英语设计方案报告格式

英文试验汇报格式和写法【转】-10-0406:03一份最标准试验汇报格式：abstractintroductionmethodresultsdiscussionconclusionreference分别来分享下最近学到。。abstract摘要摘要，就是整篇文章摘出来要。强烈提议整篇文章写完后再写摘要。把文章每个部分选部分句子出来就能够拼凑成一个abstract了。一个abstract模板：一两句话说明这个试验关键理论依据，或试验需要证实假说。2一两句话说一下这个理论或假说相关研究。3两三句话描述一下试验4两三句话概括一下试验结果5一句话说一个结论，解释一下这个试验意义或结果关键性转一个她人example:doesachild’sfocuscorrelatewithbarometricpressure?ifso,doesitcorrelatepositivelyornegatively?tucker(1999)hypothesizedanegativecorrelation,butthisassertionhasneverbeentested.ourteamusedthemishacpttomeasurethefocusofagroupof150third-gradestudents.wedividedthestudentsintothreegroupsof50students.onegrouptookthemishacptwhenbarometricpressurewaslow,anothergrouptookitwhenbarometricpressurewasneutral,andthefinalgrouptookitwhenbarometricpressurewashigh.theresultsfoundthatchildrenfocusedsignificantlybetterwhenbarometricpressurewaslowthanwhenbarometricpressurewasneutralorhigh.theresultssuggestthatwhendiagnosingadhd,practitionersshouldgivethecptwhenbarometricpressureisroductionintroduction以试验目标为开头，解释一下这个试验需要证实东西。具体试验目标视全篇试验汇报长度而定，几段到几页全部有。试验目标写完后介绍试验基础理论。介绍一下前人或文件里相近相关试验，写一下她们结果和不到位地方。（well,假如是学校安排每十二个月全部要做试验就写写类似相关试验优劣吧），这部分注意写reference。然后介绍一下试验过程。假如试验用了部分很见仪器，也能够在这个部分做一个简明介绍。再转一篇我认为写得很好introductionexampleintroductioninthislab,weexplorethetheoryofoptimalforagingandthetheoryofcentralplaceforagingusingbeaversasthemodelanimal.foragingreferstothemammalianbehaviorassociatedwithsearchingforfood.theoptimalforagingtheoryassumesthatanimalsfeedinawaythatmaximizestheirnetrateofenergyintakeperunittime(pykeetal.1977).ananimalmayeithermaximizeitsdailyenergyintake(energymaximizer)orminimizethetimespentfeeding(timeminimizer)inordertomeetminimumthecentralplacetheoryisusedtodescribeanimalsthatcollectfoodandstoreitinafixedlocationintheirhomerange,thecentralplace(jenkins1980).thefactorsassociatedwiththeoptimalforagingtheoryalsoapplytothecentralplacetheory.thecentralplacetheorypredictsthatretrievalcostsincreaselinearlywithdistanceoftheresourcefromthecentralplace(rockwoodandhubbell1987).centralplacefeedersareveryselectivewhenchoosingfoodthatisfarfromthecentralplacesincetheyhavetospendtimeandenergyhaulingitbacktothestoragesite(schoener1979).themainobjectiveofthislabwastodeterminebeaver(castorcanadensis)foodselectionbasedontreespecies,size,anddistance.sincebeaversareenergymaximizers(jenkins1980,belovsky1984)andcentralplacefeeders(mcginleyandwhitam1985),theymakeanexcellenttestanimalfortheoptimalforagingtheory.beaverseatseveralkindsofherbaceousplantsaswellastheleaves,twigs,andbarkofmostspeciesofwoodyplantsthatgrownearwater(jenkinsandbusher1979).byexaminingthetreesthatarechewedornot-chewedinthebeavers’homerange,anaccurateassessmentoffoodpreferencesamongtreespeciesmaybegained(jenkins1975).thepurposeofthislabwastolearnabouttheoptimalforagingtheory.wewantedtoknowifbeaversputtheoptimalforagingtheoryintoactionwhenselectingfood.wehypothesizedthatthebeaversinthisstudywillchoosetreesthataresmallincircumferenceandclosesttothewater.sincetheenergyyieldoftreespeciesmayvarysignificantly,wealsohypothesizedthatbeaverswillshowapreferenceforsomespeciesoftreesoverothersregardlessofcircumferencesizeordistancefromthecentralarea.theoptimalforagingtheoryandcentralplacetheoryleadustopredictthatbeavers,likemostherbivores,willmaximizetheirnetrateofenergyintakeperunittime.inordertomaximizeenergy,beaverswillchoosetreesthatareclosesttotheircentralplace(thewater)andrequiretheleastretrievalcost.sincebeaversaretryingtomaximizeenergy,wehypothesizedthattheywilltendtoselectsomespeciesoftreesoverothersonthebasisofnutritionalvalue.methods这部分通常包含material和procedure两个部分。