2021届新高考英语模拟汇编01 阅读理解之说明文一 解析版

2021届新高考数学备考艺考生百日冲刺

专题01阅读理解之说明文（一）

一、（福建省福州第一中学2021届高三期中）

Yourglassesmaysomedayreplaceyoursmartphone,andsomeNewYorkersarereadyfortheswitch.Somein

thecitycan'twaittotrythemonandusethemapsandGPSthatthefuturisticeyewearislikelytoinclude.

'TduseitifIwerehangingoutwithfriendsat3a.m.andgoingtothebarandwantedtoseewhatwasopen,“

saidWalterChoo,40,ofFortGreene.

Thesmartphone-likeglasseswilllikelycomeoutthisyearandcostbetween$250and$600,theTimessaid,

possiblyincludingavariationofaugmentedreality,atechnologyalreadyavailableonsmartphonesandtabletsthat

overlaysinfbnnationontothescreenaboutone'ssurroundings.So,forexample,ifyouwerewalkingdownastreet,

indicatorswouldpopupshowingyouthenearestcoffeeshopordirectionscouldbeplottedoutandcomeintoview

rightonthesidewalkinfrontofyou.

“Asfarasamainstreamconsumerproduct,thisjustisn'tsomethinganybodyneeds,“saidSamBiddle,who

writesforG."We'reaccustomedtohavingonethinginourpockettodoallthesethings,“headded,"and

theaverageconsumerisn'tgonnabeabletoaffordanotherdevicethat'shundredsandhundredsofdollars.“9to5

GooglepublisherSethWeintraub,whohasbeenreportingonthesmartphone-likeglassessincelastyear,saidheis

confidentthatthistypeofwearabledevicewilleventuallybeascommonassmartphones.

“It'sjustlikesmartphones10yearsago,"Weintraubsaid."Afewpeoplestartedgettingemailsontheirphones,

andpeoplethoughtthatwascrazy.Samekindofthing.Weseepeoplebendingtheirheadstolookattheir

smartphones,andit'sunnatural,hesaid,"There'sgonnabeimprovementstothat,andthisisastepthere.^^

4.Whichisoneofthepossiblefunctionsofthesmartphone-likeglasses?

A.Programingtheopeninghoursofabar.

B.Supplyingyouwithapictureofthefuture.

C.Providinginformationaboutyoursurroundings.

D.UpdatingthemapsandGPSinyoursmartphones.

5.AccordingtoSamBiddle,thesmartphone-likeglassesare.

A.necessaryforteenagersB.attractivetoNewYorkers

C.availabletopeopleworldwideD.expensiveforaverageconsumers

6.Whatcanwelearnaboutthesmartphone-likeglassesfromthelasttwoparagraphs?

A.Theymayhaveapotentialmarket.B.Theyareascommonassmartphones.

C.Theyarepopularamongyoungadults.D.Theywillbeimprovedbyanewtechnology.

【答案】

4.C

5.D

6.A

【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种类似智能手机的眼镜，介绍了其功能和价格以及人们

对它的看法。

4.细节理解题。根据第三段中“Thesmartphone-likeglasseswilllikelycomeoutIhisyearandcostbetween

$250and$600,theTimessaid,possiblyincludingavariationofaugmentedreality,atechnologyalreadyavailableon

smartphonesandtabletsthatoverlaysinformationontothescreenaboutone'ssurroundings.（《纽约时报》称，这

款类似智能手机的眼镜可能会在今年上市，价格在250美元到600美元之间，其中可能包括增强现实技术的

一种变化。增强现实技术已经出现在智能手机和平板电脑匕可以将周围环境的信息叠加在屏幕上）”可知，

C选项“提供你周围环境的信息”可能是这款类似智能手机的眼镜的功能。故选C。

5.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“andtheaverageconsumerisn'tgonnabeabletoaffordanotherdevice

that'shundredsandhundredsofdollars.（而普通消费者将无法负担另一个数百美元的设备）”可.知，SamBiddle

表示，这种类似智能手机的眼镜对普通消费者来说很昂贵。故选D。

6.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“9to5GooglepublisherSethWeintraub,whohasbeenreportingonthe

