2020高三英语卷长宁金山一模

高三英语试卷2/22019-2020学年度第一学期期末质量监控试卷高三英语（长宁区）（满分140分，完卷时间120分钟）2019.12考生注意:1.考试时间120分钟,试卷满分140分。2.本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。所有答题必须涂(选择题)或写(非选择题)在答题纸上,做在试卷上一律不得分。3.务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名,并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上。I.ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.A.Inagarage.B.Intheclinic.C.AttheairportD.Atarestaurant2.AConfident.B.ConfusedC.WorriedD.Funny3.A.Paythefee.B.fillintheform.C.FindaphotographD.Provecitizenship4.ANobodythinksJackdisappointing.B.SheholdsdifferentopinionswithJackC.Fewerpeopleenjoythisbasketballseason.D.Shecaresaboutotherpeople’scomments.5.A.HedoesnotlikeChicagoB.HewishestovisitChicago.C.HehasnoideaaboutChicagoatall.D.HethinksChicagonotworthseeing.6.A.Houseagentandrenter.B.Policemananddriver.C.Shopassistantandcustomer.D.Housewifeandcleaner.7.A.Shehascancelledthemeeting.B.Themeetinghasbeenannouncedtoday.C.Shewillcallameetingtoday.D.Themeetingwillnotbeheldtomorrow.8.A.Itisridiculousforchildrentostudyabroad.B.ItisuptoFranktodecidehisschooling.C.Itissafertofollowthepopulartrendfirst.D.ItiswellworthsendingFrankaboard.9.A.Sheismadattheman’signorance.B.Sheishappywiththeman’sconcentration.C.Shedidn’tnoticetheman’sappearance.D.Shedidn’twanttoanswertheman’squestion.10.A.Heisinurgentneedofatalk.B.Heisfullyoccupiedrightnow.C.Herunsaladinthemiddleofthecity.D.Heconsideredtheexperimentneedless.SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation,andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachofthepassagesandtheconversation.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.11.A.TostatethedifficultiestheteammembersmayfacewithB.TofindsupportfromparentsforscholarshipcontributionC.ToattractpotentialplayersfromsomeothersportsD.Toraisefundsforaswimmingcompetition12.A.ThecommitteeofaswimclubB.Reportersforaswimmingcompetition.C.TheboardofswimcoachesD.Candidatesforaswimmingteam13.A.ItislessfinanciallyrewardingB.Itoffersamorepromisingacademicfuture.C.ItislessphysicallydemandingD.Itprovidesamoreflexibletrainingschedule.Questions14through17arebasedonthefollowingpassage.14.A.Bymendingphotographictools.B.BymonitoringrareanimalsC.Bycomparingavailableimages.D.Bydrawingaccuratetracks15.A.ThecommentsB.Thephonenumbers.C.ThefullnamesD.Theinstructions16.A.Don'tleaveanyfootprints. B.Gowithsomelocalguides C.Don'tdisturbtheanimalsincage. D.Relaxinthenaturalenvironment.17.A.StoriesoftrackingendangeredanimalsB.Techniquesofwildanimaltracking C.Aprogramofprotectingendangeredanimals.D.AwildanimalprotectionorganizationQuestions18through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.18.A.Abouttwentypages.B.Withintwopages.C.Aslongasfivepages.D.Noshorterthantenpages.19.A.Theydon'ttellthetruth.B.Theymakespellingmistakes.C.Theydon'tknowthejobwellD.Theysendmanyresumesatatime.20.A.Practicingcomputerskillsfirst. BReadingasmanyadvertisementsaspossibleC.Tryingtobemorespecific. D.KnowingtheexpectationsofthepositionⅡ.