历年考研英语真题1

2011年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmark[A],[B],[C]or[D]on

ANSWERSHEET1.(10points)

AncientGreekphilosopherAristotleviewedlaughteras"abodilyexerciseprecioustohealth."But_1some

claimstothecontrary,laughingprobablyhaslittleinfluenceonphysicalfitnessLaughterdoes_2short-term

changesinthefunctionoftheheartanditsbloodvessels,__3_heartrateandoxygenconsumptionButbecause

hardlaughterisdifficultto_4_,agoodlaughisunlikelytohave_5__benefitstheway,say,walkingor

joggingdoes.

_6_,insteadofstrainingmusclestobuildthem,asexercisedoes,laughterapparentlyaccomplishesthe_7_,

studiesdatingbacktothe1930'sindicatethatlaughter_8muscles,decreasingmuscletoneforupto45

minutesafterthelaughdiesdown.

Suchbodilyreactionmightconceivablyhelp_9_theeffectsofpsychologicalstress.Anyway,theactof

laughingprobablydoesproduceothertypesof___10___feedback,thatimproveanindividual'semotionalstate.

_11oneclassicaltheoryofemotion,ourfeelingsarepartiallyrooted12__physicalreactions.Itwas

arguedattheendofthe19thcenturythathumansdonotcry___13___theyaresadbuttheybecomesadwhenthe

tearsbegintoflow.

Althoughsadnessalso14tears,evidencesuggeststhatemotionscanflow_15muscularresponses.

Inanexperimentpublishedin1988,socialpsychologistFritzStrackoftheUniversityofwiirzburginGermany

askedvolunteersto_16__apeneitherwiththeirteeth-therebycreatinganartificialsmile-orwiththeirlips,

whichwouldproducea(n)_17expression.Thoseforcedtoexercisetheirenthusiasticallytofunnycatoons

thandidthosewhosemonthswerecontractedinafrown,19___thatexpressionsmayinfluenceemotions

ratherthanjusttheotherwayaround_20_,thephysicalactoflaughtercouldimprovemood.

1.[A]among[B]except[C]despite[D]like

2.[A]reflect[B]demand[C]indicate[D]produce

3.[A]stabilizing[B]boosting[C]impairing[D]determining

4.[A]transmit[B]sustain[C]evaluate[D]observe

5.[A]measurable[B]manageable[C]affbrdable[D]renewable

6.[A]Inturn[B]Infact[C]Inaddition[D]Inbrief

7.[A]opposite[B]impossible[C]average[D]expected

8.[A]hardens[B]weakens[C]tightens[D]relaxes

9.[A]aggravate[B]generate[C]moderate[D]enhance

10.[A]physical[B]mental[C]subconscious[D]internal

11.[A]Exceptfor[B]Accordingto[C]Dueto[D]Asfor

12.[A]with[B]on[C]in[D]at

13.[A]unless[B]until[C]if[D]because

14.[A]exhausts[B]fdllows[C]precedes[D]suppresses

15.[A]into[B]from[C]towards[D]beyond

16.[A]fetch[B]bite[C]pick[D]hold

17.[A]disappointed[B]excited[C]joyful[D]indifferent

18.[A]adapted[B]catered[C]turned[D]reacted

19.[A]suggesting[B]requiring[C]mentioning[D]supposing

20.[A]Eventually[B]Consequently[C]Similarly[D]Conversely

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].Markyour

answersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)

Text1

ThedecisionoftheNewYorkPhilharmonictohireAlanGilbertasitsnextmusicdirectorhasbeenthetalkof

theclassical-musicworldeversincethesuddenannouncementofhisappointmentin2009.Forthemostpart,the

responsehasbeenfavorable,tosaytheleast."Hooray!Atlast!”wroteAnthonyTommasini,asober-sided

classical-musiccritic.

Oneofthereasonswhytheappointmentcameassuchasurprise,however,isthatGilbertiscomparativelylittle

known.EvenTommasini,whohadadvocatedGilbert'sappointmentintheTimes,callshim“anunpretentious

musicianwithnoairoftheformidableconductoraboutAsadescriptionofthenextmusicdirectorofan

orchestrathathashithertobeenledbymusicianslikeGustavMahlerandPierreBoulez,thatseemslikelytohave

struckatleastsomeTimesreadersasfaintpraise.

