研究生英语综合教程下unit8省公开课金奖全国赛课一等奖微课获奖课件

高等院校硕士英语系列教材综合教程（下）INTEGRATEDCOURSE1/992Unit3

LeisureActivity

2/99

Content

Startingout

ReadingFocus

ReadingMore

PracticalTranslation

FocusedWriting

FinalProject3/99Task1Watchthefollowingvideocarefully

tolearnhowglobalwarmingisthreateningthetraditionalwayoflifeontheChesapeakeBay'sSmithIslandasitswaterlevelrisesanditsbluecrabstocksdwindle

andcompletetheblank-fillingexercise.StartingoutClickthepictureforvideo4/99SmithIsland

SmithIslandisalonelyoutpost,12milesoutinthelowerChesapeakeBay.Theshallowgrassywatersaroundtheclusterofislandsthat_________SmithIslandaresomeofthebestbluecrabhabitatintheBay.Formorethan300yearsthepeopleherehave________

nature’shardships.But,increasingly,theysensethatamore___________futureliesahead.Thewatermenarebringinginsmallercatches,andprofits______________.compriseenduredprecariousfallingdown5/99Thepopulationhasdroppedfrommorethan800toabout300overthelast100years,andSmithIslandis______________.MostoftheIslandisonly1footabovesealevel.Thehigherareaswherethepeoplelivearejust2-4feetabovethewater.CoastalecologistssaytheChesapeakeBayhasrisenbymorethanahalffootoverthepastcenturyand___________________________.

losingitslandcontinuestoswallowtheland6/99

CrumblingwoodencrabshacksandbatteredbulwarksaretestimonytotheIsland’s____________tothesea.TohelptheIslanders’beatbackthebay,thearmycallofengineerslaunchedaplanto_______newbulkheadsandstonebreakwatersaroundTanleten,partofamulti-million-dollarplanto_______________

__________________________________.vulnerabilityinstall

persuadepeopletostayslowerosionand7/99

_________________________________________

__________“Ifahurricanecategory4comesupandactuallyhitsthisIsland,Ithinkitcouldbeflattened.Itprobablyisthecasethatoverthenextcenturyif_______________________________________,weprobablywillhaveafewhigherspots,butnotmuchmore.”Mostpeoplehopethattheneweffortstostemerosioncanatleastdelaytheinevitablesothatoneortwomoregenerationscan____________hereattheedgeofthesea.Despitethisproject,SmithIslandmayberunningoutoftime.

wecan'tgetcontrolofthegreenhousegasesmakealiving8/99Discussingroupsthefollowingquestions:1.What’stherelationshipbetweenmanandnature?2.Manyspeciesofwildlifearereportedtohavebecomeextinctortobeonthevergeofextinction.Whatdoyouthinkcausesthisproblem?3.Inyouropinion,whatmeasuresshouldbetakentopreservethebiodiversityofwildlife?

Startingout—Task29/99Usefulwordsandexpressions:interrelated/inseparable/interdependent/interactiveprotect/benefit/hamonydestruct/disaster/takerevengeon

globalwarming/greenhouseeffectearthquake/flood/sandstormStartingout—Task21.What’stherelationshipbetweenmanandnature?10/992.Manyspeciesofwildlifearereportedtohavebecomeextinctortobeonthevergeofextinction.Whatdoyouthinkcausesthisproblem?Sample:—PhysicalAlterationofHabitat—CommercialHuntingandHarvesting—TheIntroductionofForeignSpecies—PestandPredatorControl

11/99—TheCollectionofAnimalsandPlantsforHumanEnjoyment,Research,andOtherpurposes—Pollution—BiologicalFactorsthatContributetoExtinction—TheLossofKeystoneSpecies—AMultiplicityofFactors

Manyfactorsactingtogethercontributetothelossofbiodiversity.Thesefactorsmaysynergizetoproducealevelofdevastationfargreaterthananticipated.12/99Open-ended.Startingout—Task23.Inyouropinion,whatmeasuresshouldbetakentopreservethebiodiversityofwildlife?