smartphone-likeglassessincelastyear,saidheisconfidentthatthistypeofwearabledevicewilleventuallybeas

commonassmartphones.（《朝九晚五》的出版商SethWeintraub从去年就开始报道这种类似智能手机的眼镜,

他说他相信这种可穿戴设备最终会像智能手机一样普遍）”以及最后一段中“Afewpeoplestartedgetting

emailsontheirphones,andpeoplethoughtthatwascrazy.Samekindofthing.Weseepeoplebendingtheirheadsto

lookattheirsmartphones,andifsunnatural（一些人开始通过手机收到电子邮件，人们认为这很疯狂。同样的事

情。我们将会看到人们低下头看他们的智能手机，觉得这是不自然的）”可知，类似智能手机的眼镜可能有

一个潜在的市场。故选A。

二、（福建省福州第一中学2021届高三期中）

Anewstudyhasfoundnoevidencethatsunscreen,commonlyusedtoreducetheriskofskincancer,actually

increasestherisk.

ResearchersfromtheUniversityofIowabasedtheirfindingsonareviewof18earlierstudiesthatlookedatthe

associstionbetweensunscreenuseandmelanoms（黑素瘤）.Theysaidthattheyfoundflawsinstudiesthathad

reportedassociationsbetweensunscreenuseandhigherriskofmelanoma.

Mosthealthexpertsbelievethatbyprotectingtheskinfromtheharmfuleffectsofthesun,sunscreenhelps

preventskincancer,whichisincreasinginincidence（发生率）fasterthananyothercancerintheUnitedStates.

Butquestionshavebeenraisedaboutsunscreenandwhetheritmayhavetheoppositeeffect,perhapsby

allowingpeopletoremainexposedtothesunlongerwithoutburning.

Theresearcherssaidthatamongtheproblemswithsomeearlierstudiesisthattheyoftenfailedtotakeinto

accountthatthosepeoplemostatriskforskincancer-peoplewithfairskinandfreckles（雀斑）,forexample一are

morelikelytousesunscreen.Asaresult,itmayappearthatsunscreenusersgetcancermoreoften.

Thestudies,whichgenerallyreliedonvolunteerstorecalltheirsunscreenuse,werealsounabletoprovehow

welltheproductshadbeenapplied,saidthenewstudy.

7.Whatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedword"flaws“inthe2ndparagraph?

A.EvidencesB.FactsC.FaultsD.Failures

8.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutpeoplewithfairskinandfreckles?

A.Theyseldomusesunscreen.

B.Theyaremoreindangerofskincancer.

C.Theycanbefreefromtheharmofthesun.

D.Theyoftenexposethemselvestothesun.

9.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A.Sunscreenusersgetskincancermoreoften.

B.Thevolunteershaveprovedtheeffectofsunscreen.

C.Thenewstudywasbasedontheexperiencesofvolunteers.

D.ThenumberofskincancerpatientsisincreasinginAmerica.

10.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthispassage?

A.SunscreentoPreventSkinCancer

B.SunscreentoIncreaseSkinCancer

C.SkinCancerCausedbySunscreen

D.SkinCancerCausedbyFreckles

【答案】

7.C

8.B

9.D

10.A

【解析】这是一篇说明文。一项新的研究表明，使用防晒霜不会增加人们患皮肤癌的几率，并提出了

两点理由来证明此观点。

7.词义猜测题。根据第一段“Anewstudyhasfoundnoevidencethatsunscreen,commonlyusedtoreducethe

riskofskincancer,actuallyincreasestherisk.（一项新的研究发现，没有证据表明通常用来降低患皮肤癌风险的

防晒霜实际上会增加患皮肤癌的风险。）“结合第二段划线词所在句子“Theysaidthattheyfoundflawsinstudies

thathadreportedassociationsbetweensunscreenuseandhigherriskofmelanoma.（他们说，他们发现研究报告的