Formypart,IhavenoideawhetherGilbertisagreatconductororevenagoodone.Tobesure,heperformsan

impressivevarietyofinterestingcompositions,butitisnotnecessaryformetovisitAveryFisherHall,or

anywhereelse,tohearinterestingorchestralmusic.AllIhavetodoistogotomyCDshelf,orbootupmy

computeranddownloadstillmorerecordedmusicfromiTunes.

Devotedconcertgoerswhoreplythatrecordingsarenosubstituteforliveperformancearemissingthepoint.For

thetime,attention,andmoneyoftheart-lovingpublic,classicalinstrumentalistsmustcompetenotonlywith

operahouses,dancetroupes,theatercompanies,andmuseums,butalsowiththerecordedperformancesofthe

greatclassicalmusiciansofthe20thcentury.Thererecordingsarecheap,availableeverywhere,andveryoften

muchhigherinartisticqualitythantoday'sliveperformances;moreover,theycanbe“consumed“atatimeand

placeofthelistener'schoosing.Thewidespreadavailabilityofsuchrecordingshasthusbroughtaboutacrisisin

theinstitutionofthetraditionalclassicalconcert.

Onepossibleresponseisforclassicalperformerstoprogramattractivenewmusicthatisnotyetavailableon

record.Gilbert'sowninterestinnewmusichasbeenwidelynoted:AlexRoss,aclassical-musiccritic,has

describedhimasamanwhoiscapableofturningthePhilharmonicinto“amarkedlydifferent,morevibrant

organization."Butwhatwillbethenatureofthatdifference?Merelyexpandingtheorchestra'srepertoirewill

notbeenough.IfGilbertandthePhilharmonicaretosucceed,theymustfirstchangetherelationshipbetween

America'soldestorchestraandthenewaudienceithopstoattract.

21.WelearnfromPara.1thatGilbert'sappointmenthas

[A]incurredcriticism.

[B]raisedsuspicion.

[C]receivedacclaim.

[D]arousedcuriosity.

22.TommasiniregardsGilbertasanartistwhois

[A]influentiaL

[B]modest.

[C]respectable.

[D]talented.

23.Theauthorbelievesthatthedevotedconcertgoers

[A]ignoretheexpensesofliveperformances.

[B]rejectmostkindsofrecordedperformances.

[C]exaggeratethevarietyofliveperformances.

[D]overestimatethevalueofliveperformances.

24.Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingistrueofrecordings?

[A]Theyareofteninferiortoliveconcertsinquality.

[B]Theyareeasilyaccessibletothegeneralpublic.

[C]Theyhelpimprovethequalityofmusic.

[D]Theyhaveonlycoveredmasterpieces.

25.RegardingGilbert'sroleinrevitalizingthePhilharmonic,theauthorfeels

[A]doubtful.

[B]enthusiastic.

[C]confident.

[D]puzzled.

Text2

WhenLiamMcGeedepartedaspresidentofBankofAmericainAugust,hisexplanationwassurprisingly

straightup.Ratherthancloakinghisexitintheusualvagueexcuses,hecamerightoutandsaidhewasleaving

“topursuemygoalofrunningacompany.^^Broadcastinghisambitionwas"verymuchmydecision,McGee

says.Withintwoweeks,hewastalkingfbrthefirsttimewiththeboardofHartfordFinancialServicesGroup,

whichnamedhimCEOandchairmanonSeptember29.

McGeesaysleavingwithoutapositionlinedupgavehimtimetoreflectonwhatkindofcompanyhewantedto

run.Italsosentaclearmessagetotheoutsideworldabouthisaspirations.AndMcGeeisn'talone.Inrecent

weekstheNo.2executivesatAvonandAmericanExpressquitwiththeexplanationthattheywerelookingfora

CEOpost.Asboardsscrutinizesuccessionplansinresponsetoshareholderpressure,executiveswhodon'tget

thenodalsomaywishtomoveon.Aturbulentbusinessenvironmentalsohasseniormanagerscautiousofletting

vaguepronouncementscloudtheirreputations.