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.AGratefulPatientItookajobasareceptionistforavet（兽医）almostfivedecadesago.Asanenthusiasticanimallover,Iacceptedthepositiononthecondition(21)_______Uwouldn’thavetoassistwithanywoundedanimals.Ididn’thavethecourage(22)_______(watch)anycreatureinpain.Attheendofmyfirstweek,wewereclosingtheofficefortheday(23)_______ayoungmanranuptousholdingaseverelyinjuredDobermanpuppy（杜宾幼犬）inhisarmsandbeggingustosavehislife.Thefour-month-oldpuppyhadbeenhitbyacar.ThedoctorandIranbackintotheoperatingroom.Theonlyplace(24)_______theskinwasstillattachedtohispoorlittlebodywasaroundoneshoulder.Thevetworkedtirelesslyforwhatseemedlikehours,(25)_______(sew)himbacktogetheragain.Thatwastheeasypart.Thepuppyhadbrokenmultiplebones,includinghisback.(26)______________hesurvivedthenextfewdays,wewerequitesurehewouldneverwalkagain.Thedayforeverchangedmylife.Ibecamethevet’sassistantinallthingsmedical.OneofmyfirstjobswastogivethatDobermanpuppydailyphysicaltherapy.Weekswentbyuntilonedayhefinallyrecovered.Fast-forwardaboutayear.Iwalkedintotheclinic’s(27)_______(crowed)waitingroomandcalledthenameofthenextclient.Suddenly,ahugeDobermanrantowardme.Ifound(28)_______pinnedagainstthewallwiththismagnificentdogstandingonhisbacklegs,hisfrontpaws（爪子）onmyshoulders,washingmyfacewithplentifulandjoyfulkisses!Istilltearupinamazement(29)_______thedisplayofloveandgratitudethedoghadformethatdayallthoseyearsago.Iwentontobeavettechnicianfor14years,andsinceretirement,Ihavevolunteeredatano-killanimalshelter.InallthetimethathaspassedandalltheexperiencesIhavehad,I’venevermetadogwhodidn’tknowthatit(30)_______(rescue)inonewayoranother.SectionBDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.achievementB.capturedC.championedD.convenientlyE.distractF.executiveG.manageableH.memorableI.publicizingJ.reluctantlyK.revealMarketingtheMoonAnastronaut,alittlehopandawittyquote:NeilArmstrong’sfirstlunar（月球的）footstepisdeep-rootedinthemindsofallhumankind.Butthatfirstmoonlandingmightnothavebeensucha(n)__31__momentifitweren’tforNASA’scleverPR(PublicRelations)team.RichardJurekisamarketing__32__andco-authorofthebookmarketingtheMoon:TheSellingoftheApolloLunarProgram.HesaysNASA’smovetoreal-time,opencommunicationmadethe1969Apollo11landing“thefirstpositiveviraleventthat__33__theworld’sattention.”BeforeNASAwasestablishedin1958,rocketswerethemilitary’sterritory;thatsecretivenesscarriedoverintothespaceagency’searlydays.Atfirst,NASAfolloweda“fireinthetail”rule,only___34___arocket’slaunchwhenitwassuccessfullyintheair.Butastheagencyevolved,itstartedannouncingmoredetailsabouttheApolloprogram.It___35___itsastronauts,talkedopenlyaboutmissiongoalsandchallenges,andsharedlaunchtimessopeoplecouldwatch.“Ifithadbeenrunlikeitwasunderthemilitary,”Jureksays,“wewouldnothavehadthatsenseofdrama,thatsenseofinvolvement,thatsenseofwonder,that___36___.”Instead,allthePRandpresspromotionintheyearsaheadofApollo11broughtthehumanspaceflightprogramintopeople’slivingroomsandimaginations.Asthedramaneareditspeak,NASA’sPRofficialspushedforliveTVbroadcastsofthefirsthumanstowalkonthemoon.Noteveryonethoughtitwasagoodidea.Thetechnologyforlivelunarbroadcasts,andcamerassmallenoughtokeepthecargo___37___,didn’texistatthepoint.Someengineersworriedthatdevelopingthatequipmentwould___38___fromeffortstoachievethelandingitself.ButNASA’scommunicationsteamarguedthattellingthestorywasasvitalasthe___39___itself.LiveTVwouldbringtheAmericanpeople--andinternationalviewers--alongfortheride.Comelandingday,which___40___fellonaSunday,morethanhalfabillionpeopleworldwidecrowdedaroundTVsandradiosforthehistoricmoment.