缺陷，使用防晒霜和较高的黑素瘤风险之间的联系。）“可知这个研究结论是存在错误的，因此“flaw”的意思

应为有错误的，故选C项。

8.细节理解题。根据第五段”■—peoplewithfairskinandfreckles（雀斑），forexample—aremorelikelyto

usesunscreen.Asaresult,itmayappearthatsunscreenusersgetcancermoreoften.（例如,皮肤白皙、有雀斑的

人更倾向于使用防晒霜。因此，使用防晒霜的人更容易患癌症。户可知白皮肤和有雀斑的人更有可能得皮肤

癌，B项表述正确，故选B项。

9.细节理解题。根据第三段"Mosthealthexpertsbelievethatbyprotectingtheskinfromtheharmfuleffects

ofthesun,sunscreenhelpspreventskincancer,whichisincreasinginincidence（发生率）fasterthananyother

cancerintheUnitedStates.（大多数健康专家认为，防晒霜通过保护皮肤免受太阳的有害影响，有助于预防皮

肤癌。在美国，皮肤癌的发病率增长速度比其他任何癌症都要快。户可知美国的皮肤癌的病人数量在增加，

故选D项。

10.主旨大意题。根据第•段”Anewstudyhasfoundnoevidencethatsunscreen,commonlyusedtoreduce

theriskofskincancer,actuallyincreasestherisk.（一项新的研究发现，没有证据表明通常用来降低患皮肤癌风

险的防晒霜实际上会增加患皮肤癌的风险。户结合全文谈论防晒霜与皮肤癌的关系，并从最新的研究中证明

防晒霜可以帮助预防皮肤癌可知A项内容是最好的标题，故选A项。

三、（福建省宁德市2021届第质量检查）

DuringtheSecondWorldWar,Dr.WilliamWalshservedonaU.S.NavyshipintheSouthPacific.While

servingthere,WalshobservedthepoorhealthconditionsinwhichthepeopleoftheSouthPacificlived.

Afterthewarendedin1945,WalshfoundedanorganizationcalledProjectHope.Itsgoalwastobringhealth

educationandcaretopeopleinpoorcountriesaroundtheworld.In1958,WalshconvincedU.S.President

EisenhowertoallowProjectHopetorentaU.S.Navyhospitalshipforjustonedollarayear.Manycompaniesand

ordinarypeopledonatedmoneytoProjectHope.Theorganizationusedthefundstoturnthenavyshipintoacivilian

hospitalshipcalledtheSSHope.

Duringthenext14years,theSSHopetraveledtoeveryregionoftheworld.Whereveritwent,itprovidedhealth

careforneedypeopleandhelpedpoorcountriesestablishtheirownhealthcaresystems.In1974,theSSHopewas

retiredfromservice,andProjectHopebegantoprovidehealthcareonlandinstead.

ThestoryoftheSSHopeinspiredDonandDeyonStephenstobuyapassengershipin1978andtransformitinto

anotherhospitalship.Sincethen,theirorganization,calledMercyShips,hassentshipsequippedwithmedical

suppliesandhospitalbedsaroundtheworld.Doctorsvolunteertotravelontheseshipsandperformfreesurgerieson

peoplewhoneedthem.Theycarcorrectpeople'svision,straightenbentlimbs,fixcleftpalates（腭裂）,removefacial

tumors（肿痛）andmore.MercyShipsalsoprovidesmedicalequipmentforlocalhealthclinicsandbuildsmedical

facilities.Inaddition,itteacheslocalpeoplehowtofarmtheirlandmoreeffectivelyandmoresustainably.

8.WhydidWalshsetupProjectHope?

A.Tobringthewartoanend.B.Toimprovemedicalservice.

C.ToserveontheU.S.NavyshipD.TorentaU.S.Navyhospitalship.

9.WhatdoweknowabouttheSSHope?

A.Itwasamovablehospital.B.Itwasinservicefor20years.

C.Itwasabadly-equippedhospitalD.Itwasretiredfromservicein1958.

