密的、机密

的●2.

表

示

信

任或

亲

密的m

The

information

we

received

is

of

a

highlyconfidentialnatureand

relatesto

nationalsecurity.

Weholdconfidentialrecords

on

eachemployee.After

drinking

to

each

other,theybecamequiteconfidential.彼此敬酒后推心置腹、无话不谈·a.spokenorwritteninsecret

and

intended

tobe

keptsecret·

feel

like:·Idon'tfeel

liketaking

atrip·

Feel

liketea

/coffee

/a

rest...·and

all:including

the

thing

or

things

just

mentioned

以及其它一切、等等·T

dal

te

the

whole

fish—head,bones,tail,·The

boss

promised

to

provide

me

with

acomputerandall.roundthecorner:very

near;comingsoonlanyahe·Icouldn't

havetold

himmy

name.·

Why?It

might

be

that

Simelane

had

been

actingas

if

he

were

admiring

somebody

else's

workof

art

and

therefore

it

would

be

embarrassingto

reveal

his

true

identity.He

did

not

want

theother

person

to

know

that

he

was

indulging

inadmiring

his

own

genius,esp.after

hearingthe

compliments

of

this

stranger.On

the

otherhand,it

might

also

show

that

Simelane

was

avery

humble

person,or

we

could

say

that's

acommon

characteristic

of

black

peoplebecauseofthesegregationanddiscrimination.·start

off:to

beginto

move;to

beginajourney·

Wedidn'texactlywalk

abreast,but

he

didn't

exactlywalk

infrontofme.·walkabreast:towalk

side

by

side·

Q:Isthereanysymbolicmeaning

of

the

sentence?Would

itbeaproblem

for

them

towalkabreast?·A:A

black

was

not

the

equal

of

white

so

theywould

neverwalksidebysideas

equals.·Constrain·V.

a.tostopsomeonefromdoingwhattheywantto

do●

b.to

limitsomething●

限制、克制、约束、抑制mFinancialfactorsshould

notconstraindoctorsfromprescribingthebesttreatmentfor

patients.mWomen'semploymentopportunitiesareoften·

Hefeltconstrainedtoacceptthe

invitation.·

A

constrained

smile:强

作

的

笑

容severelyconstrainedbyfamilycommitments.mConstrained

:被迫的；

强装出来的·

expel·

v.a.toforce

air,water,orgasetcoutofyourbody

or

out

ofa

container排出、喷出·

o

ci

fo

e

eone

to

leave

a

schoolor

organization把。。。除

名T

g

rls

were

expelled

from

school

for

takingsgiuodrw··.psomlingsrctheallyfromffiairtoelbExThe

main

opposition

leader

was

expelled

fromher

party.·suspend:·

1.to

hangfromabove;to

hangsoasto

allow

free

movement

悬

挂、

使

悬

浮

To

suspend

a

lamp

from

the

ceiling.·

3.to

preventfromtaking

part

inateam2.tostoporcauseto

be

inactivefora

period

oftime

停止、延缓·School

classes

were

suspended

for

fear

ofspreadofepidemic.·

polish(1)·v.&n.a.toandshinymake

something

smooth,bright,

by

rubbingit

擦

亮

、

抛

光·After

shehadpolished

thefurniture,sheAdthen

will

keep

the

uhbiniyn)to

a

surface

to

make

it

smooth

andsrns.awennhnwingisekiolthdlooped··furniture/shoe/floor,etc.polish

上光剂(=aliquid,powder,orothersubstancethatyou·

polish(2)·v.

ch

r

ma

ingp

ht

an

it·

before

it

is

completely

finishedo,aesritingwhfcoligcesiekabyoveetcimpetoeb.pn.s&Your

essayisgood,you

justneedtopolishit·C

'.s

writing

has

potential,but

it

lacks

polish.rlbaa·impersonaldoors:thedoors

lookedunfriendly,one

reason

might

be

they

lookedall

the

same

with

no

names

or

signs

on

themas

this

is

a

cheap

apartment

building·a.a.not

showing

any

feelings

of

sympathy,friendlinessetc.b.

r、s

n

that

is

impersonal·Business

lettersdo

not

haveto

beimpersonalandformal.I

hate

staying

in

hotels;they're

so

impersonal

.io的at淡itu冷o的e情plac有

感a没I

had

no

desire

to

work

for

a

large,impersonalorganization.does

not

make

people

feel

that

they

areimportant没有人

情味的·Justsigningyournameon

a

Christmas

cardseemstoo

impersonal.太

没

人

情

味·“Sorrythere's

nobrandy,"hesaid."Onlywine.Here's

happiness.”|brandy

isgenerallyconsidered

moreexpensivestuff.Van

Ransburgwantedtotreat·Here's

happiness:Let'sdrinktoyourhappiness.Van

Rensburgwasproposingatoast

(干杯、祝酒).his

guest—”"—with

the

best

thing

he

had.He

has

no

biasorprejudicetowards

black

people.

