Unit-2-Chinese-Philosophy市公开课一等奖省赛课微课金奖课件

ChinesePhilosophyandReligionAileenHe

中国文化1/23UnitGoalsTogainageneralknowledgeofancientChinesephilosophyTobefamiliarwiththekeyfiguresinChinesephilosophyandtheirideasTolearnaboutthesimilaritiesanddifferencebetweenChineseandWesternphilosophyTolearnusefulwordsandexpressionsconcerningphilosophicalandethicalconceptsandimproveEnglishlanguageskills2/23ContentsWarm-up:TestKnowledgeaboutConfuciusandConfucianismTheDevelopmentofAncientChinesePhilosophyTheBasicFeaturesofAncientChinesePhilosophyCharacteristicsofChineseEthicsandMorality3/23Warm-up:testyourknowledgeConfuciuswasbornin551BCintheStateof____during____ofancientChinaattoday’sQufuinShandongProvince.Infact,Confuciuswasa____namegivenbyWesternscholarswiththemeaningofmaster,andhisrealnamewasQiuand____nameZhongni.Itissaidthatsome3000youngmencametostudyunderhimand72amongthemcametobeknownashis_____.IntheHandynasty,Confuciusworksformedthebasisofcivilserviceexaminations.Afterupsanddowns,thespreadofConfucianismwasencouragedintheTangdynasty.Confucianismreturnedasanorthodoxstateteachingeversince.4/23DevelopmentThephilosophyinPre-Qintimes（先秦子学）OrthodoxphilosophyduringtheHandynasty（两汉经学）MetaphysicsduringtheWeiandJindynasty（魏晋玄学）TheBuddhistphilosophyduringtheSuiandTangdynasties（隋唐佛学）Neo-ConfucianisminSongandMingdynasties（宋明理学）ApplicationphilosophyintheMingandQingdynasties（明清实学）March5/23ThephilosophyinPre-QintimesThephilosophyinPre-Qintimeswasmarkedbytheemergenceofvariousancientphilosophicalviews.ThemostinfluentialschoolswereConfucianismTaoismMohismLegalismMarch6/23ConfucianismfirstcreatedbyConfucius,andthendevelopedbyMenciusaChineseethicalandphilosophicalsystemdevelopedfromtheteachingsofConfuciusadvocatesthebenevolenceandjustice,allegianceandforbearance（仁、义、忠、恕）andthedoctrineofthegoldenmeanandvaluestheethicalrelationsofman7/23Confucianclassics“FourBooks”and“FiveClassics”:thefoundationofmuchofthesubsequentChinesespeculationontheeducationandcomportmentoftheidealmanTheAnalectsofConfuciusTheGreatLearningMenciusTheDoctrineoftheMeanTheBookofChangesTheBookofDocumentsTheBookofPoetryTheRecordsofRitesTheSpringandAutumnAnnalsMarch8/23MaindoctrineofConfuciusRen—theessenceofallConfucius’teachingsBenevolence,charity,magnanimity,sincerity,altruism,diligence,respectfulness…extensions:loyalty,righteousness,filialpiety,courage,wisdom,faithfulnessPoliticaldimension:Aninhumanerulerrunstheriskoflosingthe“MandateofHeaven”.Donotdotootherswhatyouwouldn’tlikethemtodotoyou.March9/23Li:thegreatestprincipleoflivingWhenpeoplelivebyLithesocietywillattainorderandharmony.Everyonehashisproperpositioninthesocialgroupandasetofdutiesisprescribedtoeachroleapersonundertakesinthefamilyandsociety.Understandingone’sstatusandroleexpectationiscrucialforgoodenvironmentandsocialorder.March10/23GovernmentbyVirtue子曰：“为政以德，譬如北辰，居其所，而众星共之。”Confucius:Hewhoexercisesgovernmentbymeansofhisvirtuemaybecomparedtothenorthpolarstar,whichkeepsitsplaceandallthestarsturntowardsit.子曰:“道之以政,齐之以刑,民免而无耻;道之以德,齐之以礼,有耻且格。”Ifthepeoplebeledbylaws,anduniformitysoughttobegiventhembypunishments,theywilltrytoavoidthepunishment,buthavenosenseofshame.Iftheybeledbyvirtue,anduniformitysoughttobegiventhembytherulesofpropriety,theywillhavethesenseofshame,andmoreoverwillbecomegood.March11/23TheGoldenMeanModerationofone’sbehavior,standing“centralandbalanced”indealingwiththingsorhumanbeingsWithoutextremeaction,emotionorthoughtWithemphasisonthecultivationofthemindthroughmediationandcautionsagainstbodilypleasuresMarch12/23子曰：“学而时习之，不亦乐乎？有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎？人不知而不温，不亦君子乎？”子曰：“三人行，必有我师焉。择其善者而从之，其不善者而改之。”祸兮福之所倚，福兮祸之所伏。不患人之不己知，患不知人也。March13/23ErrorCorrectionTheycreatedamorecompletemetaphysicthanthathadexistedbefore.ThemaindoctrinesofConfuciuscanbesummarizedasfollowing.Anautocraticrulerisreexhortedtorefrainactinginhumanelytowardsthesubjects.DespiteofitslossofinfluenceduringtheTangdynasty,ConfuciusdoctrinewasthedominantforceinChinesethoughtfortwomillenniauntiltheendoftheEmpirein1911.TheConfucianphilosophy,mostencodedintheConfucianclassics—namelythe“FourBooks”and“FiveClassics”,formthefoundationofmuchofthesubsequentChinesespeculationfortheeducationandcomportmentoftheidealmen.March14/23TaoismFoundedbyLaoZiandZhuangZi,theschooladvocatesthedoctrinethattheDaoisthecourse,theprinciple,thesubstance,andthestandardofallthings,towhichallofthemmustconform.BasedontheworkofDaoDeJing,Taoismpromotesthebeliefthatapersonshouldliveasimplelife,nottostriveforwealth,fameorpower,whichwillonlygiveoneworriesandtrouble.Theschoolfavorsthepoliticalprincipleof“achievinggoodgovernmentthroughnon-action”.15/23LaoZi’sCentralprinciple