Asthefirstsignsofrecoverybegintotakehold,deputychiefsmaybemorewillingtomakethejumpwithouta

net.Inthethirdquarter,CEOturnoverwasdown23%fromayearagoasnervousboardsstuckwiththeleaders

theyhad,accordingtoLiberumResearch.Astheeconomypicksup,opportunitieswillaboundfbraspiring

leaders.

Thedecisiontoquitaseniorpositiontolookfbrabetteroneisunconventional.Foryearsexecutivesand

headhuntershaveadheredtotherulethatthemostattractiveCEOcandidatesaretheoneswhomustbepoached.

SaysKorn/FerryseniorpartnerDennisCarey:,9Ican'tthinkofasinglesearchI'vedonewhereaboardhasnot

instructedmetolookatsittingCEOsfirst.”

Thosewhojumpedwithoutajobhaven'talwayslandedintoppositionsquickly.EllenMarramquitaschiefof

Tropicanaadecadeage,sayingshewantedtobeaCEO.Itwasayearbeforeshebecameheadofatiny

Internet-basedcommoditiesexchange.RobertWillumstadleftCitigroupin2005withambitionstobeaCEO.He

finallytookthatpostatamajorfinancialinstitutionthreeyearslater.

Manyrecruiterssaytheolddisgraceisfadingfortopperformers.Thefinancialcrisishasmadeitmore

acceptabletobebetweenjobsortoleaveabadone."Thetraditionalrulewasit'ssafertostaywhereyouare,but

that9sbeenfundamentallyinverted,saysoneheadhunter."Thepeoplewho'vebeenhurttheworstarethose

who'vestayedtoolong.”

26.WhenMcGeeannouncedhisdeparture,hismannercanbestbedescribedasbeing

[A]arrogant.

[B]frank.

[C]self-centered.

[D]impulsive.

27.AccordingtoParagraph2,seniorexecutives9quittingmaybespurredby

[A]theirexpectationofbetterfinancialstatus.

[B]theirneedtoreflectontheirprivatelife.

[C]theirstrainedrelationswiththeboards.

[D]theirpursuitofnewcareergoals.

28.Theword“poached”(Line3,Paragraph4)mostprobablymeans

[A]approvedof.

[B]attendedto.

[C]huntedfor.

[D]guardedagainst.

29.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat

[A]topperformersusedtoclingtotheirposts.

[B]loyaltyoftopperformersisgettingout-dated.

[C]topperformerscaremoreaboutreputations.

[D]it9ssafertosticktothetraditionalrules.

30.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?

[A]CEOs:WheretoGo?

[B]CEOs:AlltheWayUp?

[C]TopManagersJumpwithoutaNet

[D]TheOnlyWayOutforTopPerformers

Text3

Theroughguidetomarketingsuccessusedtobethatyougotwhatyoupaidfor.Nolonger.Whiletraditional

“paid”media-suchastelevisioncommercialsandprintadvertisements-stillplayamajorrole,companies

todaycanexploitmanyalternativeformsofmedia.Consumerspassionateaboutaproductmaycreate“owned”

mediabysendinge-mailalertsaboutproductsandsalestocustomersregisteredwithitsWebsite.Theway

consumersnowapproachthebroadrangeoffactorsbeyondconventionalpaidmedia.

Paidandownedmediaarecontrolledbymarketerspromotingtheirownproducts.Forearnedmedia,such

marketersactastheinitiatorforusers'responses.Butinsomecases,onemarketer'sownedmediabecome

anothermarketer'spaidmedia-forinstance,whenane-commerceretailersellsadspaceonitsWebsite.We

definesuchsoldmediaasownedmediawhosetrafficissostrongthatotherorganizationsplacetheircontentor

e-commerceengineswithinthatenvironment.Thistrend,whichwebelieveisstillinitsinfancy,effectively

beganwithretailersandtravelproviderssuchasairlinesandhotelsandwillnodoubtgofurther.Johnson&

Johnson,forexample,hascreatedBabyCenter,astand-alonemediapropertythatpromotescomplementaryand

evencompetitiveproducts.Besidesgeneratingincome,thepresenceofothermarketersmakesthesiteseem

objective,givescompaniesopportunitiestolearnvaluableinformationabouttheappealofothercompanies9

marketing,andmayhelpexpandusertrafficforallcompaniesconcerned.

