山东科技大学外国语学院《357英语翻译基础》专业硕士历年考研真题及详解合集

目录2011年山东科技大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2012年山东科技大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2013年山东科技大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2014年山东科技大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2015年山东科技大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2016年山东科技大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2017年山东科技大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2018年山东科技大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解

2011年山东科技大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解I.Directions:Translatethefollowingwords,abbreviationsorterminologyintotheirtargetlanguagerespectively.Therearealtogether30itemsinthispartofthetest,15inEnglishand15inChinese,withonepointforeach.(30points)1.WTO【答案】世界贸易组织(WorldTradeOrganization)2.APEC【答案】亚太经贸合作组织(Asia-PacificEconomicCooperation)3.EMS【答案】邮政特快专递服务(ExpressMailService)4.FBI【答案】美国联邦调查局(FederalBureauofInvestigation)

5.GPS【答案】全球定位系统(GlobalPositionSystem)6.FOB【答案】离岸价格；船上交货价格(freeonboard)7.IPA【答案】国际音标(InternationalPhoneticAlphabet)8.NATO【答案】北大西洋公约组织(NorthAtlanticTreatyOrganization)9.Geneticmutation【答案】基因突变10.somebody’scupoftea【答案】某人喜爱的人或事物

11.givethefloorto【答案】给予发言权12.thetransferenceofthetitleofproperty【答案】财产所有权转让13.mostfavorednations【答案】最惠国待遇14.IntellectualPropertyRights【答案】知识产权15.downpayment【答案】首付16.春运【答案】TheSpringFestivaltransportseason

17.国际惯例【答案】internationalcommonpractice18.骑虎难下【答案】rideatiger;havenowaytobackdown19.老人节【答案】theDoubleNinthFestival20.中国十佳宜居城市【答案】tenbestlivablecitiesinChina21.联合兼并【答案】conglomerationandmerger22.留职停薪【答案】leavewithoutpay

23.优惠关税【答案】preferentialduty24.红白喜事【答案】weddingandfuneral25.安居工程【答案】ComfortableHousingProject26.闭路电视【答案】closed-circuittelevision27.世博纪念品【答案】Exposouvenir28.入境签证【答案】entryvisa29.保税区

【答案】BondedArea30.不正之风【答案】unhealthytendencyII.Directions:Translatethefollowingthreesourcetextsintotheirtargetlanguagerespectively.IfthesourcetextisinEnglish,itstargetlanguageisChinese.IfthesourcetextisinChinese,itstargetlanguageisEnglish.(120points)SourceText1(30points):TheywereSenegalese,theblackestNegroesinAfrica,soblackthatsometimesitisdifficulttoseewhereaboutsontheirnecksthehairbegins.Theirsplendidbodieswerehiddeninreach-me-downkhakiuniforms,theirfeetsquashedintobootsthatlookedlikeblocksofwood,andeverytinhatseemedtobeacoupleofsizestoosmall.Itwasveryhotandthemenhadmarchedalongway.Theyslumpedundertheweightoftheirpacksandthecuriouslysensitiveblackfaceswereglisteningwithsweat.【参考译文】他们是塞内加尔人，是非洲肤色最黑的人，黑得简直难以看清他们颈项上的头发从何处生起。他们健硕的身躯罩在旧的卡其布制服里面，脚上套着一双看上去像块木板似的靴子，每个人头上戴着的钢盔似乎都小了

一两号。天气正热，队伍已经走了很长一段路，士兵们都被沉重的包袱压得疲惫不堪，敏感得出奇的黑脸颊上汗水闪闪发光。SourceText2(30points):Withanimmenseeffortofwill,Imodulatedmyvoice.“Allright,”Isaid.“You’realogician.Let’slookatthisthinglogically.HowcouldyouchoosePeteyBurchoverme?Lookatme—abrilliantstudent,atremendousintellectual,amanwithanassuredfuture.LookatPetey—aknot-head,ajitterbug,aguywho’llneverknowwherehisnextmealiscomingfrom.CanyougivemeonelogicalreasonwhyyoushouldgosteadwithPeteyBurch?”【参考译文】我以极大的意志力把语气缓和下来。“好吧”，我说道，“你是一个逻辑学家。那就让我们从逻辑上分析一下这件事。你怎么会看中皮蒂，而不是我呢？你瞧我，一个出色的学生，一个了不起的知识分子，一个前途绝对有保障的人。再看看皮蒂，一个笨蛋，一个感情无常的人，一个吃了上顿没有下顿的家伙。你能提出一个合乎逻辑的理由来告诉我为什么要跟皮蒂在一起吗？”SourceText3(60points):孟母教子孟子幼时家居墓地附近，耳濡目染的尽是些丧葬礼仪的事情，他就和小朋友一起模仿着挖墓筑坟的祭奠。孟母感到长此下去对儿子的教育不