13/99ThinkingLikeaMountainReadingFocus14/99

GlobalUnderstanding

2DetailedInformation3CriticalThinking4LanguagePoints5ReadingFocusVocabularyinAction6BackgroundInformation115/99Abouttheauthor:AldoLeopold

(1887–1948)iswidelyacknowledgedastheinitiatorofmodernwildlife

conservationintheUnitedStates.BackgroundInformation16/99HewasaprofessorattheUniversityofWisconsinandisbestknownforhisbookASandCountyAlmanac

《沙郡年记》,fromwhichthistextisextracted,

andsoldoveramillioncopies.TheessaysarestoriesofLeopold’sobservationsof

naturearoundhim,thepassingofseasons,andofwildlife,basedonthebeliefthateveryliving

thinghasanicheintheecosystem.17/99ReadingFocus

–GlobalUnderstanding(Paras.1-4)PartI(Paras1-3)Everylivingthingpaysheedtothewolf’sbawl.PartII(Paras4-6)Theauthor'sexperienceofkillingawolf.PartIII(Paras7-9)Thechainconsequenceofkillingwolfsandcows.PartIV(Para10)Thelong-termrelationshipbetweennatureandhumans.18/99PartIEverylivingthingpaysheedtothewolf’sbawl

A.Differentinterpretationsofthemeaningofthewolfcall.ReadingFocus

–GlobalUnderstandinga.Tothedeer,itisareminderofthewayofallflesh.b.Tothepine,aforecastofmidnightscufflesandofblooduponthesnow.c.Tothecoyote,apromiseofgleaningstocome.d.Tothecowman,athreatofredinkatthebank.e.Tothehunter,achallengeoffangagainstbullet.f.Tothemountain,itisasignofpossibledanger.Supportingevidence:

19/99a.Thesoundofwolvesbynight.b.Thesightofwolftracksbyday.c.Themidnightwhinnyofapackhorse.d.Therattleofrollingrocks.e.Theboundofafleeingdeer.f.Thewayshadowslieunderthespruces.B.Tracesofwolves’existence.Supportingevidence:

20/99PartIITheauthor’s

experienceofkillinga

wolfReadingFocus

–GlobalUnderstandingA.Whendidtheauthorseethewolves?B.Howdidtheauthorkillthewolves?C.Whydidtheauthorkillthewolves?Whenheandhisfellowswereeatinglunchonahighrimrock.Theyshotatthewolveswiththeirrifles.Theyshotatthewolvesfortworeasons:Firstly,sincetheauthorwasyoungandtriggerhappy,hewassoexcitedtobeabletoshootananimal;secondly,hethoughtfewerwolvesmeansmoredeer,whichmeanshunters'paradise.21/99a.Fewerwolvesleadtomoredeer.b.Moredeerleadtofewerbushes,seedlings,trees,andinternalkilling.c.Fewerbushes,seedlingsandtreesleadtodamageoftheaffectedrangeandanaturaldisasterforhumanlife.ReadingFocus

–GlobalUnderstandingPartIIIThechain

consequenceofkillingwolfsandcowsArguments:22/99Conclusion:

Toomuchsafetyseemstoyieldonlydangerinthelongrun.PartIVThelong-termrelationshipbetweennatureandhumanReadingFocus

–GlobalUnderstanding23/99Task2Workingroupstodecidewhetherthestatementsaretrueorfalseaccordingtothepassage.(P228)Key:2 3 4 56 7 8 9 10TFFFTFFTTTReadingFocus

–DetailedInformation24/99CriticalThinkingReadingFocus25/99Worktogetherwithyourpartnertoanswerthefollowingquestionsbasedonthetextyou’vejustread.ReadingFocus—CriticalThinking1.Inthetext,theauthordeclares:“Onlythemountainhaslivedlongenoughtolisten

objectivelytothehowlofawolf.”Whatdoesthemountainthinkofthehowlofa

wolf?Whydoestheauthorthinkonlythemountaincanlistenobjectivelytothehowl?26/992.Theauthorsaysinthelastparagraph,“toomuchsafetyseemstoyieldonlydangerinthelongrun”—canyoufindanequivalentChinesesaying?Doyouagreewith

thisopinion?Ifyouagree,supplyexamplestoillustrateyourpoint.Ifyoudon’t,

explainthereasons.AnequivalentChinesesaying“生于忧患，死于安乐”.27/99Discussingroupsthefollowingquestions.ReadingFocus—CriticalThinking1.Whyshouldwepreservebiodiversity?Whatbenefitscanitbringabouttohuman

beings?2.Doyouthinkitpossibletostrikeabalancebetweenecologicalsustainabilityand

thedevelopmentalneedsofpeople?28/99Itisanoutburstofwilddefiantsorrow,andof

contemptforalltheadversitiesoftheworld.(Para.1)outburst;burst;outbreakA.

