Unit4ARedLightforScofflaws市公开课一等奖省赛课微课金奖课件

1Unit4

ARedLightforScofflaws

1/59I.LearningobjectivesHaveanideaofthevarietyofscofflawsandthedangerstheymaycause.Understandtheimportanceofevidenceinexpositorywriting.22/59ChineseStyleofCrossingRoads“crossingtheroadswithouttakingtrafficlightsintoconsideration,aslongasyouarepartofacrowd.”3/594/59scribblingonthewalls/spitting5/59overload

6/59Crossingstreetwithoutwalkingonpestrianpavement

runningredlight7/59Litterbug

crossingtrafficfence8/59II.Warm-upquestionsLookuptheword“scofflaw”inadictionary,andnamesomekindsofscofflaws.Haveyoueverbeenascofflawinasense?Doyouknowanyacquaintanceofyourswhohasbeenascofflaw?Tellusastory.99/59Scofflaw

isanouncoinedduringtheProhibitiontimemeaningapersonwhodrinksillegally.Itisacompoundofthewordsscoffandlaw,meaningonewhomocksorridiculesthelaw.Themeaninghassincebeenextendedtodescribeonewhofloutsanylaw,especiallythosewhicharedifficulttoenforce,andparticularlytrafficlaws.10/59III.OrganizationanddevelopmentofthetextPara.1introductoryparagraph:MillionsofAmericansaretakingincreasinglibertieswiththelegalcodes.Para.2Scofflawsaboundinamazingvariety.Para.3Thedangersofscofflawryvarywidely.Para.4Themostflagrantscofflawisthered-lightrunner.Para.5Thefloutingofbasicrulesoftheroadleavesdeepdentsinthesocialmood.Para.6Scofflawsareasymptomofelementarysocialdemoralization.Para.7Theprospectofthecollapseofpublicmannersisnotmerelyamatterofetiquette.Para.8ScofflawryatvariouslevelsofsociallifewasbynomeansalessseriousmenacetothefoundationoflawoftheUSthanviolentcrimes.Para.9Thescofflawspiritisdangerouslyinfectious;somethingmustbedonetocheckitsspread.1111/59Part1Para1.Problem:MillionsofAmericansarebreakingthelegalcodes.12/5913Languagepointstakelibertieswith:behaveinaboldorimpolitewaytowardsShewouldneverhavetakenalibertywithanyone.Hewasnotthesortofmanwithwhomonetookliberties.supposedly:allegedlyarobotsupposedlycapableofunderstandingspokencommandsasupposedlyinferiorformoflifesuchasthereptile13/5914Languagepointsethic:ideaormoralbeliefthatinfluencesthebehavior,attitudes,andphilosophyoflifeofagroupofpeople(=principle)theAmerican“frontierethicofexpansionandopportunity”theProtestantworkethicethics:moralbeliefsandrulesaboutrightandwrongaconscious,rational,scientificcodeofethicsthebasicethicswhichanyreligionsetsforward14/5915Languagepointsderelictions:deliberateneglect;negligenceamatterofcourse:Ifsth.isdoneasamatterofcourse,itisdoneaspartofanormalsituationandisnotregardedasunusualorexceptional.(=automatically)Thefatherdoeshisshareofthehouseworkasamatterofcoursewhenathome.15/59