利，于是就搬家了。新居靠近集市，孟子又学着商人做买卖，怎样和人讨价还价，孟母不愿自己的孩子长大成商人，于是又搬家了。第三次的新居在学校附近，孟子就跟着学生学习诗书礼仪，揖让进退等等。孟母认为找到了理想的地方，于是决定在这里长期居住下去。由此可见，孟母深知环境对孩子成长的影响。这就是“孟母三迁”故事的由来。孟子逐渐成长，一次未到放学时间就回家了，孟母把他叫到织布机旁，让她看自己织布。织了很长一段时间，孟母突然用刀子把布割断，孟子不明白怎么回事，连忙向母亲问个究竟。这时孟母耐心地对他说：“你学习半途而废，就如同我把这本来可以织成完整的一匹布割断是同一个道理。”母亲的谆谆教导，深深地印在孟子的脑海之中，从此他发奋图强，刻苦读书，终于成了战国时期，也是我国历史上著名的思想家、教育家。【参考译文】HowMencius’MotherTeachesHerSonWhenMenciuswasyoung,hisfamilylivednearacemetery,fullyexposedtofuneralceremonies.Heandhisplaymatesimitatedburyingandmourningproceedings.Mencius’motherthoughtthesurroundingswerenotgoodforhiseducationsoshedecidedtomove.Theymovedtoaplacenexttoafair,andMenciusbegantolearnthewaysofbusinesspeople,bargainingandhaggling.Hismotherdidn’twanthersontobecomeabusinessmansoshemovedagain.Thistimetheymovedintothehousenearaschool,andMenciusbegantolearntheClassicsandetiquettealongwiththestudents.Hismotherthoughtthiswastherightplaceforhimanddecidedtostaythereforgood.ThisshowsthatMencius’motherrealizedtheimportanceof

environmentforchildren’sgrowingup.Thesearethestoriesabouthow“Mencius’mothermovedthreetimes.”Menciusgrewupgradually.Oneday,Menciuscamebackhomebeforeschoolletout.Hismothercalledhimtotheloomsideandlethimwatchherweaving.Afteralongtime,shesuddenlycuttheclothshehadwovenwithaknife,muchtoMencius’bewilderment.WhenMenciusasked,hismotherexplained,“Ifyouquitschoolhalfway,it’slikemycuttingtheclothbeforeitiscompleted.”Mother’swordswerefirmlyimprintedontheson’smind.Fromthenon,hestudiedassiduouslyandbecameagreatthinkerandeducatoroftheWarringStatesPeriodandhehasbeenrememberedassuchthroughoutChinesehistory.

2012年山东科技大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解I.Directions:Translatethefollowingwords,abbreviationsorterminologyintotheirtargetlanguagerespectively.Therearealtogether30itemsinthispartofthetest,15inEnglishand15inChinese,withonepointforeach.(30points)1.WTO【答案】世界贸易组织(WorldTradeOrganization)2.SARS【答案】非典型肺炎(SevereAcuteRespiratorySyndromes)3.GPS【答案】全球定位系统(GlobalPositionSystem)4.PBOC【答案】中国人民银行(People’sBankofChina)

5.ICJ【答案】国际法院(InternationalCourtofJustice)6.ISO【答案】国际标准化组织(InternationalStandardizationOrganization)7.EU【答案】欧盟(EuropeanUnion)8.FIFA【答案】国际足球联盟(FédérationInternationaledeFootballAssociation)9.IPR【答案】知识产权(IntellectualPropertyRights)10.InternationalMonetaryFund【答案】国际货币基金组织

11.mostfavorednations【答案】最惠国待遇12.Geneticmutation【答案】基因突变13.Aids【答案】艾滋病(AcquiredImmuneDeficiencySyndrome)14.EuropeanFreeTradeAssociation【答案】欧洲自由贸易协会15.InternationalAtomicEnergyAgency【答案】国际原子能机构16.优惠关税【答案】preferentialduty

17.红白喜事【答案】weddingandfuneral18.安居工程【答案】ComfortableHousingProject19.保税区【答案】BondedArea20.不正之风【答案】unhealthytendency21.春运【答案】TheSpringFestivaltransportseason22.第三产业【答案】tertiaryindustry;servicesector23.闭路电视

【答案】closed-circuittelevision24.不良贷款【答案】badloans25.非处方【答案】OvertheCounter(OTC)26.世界卫生组织【答案】WorldHealthOrganization(WHO)27.中国质量认证中心【答案】ChinaQualityCertificationCenter(CQC)28.运费价/到岸价【答案】FreeonBoard(FOB)29.国际音标