Therehasbeenanotherangry_________againstthenewlocaltaxintroducedtoday.B.Terrikeeps_______intotearsfornoreason.C.A(n)_________offoodpoisoningledtothedeathsoffivepeople.ReadingFocus

–LanguagePoint

outburstburstingoutbreak29/99defiant

adj.refusingtodowhatisaskedbecauseonedoesnotagree公然违抗;反抗;挑衅

e.g.

________________________,theysangarevolutionarysongastheywereledawaytoprison.

他们被带走投入监狱时,仍以最终反抗姿态唱起了一支革命歌曲。Withalastdefiantgesture30/992.Everylivingthing(andperhapsmanyadeadoneaswell)paysheedtothatcall.(Para.2)payheedto:topayattentiontosth.,especiallysth.someonesays,andseriouslyconsiderit注意某事；慎重考虑某事e.g.Agoodleadershouldalwayspayheedtothe

voiceofthemasses.

一位好领导应该经常注意倾听群众呼声。

翻译：大山中全部生物（可能也包含许多死去生物）都侧耳倾听这声号叫。ReadingFocus

–LanguagePoint

31/993.Thoseunabletodecipherthehiddenmeaningknowneverthelessthatitisthere,forit

isfeltinallwolfcountry,anddistinguishesthatcountryfromallotherland.(Para.3)

decipher

v.tofindthemeaningof

somethingthatisdifficulttoreadorunderstand识别；解释；破译(密码)

e.g.有谁能识别他字迹吗？Cananyonedecipherhishandwriting?

ReadingFocus

–LanguagePoint

32/994.Wewereeating

lunchonahighrimrock,atthefootofwhichaturbulentriverelbowed

itsway.(Para.4)

Personification(拟人)isusedtoshowhowtheriverflowedandturnedroundsofast,asifitwerea

personstrugglingforawayforward.

ReadingFocus

–LanguagePoint

33/995.We

sawwhatwethoughtwasadoefordingthetorrent,herbreastawashinwhitewater.(Para.4)

awash:adj.

coveredwithwateror

anotherliquid

被水或其它液体漫过be~with

Thiscity______________drugs.这座城市毒品泛滥。ReadingFocus

–LanguagePoint

isawashwith

34/996.Inthosedayswehadnever

heardofpassingupachanceto

killawolf.(Para.5)

pass

up:togiveup,refuse放过，放弃，拒绝e.g.Neverpassupachancetolearn.

永远不要放弃学习机会。Paraphrase:Inthosedayswewouldsurelykillawolfaslongaswefindone.

ReadingFocus

–LanguagePoint

35/99SincethenIhavelivedtoseestateafterstateextirpateitswolves.Ihavewatchedthe

faceofmanyanewlywolflessmountain,andseenthesouth-facingslopeswrinklewith

amazeofnewdeertrails.Ihaveseeneveryediblebushandseedlingbrowsed,first

toanemicdesuetude,andthentodeath.Ihaveseeneveryedibletreedefoliatedto

theheightofasaddlehorn.

(Para.7)

Parallelstructureisusedheretoemphasizetheseriouschainconsequenceofwolfkilling.

ReadingFocus

–LanguagePoint

36/998.SincethenIhavelivedtoseestateafterstateextirpateitswolves.(Para.8)

extirpate

(v.)

tocompletelydestroy

somethingthatisunpleasantorunwanted毁灭，根除

e.g.Thefarmersextirpatedweedsfromthefield.农民们除去了田中野草。

ReadingFocus

–LanguagePoint

37/999.Inwildnessisthesalvationoftheworld.(Para.9)

Thissentenceisputininvertedorder.Paraphrase:Youcanlearnhowtosavetheworldinthewayhowthenaturegoes.ReadingFocus

–LanguagePoint

38/99Key1-2-3-4-5-

6-7-8-9-10

Task1Choosetheanswerclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedwordorphraseinthesentence.