material：具体写出试验用到材料，设备，器材。像下面这么是不够详尽：chromatographylightbulbs比较一下下面：lc-10avpplushigh-performanceliquidchromatography24incandescent60wlightbulbsarrangedina6*4rectangularmatrix(seefigure2)dellprecisiont7500(xeonx55502.66ghz,6gbram,64bitwindows7professional)另外，假如试验对象中有些人话，介绍人数，群体背景。用subjects来称呼。比如subjectswetested150third-gradestudentschosenatrandomfromapoolof346applicantsfromeightlondonpublicandprivateelementaryschools.thestudentsrepresentedafairlywiderangeofeconomicbackgrounds.allagreedtoparticipateinourstudyinexchangefora25poundsgiftcertificatefromalocaltoycedure具体写出每一步步骤。不要虚构理想化试验，不要夸大某个过程如实叙述即可。假如步骤比较多就用数字标出每一步。example:t=mr(g-a),whereaistheaccelerationofthemass.iftheassumptionholdsthattheonlyfrictionaffectingthepotentiometerwasconstantcoulombfriction,theneachmasswouldundergoaconstantacceleration.thepotentiometermeasuredvoltageversustimeforthemassesastheydropped,butthemeasurementofinteresttouswaspositionversustime.forthatreason,a‘calibration’wasperformedbeforewemeasuredanydata.inthecalibration,thepotentiometer’sinitialvoltagewasmeasured.thenthestringwaspulledasetdistance(2inches),andthevoltagewasrecorded.thisprocessofpullingthestringasetdistanceandrecordingthevoltagecontinuedanothertwotimes(seeappendixafortheresults).todeterminetherelationshipbetweenvoltageandposition,thedifferencesinthevoltageswereaveragedanddividedbythelength.theresultingrelationshipwas0.9661volts/inch.fivedifferentmasseswereusedtotesttheassumptionofconstantacceleration.foreachmass,thestringwasrolledupontheshaft,theoscilloscopewastriggered,andtheshaftwasreleased.aseachmassdropped,theoscilloscopecollectedthepotentiometer’svoltageversusthetime.afterobtainingplotsforeachmass,weusedthevoltage-positionrelationship,mentionedabove,toconvertthedatafromtheformvoltageversustimetotheformpositionversustimesquared.theresidualsofthedatadeterminedwhethertheassumptionofconstantaccelerationwasvalid.results试验数据，公式，图表，计算过程，用一个对读者最友好形式展示出来。试验原始数据通常全部是放在附录，这里全部是放处理过数据。假如有大量计算，最少要列出其中一个samplecalculation.results部分开头最好反复一下试验目标。假如结果很多，最好分成不一样sectionexample:resultsoverall,beaversshowedapreferenceforcertainspeciesoftrees,andtheirpreferencewasbasedondistancefromthecentralplace.measurementstakenatthestudysiteshowthatbeaversavoidedoaksandmusclewood(fig.1)andshowasignificantfoodpreference(x2=447.26,d.f.=9,p<.05).noavoidanceorparticularpreferencewasobservedfortheothertreespecies.themeandistanceof8.42mawayfromthewaterfornot-chewedtreeswassignificantlygreaterthanthemeandistanceof6.13mforchewedtrees(t=3.49,d.f.=268,p<.05)(fig.2).thetreespeciesthatwereavoidedwerenotsignificantlyfartherfromthewater(t=.4277,d.f.=268,p>.05)thanselectedtrees.fortheselectedtreespecies,nosignificantdifferenceincircumferencewasfoundbetweentreesthatwerenotchewed(mean=16.03cm)andchewed(mean=12.80cm)(t=1.52,d.f.=268,p>.05)(fig.3).discussions对于results中描述试验数据，在这个部分中深入诠释，解释每个结果含义，为后面conclusion做准备。