【答案】InternationalPhoneticAlphabet(IPA)30.全国人民代表大会【答案】NationalPeople’sCongress(NPC)II.Directions:Translatethefollowingtwosourcetextsintotheirtargetlanguagerespectively.IfthesourcetextisinEnglish,itstargetlanguageisChinese.IfthesourcetextisinChinese,itstargetlanguageisEnglish.(120points)SourceText1:AWaterBridgeAcrossPanamarunsaworld-famous“waterbridge”,andthatisthePanamaCanal.LastsummervacationIwentwithmyparentsonasightseeingtouralongit,whichisstillfreshinmymemory.HavinggottoPanamaCitybyair,weboardedapleasureboatintheportofBalboaandsailedintothecanal.Theboattraveled13kmandreachedthefirstgroupofwaterlocks.ThePanamaCanalisthusa“waterbridge”thatallowsshipstocrosslandbytheopeningandclosingofwaterlocks.Webegan“gettingontothebridge”.Whentheboathadsailedintothelockchamber,thesteelgate,2metersthick,20metershighandwideand

hundredsoftonsinweight,slowlyclosed,andwaterbeganrunningintothechamber,whichcontinuedforafewminutes.Theboatrosewiththewaterandadvancedslowly,pulledalongbypowercarsalongbothbanks.Twoliftslikethatraisedtheboat16meters.Itsailedoutofthelockacrossasmalllakeandcametothesecondgroupoflocks,whichraisedtheboatanother9.5meters.Inthisway,theboat,now26metersabovesealevel,hadgotontothe“topofthebridge”.Itsailedalongthemainchannel,whichstretched13kmbetweenbeautifulhillsassteepasifcutapartwithaswordandcoveredwithgreentreesandcolorfulflowers.TheboatsailedoutofthegorgeandintothewideGatúnLake,withwhitecloudsanddistanthillsreflectedinitandprettyislespassingintoandoutofsight.Afteraleisurelyjourneyof38kmonthelake,theboatcametotheGatúnLocks,andtherebeganits“descentdownthebridge”.TheGatúnLocks,threeinnumber,lookedlikesomanygiganticsteps.Aftergettingthroughthelocks,theboathaddescendedtothesamelevelasthesurfaceoftheAtlanticOcean.ThebeautifulCaribbeanSeacameintoviewasitsailedintotheLimónBay.WehadcomefromthePacifictotheAtlantic,twogreatoceansseparatedbylandbutlinkedbythePanamaCanal.Thecanalis81.8kminlengthand150to304minwidth.Shipsof50,000tonscanpassitunimpededallaroundtheclock.Itistrulyworthyofthenameof“theBridgeoftheWorld”.FullofheartypraisesamIforman’swisdomandcourageintransformingnature!Iadmireyou,thepeopleofPanama!TheguidetoldusthatthePanamanianpeoplehadhighaspirations.Ontheonehand,theywereworkingtoimprovetheexistentcanal,andontheother

hand,theywereplanningforanevenlongerone,which,itwasestimated,wouldtake10yearstocomplete,andwhichwouldbethegreatestprojectinman’shistory.Welookforwardtoitsearlycompletion.【参考译文】在巴拿马，有一座世界闻名的“水桥”，那就是巴拿马运河。去年暑假，我跟着爸爸妈妈去巴拿马运河游览观光，至今还记忆犹新。我们乘机抵达巴拿马城，然后搭上了一艘游轮，从巴尔博亚港进入运河。船行13公里后，便到了运河的第一组水闸。巴拿马运河就是通过开关水闸让船舰跨越陆地的一座“水桥”。我们开始“上桥”了。船驶进闸池之后，厚2米，高、宽各20米，重数百吨的钢闸门便缓缓地关闭，闸池里开始注水。几分钟后，水涨船高。游轮在两岸电力机车的牵引下缓缓前进。这样连升两级之后，船已经升高了16米。出闸后，再驶过一个小湖，又到了第二组水闸。经过这座水闸，船又升高了9.5米。这样，船已高出海平面26米，进入“桥顶”。我们的游船驶进了长达13公里的主航道，只见两岸山如刀削，绿树红花，景色十分秀丽。游船出了峡谷，驶入了宽阔的加通湖。湖水倒映着远山白云，美丽的小岛时隐时现。在湖中悠悠航行38公里之后，船来到了加通水闸，从此进入了“下桥”段。这座水闸共有三级，犹如三个巨大的台阶。游船经过加通水闸后，已经降到了与大西洋水面相同的高度。当船驶入利蒙湾时，美丽的加勒比海便出现在眼前。我们从太平洋来到大西洋，彼此隔离的大洋因为有了巴拿马运河而相通。运河全长81.8公里，宽度由150米到304米不等。5万吨级的巨轮，