(P230)BDABADDAReadingFocus–VocabularyinAction

AC39/99Task21.outburst

burst

outbreakA.Therehasbeen

anotherangry__________againstthenewlocaltaxintroducedtoday.B.Terrikeeps___________intotearsfornoreason.C.A(n)__________offoodpoisoningledtothedeathsoffivepeople.Fillineachoftheblankswithanappropriatewordfromeachgroup.Changetheformifnecessary.Somewordsmaybeusedmorethanonce.(P231)outburstburstingReadingFocus–VocabularyinAction

outbreak40/992.adversity

adverse

adviseA.Despitethe___________conditions,theroadwasfinishedinjusteightmonths.B.Theycontinuetofightinthefaceof___________.C.Itwashisdoctorwho_________thathechangehisjob.3.distinguish

distinguished

distinctA.Thereissomethingaboutmusicthat_____________itfromallotherartforms.B.NowthatTonywasnolongerpresent,therewasa__________changeinherattitude.C.Hisgrandfatherhadbeena_______________professorattheUniversity.adversedistinguishesdistinguisheddistinctReadingFocus–VocabularyinAction

adversityadvised41/994.sight

view

outlook

visionA.Iusemysenseofsoundmuchmorethanmysenseof__________.B.Doyouhavea(n)_______aboutwhatweshoulddonow?C.The_________oftheeconomyisstilluncertain.D.Maybeyouhad__________ofbeingsurroundedbyhappy,smilingchildren.5.implicit

underlying

impliedA.Hehasa(n)_________beliefinthegoodnessofpeople.B.Ifeelthereissome_________________criticismaboutthegiftyouhavechosen.C.Topreventaproblemyouhavetounderstandits____________causes.

sight/vision

viewimplicitReadingFocus–VocabularyinAction

outlook

visions

implicit/impliedunderlying42/996.awash

wash

washingA.Youaregoingtohaveyourdinner,get________,andgotobed.B.Theroadswere_________withmudandrainwater.C.Mymotheralwaysdidthe___________onMondays.7.spring

jump

leapA.He_______________tohisfeet,andgrabbedhiskeysoffthecoffeetable.B.Tothenortharethehot__________ofBanyasdeSantLoan.C.Thinktwicebeforeyou_________.D.Thenumberofcrimes__________by10%lastyear.washedsprang/jumped

springsReadingFocus–VocabularyinAction

awashwashingleapjumped43/998.track

trail

trace(n.&v.)A.Helefta________ofmuddyfootprints.B.Hewasfollowingabroad____________throughthetrees.C.Ican’t__________thefileyouwantondiskC.D.Aftergraduationwefinditdifficulttokeep________ofouroldfriends.E.Theintruderswerecarefulnottoleaveany______behindthem.trailtrack

traceReadingFocus–VocabularyinAction

trail/tracktrace44/999.sense(n.&v.)

sensible

sensational

sensitiveA.Sheprobably____________thatIwasn’ttellingherthewholestory.B.Thisseemstobea____________wayofdealingwiththeproblem.C.Winninganawardwouldgivemeagreat_____________ofachievement.D.Caroltakeshisworkseriouslyandis_____________tocriticism.E.Expertsagreedthatitwasatruly_____________performance.sensedsensitive

sensationalReadingFocus–VocabularyinAction

sensiblesense45/9910.prosperity

prospect

prosperous

prophecyA.Witheconomicexpansioncomesthepromiseofamore____________future.B.Wehopethatthe21stcenturybringspeace,happinessand_____________,withuslearningto

respectourdifferencesratherthanfightaboutthem.C.The_____________foremploymentinthe

technologysectorareespeciallygoodrightnow.D.His___________thatshewouldonedaybeastarcametrue.prosperousprophecy

ReadingFocus–VocabularyinAction

prosperity

prospects46/99Task3Completethefollowingextractwithinformationfromthetext.(P232)ReadingFocus–VocabularyinAction