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to:1)tobepleasedbyorattractedto;2)begintodosth.asaregularhabitThedogseldomtakestostrangers.HismannerwassotakingthatItooktohimatonce.Afterafewyearsheabandonedjournalismandtooktowritingnovels.I’msorrytohearthathehastakentodrink.RecentlyIhavetakentogettingupearlierinthemorning.16/59法律和秩序是美国历史上连续时间最长、也可能是政治上最热门话题。然而，显然令人烦恼是，数以百万计美国人尽管从没有认为自己会违反法律，更不用说会成为罪犯了，却正在越来越随便地对待那些专为保护与造福他们社会所制订法规。当然，现今确实有些时候似乎无视法律代表了未来时尚。哈佛大学社会学家大卫·莱斯曼怀疑，大多数美国人喜欢犯那种他们认为是无关紧要玩忽职守错误。莱斯曼说，美国社会伦理道德已经处于这么危险之中：即，“假如你遵纪遵法，你就是个傻瓜”。17/59Para2Howmanyscofflawsarementionedhereandwhatarethey?18/59abound:v.toexistinlargenumberorgreatquantityaboundin/aboundwith:tohaveinlargefrontsorgreatquantity1)Thelandaboundsinspringsandstreamsofwater.2)Thejungleaboundswithsnakes.3)Thebookaboundsinprintingmistakes.19/5920Languagepointsexemptfrom:notaffectedorboundby(=excused)Thesehousesareexemptfrompayingrates.convert:changeintoadifferentform(=transform)Asolarcelltakesradiationfromthesunandconvertsitintoelectricity.Energyisconvertedfromoneformtoanother.20/5921Languagepointsflurry:asmallamount(asofsnoworwind)thatsuddenlyappearsforashorttimeandmovesinarushed,swirlingway(=whirl)Snowflurrieshadbeenpredicted.Theirfrontrunnerscollided,sendingupaflurryofsparks.21/59ordinance:(formal)officialruleororder;regulationIn1972thecitypassedanordinancecompellingalloutdoorlightingtobeswitchedoffat9:00p.m.22/5923Languagepointsplague:v.keephappeningandcauseagreatdealoftrouble,difficulty,orsufferingThesystemisstillplaguedbytechnicalfaults.Hesufferedseverebackinjuries,whichplaguehimtothisday.Idon’tknowwhywehavebeenplaguedwithsuchillluck.23/59duckoutof:avoiddoing,esp.bymakinganexcuse(=backout)Itwastoolatetoduckoutofgoingwiththem.24/5925Languagepointsfester:(adifficultorunpleasantsituation,feeling,orthought)growworseandbecharacterizedbyincreasingbitterness,anger,andhatred.Hismemoriesfesteredintohate.anangerthatmustfindoutletorfesterinwardlyhazardous:dangerous,esp.topeople’shealthorsafety25/59支持莱斯曼观点证据是再显著不过。违法乱纪者屡见不鲜、无奇不有，到达了惊人程度。墙上乱涂乱画把公共场所外观糟塌得不堪人目。骑自行车人横冲直闯，似乎两个车轮交通工具能够不受任何交通法规束缚。乱丢垃圾人把他们生活区域变成了垃圾场。正如以前法令未能扫除危害公园满身酒气流氓阿飞一样，广泛宣传法规也未能消除公共场所高分贝便携式收音机。吸烟成瘾人们对“不准吸烟”通告牌熟视无睹。衣冠楚楚吸大麻人再也不像从前那样躲开公众视线偷偷摸摸地传递带大麻香烟了。在中上层人士中毫无顾忌地使用可卡因已成为令人烦恼丑闻。而且，(好家伙，人数真不少啊!)还有随意横穿马路人呢。26/59违法行为危害差异极大。在人行道上随地吐痰当然令人厌恶，不过很显著，比起那些违法地在未经许可地域掩埋危险化学废料企业对他人造成危害要小得多。忽略防火安全法规房主对人生命危害当然要比在地铁逃票人大得多。然而，最直接和最引人注目标违法行为恰恰就是最常见一个社会现象。首当其冲者就是美国司机们。今天，他们无法无天行为给公众造成了极大灾难。其危害现有日常多见造成城市街道堵塞并排违章停车，也有司机酒后开车造成每年死亡大约25,000人，伤残最少650,000人。那么高速公路上违章超速行驶呢？最新调查显示，在一些州际公路上83%司机现在根本无视联邦法定每小时55英里时速限制。27/5928Languagepointsflout:deliberatelydisobeyordonotfollow(alaw,anorder,oranacceptedwayofbehaving)(=disregard)Bepreparedtofloutconvention.Ourrulersknownowthatwe’repreparedtoflouttheirlawsifforced.28/59wane:(acondition,attitude,emotion,etc.)becomeweakerorsmaller,oftendisappearingcompeletelyintheend(=lessen,fade)HerenthusiasmforHaroldwasbeginningtowane.Thebondoffriendshiphasnotwanedbuthassurvivedthepassageoftime.

beonthewane:diminishing29/59全部违章行为中最厚颜无耻要数闯红灯了。在波士顿，人们对这种停顿通行信号藐视已经到了这么程度，以至在当地人中竟然流传着这种笑话：一名出租汽车司机竟然坚持说，红灯信号仅仅起装饰作用。禁止通行红灯控制交通效力在各地都在减弱。在洛杉矶，闯红灯似乎已经成为最常见违反交通法规行为。在纽约，过十字路口就像俄国轮盘赌一样。警察局长罗伯特·杰·麦克盖尔认可，“现在人们在红灯面前是否停下来是50%对50%抛硬币概率。”同时，他自己属下警察们也大都对这种违章行为熟视无睹。30/5931Languagepointsmakeadentin:reduceconsiderably;damageTheoperationhadmadeamajordentinthetradeofprotectedwildlife.dentWhatdoestheauthormeanbythemetaphor“makeadent”here?31/59brazen:shamelessabrazenaccusation

brazenly:Noindustryismorebrazenlyorientedtowardsquick,easyprofits.32/5933Languagepointsprospect:possibility,chance,likelihoodTherewaslittleprospectofsignificantmilitaryaid.Theprospectsforrevolutionareremote.