日夜畅通无阻。它无愧于“世界桥梁”的称誉。我由衷地赞美人类改造自然的智慧和勇气！我敬佩你们，巴拿马人民！导游告诉我们，巴拿马人民是有志气的。他们一方面正在改造现在这条运河；另一方面，还准备新建一条更长的运河，预计工程需要10年才能完成，它将成为人类有史以来最大的工程。我们期待着它早日完成。SourceText2:信用卡信用卡可以使持卡人以赊账的方式购买商品，享受服务。信用卡由零售商店、银行、信用卡公司发放给已获批准的用户。银行或信用卡公司给客户付账，按月给客户开列其消费清单，并收取欠款利息。这些金融机构的利润来源于所收取的高额利息、持卡人认购费以及允许使用信用卡消费单位缴纳的代理费。信用卡的流行始于加利福尼亚州，20世纪60年代后期普及到整个美国和西欧大部分地区。虽然，信用卡消费渐趋受到金融领域更多的欢迎，但许多人仍心存疑虑，把信用卡看成是“先享受，后付款”生活方式的主要表现。信用卡同分期付款、租赁等赊购方式一样，鼓励多消费。当然，只有鲁莽的傻瓜才会经不住诱惑，只顾眼前而入不敷出。其实，即使没有信用卡，这种人也无疑会这样生活。然而，大量的广告宣传促使越来越多的人认识到这种塑料小卡的好处。信用卡免去了携带大量现金的麻烦，而且信用卡总是可以解燃眉之急。所有信用卡机构都要收取利息，按月计算，年息可高达百分之二十五，

但只要你明智地使用信用卡消费，你便可以享受到长达七星期的无息赊欠。在国外使用信用卡，由于欠款常常需要很长时间才入账，无息赊欠期还会更长。在选定某家信用卡之前，最好货比三家。有必要考虑信用卡的赊款限额、利率——可能略有不同、接收单位（网点）的多少及适用范围——不过大多数信用卡在大的加油站、旅馆、饭店和百货商店均可使用，当然，还要考虑如果信用卡遗失或失窃，情况会如何。信用卡窃贼可能会发一笔横财——尤其是失主没有及时报失时，损失尤甚。不过，只要你明智地使用信用卡，就毫发无损。至少，信用卡就能帮你暂渡经济难关。【参考译文】Creditcardsenabletheirholderstoobtaingoodsandservicesoncredit.Theyareissuedbyretailstores,banks,creditcardcompaniestoapprovedclients.Thebankorcreditcardcompanysettlestheclient’sbills,invoicinghimmonthlyandcharginginterestonanyoutstandingdebts.Theirprofitcomesfromthehighrateofinterestscharged,thecardholder’ssubscriptions,andthefeespaidbysomeorganizationsthatacceptcards.FirstpopularinCalifornia,creditcardsspreadthroughouttheUnitedStatesandmostofWesternEuropeduringthelate1960s.Althoughcreditcardsarebecomingamoreacceptablepartofthefinancialscene,theyarestillregardedwithsuspicionbymanyasbeingamajorpartofthe“livingnow,paylater”syndrome.Alongwithhire-purchase,rentalandleasingschemes,theyprovideencouragementtospendmoremoney.Ofcourse,itisonlythefoolhardywhosuccumbtothetemptationtolive,temporarilyatleast,beyond

theirmeans,andsuchpeoplewouldnodoubtmanagetodosoevenwithoutcreditcards.Advertisingcampaignshave,however,promotedagrowingrealizationoftheadvantagesofthesesmallplasticcards.Theyobviateneedtocarrylargeamountsofcashandarealwaysusefulinemergencies.Allthecreditorganizationschargeinterestonamonthlybasiswhichmayworkoutas25percentayear,yetjudiciouspurchasingusingacardcanmeanthatyouobtainuptosevenweeksinterestfreecredit.Usingthecardabroad,whereitemsfrequentlytakealongtimetobeincludedonyouraccount,canextendthisperiodevenlonger.Itisworthyourwhileshoppingaroundbeforedecidingonaparticularcreditcard.Itisnecessarytoconsidertheamountofcreditgranted;interestrateswhichmayvaryslightly;thenumberandrangeofoutlets,thoughmostcardscovermajorgarages,hotels,restaurantsanddepartmentstores;andofcourse,whathappensifyourcardislostorstolen.Acreditcardthiefmaybesittingonapotentialgoldmine,particularlyifthereisadelayinreportingthelossofthecard.However,ifusedwisely,acreditcardcancostnothing.Oratleasthelptotideyouoveraperiodoffinancialdifficulty.