10.Whatsurgeriesarementionedinthetext?

a.Correctingvision.

b.Straighteningcleftpalates.

c.Repairingcleftpalates

d.Gettingridoffacialtumors.

e.Removingbentlimbs.

A.aceB.bdeC.bedD.acd

11.WiththehelpofMercyShips,whatcanlocalpeoplelearntodo?

A.TobuildmedicalfacilitiesB.Tousemedicalequipment.

C.Toworkthelandbetter.D.Toperformsurgeries.

【答案】

8.B

9.A

10.D

11.C

【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了WilliamWalsh、Don和DeyonStephen成立医疗船，游

遍世界，为有需要的人提供医疗保健，并帮助贫穷国家建立自己的医疗保健系统，以及教当地人如何更有

效和更可持续地耕种他们的土地。

8.细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Itsgoalwastobringhealtheducationandcaretopeopleinpoorcountries

aroundtheworld.（它的目标是将健康教育和保健带给世界各地贫穷国家的人们。）”可知，希望工程的建

立是为了改善世界各地贫穷国家的医疗服务。B选项Toimprovemedicalservice.（改善医疗服务。）符合文

意。故选B项。

9.细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Theorganizationusedthefundstoturnthenavyshipintoacivilianhospital

shipcalledlheSSHope.（该组织利用这笔资金将这艘海军船变成了一艘名为SSHope的民用医院船。）”和

第三段“Duringthenext14years,theSSHopetraveledtoeveryregionoftheworld.（在接下来的14年里，希

望号游遍了世界的每一个地区。）”可知，希望号是一艘可以移动的民用医院船。故选A项。

10.细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Theycarcorrectpeople'svision,straightenbentlimbs,fixcleftpalates,

removefacialtumorsandmore.（它们可以矫正人们的视力，伸直弯曲的四肢，修复腭裂，切除面部肿瘤等

等。）“可知,文章提到四种手术,分别是correctpeople'svision（矫正人们的视力），straightenbentlimbs

（伸直弯曲的四肢），fixcleftpalates（修复腭裂）和removefacialtumors（切除面部肿瘤）。e项Removing

bentlimbs.（移除弯曲的四肢。）,b项Straighteningcleftpalates.（矫正腭裂。）与文意不符，所以选择a、

c、e项。故选D项。

11.细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Inaddition,itteacheslocalpeoplehowtofarmtheirlandmoreeffectively

andmoresustainably.（此外，它教当地人如何更有效和更可持续地耕种他们的土地。）“可知，仁爱船可以

教当地人更有效的耕种。C选项Toworkthekindbetter.（更好的耕种）符合文意。故选C项。

四、（福建省宁德市2021届第质量检查）

Growingup,“family“meantsomethingverydifferenttoBiancaJonesMarlin.Herbiologicalparentsprovided

attendancetomultiplechildren,givingMarlinthejoyofhavingmanybrothersandsistersfromdifferentbackgrounds.

Onoccasions,shewouldstayuplatelisteningtothestoriesfromtheirpasthomes-storiesfilledwithsufferingand

sadness.ThesestorieshadalastingimpactonMarlin.uTherewerestoriesofabuse,ofnotgettingthepropernutrition

orpropercarethatachildwouldneed,^^Marlinsays."TakingmypassionforscienceandwhatI'velearnedfromthe

stories,andputtingthemtogetheriswhatIreallywanttodo.”

Todayasaneurobiologist,Marlinresearcheshowsufferingcanbepasseddownfromgenerationtogeneration.

AtColumbiaUniversity'sZuckermanInstitute,shestudiesthemolecularmechanismsofstressesinparentsthatcan

affectthebrainstructureandesensoryexperiencesoftheirfuturegenerations.

Marlin'sinvestigationsexamineaprocessknownasepigeneticinheritance,inwhichbiochemicalmarkers

acquiredfromexperiencesorenvironmentalconditionscanchangehowourgenesareexpressedinsideofcells.Inthe

caseofthemicesheworkswith,Marlincreatesastressfulassociationwithaparticularsmell,whichinturnincreases

thenumberofolfactorycellsinsidethemice'sbrainsusedtodetectthatspecificsmell.Shethenlooksatwhetheror

notthechildrenarebornwithmoreoftheseolfactorycellsasaresultoftheirparent'ssuffering.Ifthatprovestobe

true,Marlinplanstofindandpotentiallyevenaffecttheepigeneticswitchesresponsibleforchangingthechildren's

biologyorbehavior-eventuallyimprovingtheoutcomesforthechildren.