Awolfgivesoutadeepchestybawlinthevalleyonenight.It1)________fromrimockto

rimrock.Everylivingthing2)_____________thecall.Althoughithasdifferent3)________meanings

todifferentanimals,itisonlythemountainsthatcanlisten4)___________tothecall,becauseithas

livedlongenough.Thosewhocan’t5)__________thehiddenmeaningofthehowlcanstillsense

thewolves’6)________throughtheirtracks,sightsorsounds.Whateverthefactis,Ibelievethat

themountainshaveasecretopinionaboutthewolves.echoespays

heed

tohidden

objectivelydecipherpresence47/99

This7)_________onthisscoredatesfromthedaywhenIwitnessedawolfdie.Wethought

wesawadoewhenwewereeatinglunchonahighrimrock.Whenwerealizedthatitwasawolf

andtherewerestillahalfdozenothers,we8)_______atthemoutofexcitementandtriggeritch.Atthattime,IthoughtIhelpedthehunters,9)________,whenIsawthegreenfiredieinthe

wolf’seyes,IfoundImightbewrong.convictionshothowever48/99

Sinethen,Ihaveseenthe10)________ofwolvesstateafterstate,whicheventuallyleadto

nearly11)______mountains.Thesameistruetocowmenwhohaveto12)____theherdtofittherange.Allcreaturesinthevalley13)_______________eachother,andtheyshouldbekeptin

balance.Ifonelinkbreaksdown,itmightcausedramaticchangetoothers.Weall14)_______forsafety,prosperity,comfort,longlife,anddullness,buttoomuchsafetyseemsto15)______onlydangerinthelongrun.

slaughterbaretrim

are

connected

tostriveyield49/99TheSeaandtheWindThatBlowsReadingMore50/99ReadingMore

DetailedInformation

CriticalThinking

LanguagePoints

VocabularyinAction1

2

3

4

51/99Task1

Choosethesentencethatbestexpressesthemeaningofthesentencefromthetext.(P237)Key:2)3)4)5)6)7)8)DBBDACDDReadingMore—DetailedInformation52/99CriticalThinkingReadingMore53/99StepOneWorktogetherwithyourpartnerto

answerthefollowingquestionsbased

onthetextyou’vejustread.1.“Later,IfoundthatwhatIhadfearedandhated,I

nowfearand

love.”Haveyouhadthiskindof

experience?Whatleadstosuch

dramaticchange?ReadingMore—CriticalThinking2.Accordingtotheauthor,“Iamtorn

betweenpastandpresent,acommon

diseaseoflaterlife”—doyouthink

manyolderpeopletendtohave

thiskindofproblem?Whywas

theauthortornbetweenpastand

present?54/99StepTwo:

Discussingroupsthefollowing

question.

Whatistherelationshipbetween

humanandnature?

Howdothey

interactwitheachother?ReadingMore—CriticalThinking55/991.Ifithappenstobeanauxiliary

cruisingboat,itiswithoutquestionthemostcompactandingeniousarrangementfor

livingeverdevisedbytherestlessmindofman...(Para.1)

happento:

usedtotellsbsth,especiallywhenyouaredisagreeingwiththemorannoyedbywhattheyhavesaid

e.g.

Thathappenstobemymotheryouare

talkingabout!occurtosb:tocomeintoyourmind

e.g.

Theideaoccurredtohiminadream.

ReadingMore–LanguagePoint

56/99withoutquestion:withoutdoubt,definitelyoutofthequestion:impossibleornotallowedandthereforenotworthdiscussion翻译：假如它恰好是一艘带帆机动游艇，那它无疑是人类活跃不止大脑所能构想出最小巧最精巧生活设施。ReadingMore–LanguagePoint

57/992.Here

thesprawlingpanoplyofTheHomeiscompressedinorderlyminiatureandliquid

delirium,suspendedbetweenthebottomoftheseaandthetopofthesky,readyto

moveoninthemorningbythemiracleofcanvasandthewitchcraftofrope.(Para.2)

"TheHome"referstothehomeinthetraditionalconceptwhichisstuffedwithallthenecessatiesfordailylife.

compress:

topresssomethingormakeitsmallersothatittakesuplessspace,ortobecomesmaller:e.g.Herlipscompressedintoathinline.她双唇抿成了一条缝。ReadingMore–LanguagePoint

58/99compress,impress,express1.Themainargumentswere__________intoonechapter.2.He____________herwithhissincerity.3.He___________himselffullyinherpaintings.compressedexpressedimpresses59/99suspend:1)(besuspendedinsth)(technical术语)tofloatinliquidorairwithoutmoving

e.g.