然后多个方面说明这个见解whatresultsconfirmtheopinionistherereasonabledoubtforyouropinion?anypossibleflawsintheexperimentaldesignorholesintheresults?example:ourteamattemptedtodeterminewhetherbarometricpressureinfluenceschildren’sabilitytofocus.inparticular,wetestedtucker’s(1999)hypothesis,whichstatesthatchildren’sfocuscorrelatesnegativelywithbarometricpressure.theresultshowpartialsupportfortucker’shypothesis.inparticular,childrenfocussignificantlybetterwhenthebarometricpressureislowthantheydowhenthebarometricpressureisneutralorhigh.however,childrenfocusedonlyslightlyworseduringhighpressurethannormalpressure.theunusuallyhighstandarddeviationonthehigh-pressureday(thursday)suggeststhathighbarometricpressuremightaffectsomechildrengreatlyandothersverylittle.theresultssuggestthat,whendiagnosingadhd,practitionersshouldgivethecptwhenbarometricpressureisneutral.conclusion概括一下resultsandthediscussion最关键最精华部分。因为abstract和conclusion是被最常看部分。discussion和conclusions永远是两个不一样部分。通常：thetheory(hypothesis)theresultsexample:conclusionthepurposeofthislabwastolearnabouttheoptimalforagingtheorybymeasuringtreeselectioninbeavers.wenowknowthattheoptimalforagingtheoryallowsustopredictfood-seekingbehaviorinbeaverswith篇二：英语课堂汇报打印稿格式模板[differentchinainforeigners’eyes]余梦婷王伟尧刘安琪[3月20日]contentpart1introduction......................................................................11.1motivation........................................................................................................11.2methods.............................................................................................................11.3significance......................................................................................................1part2.......................................................................................................2thedefinitionoffeminism.............................................错误！未定义书签。importantmovements....................................................错误！未定义书签。famousfeministsandsuccessfulwomen...................错误！未定义书签。summary............................................................................错误！未定义书签。part3casestudy..........................................错误！未定义书签。3.1[依据实际内容填写]..........................................................错误！未定义书签。3.2[依据实际内容填写]..........................................................错误！未定义书签。3.3[依据实际内容填写]..........................................................错误！未定义书签。3.4summary............................................................................错误！未定义书签。part4analysis/discussion.........................................................44.1[依据实际内容填写]............................................................................................54.2[依据实际内容填写]............................................................................................54.3[依据实际内容填写]............................................................................................54.4summary..............................................................................................................5part5conclusion...........................................................................6references..........................................................................................7appendix................................................................................................8part1introduction1.1motivationfirstofall,wefindweusuallyusealabeltodescribeacountry.forexample,franceisromantic;americaisfreeandopen;egyptismystery.sosomequestionshitus.whatistheimpressionofchinaonforeigners?isittrue?isthereanylabelstheyusetodescribechinese？