“Thepassionofmyworkstemsfrommydesiretoapplyneurobiologyandthescienceoflearningto

understandinghowbothpositiveandnegativeexperiencesinlifeinfluencebrainhealth.^^saysMarlin.

12.WhatisthemainideaofParagraph1?

A.Marlin'sinterestinscience.B.Marlin'ssufferinginchildren.

C.TheinfluenceofthestoriesonMarlin.D.ThebriefintroductiontoMarlin'sfamily.

13.Whatisthefunctionofolfactorycells?

A.Tosensespecificstress.B.Tolessenthemice'ssuffering.

C.Tochangeepigeneticinheritance.D.Todiscoversomeparticularsmell.

14.WhatcanbelearnedfromParagraph3?

A.Olfactorycellsdecreaseinthemiceinthetest.

B.Marlinhasimprovedtheoutcomesforthechildren.

C.Biochemicalmarkersarelikelytochangegeneexpression.

D.Parents9sufferingcan'tbepasseddowntotheirchildren.

15.Whereisthetextprobablyfrom?

A.Asciencemagazine.B.Atraveljournal.

C.Anexhibitionguidebook.D.Aliteraturereview.

【答案】

12.C

13.D

14.C

15.A

【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了BiancaJonesMarlin因为小时候受到来自不同背景兄弟姐妹

的故事的影响，决定把对科学的热情和从故事中学到的东西结合起来，于是今天，作为一名神经生物学家，

Marlin研究痛苦是如何代代相传的。文章介绍了她的研究过程以及她对自己工作的看法。

12.主旨大意题。根据第一段"Growingup,“family"meantsomethingverydifferenttoBiancaJonesMarlin.

Herbiologicalparentsprovidedattendancetomultiplechildren,givingMarlinthejoyofhavingmanybrothersand

sistersfromdifferentbackgrounds.Onoccasions,shewouldstayuplatelisteningtothestoriesfromtheirpast

homes-storiesfilledwithsufferingandsadness.ThesestorieshadalastingimpactonMarlin."Therewerestoriesof

abuse,ofnotgettingthepropernutritionorpropercarethatachildwouldneed,“Marlinsays."Takingmypassionfbr

scienceandwhatI'velearnedfromthestories,andputtingthemtogetheriswhatIreallywanttodo.”（BiancaJones

Marlin在成长过程中对“家庭”有着截然不同的理解。她的亲生父母照顾了她的多个孩子，这让Marlin感

到很高兴，因为她有很多来自不同背景的兄弟姐妹。有时，她会熬夜听他们过去的故事一一充满痛苦和悲

伤的故事。这些故事对Marlin产生了持久的影响。Marlin说：“有关于虐待的故事，关于没有得到孩子所

需要的适当的营养或适当的照顾的故事，把我对科学的热情和我从故事中学到的东西结合起来，这是我真

正想做的°“）”可知，第一段的主要思想是故事对Marlin的影响。故选C。

13.细节理解题。根据第三段中“Inthecaseofthemicesheworkswith,Marlincreatesastressfulassociation

withaparticularsmell,whichinturnincreasesthenumberofolfactorycellsinsidethemice'sbrainsusedtodetect

thatspecificsmell.（在她研究的老鼠身上，Marlin创造了一种与特定气味有关的压力，这反过来增加了老鼠大

脑中用来检测特定气味的嗅觉细胞的数量）”可知，嗅觉细胞的功能是发现某种特殊的气味。故选D。

14.细节理解题。根据第三段中uMarlin'sinvestigationsexamineaprocessknownasepigeneticinheritance,

inwhichbiochemicalmarkersacquiredfromexperiencesorenvironmentalconditionscanchangehowourgenesare