Thesamedramatictechnologicalchangesthathaveprovidedmarketerswithmore(andmorediverse)

communicationschoiceshavealsoincreasedtheriskthatpassionateconsumerswillvoicetheiropinionsin

quicker,morevisible,andmuchmoredamagingways.Suchhijackedmediaaretheoppositeofearnedmedia:an

assetorcampaignbecomeshostagetoconsumers,otherstakeholders,oractivistswhomakenegativeallegations

aboutabrandorproduct.Membersofsocialnetworks,forinstance,arelearningthattheycanhijackmediato

applypressureonthebusinessesthatoriginallycreatedthem.

Ifthathappens,passionateconsumerswouldtrytopersuadeotherstoboycottproducts,puttingthereputationof

thetargetcompanyatrisk.Insuchacase,thecompany'sresponsemaynotbesufficientlyquickorthoughtful,

andthelearningcurvehasbeensteep.ToyotaMotor,forexample,alleviatedsomeofthedamagefromitsrecall

crisisearlierthisyearwitharelativelyquickandwell-orchestratedsocial-mediaresponsecampaign,which

includedeffortstoengagewithconsumersdirectlyonsitessuchasTwitterandthesocial-newssiteDigg.

31.Consumersmaycreate“earned“mediawhentheyare

[A]obsessedwithonlineshoppingatcertainWebsites.

[B]inspiredbyproduct-promotinge-mailssenttothem.

[C]eagertohelptheirfriendspromotequalityproducts.

[D]enthusiasticaboutrecommendingtheirfavoriteproducts.

32.AccordingtoParagraph2,soldmediafeature

[A]asafebusinessenvironment.

[B]randomcompetition.

[C]strongusertraffic.

[D]flexibilityinorganization.

33.TheauthorindicatesinParagraph3thatearnedmedia

[A]inviteconstantconflictswithpassionateconsumers.

[B]canbeusedtoproducenegativeeffectsinmarketing.

[C]mayberesponsiblefbrfiercercompetition.

[D]deserveallthenegativecommentsaboutthem.

34.ToyotaMotor'sexperienceiscitedasanexampleof

[A]respondingeffectivelytohijackedmedia.

[B]persuadingcustomersintoboycottingproducts.

[C]cooperatingwithsupportiveconsumers.

[D]takingadvantageofhijackedmedia.

35.Whichofthefollowingisthetextmainlyabout?

[A]Alternativestoconventionalpaidmedia.

[B]Conflictbetweenhijackedandearnedmedia.

[C]Dominanceofhijackedmedia.

[D]Popularityofownedmedia.

Text4

It'snosurprisethatJenniferSenior'sinsightful,provocativemagazinecoverstory,"IloveMyChildren,IHate

MyLife,,?isarousingmuchchatter-nothinggetspeopletalkinglikethesuggestionthatchildrearingisanything

lessthanacompletelyfulfilling,life-enrichingexperience.Ratherthanconcludingthatchildrenmakeparents

eitherhappyormiserable,Seniorsuggestsweneedtoredefinehappiness:insteadofthinkingofitassomething

thatcanbemeasuredbymoment-to-momentjoy,weshouldconsiderbeinghappyasapast-tensecondition.Even

thoughtheday-to-dayexperienceofraisingkidscanbesoul-crushinglyhard,Seniorwritesthat"theverythings

thatinthemomentdampenourmoodscanlaterbesourcesofintensegratificationanddelight.”