Smalldropletsareheldsuspendedinthe

amosphere.小水珠悬浮在大气中。2）~sth/sb(fromsth)tohangsthfromsthelse

e.g.

一盏吊灯选在天花板上。

Alampwassuspendedfromtheceiling.3)active,used,etc.fore.g.在进行安全检验期间生产暂时停顿。Productionhasbeensuspendedwhilesafetychecksarecarriedout.60/99翻译：在这里，家中散乱庞杂全套配置都被收进了井然有序微小模型和流动梦幻之中，悬浮在海底与天穹之间，准备着在清晨借着帆奇迹和绳魔法启航。2.Here

thesprawlingpanoplyofTheHomeiscompressedinorderlyminiatureandliquid

delirium,suspendedbetweenthebottomoftheseaandthetopofthesky,readyto

moveoninthemorningbythemiracleofcanvasandthewitchcraftofrope.(Para.2)

61/993.Alongwithmydreamofboatshasgonetheownershipofboats,alongsuccessionofthemuponthesurfaceofthesea,manyof

themmakeshiftandcrank.(Para.3)

succession1)anumberofpeopleorthingsthatfolloweachotherintimeororder;aseries

e.g.

asuccessionofevents/problems/visitors

2)theactoftakingoveranofficialpositionortitle

e.g.

HebecamechairmaninsuccessiontoBernardAllen.他接替伯纳德艾伦任主席。ReadingMore–LanguagePoint

62/99“alongsuccessionofthemuponthesurfaceofthesea”是“boat”同位语。“uponthesurfaceofthesea”meanstheseboatsarejustfortemporaryuse.翻译：伴伴随我帆船梦，我拥有过一艘又一艘海船。其中有不少只是暂时替换品，比较轻易倾覆。

ReadingMore–LanguagePoint

63/994.Itjigglesme

up,thewinddoes,andwhatIreallylovearewindlessdays,whenallispeace.(Para.3)

jiggle:tomoveormakesomethingmovefromsidetosidewithshortquick

movementse.g.他站在那儿，手里转动着汽车钥匙。Hestoodjigglinghiscarkeysinhishand.ReadingMore–LanguagePoint

64/995.Thisisanintellectualresponse—theoldyearningisstillinme,belongingtothepast,toyouth,andsoIamtornbetweenpastandpresent…(Para.4)

Paraphrase:Itisveryrationaltothinkthisway:Ifeelmiserableaboutthecontradictionbetweenmylongingtosailandfearofthewind,whichisnecessaryforsailing,andcannotmakeanydecision.ReadingMore–LanguagePoint

65/996.Therewillliethesloop,therewillblowthewind,oncemoreIwillgetunderway.(Para.6)

getunderway:starthappeninge.g.我要等到比赛正式开始。I’llwaittillthecampaigngetsunderway

properly.ReadingMore–LanguagePoint

66/997.Andwiththetillerinmyhand,I’ll

feelagainthewindimpartinglifetoaboat,willsmellagain

theoldmenace,theonethatimpartslifetome:(Para.6)

impart:~sth(tosb)topassinformation,knowlege,etc.tootherpeople

toimpartfacts/news/skills披露事实，消息，传授技艺

Shehadinformationthatshecouldn'twaittoimpart.ReadingMore–LanguagePoint

67/99TaskKeys:1.A.promise(n.)B.promised(v.)C.promise(n.)2.A.succeeded(v.)B.succession(n.)C.succeed(v.)3.A.compact(adj.)B.compact(adj)C.compactness(n.)4.A.stable(adj.)B.stable(n.)C.stability(n.)5.A.nerves(n.)B.nerved(v.)C.nerve(n.)Fillineachblankwithanappropriateformofthewordgiven,andidentifyitsmeaning.(P240)ReadingMore–VocabularyinAction

68/996.A.encounter(v.)B.encounter(n.)C.encounter(n.)7.A.repelled(v.)B.repellent(adj.)C.repelled(adj.)8.A.compulsive(adj.)B.compulsion(n.)