Themyriadthingsoftheuniverseareallmanifestationsofwhatisreallyaninterconnectedorganicunity(andthusaninseparablewhole),whichmaintainitsownbalanceandharmony.万事万物都是相生相克。世界像链条，环环相扣，繁衍生息，在相互制约中到达平衡。Everythingarisesfromanessentiallyunexplainablesource—theTaoitself.万物始于道。March16/23PhilosophyofZhuangZiAllthingsarerelative.Letnaturetakeitscourse.Followingthewayofnature.March17/23StoriesofZhuangZi昔者庄周梦为蝴蝶，栩栩然蝴蝶也。自喻适志与庄子画像。不知周也。俄然觉，则蘧蘧然周也。不知周之梦为蝴蝶与？蝴蝶之梦为周与？周与蝴蝶则必有分矣。此之谓物化。庄子与惠子游于濠梁之上。庄子曰：“儵鱼出游从容，是鱼之乐也。”惠子曰：“子非鱼，安知鱼之乐？”庄子曰：“子非我，安知我不知鱼之乐？”惠子曰：“我非子，固不知子矣；子固非鱼也，子之不知鱼之乐，全矣。”庄子曰：“请循其本。子曰‘汝安知鱼乐’云者，既已知吾知之而问我，我知之濠上也。March18/23ZhuangZi’swisdomAllexistingthingsarereallyone.Weregardthosethatarebeautifulandrarearebeautifulandrareasvaluable,andthosethatareuglyasfoulandrotten.Thefoulandrottenmaycometobetransformedintowhatisrareandvaluable.臭腐复化为神奇，神奇复化为臭腐。故曰“通天下一气耳”。Thereisalimittoourlives,butthereisnolimittoknowledge.吾生也有涯，而知也无涯。Thefutureisnottobewaitedfor;thepastisnottobesoughtagain.来世不可待，往事不可追也。March19/23Mohism

BasedontheteachingofMozi,theschoolcherishesuniversallovewhichstatesthat