ThemagazinecovershowinganattractivemotherholdingacutebabyishardlytheonlyMadonna-and-child

imageonnewsstandsthisweek.Therearealsostoriesaboutnewlyadoptive-andnewlysingle-momSandra

Bullock,aswellastheusual"'JenniferAnistonispregnant^^news.Practicallyeveryweekfeaturesatleastone

celebritymom,ormom-to-be,smilingonthenewsstands.

Inasocietythatsopersistentlycelebratesprocreation,isitanywonderthatadmittingyouregrethavingchildren

isequivalenttoadmittingyousupportkitten-killing?Itdoesn'tseemquitefair,then,tocomparetheregretsof

parentstotheregretsofthechildren.Unhappyparentsrarelyareprovokedtowonderiftheyshouldn'thavehad

kids,butunhappychildlessfolksarebotheredwiththemessagethatchildrenarethesinglemostimportantthing

intheworld:obviouslytheirmiserymustbeadirectresultofthegapingbaby-sizeholesintheirlives.

Ofcourse,theimageofparenthoodthatcelebritymagazineslikeUsWeeklyandPeoplepresentishugely

unrealistic,especiallywhentheparentsaresinglemotherslikeBullock.Accordingtoseveralstudiesconcluding

thatparentsarelesshappythanchildlesscouples,singleparentsaretheleasthappyofall.Noshockthere,

consideringhowmuchworkitistoraiseakidwithoutapartnertoleanon;yettohearSandraandBritneytellit,

raisingakidontheir"own”(read:withround-the-clockhelp)isapieceofcake.

It'shardtoimaginethatmanypeoplearedumbenoughtowantchildrenjustbecauseReeseandAngelinamake

itlooksoglamorous:mostadultsunderstandthatababyisnotahaircut.Butit'sinterestingtowonderifthe

imagesweseeeveryweekofstress-free,happiness-enhancingparenthoodaren'tinsomesmall,subconscious

waycontributingtoourowndissatisfactionswiththeactualexperience,inthesamewaythatasmallpartofus

hopedgetting“theRachel“mightmakeuslookjustalittlebitlikeJenniferAniston.

36.JenniferSeniorsuggestsinherarticlethatraisingachildcanbring

[A]temporarydelight

[B]enjoymentinprogress

[C]happinessinretrospect

[D]lastingreward

37.WelearnfromParagraph2that

[A]celebritymomsareapermanentsourceforgossip.

[B]singlemotherswithbabiesdeservegreaterattention.

[C]newsaboutpregnantcelebritiesisentertaining.

[D]havingchildrenishighlyvaluedbythepublic.

38.ItissuggestedinParagraph3thatchildlessfolks

[A]areconstantlyexposedtocriticism.

[B]arelargelyignoredbythemedia.

[C]failtofulfilltheirsocialresponsibilities.

[D]arelesslikelytobesatisfiedwiththeirlife.

39.AccordingtoParagraph4,themessageconveyedbycelebritymagazinesis

[A]soothing.

[B]ambiguous.

[C]compensatory.

[D]misleading.

40.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?

[A]Havingchildrencontributeslittletotheglamourofcelebritymoms.

[B]Celebritymomshaveinfluencedourattitudetowardschildrearing.

[C]Havingchildrenintensifiesourdissatisfactionwithlife.

[D]Wesometimesneglectthehappinessfromchildrearing.

PartB

Directions:

Thefollowingparagrapharegiveninawrongorder.ForQuestions41-45,youarerequiredtoreorganizethese

paragraphsintoacoherenttextbychoosingfromthelistA-Gtofillingthemintothenumberedboxes.

ParagraphsEandGhavebeencorrectlyplaced.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)

[A]Nodisciplineshaveseizedonprofessionalismwithasmuchenthusiasmasthehumanities.Youcan,Mr

Menandpointsout,becamealawyerinthreeyearsandamedicaldoctorinfour.Buttheregulartimeittakesto

getadoctoraldegreeinthehumanitiesisnineyears.Notsurprisingly,uptohalfofalldoctoralstudentsin

Englishdropoutbeforegettingtheirdegrees.