2013年山东科技大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解I.Directions:Translatethefollowingwords,abbreviations，terminologyorsentencesintotheirtargetlanguagerespectively.Therearealtogether20itemswithonepointforeach,and5sentenceswith2pointsforeachinthispartofthetest.(30points)1.ICT【答案】信息和通信技术(InformationandCommunicationTechnology)2.IPR【答案】知识产权(IntellectualPropertyRights)3.ISO【答案】国际标准化组织(InternationalStandardizationOrganization)4.NCA【答案】全国通信协会(NationalCommunicationsAssociation)

5.NDRC【答案】国家发展和改革委员会(NationalDevelopmentandReformCommission)6.NPC【答案】全国人民代表大会(NationalPeople’sCongress)7.LAD【答案】语言习得机制(LanguageAcquisitionDevice)8.SLA【答案】航天器-登月舱适配器(SpacecraftLunar-moduleAdapter)9.CIF【答案】到岸价(CostInsuranceandFreight)10.CBD【答案】中央商务区(CentralBusinessDistrict)

11.邮政特快专递【答案】ExpressMailService(EMS)12.联邦调查局【答案】FederalBureauofInvestigation(FBI)13.全球定位系统【答案】GlobalPositioningSystem(GPS)14.东南亚国家联盟【答案】AssociationofSoutheastAsianNations(ASEAN)15.生物多样性公约【答案】ConventiononBiologicalDiversity16.气象卫星防卫计划【答案】DefenseMeteorologicalSatelliteProgram(DMSP)

17.环境影响评价【答案】EnvironmentalImpactAssessment(EIA)18.欧洲联盟【答案】EuropeanUnion(EU)19.国际足球联盟【答案】FédérationInternationaledeFootballAssociation(FIFA)20.全球环境基金【答案】GEF(GlobalEnvironmentFacility)21.发展是硬道理。【答案】Developmentistheprimaryprinciple.22.没有最好，只有更好。【答案】Thereisnobestbutbetter.

23.Personaltragedyhauntedhisentirelife,inthedeathsoflovedones.【答案】亲人的相继离世使他的一生充满了个人悲剧。24.Consumerslookforthebestvaluesforwhattheyspendwhileproducersseekthebestpriceandprofitforwhattheyhavetosell.【答案】消费者购物，总想尽量物有所值；生产者销售，总想以最合理的价格获取最高的利润。25.Beingignorantoflawsandafraidofbeingexposedtothepublic,theyresortedtosettingthematteroutofcourt.【答案】出于对法律的无知以及害怕公之于众，他们把这件事给私了了。Ⅱ.Directions:Translatethefollowingthreesourcetextsintotheirtargetlanguagerespectively.IfthesourcetextisinEnglish,itstargetlanguageisChinese.IfthesourcetextisinChinese,itstargetlanguageisEnglish.(120points)SourceText1(30points):节日同世界其他地区一样，节日在中国是人们勤于烹调、饱享口福的时候。

菜市场鱼肉满架，购物和烹调成了人们的主要活动。但是除了节庆膳食在数量和质量上与平日不同之外，一些历史悠久、具有象征意义的特色食物也是节日必不可缺的伴侣。例如，农历五月五日的端午节是为了纪念被昏庸君主贬官放逐而抱石投江自尽的古代诗人和忠臣屈原。最初人们将以竹叶包扎好的糯米粽子投入屈原自尽的那条江，以祭祀亡灵。今天，人们在端午时节举行龙舟比赛，而粽子则由活生生的人来享用。农历八月十五日的中秋节是观赏满月的日子。圆圆的月亮象征着圆满，进而象征着家庭团聚。中秋节的特制食品是一种圆形的月饼，内含核桃仁、蜜饯、豆沙或蛋黄等食物。春节是中国的农历新年，春节的日期按农历而定，通常出现在公历2月前半期的某一天。大吃大喝历来是春节的主要内容。除了常见的海鲜、家禽和肉类之外，人们还要按各自的地方习俗烹制一些传统菜肴，例如北京的饺子、上海的八宝饭和广州的米羹。全国各地都可以见到形态各异、口味不一的年糕。年糕这个词里的“糕”字与“高”谐音，寓意来年“节节高”。【参考译文】Likeintherestoftheworld,holidaysinchinaareatimetoenjoygoodcookingandeating,Grocerymarketsarewellstockedwithallkindsoffishandmeatandshoppingandcookingbecomemajoractivities.Butinadditiontothequantitativeandqualitativedifferencesapparentinholidaymeals,somespecialtraditionalfoodswiththeirsymbolicsignificanceareindispensableontheseoccasions.TheDragonBoatFestivalonthe5thdayofthe5thlunarmonth(aroundearlyJune)iscelebratedinmemoryofQuYuan,anancientpoetandloyalministerwhodrownedhimselfwhileinexilefromacorruptcourt.Zongzi,akindofglutinousricedumplingwrappedinreedleaves,wereoriginallypreparedassacrificialofferingsforQuYuan’s