“Wewereabletocometogetheranddosomethingthatwasexcitingandinterestingandbroughttheworldtogether,”saysDavidMeer-manScott,marketingstrategistandco-authorofMarketingtheMoon.“Idon’tknowthatwe’vedoneanythinglikethatsince.”Ⅲ.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Ancientcreatureslikelyevolvedthestressresponsetobetterescapefromhunters.Buttodayitscausesincludetraffic,deadlinesandfirstdates.Accordingtoa2018AmericanPsychologicalAssociationsurveyofmorethan3,000people,thetop___41___arework,money,theeconomyandhealth.Althougheveryonefacesstress,peoplereacttoit___42___.“There’sthesituation,howwe___43___thesituation,andthenourskillsathandlingthesituation,”sayspsychologistWilliamLovallooftheUniversityofOklahoma.____44____experienceshelpusassessappropriateresponses,somostpeopleimprovewithage.“Ahighschoolstudentoracollegestudentmightnothavethose___45___skillsandmightletasituationgetoutofhand,”headds.Most___46___havenormalstressresponses,regulatedtogivetherightburstofhormones（激素）andbodilychangesforaparticularstressor.Butothersalwaysover-orunder-react,whichmaybeawarningsignforphysicalormental___47___.Tostudythis,scientistsoftenmonitorcortisol（皮质醇）orheartratevariationsthroughoutthedayandduringtryingtasks.____48___,theintensityoftheseresponsesseemstobesetfromayoungage.Studieshaveshownthatpeoplewhoexperiencedchildhoodhardships--includingphysicalpunishmentanda(n)___49___home--aremorelikelytohavequietstressreactionsasadults.Forexample,aspartofastudypublishedin2012,Lovalloexposed354participantstomoderatestress.Peoplewhoself-reportedearly-life___50___actuallyhadlowerheartratesandcortisollevelsthanotherparticipants.Whilethestudytaskswerenotimportant,theindividuals’under-reactionssuggesttheirstressresponsemayalsohavetrouble___51___whenitreallymatters.Itcanbejustas___52___asanextremeresponse.Otherresearchhasfoundlinksbetweenchildhoodconflict,abnormallylowadultstressandsubstancemisuse.Thoughthebiologyisnotfullyunderstood,it’ssuggestedthatearly-lifeneglectorsuffering___53___thebody’sstresspathways.Evenbeforebirth,achildcan___54___parentalstress.Thephenomenoniswell-demonstratedinratsandmice,andsomepapershaveshownthesameassociation___55___.Forexample,babiesborntomotherswhosurvivedthe9/11attacksallhadhowcortisollevels.41.A.stressorsB.responsesC.secretesD.concerns42.A.appropriatelyB.differentlyC.normallyD.mentally43.A.improveB.influenceC.describeD.evaluate44.A.ValuableB.ProfessionalC.PreviousD.Constant45.A.copingB.livingC.learningD.acting46.A.adultsB.researchersC.studentsD.monitors47.A.functionsB.disordersC.variationsD.abilities48.A.BythewayB.InsomecasesC.OnthecontraryD.Asaresult49.A.independentB.distinguishedC.unstableD.extended50.A.educationB.experienceC.involvementD.difficulty51.A.racingupB.showingupC.takingupD.keepingup52.A.impressiveB.insignificantC.positiveD.unhealthy53.A.smoothsB.followsC.dullsD.destroys54.A.endureB.relieveC.increaseD.inherit55.A.betweenanimalsB.inhumansC.withsocietyD.ofimportanceSectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassage.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)Iliveinasecond-floorflatwithanancienttreerightonthecornerofthehouse.Houseandtreehavebeenhere,sidebyside,forwelloveracentury.Noonereallyknowshowoldthetreeis,butitwasalreadytherewhenbuildersstartedonthehouseatthebeginningofthe1900s.Itwasstillratheryoungandflexiblebackthen,soiteasilywelcomedthenewstructureintoitspath.itbentandadjusteditselftomakeroom,andtofindthespacetogrowbigandstrongandwise.Whichmeansthatsomehundredyearslater,thesolid,strongbranchesofthetreereacharoundtwofullsidesofmyhome.It’scoveredinmass（苔藓）,whichis,inturn,crawlingwithallsortsofinseets.Ihaveneverseentheinsects,bytheway,Ijustknowthatthey’retherebecauseofallthebirdstryingtopickthemout.Theyarealwayshoppingaround,lookingforthisandthatandsingingsongs.IfeellikeIhavebecomepartoftheecosystem.WhenI’meatingbreakfastormakingdinnerinthekitchen,Icanlookoutandseeabirdhoppingaroundskillfully,gatheringitsownmealwhileItendtomine.WhenI’msittinginthelivingroom,readingordrinkingtea,Icansuddenlyfindmyselffacetofacewithanotherbird.We’llbestaringateachotherand,aftersometime,decidewecanbothcarryonwithourbusiness.Livingsidebyside.EvenasIwritethis--thelargewindowsopentoalovely,softevening--awhitefeathercomesfloatingdownbymyside.Probablyfromoneoftheresidentpigeons.AsIdon’thavetheluxuryofagarden,thistreemakesmefellconnectedtotheoutdoors.Suchanancienttree,atreethatisitselfhometomanyothercreatures--thatfeelsdifferent.Itisasifithasadoptedmeandmademeapartofitsworld,withouteveraskingforsomethinginreturn.Butifneedsbe,IknowthatitcancountonmeandIwillprotectitwithallmystrength.56.Theflatthatauthorlivesinis_________.A.builtinanancienttreeB.huggedbyagianttreeC.decoratedwithbranchesD.surroundedbyagarden57.Intheauthor’sdescription,sheimpliesthat_________.A.birdskeepherwarmcompanyB.shehasbeenlivingontreeproductsC.mossmakesherflatniceandcoolD.shehasbeenbotheredbytheinsects58.Whatdoestheauthorreallytreasure?A.Aclose-to-naturelife.B.Aluxuriousgarden.C.Aspacioushouse.D.Asociableneighbor.59.Whichofthefollowingcanbeusedtoexpresstheauthor’sfeeling?A.Jealous.B.Inferior.C.Content.D.Passionate.(B)TheSleepofYourDreamsAccordingtotheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention,athirdofusdon’tgetnearlyenoughshut-eye.Ourcollectivetirednesshaspromoteda$41billionmarketfordevicespromisingmore--andhigher-quality--sleep.Inmyeverlastingsearchfordowntime,Itestedsomeofthemostpromisingones.Here’showtheystackedup.Eightsleeptracker$299Thismattress（床垫）topperfitsunderasheetand“turnsanybedintoasmartbed,”accordingtoEight.WhileIslept,thesensor-decoratedpadgathereddatalikeheartrate,periodsofdeepestsleep,andnumberofturns.Itwaseasytouse,andIlikedthewarmingfeature,whichletmeseteachsideofthebedtoadifferenttemperature.REMScore:8(outof10)Dream-padpillow$149andupTheDream-padusessmoothsoundscapestohelpyoupowerdown.ConnectthedevicetoyourphoneviaBluetoothorUSB,andthepillowemitssoftmusic,audibleonlytoyouasyoulayyourheaddown.Therearetentracksonoffer.Ididn’tdriftoffanyfasterwiththeDream-pad,butitdidhelpmefallbackasleepwhenIwokeupatnight.REMScore:6SmartNoraWirelessSnoringSolution$299Myeight-hourrestfulhappinessisfrequentlyinterruptedbymyhusband’ssnoring.TheSmartNorarelievesmeoftheneedtopushhim.Whenthebedsideaudiosensordetectsabreathingdisturbance,itslowlyblowsuptheoffender’spillow,gentlyshiftingthemintoafreer-breathingposition.Myhusbandsometimeswokeupbrieflybutwassoonasleepagain.REMScore:8NightingaleSmartHomeSleepSystem$149TheNightingaleishi-tech.Twoapp-enabledunitswraptheroominablanketofwarmsound.Youcanalsoprogramthesystemtoprovideweatherandtrafficinformationwhenyouwakeup.Theonlydownside:instandbymode,itemitsafaintnoise.REMScore:9*REM:rapideyemovement(describesaperiodofsleepduringwhichyoudreamandyoureyesmakesmallmovements)60.By“howtheystackedup”inparagraph1,theauthorprobablymeans“howthey_________.”A.makesensetomanufacturersB.getstuckinstoresC.arecomparedwitheachotherD.arepileduptogether.61.Whichofthefollowingdevicesfavourablyreactstousers?A.Dream-padpillowB.EightsleeptrackerC.SmartNoraWirelessSnoringSolutionD.NightingaleSmartHomeSleepSystem62.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?A.TheEightkeepstheentirebedatthesametemperature.B.TheNightingaleisaneconomicalbutperfectdevice.C.Softmusicisappliedtoallthesefourdevices.D.Oneinthreepeoplesufferfromsleepproblem.(C)Anepidemicistheoccurrenceofadiseasewhichaffectsaverylargenumberofpeoplelivinginanareaandwhichspreadsquicklytootherpeople.Likeinfectiousdiseases,ideasintheacademicworldarespreadable.Butwaysometravelfarandwidewhileequallygoodonesremaininrelativeinsignificancehasbeenamystery.Nowateamofcomputerscientistshasusedanepidemiologicalmodeltoimitatehowideasmovefromoneacademicinstitutiontoanother.Themodelshowedthatideasoriginatingatfamousinstitutionscausedbigger“epidemics”thanequallygoodideasfromlesswell-knownplaces,explainsAllisonMorgan,acomputerscientistattheUniversityofColoradoBoulderandleadauthorofthenewstudy.“Thisimpliesthatwhereanideaisbornshapeshowfaritspreads,holdingthequalityoftheideaconstant.”saysseniorauthorAaronClauset,alsoatBoulder.Notonlyisthisunfair--“itrevealsabigweaknessinhowwe’redoingscience,”saysSimonDeDeo,aprofessorofsocialanddecisionsciencesatCarnegieMellonUniversity,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy.Therearemanyhighlytrainedpeoplewithgoodideaswhodonotendupattopinstitutions.“Theyareproducinggoodideas,andweknowthoseideasaregettinglost,”DeDeosays.“Ourscience,ourscholarship,isnotasgoodbecauseofthis.”TheColoradoresearchersanalyzedanexistingdatasetofcomputersciencedepartmenthiresinNorthAmerica,aswellasadatabaseofpublicationsbythesehires.Firsttheylookedathowfivebigideasincomputersciencespreadtonewinstitutions.Theyfoundthathiringanewmemberaccountedforthismovementalittlemorethanathirdofthetime--andin81percentofthosecases,transferstookplacefromhigher-tolower-statusuniversities.Thentheteamimitatedthebroadcastingofideasusinganinfectiousdiseasemodelandfoundthatthesizeofanidea“epidemic”(asmeasuredbythenumberofinstitutionsthatpublishedstudiesonanideaafteritoriginated)dependedonthestatusoftheoriginatinginstitution.ThefindingswerepublishedonlinelastOctoberinEPJDataScience.Theresearchers’modelsuggeststhatthere“maybeanumberofquitegoodideasthatoriginateinthemiddleofthepack,intermsofuniversities,”Clausetsays.DeDeoagrees.Thereisalotofgoodworkcomingoutoflessfamousplaces,hesays:“Youcanlearnahugeamountfromit,andyoucanlearnthingsthatotherpeopledon’tknowbecausethey’renotevenpayingattention.”63.Theword“this”inparagraph2referstothefactthat_________.A.thetimewhengoodideaswereborndecideshowfartheymayspread.B.thequalityoftheoriginalideastendstobenoteasytomaintain.C.