[B]Hisconcernismainlywiththehumanities:Literature,languages,philosophyandsoon.Thesearedisciplines

thataregoingoutofstyle:22%ofAmericancollegegraduatesnowmajorinbusinesscomparedwithonly2%in

historyand4%inEnglish.However,manyleadingAmericanuniversitieswanttheirundergraduatestohavea

groundinginthebasiccanonofideasthateveryeducatedpersonshouldposses.Butmostfinditdifficulttoagree

onwhata"generaleducation“shouldlooklike.AtHarvard,MrMenandnotes,"thegreatbooksarereadbecause

theyhavebeenread,9-theyformasortofsocialglue.

[C]Equallyunsurprisingly,onlyabouthalfendupwithprofessorshipsforwhichtheyenteredgraduateschool.

Therearesimplytoofewposts.ThisispartlybecauseuniversitiescontinuetoproduceevermorePhDs.But

fewerstudentswanttostudyhumanitiessubjects:Englishdepartmentsawardedmorebachelor'sdegreesin

1970-71thantheydid20yearslater.Fewerstudentsrequiresfewerteachers.So,attheendofadecadeof

theses-writing,manyhumanitiesstudentsleavetheprofessiontodosomethingforwhichtheyhavenotbeen

trained.

[D]Onereasonwhyitishardtodesignandteachsuchcoursesisthattheycancutacrosstheinsistencebytop

Americanuniversitiesthatliberal-artseducationsandprofessionaleducationshouldbekeptseparate,taughtin

differentschools.Manystudentsexperiencebothvarieties.AlthoughmorethanhalfofHarvardundergraduates

endupinlaw,medicineorbusiness,futuredoctorsandlawyersmuststudyanon-specialistliberal-artsdegree

beforeembarkingonaprofessionalqualification.

[E]Besidesprofessionalizingtheprofessionsbythisseparation,topAmericanuniversitieshaveprofessionalised

theprofessor.Thegrowthinpublicmoneyforacademicresearchhasspeededtheprocess:federalresearchgrants

rosefourfoldbetween1960and1990,butfacultyteachinghoursfellbyhalfasresearchtookitstoll.

Professionalismhasturnedtheacquisitionofadoctoraldegreeintoaprerequisiteforasuccessfulacademic

career:aslateas1969athirdofAmericanprofessorsdidnotpossessone.Butthekeyideabehind

professionalisation,arguesMrMenand,isthat“theknowledgeandskillsneededfbraparticularspecialization

aretransmissiblebutnottransferable.^Sodisciplinesacquireamonopolynotjustovertheproductionof

knowledge,butalsoovertheproductionoftheproducersofknowledge.

[F]Thekeytoreforminghighereducation,concludesMrMenand,istoalterthewayinwhich“theproducersof

knowledgeareproduced.^Otherwise,academicswillcontinuetothinkdangerouslyalike,increasinglydetached

fromthesocietieswhichtheystudy,investigateandcriticize.^Academicinquiry,atleastinsomefields,may

needtobecomelessexclusionaryandmoreholistic.MYetquitehowthathappens,MrMenanddosenotsay.

[G]ThesubtleandintelligentlittlebookTheMarketplaceofIdeas:ReformandResistanceintheAmerican

Universityshouldbereadbyeverystudentthinkingofapplyingtotakeadoctoraldegree.Theymaythendecide

togoelsewhere.ForsomethingcurioushasbeenhappeninginAmericanUniversities,andLouisMenand,a

professorofEnglishatHarvardUniversity,captureditskillfully.

G-41.->42.—E->43.一44.一45.

PartC

Directions:

ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.Yourtranslation

shouldbewrittencarefullyonANSWERSHEET2.(10points)

Withitsthemethat“Mindisthemasterweaver/9creatingourinnercharacterandoutercircumstances,the

bookAsaManThinkingbyJamesAllenisanin-depthexplorationofthecentralideaofself-helpwriting.

(46)AHen'scontributionwastotakeanassumptionweallshare-thatbecauseweerenotrobotswetherefore

controlourthoughts・andrevealitserroneousnature.Becausemostofusbelievethatmindisseparatefrom

matter,wethinkthatthoughtscanbehiddenandmadepowerless;thisallowsustothinkonewayandactanother.