then,withthestepofreformandrevolutioninchina，bothofthelivesandeducationofchinesehavebeenimproved.butwhenwewatchnewsoninternet，wefindthattherearestillsomeprejudiceaboutchinese.sowewanttoknowchinainforeigners’eyes.1.2methodslistingsomequestions.goingoutandinterviewingsomeforeignersinthestreet.chattingonlinewithforeigners.organizingtheinformation.1.3significance1.4difficultiessomedistricts,economyinminhangdistrictisrelativelybackwardandthepopulationisnotverylarge,sowegotupearlyonsaturdaytogotosomebustlingdistrictslongingtomeetmoreforeigners.however,maybethetimewechosewasnotverysuit.wedidnotmeetlotsofforeignersinthemorning.wejusthungoutinthestreetunderthestrongsun.fortunately,ourinterviewbecamemoresmoothintheafternoon.what’smore,manyintervieweeswouldn’tliketotakethevideo,sowemaymisssomedetails.ontheotherhand,itincreasesourdifficultiesinorganizingtheinformationaftertheinterview.part2background2.1someviewsonchina1,chinesepeople’sfeelingisdifferent.theirlife.”2,chinesepeoplelikereputationverymuch.“iknowifidon’tprovemyselfinfrontofmystudents,iwillhavetolistentoa“lecture”aboutchina’sfive-thousand-yearhistory.”,saidbychriscoley,teachinginternationalrelationsinrenmnuniversityofchina.3,chinesepeoplearesensitiveaboutsometopics.“theopinionsofchinesepeoplemaynotreconcilewiththoseofwesternpeopleonsometopics.infact,ireallydon’tknowwhattheideasofchinesepeopleonsomesensiblequestionsare,becausechinesepeoplealwayskeepoffthem.”,saidbygerardvanbrecht,fromthenetherlands.4．chinaisaconfusingbutmysteriouscountry.chinesepeople’spersonalitiesarealsouncertain.part3casestudylastweek,wedidaresearchinmidnortherncampus.thesurveyemphasizedonbeforetheinterview,weguessitmaybesuch:crowedstreet,uncultivatedchinese,chinesekungfu,confuciusandsoon.butlaterwefinditisquitedifferentfromourimagination.duringtheresearch,weinterviewedafewforeignersandaskedthemsomethereanythingaboutchinathatisn’ttrue?”,and“whatleadstothesedistinctions.”afterthat,weheardaboutseveralinterestinganswers.accordingtothereply,wemakeaconclusionaboutthekeywords:food,people,environmentandculture.3.1foodeachforeignerreferstothechinesefood.thereissharpdistinctionbetweenrealityandimagination.contrarytowhattheyfindinlocalchinatown,foodinchinaisgenerallyhealthy,deliciousandbeautifullypresented,whichisdifferentfromwhattheyhaveheardabout,suchasunhealthy,fatanddirty.sowhychinesefoodmadeinforeigncountryissobad?whychinesefoodleaveabadimpressioninforeigners’eyes?itisaquestionworththinkingabout.3.2peopledifferent.mostofchinesecareaboutfaceproblemverymuch,whichstandsforreputation.ifsomeoneplaysjokeonhim,itmightoffendhim.what’smore,mike,aenglishteacherfromgermantoldmethat,aschinesestudentsaresohard-working,theyknowalotbuttalklittle.andtheyprefertolisteningtoteachersratherthan篇三：英文试验汇报模板determinationofheavymetalsinsoilbyatomicabsorptionspectrometry(aas)name:xufeigroup:the3rdgroupdate:sep.20thpart1theintroduction1thepurposes(1)learnhowtooperatetheatomicabsorptionspectrometry;(2)learnhowtodothepretreatmentofsoilsamples;(3)getfamiliarwiththeapplicationofatomicabsorptionspectrometry.2theprinciplesatomicabsorptionspectrometry(aas)isatechniqueformeasuringquantitiesofchemicalelementspresentinenvironmentalsamplesbymeasuringtheabsorbedradiationbythechemicalelementofinterest.thisisdonebyreadingthespectraproducedwhenthesampleisexcitedbyradiation.theatomsabsorbultravioletorvisiblelightandmaketransitionstohigherenergylevels.theconcentrationiscalculatedbasedonthebeer-lambertlaw.absorbanceisdirectlyproportionaltotheconcentrationoftheanalyteabsorbedfortheexistingsetofconditions.theconcentrationisusuallydeterminedfromacalibrationcurve,obtainedusingstandardsofknownconcentration.calibrationcurvemethod:preparestandardsolutionsofatleastthreedifferentconcentrations,measuretheabsorbanceofthesestandardsolutions,andprepareacalibrationcurvefromthevaluesobtained.thenmeasuretheabsorbanceofthetestsolutionadjustedinconcentrationtoameasurablerange,anddeterminetheconcentrationoftheelementfromthecalibrationcurve.part2thematerialsandapparatuspart3theprocedure3.1operatingprocedureforaas(2)installrequiredhollowcathodelamp.select“t”beforeturningtothepowerandhollowcathodelamp.thenselectappropriatelampcurrentandpreheatfor30min.(3)makesureelectricalmetertopointtozeroandthenturnonhigh-voltagepower.(4)selectappropriateslitwidth.(5)rotatemonochromatorandselectrequiredwavelength.ifthepowermeteristoohighorlow,adjustnegativehighvoltageuntilthemeterreadsfullscale.(6)adjustlightpointandwavelengthsothatthemeterrepresentsthemaximumvalue.(8)injectdistilledwaterintotheflameandcontinuetopreheattheburner.injectdistilledwaterintotheflameaftereachsample.(9)select“e”,injectblanksolutionintotheflameandadjustthemetertozero.(10)optimizeanalysisconditionsandmeasurestandardsolutionandsamples.(12)select“t”beforeturningoffhighvoltagepower,decreaselampcurrentandthenturnoffthelamp.atthesametime,allbuttonsshouldbeonoriginalpositions.(13)checktheequipmentbeforeleavingthelaboratory.3.2determinationofsoilsamples(1)preparationofextractingsolution(0.05mol/ledtasolution)18.6gofedtaisdissolvedwithwaterinabeaker(500ml).thephisadjustedto7.0usingdiluteammonia.themixtureistransferredintoavolumetricflask(1000ml),dilutetothemarkandmixedwell.(2)treatmentofsoilsamples2.50gofair-driedsoil(60-100mesh)isputintoanerlenmeyerflaskwithstopper(100ml).12.5mlofedtasolutionisadded.themixtureisshakenfor1handthenfiltered.thefiltrateispreservedforanalysis.(3)preparationofcustandardstocksolution0.10gofcuisdissolvedin15mlof(1:1)nitricacidsolution.themixtureistransferredintoavolumetricflask(1000ml)anddilutedtothemarkwithre-distilledwater.theconcentrationofthestockstandardsolutionis100g/ml.(theconcentrationshouldbecalculatedaccordingtothemassofcu).theworkingcustandardsolution(10μg/ml)isobtainedbydiluting10mlofcustandardstocksolutionto100mlwithre-distilledwater.(4)plottingofthestandardcurve0ml,1ml,2ml,3ml,4mland5mlofcustandardsolution(10μg/ml)areaddedrespectivelyto6volumetricflask(10ml)with1mlof5mol/lhydrochloricacid.themixtureisdilutedwithre-distilledwaterandmixedwelltogive0μg/ml,1.00μg/ml,2.00μg/ml,3.00μg/ml,4.00μg/ml,5.00μg/mlofcu,respectively.theabsorbanceismeasuredatwavelengthsof3247?.thestandardcurveisconstructedbyplottingabsorbancevs.concentration.(5)determinationofsamplesthesamplesolutionisanalyzedusingthesameprocedureandconditionsasforthestandardcurve.theconcentrationofcuisobtainedfromthestandardcurvebasedontheabsorbance.part4theresults4.1therawdata4.2aasstandardcurve4.3calculationtheabsorbanceofsampleis0.0511.accordingtotheformulaabove:y=0.0446x+0.0024,r2=0.9997theconcentrationofcuinthesampleis:1.091mg/l.part5discussioninthisexperiment,weusetheaastodeterminecuinsoil.ilearnhowtooperatetheaasandthelimitation.intheexperimentalprocess,standardsolutionwaspreparedinstrictaccordancewiththeexperimentalrequirementsandilearnhowtodealwiththedata.finallywegetthestandardcurve,then,thesampleconcentrationiscalculatedaccordingtotheabsorbanceofthesample.ultimately,wegetthelinearformulaisy=0.0446x+0.0024andr2=0.9997.fromaccordingtotheformulaandtheabsorbanceofcuinthesampleis0.0511,wedrawtheconcentrationofcuinthesampleis1.091μg/ml.wehaveknownthattheconcentrationoftestsamplemeasuredbyinstrumentis1.091mg/l.wecansayourresultofexperimentissoveryaccuratefromthestandardcurveofcuandthevalueofr(r2=0.09997).theaccuratedataisduetotheeffortsofweeveryone.thanksforeverymembersofourgroup.ihavesomesuggestionsforourexperiments.firstlywhenwe’lldoanexperiment,wemustprepareourpre-labbyourselvesandtranslateitintochinese.onlydolikethis,wecanunderstandtheexperimentwell.secondlyweshouldprefertosolutetheproblemsintheexperimentratherthanaskforta.finally,everyoneshouldunderstandhisowntaskintheexperiment.篇四：英语论文标准格式扉页（英文）culturalfactorsinchinese&englishproverbstranslation（timesnewroman二号加粗居中）bylihairongwangzhiyun,tutor（timesnewroman小二居中）registeredno.facultyofforeignlanguagesshanghaibusinessschooldecember,（timesnewroman小二）论文摘要（英文）及关键词abstract（timesnewroman二号，加粗，居中）proverbsreflectcolorfulnationalculturein（timesnewroman四号）…………………….…………………………................................…………………………………………………………………………………（空一行）keywords:proverbs;translation;culture;differences（timesnewroman四号）说明：1．关键词3-5个，词和词之间用分号隔开，除专有名词外，其它单词首字母不大写，最终一个词后面无标点符号。2．“摘要”下空一行写摘要内容，摘要内容和关键词之间空一行。论文摘要（汉字）及关键词摘要谚语……………….........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................（英文摘要对应译文）关键词：（宋体四号，加粗）谚语；翻译；文化；区分（宋体四号）说明：1．汉字摘要内容和关键词应和英文摘要相对应，关键词3-5个，词和词之间用分号隔开。2．“摘要”下空一行写摘要内容，摘要内容和关键词之间空一行。contents（timesnewroman小二号加粗，居中，目录占一或两页）statement(inchinese)…………………..iabstract(inenglish)…………………..…iiabstract(inchinese)...………………….iiii.introduction..…………….……..……1（一级标题，timesnewroman四号，加粗，“……”和页码不加粗，后面页码应排齐，下同）ii.thecharacteristicsofidioms………2（二级标题，timesnewroman四号，不加粗）………………….2…………………….3iii.thetranslationofidioms……..…………………..4differencesbetweenliteraltranslationandfreetranslation.......4（三级标题，timesnewroman四号，不加粗）………………5………………..…………..……5（四级标题，timesnewroman四号，不加粗）............................................6b..........................................................................................................6c..........................................................................................................6d..........................................................................................................7iv.differentculturesinchinaandwesterncountries……………8.........................................................................................................9.........................................................................................................9.......................................................................................................10v.conclusion.........................................................................................11bibliography...........................................................................................12acknowledgements...............................................................................13篇五：英语开题汇报标准格式byligangtheteachingofcultureintheenglishlanguageeducationi.introductioninteachingenglishasaforeignlanguage,theimportanceofteaching