C.compulsory(adj.)9.A.alcoholic(n.)B.alcohol(n.)C.alcoholic(adj.)10.A.instruction(n.)B.instructing(adj.)

C.instructions(n.)69/99Key1-

2-

3-

4-

Readthefollowingsentencesanddecidewhichoftheitalicizedwordsfitseachofthesentencesbest.

(P241)obsessed

stationarycluerestlessReadingFocus–VocabularyinAction

Task25-6-

7-

8-

9-10-intellectualcompressedraisingremovedsuccessiondispel70/99PracticalTranslation71/99

科技英语是用来陈说自然界、科技界所发生或出现事情，描述其规律、特点、过程等语言，多采取客观性描述方式，要求概念准确、判断严密、推理周密、结构严谨。它在词法、语法、句法和修辞角度上都表达出自己特点:科技英语翻译72/99在词法上，科技英语强调语言简练和专业性，大量使用复合词、缩略语和属于某一专业领域专业化词汇。1)Spacetechnologyshouldbecombinedwithcivilianlifetodevelopvarioushigh-tech

products.译文：要将航天技术与民用生活相结合，开发出各种高科技含量产品。2)DNAhasadoublehelixstructure,whichwasdiscoveredbyFrancisCrickandJames

WatsonintheCavendishlabatCambridgein1953.译文：DNA（脱氧核糖核酸）双螺旋结构是由弗朗西斯·克里克和詹姆斯·沃森于1953年在剑桥卡文迪许试验室里发觉。73/99解析：例1)中，原语为了语言简练，high-technological缩略成了high-tech。在目口号中，为了强调客观事实，原文被动句译成了汉语无主句，符合汉语句式特点。例2)中，DNA是专业词汇，lab是laboratory缩略语，为了让目标读者看懂，在译文中，DNA要译出完整意思，而且被动句译成了汉语主动句，使行文更流畅。74/992.从语法方面看，名词化结构（nominalization）、普通现在时和被动语态用得较多；使用名词化结构和普通现在时是因为科技文体要求行文简练、表示客观、内容确切、信息量大，强调已存在事实，而非某一行为。利用被动语态是因为科技文章侧重叙事推理，强调客观准确性。第一、二人称使用过多，会造成主观臆断印象，所以尽可能使用第三人称叙述，采取被动语态。75/993)Thegreatestsourceofworryatthemomentisthedisposalofradioactivewastes.Untilnow

thesewasteshavebeenpackedincontainersandburiedinremoteareasordumpedinthe

ocean．译文：现在最令人担心问题是放射性废物处理，到当前为止，这些废物是用容器装好，埋在边远地域或沉入海里。4)Thebloodsugarlevelrepresentsabalancebetweentheamountofcarbohydrateingested

orformedfromproteinandlipid,ontheotherhand,andthestorageorutilizationof

carbohydrate,ontheother.译文：摄入或由蛋白质及脂肪转化来糖类与体内糖类贮存或利用这二者之间数量平衡，便是血糖水平标志。76/99

解析：例3)和例4)两个句子都符合科技英语语法特点。为了表示客观、内容确切，两个句子都用了一些名词化结构词汇，如例3)sourceofworry,disposal，例4)balance,storage,utilization。为了防止造成主观推理和臆断，强调客观事实，两个句子都采取了普通现在时和被动语态。而科技汉语最显著特点是多用无主句，语言平实，多采取客观性描述方法，所以例3)译文采取了直译翻译方法，翻译出了原文内容，语言平实、客观。例4)译文中，为了符合汉语习惯，被动语态处理成汉语无主句，而且英语句子多采取重心前置式，但汉语句子应采取重心后置式，所以在译文中，把“血糖水平标志”放在句子最终，从前面分析出发，最终形成一个结论，句子结构衔接、连贯、合理。77/993.在句法上，科技英语使用大量长句和复杂句，修饰、限定及附加成份多；重视衔接和连贯，重视逻辑严密，以到达句子连贯、行文流畅目标。78/995)Wedono