departedsoulanddroppedintotheriverwherehedrownedhimself.Today,however,dragonboatracesareheldduringthefestivalandthezongziareconsumedbytheliving.TheMid-autumnfestivalwhichoccursonthe15thdayofthe8thlunarmonth(aroundmid-September)isanoccasionforviewingthefullmoon.Theroundmoonisasymbolforcompleteness,andbyextension,familyreunion.Thespecialtyofthedayistheyuebing(mooncake),aroundpastryfilledwithnuts,candiedpreservedfruits,beanpaste,duckeggyolks,etc.TheSpringFestivalisthemostimportanttraditionalChinesefestival.TheSpringFestivaliscelebratedaccordingtothelunarcalendar,andgenerallyoccurssometimeinthefirsthalfofFebruary.Customarily,lavishlyconsumingfoodanddrinkisamajoractivityduringtheSpringFestival.Inadditiontothepopularseafood,poultryandmeat,regionalcustomdictatesthattraditionalfavoritesshouldbepreparedandconsumed,forexample,jiaozi(boileddumplings)inBeijing,babaofan(asteamedsweetglutinousricepudding)inShanghai,andthesoupofsmallrice-balls(cookedwithporkandchicken)inGuangzhou.ThroughoutChina,niangao(literallymeaningthe“yearcake”,athickseamedpuddingofglutinousriceflour)ismadeinagreatvarietyofshapesandflavors.Thecharacter“gao”inthewordniangaoishomonymouswiththeword“high”,suggesting“growingupandprospering”inthenewyear.SourceText2(30points):AnInnerCriticAphysicianstartsplayingaharshmentaltapeinherheadeverytimeanewpatientcalls:WhatifImakethewrongdiagnosis?I’materribledoctor.How

didIgetintomedicalschool?Anexecutiveloseshisjobdespite25productiveyears,hetellshimself:I’maloser.Ican’tprovideformyfamily,andI’llneverbeabletodoitagain.Ifthesereal-lifeexamplessoundfamiliar,youmayhaveacausticcommentaryrunninginyourhead,too.PsychologistssaymanyoftheirpatientsareplaguedbyaharshInnerCritic—includingsomeextremelysuccessfulpeoplewhothinkit’sthesecrettotheirsuccess.AnInnerCriticcanindeedroustyououtofbedinthemorning,getyouonthetreadmillandspuryoutofinishthatbookorsymphonyorinvention.Butthedesiretoachievecangethijackedbyharshjudgmentandunrelentingfear.Unrelentingself-criticismoftengoeshandinhandwithanxiety,anditmayevenpredictdepression.Self-criticismisalsoafactorineatingdisorders,andbodydisorder—thatis,preoccupationwithone’sperceivedphysicalflaws.Manypeople’sInnerCriticmakesanappearanceearlyinlifeandissuchaconstantcompanionthatit’spartoftheirpersonality.Psychologistssaythatchildren,particularlythosewithageneticpredispositiontodepression,mayinternalizeandexaggeratetheexpectationsofparentsorpeersorsociety.Onetheoryisthatself-criticismisangerturnedinward,whensufferersarefilledwithhostilitybuttooafraidandinsecuretoletitout.Othertheoriesholdthatpeoplewhoscoldthemselvesareactingoutguiltorshameorsubconsciouslyshieldingthemselvesagainstcriticismfromothers:Youcan’ttellmeanythingIdon’talreadytellmyself,eveninharsherterms.Techniquesfromcognitivebehavioraltherapycanbehelpfulinchangingpatternsofthoughtthathavebecomepainful.Therearemanypatients,suchasdoctors,lawyers—whobelievedthatiftheydidn’tflogthemselves,they

wouldn’tbesuccessful.Andpartofpsychologists’workistobreakthroughthatbeliefbytellingthepatientsthattheyusuallysucceedinspiteoftheirInnerCritics,notbecauseofthem.【参考译文】一位内科医生每次给新病人看病时脑子里就会响起一个刺耳的声音：我要是诊断错了该怎么办？我是个蹩脚的医生。当初我是怎么混进医学院的？一位高管失业了，虽然此前有过25年的辉煌职业生涯，他还是不断地告诉自己：我是个失败者。我没法赡养家人，以后也都不能够了。如果这些真实的事例对你来说感觉非常地熟悉，那么你的头脑里可能也有那么一个严厉的声音在回荡。心理学家称，很多病人都备受苛刻的自我怀疑的折磨——包括一些非常成功的人士，他们认为这正是自己成功的秘诀。自我怀疑的确能在清晨把你从床上唤起，敦促你快马加鞭地干活，尽快去完成手头那本书、那支曲子或是那项发明。不过对于成功的渴求也许会为严苛的评判及无休止的恐惧所阻挠。无休止的自我怀疑通常会带来沮丧和焦虑，甚至会导致抑郁症。自我批评也是导致进食失调、自残、躯体变形障碍症——即想象自己的身体有缺陷——的因素。很多人在幼年时期便有了自我批评的倾向，之后这个声音便常伴他们左右，成了他们性格的一个部分。心理学家称，儿童，尤其是那些有抑郁倾向遗传的儿童，可能会自己承担并夸大父母、同辈或社会对自己的期望。有一个理论认为，自我批评其实就是冲自身发泄怒气，这类人内心充满了敌对情绪，但是太过忧虑、太没有安全感，不敢把这种情绪发泄出来。其他一些理论则认为，那些责备自己的人是在表达自己的负罪感或羞辱感，或者是下意识里保护自己免遭他人的责备：你不能再来责备我了，我自