someone’sprospects:theirchancesofbeingsuccessfulintheircareer,esp.bybeingpromotedquicklytoahighpositioninanorganizationItriedtogivearosypictureofhisprospects.Successorfailureherewouldbecrucialtohisfutureprospects.33/59foretaste:n.sampleTheepisodewasaforetasteofthebitterstrugglethatwastocome.34/5935Languagepointsstereotype:afixedgeneralimage,characteristic,etcthatalotofpeoplebelievetorepresentaparticulartypeofpersonorthingThesongperpetuatestworaciststereotypes.stereotypicaladj.35/59skirt:avoid(adifficultsubjectthatoughttobedealtwith)AsIwalkedthroughthelobby,Ihadtoskirtagroupofladies.Cometothemainissue,anddon’tskirtaroundit.36/5937Languagepointsundermine:maketheauthoritylesssecure,oftenbyindirectmethods渐渐破坏Manyofthemsoughttounderminehisposition.Thelandownersresentedgovernmentmeasureswhichunderminedtheirauthority.37/59mandate:授权；命令；指令1)theauthoritythatagovernmenthastocarryoutparticularpoliciesasaresultofwinninganelection.2)(formal)aparticulartaskthatsb.isinstructedtocarryout;ajobPeter’smandatewastofindthebestavailableinvestment.38/5939Languagepointssubvert:destroythepowerandinfluence;undermine颠覆；推翻；破坏Conflictanddivisionsubvertthefoundationsofsociety.Thebestintentionscanbesubvertedbyanoverpoweringcommercialatmosphere.39/59comply:conformwithNewvehiclesmustcomplywithcertainstandards.Ifyouwanttorunaplaygroupyoumustcomplywiththeconditionslaiddownbytheauthorities.compliance:(formal)willingnesstodowhatisrequired;agreement(+with)Therearewaysofensuringcompliance.40/5941Languagepointsnullify:makeineffective;cancelout;invalidateThishadtheeffectofnullifyingouroriginaladvantage.Thewholeteam’seffectivenesscanbenullified.Eachstatehadtherighttonullifythefederalgovernment’slaw.41/59disquiet:n.&v.afeelingofworryoranxiety(=uneasiness)disquieting:disturbing;upsettingThespeaker’sdisquietingwordsmadetheaudienceshudder.

42/5943Languagepointsunwittingly:unintentionally不知情地；不知不觉地；无意地Ihadtobegratefultoherforhaving,howeverunwittingly,savedmylife.43/59terminally:fatallyahospice(收容所）fortheterminallyillterminalpatient重危病人terminalcancer晚期癌症44/59V.ParaphraseThepersonwhoillegallyspitsonthesidewalkremainsdisgusting,butclearlyposeslessrisktoothersthanthecompanythatillegallyburieshazardouschemicalwasteinanunauthorizedlocation.4545/59Spittingonthesidewalkisagainstthelawandisalwaysdespicable.Buttheharmitdoestoothersseemsinsignificantwhencomparedwiththedangeracompanycausesbydisposingofpoisonouschemicalwasteinaplacewhereitisnotpermitted.46/59Red-lightrunninghasalwaysbeenrankedasaminorwrong,andsoitmaybeinindividualinstances.Whentheviolationbecomeshabitual,widespreadandincessant,however,agreatdealmorethanatrafficmanagementproblemisinvolved.

Drivingthroughtheintersectionofastreetwithnoregardtotheredtrafficlightisgenerallyconsideredasmisbehavioroflittleimportance.Butwhenitdevelopsintoasocialhabit,itbecomesaproblemagreatdealmoreseriousthanameretrafficproblem.47/59Foralltheirdifferences,today’sscofflawsareofapieceasasymptomofelementarysocialdemoralization—thelossbyindividualsofthecapacitytogoverntheirownbehaviorintheinterestofothers.

48/59Howeverdifferentinforms,today’sscofflawsareanindicationthatthesocietyhasbasicallybeendegradedmorally.Itsmembersseemtohavelosttheirabilitytodisciplinethemselvesinsuchawaythattheinterestsofothershavebeendulytakencareof.49/59Innocentdriversandpedestrianspayarepetitiouspriceinfrustration,inconvenienceandoutrage,nottomentionajustifiedsenseofmortalperil.Thesignificanceofred-lightrunningismagnifiedbyitshighvisibility.50Well-behaveddriversandpedestriansareconstantlyupsetandthreatenedbyperilfromviolations.Thegreatimpactofred-lightrunningisduetoitsbeingsonoticeable.50/59Themostdisquietingthingaboutthescofflawspiritisitsextremeinfectiousness.Onlyaterminallyfoolishsocietywouldsitstillandallowittospreadindefinitely.Therapidspreadofscofflawryisitsmostdisturbingcharacteristic.Onlyatotallyirrationalsocietycouldevertolerateitsuncheckedgrowth.5151/59VI.ClassroomdiscussionInwhatsense,accordingtoTrippet,isred-lightrunningamoreseriousbreachofsocialorderthanotherlawbreakingactions?DoyouagreewithTrippetthattoday’sscofflaws,foralltheirdifferences,areofapieceasasymptomofelementarysocialdemoralizatio