thwi

k(ni'

g,

only)

feeling

what

you

may

be·

a

gy

uju

r

uta

de

s

eoi

e'apartment,not

invited

intotheapartment,tositdownand

drinkproperly,howwouldyoufeel?·

You

might

bethinkingthat

itwasaninsult;sannomdrinkotoesweosIfas:pQntnas●·Iandthatwasmyfeelingat

the

moment.Besidesthisfeeling,therewassth.else.我当时的感觉

(不仅仅只是)就像你认为的一样。Iwasn'tonlyfeelingwhatyoumay

bethinking,

Iwasthinkingthatoneofthe

impersonaldoorsmightopenatanymoment,and

someone

mightsee

meinwhite"building,andsee

me

and

vanRensburgbreakingthe

liquorlawsofthe

country.Youmightbethinkingthat

itwas

an

insult

tohavemedrink

inthe

passage

insteadof

invitingme

intotheirapartment,tositdownanddrinkproperly.Yes,Iwasfeelingthatway.Buttherewassth.else.Iwasalsoafraidthatone

ofthecold,unfriendlydoorsmightopenat

any

momentandsomeonemightseeme

inthis"whites

only"building,drinkingwithawhitemanandbreakingaKhe

lawsondrinking.

Anger

could

have

saved

me

from

the

wholeembarrassingsituation,but

youknowIcan'teasilybeangry.ven

if

I

could

have

been,Imight

have

foung

it

hard

to

be

angry

with

thisparticularman.

愤怒也许可以使我从尴尬的局面中摆脱出来。Icouldhave

simply

leftthen

and

there

angrilyandthusfreedmyselffromtheawkwardsituation.

Butyouknow,I'mnot

thekindofpersonwhocaneasilygetangry.EvenifI

could,Imighthavefoundithardto

be

angrywiththisparticularman.He

seemed

sonice

tome.·

Talkoutone's

heart

to

sb.:·totelleverything

inone'smindthoroughlyandfreelytosb.;to把

心

里

话

告

诉

某

人Sometimeswe

needtotalkoutourhearttoourfriends.9

Come

and

talkoutyourhearttous.We're

readyto

offer

you

help.pouroutone'sfeelingsto

sb.·

.butnotforallthemoney

intheworld·notfor

all

themoneyin

theworld:undernocircumstances“dankie,my

noo”and“dankie,misses”,something

like"Thank

you,my

lady",wereconsidered

proper

in

this

context

for

blacks.t

a

hpaedr

,

i

ne

wouldyaitelgnimdSsnhisoHetedatchutdeeiknlaalkasotutnBcould

I

havesaidto

herdankie,

my

nooiorthatdisgustingdankie,misses,·

n

llti

ff

t

r,iik

ei

e

,uldAfrikaans,“Ekisadankbaar,Mevrou.”·

Takethe

riskof

it:to

take

one's

chanceAfrikanersFinally

hetook

hischanceand

used

an

expression

sowovroumI

sedens,ahdncanwhinooasmsskericeeapokch·

Mervou:

Madam,atitleofrespect,clearlyinappropriatefortheblack

personto

use.·

knock

sb.down:tohitsb.andmakethemfalldown

gt

e

edliteockonpkofndekiethishavis

place

aat

he

coulhhnsinttaean

forforge

in

Afrikoo·highAfrikaans:

Afrikaansspokenby

educated

whitelanguagewassupposedto

be

reserved

onlyfor

thewhite

people.

r

n

wing

the

effects

of

worry

or

too

muchwork

劳累的、

(神情)紧张的 Nina's

voice

sounded

strained

.·

She

looked

strainedand

haddarkcircles

beneath

hereyes.·

她眼圈发

黑，

看

上

去

一

脸

倦

容

。··shoed(1)aaiast··声音里

带

有

倦

意

·

听起来不自然·strained(2)·

a.b.a

strained

situation

or

behavior

is

not·A

的a、rg

re

s系a

a

的silence.ed张in紧r)st等a关w(ument

the不

友

好

的、fter

the不

自

然·I

couldn't

stand

the

strained

atmosphere

atdinnerany

more.

O

c

n

dip

r

yd

i

i

ney.mnemrahsteelvtoedmeascueefbhashIoausrelaer relaxed,natural,or

friendly·Astrainedsmile/laugh·

强

笑·

strainone'seyes/ears·

strainever