However,Allenbelievedthattheunconsciousmindgeneratesasmuchactionastheconsciousmind,and(47)

whilewemaybeabletosustaintheillusionofcontrolthroughtheconsciousmindalone,inrealityweare

continuallyfacedwithaquestion:"WhycannotImakemyselfdothisorachievethat?”

Sincedesireandwillaredamagedbythepresenceofthoughtsthatdonotaccordwithdesire,Allen

concluded:"Wedonotattractwhatwewant,butwhatweare."Achievementhappensbecauseyouasaperson

embodytheexternalachievement;youdon't"get"successbutbecomeit.Thereisnogapbetweenmindand

matter.

PartofthefameofAllen'sbookisitscontentionthat"Circumstancesdonotmakeaperson,theyreveal

him.”(48)Thisseemsajustificationforneglectofthoseinneed、andarationalizationofexploitation,ofthe

superiorityofthoseatthetopandtheinferiorityofthoseatthebottom.

This,however,wouldbeaknee-jerkreactiontoasubtleargument.Eachsetofcircumstances,howeverbad,

offersauniqueopportunityforgrowth.Ifcircumstancesalwaysdeterminedthelifeandprospectsofpeople,then

humanitywouldneverhaveprogressed.Infat,(49)circumstancesseemtobedesignedtobringoutthebestinus

andifwefbelthatwehavebeen“wronged“thenweareunlikelytobeginaconsciousefforttoescapefa)mour

situation.Nevertheless,asanybiographerknows,aperson'searlylifeanditsconditionsareoftenthegreatest

gifttoanindividual.

ThesoberingaspectofAllen'sbookisthatwehavenooneelsetoblamefbrourpresentconditionexcept

ourseIves.(50)Theupsideisthepossibilitiescontainedinknowingthateverythingisuptous;wherebeforewe

wereexpertsinthearrayoflimitations、nowwebecomeauthoritiesofwhatispossible.

SectionIIIWriting

PartA

51.Directions:

Writealettertoafriendofyoursto

1)recommendoneofyourfavoritemoviesand

2)givereasonsfbryourrecommendation

Yourshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2

Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheleter.User"LIMING,9instead.

Donotwritertheaddress.(10points)

PartB

52.Directions:

Writeanessayof160200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youshould

1)describethedrawingbriefly,

2)explainit'sintendedmeaning,and

3)giveyourcomments.

YourshouldwriteneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(20points)

旅程之“余”

2011年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(-)真题答案及详解

SectionIUseofEngli

1.C

解析：语义逻辑题。第一句含义是“古希腊哲学家亚里士多德把笑看作是“有益于身体健康的宝贵锻

炼”，第二句意思是“但是一些人提出相反的意见，轻笑可能对身体健康影响极小”，两句之间是转折关系,

A、B、C、D四个选项中只有C选项表转折“尽管”，故是正确选项。

2.D

解析：语义辨析题。上下文语境是“笑确实能短期的改变A.reflect“反映”，B.demand“要求”，C.

indicate"表明，暗示"，D.produce“产生”，只有D选项符合语境，所以是正确答案。

3.B

解析：语义搭配题。文中提到“笑能够心律呼吸速率。"A.stabilizing意思是“安定，稳定”，B.

boosting”促进，推进”,C.impairing”损害，削弱“，D.determining“决定”，根据语境应该是“笑能够促进心

律呼吸速率”，B为正确答案。

4.B

解析：语义辨析题。这句话意思是“但是因为大笑很难，•次狂笑不可能……”，四个选项的含义分

别是A.transmit”传播"，B.sustain“维持"，C.evaluate"评估”，D.observe”观察"，根据语境，只有B.sustain

符合语境。

5.A

解析：语义辨析题。这句话意思是“一次狂笑不可能像比如走路或者慢跑那样对心血管功能产生益

处。“A.measurable”重大的，重要的“，B.manageable“易控制的“，C.affordable”负担得起的“，D.

renewable”可再生的,'，四个选项中能和