己已经责备过自己了，用的词比你还要严厉呢。各种认知行为疗法还有助于改变给人带来痛苦的思维模式。经常有一些医生、律师类的病人，他们相信如果他们对自己没有那么苛刻，就不会有现在的成功。心理医生的部分工作内容就是打破那种成见并告诉他们通常来说人的成功跟自责无关，他们并不是因为自责而成功的。SourceText3(60points):TheLinguisticSystemThereareasmanyasthreethousandlanguageswhicharespokentoday.Theselanguagesareverydifferentfromeachother.Indeed,itisprimarilythefactthattheyaresodifferentastobemutuallyunintelligiblethatallowsustocallthemseparatelanguages.Aspeakerofoneofthem,nomatterhowskillfulandfluent,cannotcommunicatewithaspeakerofanotherunlessoneofthem,aswesay,“learnstheother’slanguage.”Yetthesedifferences,greatastheyare,aredifferencesofdetail—ofthekindsofsoundsusedandthewaysofputtingthemtogether.Intheirbroadoutlines,intheirbasicprinciples,andeveninthewaytheyapproachcertainspecificproblemsofcommunication,languageshaveagreatdealincommon.Weareallintimatelyfamiliarwithatleastonelanguage,yetfewofuseverstoptoconsiderwhatweknowaboutit.Thewordsofalanguagecanbelistedinadictionary,butnotallthesentences,andalanguageconsistsofthesesentencesaswellaswords.Speakersuseafinitesetofrulestoproduceandunderstandaninfinitesetofsentences.Theserulescomprisethegrammarofalanguage,whichislearnedwhenyouacquirethelanguage.The

grammarofalanguageincludesthesoundsystem,howwordsmaybecombinedintophrasesandsentences,andthewayinwhichsoundsandmeaningsarerelated.Thesoundsandmeaningofwordsarerelatedinanarbitraryfashion.Thatis,ifyouhadneverheardtheword“grammar”,youwouldnot,byitssounds,knowwhatitmeant.Language,then,isasystemthatrelatessoundswithmeanings,andwhenyouknowalanguage,youknowthissystem.Thislinguisticknowledge,orlinguisticcompetence,isdifferentfromlinguisticbehavior,knownaslinguisticperformance.Ifyouwokeuponemorninganddecidedtostoptalking,youwouldstillhavetheknowledgeofyourlanguage.Ifyoudonotknowthelanguage,youcannotspeakit;butifyouknowthelanguage,youmaychoosenottospeak.Languageisatoolofcommunication.Butiflanguageisdefinedmerelyasasystemofcommunication,thenlanguageisnotuniquetohumans.Weknowbirds,bees,crabs,spiders,whales,andmostothercreaturescommunicateinsomeway.However,therearecertaincharacteristicsofhumanlanguagenotfoundinthecommunicationsystemsofanyotherspecies.Abasicpropertyofhumanlanguageisitscreativeaspect—aspeaker’sabilitytocombinethebasiclinguisticunitstoformaninfinitesetof“well-formed”,orgrammatical,sentences,mostofwhicharenovel,neverbeforeproducedorheard.Thegrammarofhumanlanguagecangenerateinfinitemessages,apropertyuniquetothehumanspecies.【参考译文】今天人们使用的语言多达三千种。这些语言各不相同。一个基本的事实是：这些语言迥然不同，无法相互交流，所以我们把它们称为独立的语言。说其中一门语言的人，无论其熟练程度和流利程度有多高，都无法

同说另一门语言者交谈，除非他们中间有一人如同我们所说的那样“学会了另一人所说的语言”。但语言之间的差异，尽管相差甚远，却都是细节上的差异，如语音类别及语音组合方式的不同。从语言的概貌、基本原则及对一些具体的交际问题的处理方法来看，语言有着诸多的共同点。我们每人至少通晓一门语言，但几乎没有人会扪心自问，我们对这门语言到底有多少了解？语言包括词汇，也包括句子，语言的词汇可以在词典中列出，但并非所有的句子都能收到词典里。说话者可以运用一组数量有限的规则来表达和理解数量无限的句子。这些规则组成了语言的语法体系，你在习得语言的同时学到了语法。语法包括语音系统，包括词汇是如何组成短语和句子的，还包括语音和语义如何对应起来等问题。词音与词义的联系是任意划定的。这就是说，倘若你从未听到过“语法”这个词，你便无法从这个词的发音上知晓它的词义。因此，语言是一种将语音与语义联系在一起的体系。当你会讲某种语言时，你便有了这个体系的知识。这种语言知识，或者叫做语言能力，有别于语言行为，或者叫做语言操作。某天早晨你醒来后决定不说话了，而你仍然具有所操语言的知识。如果你没有这种语言知识，你便不会说这种语言。但是如果你有这种语言知识，你可以选择不说这种语言。语言是交际的工具。但是如果语言的定义仅仅是一种交际系统，那么语言便不是人类的专有品。我们知道，大部分生物如鸟、蜜蜂、蟹、蜘蛛、鲸等，都有某种交际方式。然而，人类语言的某些特征却是任何其他物种的交际系统所不具备的。人类语言的一个基本属性是创造性，即说话者的语言创造能力，也就是说，说话者能够将语言的基本单位组合起来，生成无限多的符合语法规则的句子，而大部分生成的句子却是说话者自己从未说过或从未听到过的新句子。人类语言的语法系统可以生