expressedinsideofcells.（Marlin的研究考察了•种被称为表观遗传的过程，即从经验或环境条件中获得的生

化标记可以改变我们的基因在细胞内的表达方式）”可知，生化标记可能改变基因表达。故选C。

15.推理判断题。根据文章主要介绍了BiancaJonesMarlin因为小时候受到来自不同背景兄弟姐妹的故

事的影响，决定把对科学的热情和从故事中学到的东西结合起来，于是今天，作为一名神经生物学家，Marlin

研究痛苦是如何代代相传的。文章介绍了她的研究过程以及她对自己工作的看法。可推知，文章可能选自

科学杂志。故选A。

五、（福建省厦门第一中学2021届高三月考）

TheWallStreetJournalrecentlypublishedanexcellentarticlepennedbyWendyBoundsonahottopichereat

MNN:theair-purifyingqualitiesofthecommonhouseplant.Giventhattheairinsideyourhomecanbe2to5times

morepollutedthantheairoutsideofit,makingitcleanwithplantslikepeacelily（百合花）andasparagusfem（芦笋

蕨）isaneconomical,artisticallypleasingalternativetoairpurifiers.So,it'sbeenacknowledgedthatabunchofpretty

pottedhouseplantscanhelpyoumaintainahealthierhome,butasmarterhome?

That'sthequestioninlightofarecentstudypublishedbytheJournalofEnvironmentalPsychologyshowingthat

thepresenceofplantsinaroom,particularlyinanofficeenvironment,canshrinkatlectionspan（范Bl）.Struggling

directiveattention（thekindofattentionthattakeseffort）canberefreshedthroughexposuretonaturalistic

environments.Basically,takingawalkthroughtheparkcanclearone*shead.Butcanaheadberefreshedsimplyby

beingsurroundedbyhouseplants?

Totesttheirtheory,thestudy'sauthorsroundedupabunchofparticipants,putsomeoftheminaroomwithno

plantsandputothersinaroomwithfourplantsplacedaroundadesk,andputthemalltothesameseriesoftests.First

wasaReadingSpanTest,whichinvolvesreadingaseriesofsentencesaloudandrememberingthelastwordineach

sentence.Thistaskrequiresthatyoufluentlyswitchbetweenattentiondemandingtasks:fromreadingand

memorizingatonemoment,towritingandrecallingatthenext.Nextcameaproof-readingtaskfollowedbyanother

ReadingSpanTest.

Theresults?ParticipantsworkingintheroomwiththeplantsimprovedtheirperformancefromthefirstReading

SpanTesttothesecondwhilethoseworkingintheroomlackingingreenerydidnot.Consequently,thebenefitsof

workingamongplantsisindeedevident.

27.Whatdoweknowfromthefirstparagraph?

A.Stayingindoorscanhelpavoidthepoorerairoutdoors.

B.Houseplantscanfunctionasbeautifulcheapairpurifiers.

C.Plantingpottedflowersasdecorationsisveryinteresting.

D.Airpurifiersarethemosteffectivetocreateahealthyhome.

28.Whatdoestheunderlinedpartinparagraph2probablyreferto?

A.Focusone'sattention.B.Disturbone'sattention.

C.Weakenone*sattention.D.Turnone'sattentionaway.

29.Whatdoesthetestprove?

A.Workinginnaturehelpsincreaseproductivity.

B.Houseplantswillbeingreatdemandinourlife.

C.Greenerycreateshealthiernaturalisticatmosphereindoors.

D.Workingamonghouseplantsimprovesmentalfunctioning.

30.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.Flowers:GrandFeasttoEyesB.Greenery:EffectiveAir-purifier

C.Houseplants:VisualBrainFoodD.PottedPlants:GreatHouse-beautifier

【答案】

27.B

28.A

29.D

30.C

【解析】本文是一篇说明文。有文章指出室内植物可以作为漂亮便宜的空气净化器，帮助你保持一个

更健康的家。同时通过实验证明了室内植物还可以很好地提高人们的注意力，对大脑的工作效果起到积极

作用。

27.细节理解题。根据第一段中Giventhattheairinsideyourhomecanbe2to5timesmorepollutedthanthe

airoutsideofit,makingitcleanwithplantslikepeacelily（百合花）andasparagusfem（芦笋蕨）isaeconomical,

artisticallypleasingalternativetoairpurifiers.可知，鉴于室内空气污染比室外空气污染严重2到5倍，用百合

花、芦笋蕨这些植物来取代空气净化器净化室内空气即经济实惠又美观。由此可知，室内植物可以作为漂

亮便宜的空气净化器。故选B。

28.词义猜测题。根据后文Strugglingdirectiveattention（thekindofattentionthattakeseffort）canbe

refreshedthroughexposuretonaturalisticenvironments.可知挣扎的注意力（需要努力的注意力）可以通过置身于

自然环境中来恢复。据此可推知，划线短语即指注意力得到恢复，变得更专注。故选A。

29.细节理解题。根据第四段中Participantsworkingintheroomwiththeplantsimprovedtheirperformance

fromthefirstReadingSpanTesttothesecondwhilethoseworkingintheroomlackingingreenerydidnot.

Consequently,thebenefitsofworkingamongplantsisindeedevident.可知在有植物的房间里工作的参与者，从

第一次阅读测试到第二次阅读测试，他们的表现有所提高，而在没有植物的房间里工作的参与者则没有提

高。因此，在植物间工作的好处是显而易见的。由此可知，测试证明了在室内植物间工作可以改善精神功

能。故选Do

30.主旨大意题。根据第四段中Participantsworkingintheroomwiththeplantsimprovedtheirperformance

fromthefirstReadingSpanTesttothesecondwhilethoseworkingintheroomlackingingreenerydidnot.

Consequently,thebenefitsofworkingamongplantsisindeedevident.可知在有植物的房间里工作的参与者，从

第•次阅读测试到第二次阅读测试，他们的表现有所提高，而在没有植物的房间里工作的参与者则没有提

高。结合全文内容可知本文介绍室内植物可以很好地提高人们的注意力，对大脑的工作效果起到积极作用。

故C选项“室内植物：视觉脑食物”符合文章标题。故选C。

六、（福建省厦门双十中学2021届高三期中）

Astudyofmorethanfivemillionbooks,bothfictionandnon-fiction,hasfoundamarkeddeclineintheuseof

emotionalwordsovertime.TheresearchersformtheUniversityofBristolusedGoogleNgramViewer,anonline

databaseforfindingthefrequencyoftermsinscannedbooks,tolookformorethan600particularwordsidentifiedas

representinganger,dislike,fear,joy,sadnessandsurprise.

Theyfoundthatalmostallofthecategoriesshowedadropinthese"moodwords“overtime.Onlyinthe

categoryoffearwasthereanincreaseinusage.

“Itisasteadyandcontinuousdecline,saidDrAlbertoAcerbi.Heassumedthattheresultmightbeexplainedby

achangeinthepositionoccupiedbyliterature,inacrowdedmedialandscape.440nethingcouldbethatinparallelto

booksthe20thcenturysawthestartofothermedia.Maybethesemedia-movies,radio,drama-hadmoreemotional

contentthanbooks.”

Althoughbothjoyandsadnessfollowedthegeneraldownwardstrend,theresearch,publishedinthejournal

PLOSOne,foundthattheyalsoexhibitedanotherinterestingbehavior:theratio（比率）betweenthetwovaried

greatly,apparentlymirroringhistoricalevents.DuringtheRoaringTwentiesthejoy-to-sadnessratioreachedits

highestpointthatwouldnotoccuragainuntilbeforetherecentfinancialcrash.Then,in1941,theratioplungedatthe

heightofWorldWarII.