成无限多的语言信息，这就是人类所特有的物种属性。

2014年山东科技大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解I.Directions:Translatethefollowingphrasesandsentencesintotheirtargetlanguagerespectively.Therearealtogether20phraseswithonepointforeach,and5sentenceswith2pointsforeachinthispartofthetest.(30points)1.lightheart【答案】轻松愉快的心情2.milkthebull【答案】缘木求鱼；作徒劳无益的事3.killtime【答案】消磨时间4.thedecimalsystemofcounting【答案】十进制计算法

5.fulfillourplanaheadofschedule【答案】提前完成我们的计划6.fillsomeonewithlonging【答案】某人充满期待7.governmentaid【答案】国家援助8.aspringineverystep【答案】每一双脚步都充满着生机9.agiantofaman【答案】巨人10.thepurchasingpower【答案】购买力

11.柳色青青【答案】greenwillows12.风姿翩翩【答案】bedapperinappearance13.拉住我的胳膊【答案】takemyarm14.敌人的增援部队【答案】theenemyreinforcements15.人才外流【答案】braindrain16.衣食住行【答案】basicnecessities17.善与恶

【答案】goodandevil18.工艺精湛【答案】exquisiteworkmanship19.经贸领域【答案】fieldsofeconomyandtrade20.国际经济新秩序【答案】newinternationaleconomicorder21.Theyworkedoutanewmethodbywhichproductionhasnowbeenrapidlyincreased.【答案】他们制定了一种新方法，采用之后产量已经迅速得到提高。22.IbelievestronglythatitisintheinterestsofmycountrymenthatBritainshouldremainanactiveandenergeticmemberoftheEuropeanCommunity.【答案】英国应该继续成为欧盟中积极而充满活力的一员，这是符合我国人民利益的，对此我深信不疑。

23.Aluminumremainedunknownuntilthenineteenthcentury,becausenowhereinnatureisitfoundfree,owingtoitsalwaysbeingcombinedwithotherelements.【答案】铝总是跟其他元素结合在一起，由于这个原因，在自然界找不到游离状态的铝。所以，铝直到19世纪才被人发现。24.中国是世界上最早的文明古国之一，对人类文化的发展，曾做出了不可磨灭的贡献。【答案】Withherincrediblecontributionstotheculturaldevelopmentofmankind,Chinaisoneoftheearliestcivilizedcountriesintheworld.25.这家工厂大搞技术革新，充分利用当地资源，生产出大量的、多种多样的药品。【答案】Goinginfortechnologicalinnovationandmakingfulluseoflocalresources,thisfactorynowturnsoutawiderangeofmedicinesingreatquantities.II.Directions:Translatethefollowingthreesourcetextsintotheirtargetlanguagerespectively.IfthesourcetextisinEnglish,itstargetlanguageisChinese.IfthesourcetextisinChinese,itstargetlanguageisEnglish.(120points)

SourceText1(20points):黄鹤楼雄踞长江之滨，蛇山之首，背倚万户林立的武昌城，面临汹涌浩荡的扬子江，相对古雅清俊晴川阁。登上黄鹤楼，武汉三镇的旖旎风光历历在目，辽阔神州的锦绣山河也遥遥相望。独特的地理位置，以及前人流传的至今的诗词、文赋、楹联、匾额、摩岩石刻和民间故事，使黄鹤楼成为山川与人文景观相互倚重的文化名楼，与湖南岳阳楼、江西滕王阁并称为“江南三大名楼”，素来享有“天下绝景”和“天下江山第一楼”的美誉。【参考译文】LocatedonthetopofSnakeHill,theYellowCraneTowerstandsagainstWuchang,facesthevastYangtzeRiverandtheelegantQingchuanPavilion.Afteryouascendthetower,thecharmingsceneryofthethreetownsofWuhanisvividlyseenandthevastexpanseofthebeautifulmountainsandriversarealsoinsight.Thankstoitsuniquegeologicallocation,andthepoems,prose,couplets,stonescriptsandfolkstories,theYello