Nevertheless,theresearchersheldareservedopinionabouttheirclaimthattheirresultreflectedwidersocial

trends.Inthepaper,theyevenarguethattheoppositecouldbetrue.uIthasbeensuggested,fbrexample,thatitwas

thesuppression（压抑）ofdesireinordinaryElizabethanEnglishlifethatincreaseddemandfbrwriting'filledwith

romanceperhaps/5theyconclude,t€songsandbooksmaynotreflecttherealpopulationanymorethancatwalk

modelsreflecttheaveragebody.”

27.Thestudywascarriedoutbywayof.

A.scanningthebookswithanonlinescannerB.countingthenumberofwordsinthebooks

C.searchingdigitizedtextsforemotionalwordsD.analyzingdifferenttopicsofthebooks

28.Whichofthefollowingisoneoftheresearchfindings?

A.Usagedecreasedinallthecategoriesofmoodwords.

B.Usageofmostmoodwordskeptfallingovertime.

C.Thedeclinewascausedbytheriseofothermedia.

D.Theunfavorablepositionofliteratureledtothedecline.

29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"plunged“probablymean?

A.increasedB.changedC.droppedD.twisted

30.Theresearcherssuspectthat.

A.theirresearchresultreflectedwidersocialtrends.

B.theirresearchresultwasthecontraryofsocialtrends.

C.therewasasuppressionofdesireinElizabethanEnglishlife.

D.catwalkmodelsreflectthepopulationbetterthansongsandbooks.

【答案】

27.C

28.B

29.C

30.B

【解析】这是一篇说明文。有研究发现，在各种类型的书籍中，表达情感的词汇用量在下降，单单表

达恐惧的词汇用量呈上升趋势，文章分析了造成这种情绪词汇下降的原因，指出表示快乐的词汇用量与表

示悲伤的词汇用量这两者的比率，间接反映出历史事件和社会趋势。

27.细节理解题。根据第一段中“TheresearchersformtheUniversityofBristolusedGoogleNgramViewer,

anonlinedatabaseforfindingthefrequencyoftermsinscannedbooks,tolookformorethan600particularwords

identifiedasrepresentinganger,dislike,fearJoy,sadnessandsurprise.（来自布里斯托尔大学的研究人员使用谷歌

NgramViewer--------个查找扫描书籍中词汇出现频率的在线数据库，寻找了600多个代表愤怒、不喜欢、恐

惧、高兴、悲伤和惊讶的特定词汇）”可知，这项研究是通过在数字化文本中搜索情感词汇来进行的。故选

Co

28.细节理解题。根据第二段中“Theyfoundthatalmostallofthecategoriesshowedadropinthese'mood

wordsPverlime.（他们发现，随着时间的推移，几乎所有类别的“情绪词汇”都有所下降）”可知，B选项“大

多数情绪词的使用随着时间的推移而不断下降”是研究发现之一。故选B。

29.词义猜测题。根据戈I线I词上文uAlthoughbothjoyandsadnessfollowedthegeneraldownwardstrend,the

research,publishedinthejournalPLOSOne,foundthattheyalsoexhibitedanotherinterestingbehavior:theratio（kL

率）betweenthetwovariedgreatly,apparentlymirroringhistoricalevents.DuringtheRoaringTwentiesthe

joy-to-sadnessratioreacheditshighestpointthatwouldnotoccuragainuntilbeforetherecentfinancialcrash.“可

知“欢乐悲伤比率”最高的两个时期分别是“咆哮的二十年代”和金融危机前，其他时期都遵循了普遍的

下降趋势，故1941年，在第二次世界大战最激烈的时候，这一比例在下降。画线词意思为“下降”。A.

increased增加；B.changed改变；C.dropped下降；D.twisted扭曲。故选C。

30.细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Nevertheless,theresearchersheldareservedopinionabouttheirclaim

thattheirresultreflectedwidersocialtrends.Inthepaper,theyevenarguethattheoppositecouldbetrue.（然而，研

究人员对他们的结果反映了更广泛的社会趋势的说法持保留意见。在论文中，他们甚至认为，情况可能恰

恰相反）”可知，研究人员怀疑他们的研究结果与社会趋势相反。故选B。

七、（福建省漳州市2021届高三测试）

IsraelicompanyWatergenhasproducedanappliancethatcangen