goodideasfromlessimportantinstitutionslackinfluence.D.scholarsininsignificantinstitutionsconsidertheirideasvalueless.64.Thecaseofsomehiresinparagraph3isusedtoindicate_________.A.thestatisticstheepidemologicalmodelprovidesfortheresearchers.B.whytheoriginatinginstitutionstransfertheirnewfindings.C.howtheycarrytheideasfromlower-tohigher-statusinstitutions.D.thewaythemovementsofsomenewideashappenandtheireffects.65.ResearcherssuchasClausetareverymuchconcernedabout_________.A.losingquiteanumberofgreatandcreativethoughts.B.missingtheopportunitiesofgettingmorewell-known.C.misusingtheepidemiologicalmodelinscientificresearchareas.D.havingdifficultyinfindingmorepropersciencedepartmenthires.66.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.InfectiousDiseasesB.OriginalIdeasC.IdeaEpidemicD.EpidemiologicalModelSectionCDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.A.Sowetrytopushbackthetideandkeepupbymulti-tasking.B.Nowonderpeoplesaythey’retoobusytoseefriends,exerciseorsleep.C.Woulditsurpriseyoutohearthatwehavemoreleisuretimetodaythanever?D.Howcanwelearntospendtimeinawaythat’smorelikelytoleadtohappinessandsuccess?E.It’ssomethingthateconomisthavebeenpuzzlingoverandthey’veidentifiedseveralreasons.F.Thenyouwillhavefeweremptyexperiencesandfarorethatareworthyofyourprecioustime.TheFullnessofTimeMostofusthinkwehaveverylittletime,butthetruthisweactuallyhavealot-onaverage,fivehours49minuteseachday,whichmeanswetypicallyhavesomewherebetween36and40hoursavailabletobespenteveryweekhoweverwewant.Sowhydon’twefeeltime-rich?______67______Oneisthatweearnmore,sotimefeelsmoreexpensive.Thenthere’sthewaywe’vecometoseebusynessasastatussymbol:importantpeoplearebusy,sowewanttobebusy,too.Addtothatthefloodofincomingemailsandtexts,alongwiththeendlessoceanofpossibilities,andit’seasytoseewheretimegoes.Asecondfactoristhecomparisonwemakebetweenwhatwecandoandwhatothersaredoing,makingusanxious._____68______Thisfoolsusintothinkingwe’rebeingmoreproductivewithourworktime,sowetrytodoitwithourleisuretime,too.Whenwe’replayingwithoutkids,wecheckFacebook.Whenwe’rehangingoutwithonegroupoffriends,wepostpicturestoshowanother.Thisissomethingsociologistscall‘pollutedtime’.We’realsoaddictedtoourdevices.In2007,theamountofleisuretimewespentondeviceslikesmart-phonescouldbemeasuredinminutes.Now,wespendonaverage3.5hoursadayonline._____69_____Youmightbewonderingwhyyouneedhelpdecidinghowtospendyourfreetime--afterallyouknowthesortofthingsyouenjoy,sowhatcouldbesodifficult?PsychologistMihalyCsikszentmihalyihasasurprisingopiniononit.“Thepopularassumptionisthatnoskillsareinvolvedinenjoyingfreetime,anybodycandoit.Yettheevidencesuggeststheopposite;freetimeismoredifficulttoenjoythanwork.”Worryingly,scientistshavefoundthatpeopleareoftennohappierafteraholidaythanifthey’dnevertakenone._____70_____Thequestionstillremainsunsettled.Ⅳ.SummaryWritingDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.Cryptocurrency（加密货币）Makingpaymentsonlineisveryeasythesedaysifyouhaveacreditcardorabankcardthatusedapaymentnetwork.Sendingmoneyonlinetoafriend,youhavetouseapaymentservicelikeGooglePayorPayPal,ormakeabanktransfer.However,thereisusuallyasignificantdelaybeforethereceivercanusethemoney,andtransferscanhavesizeablefees.In2008,agroupofpeoplepublishedapaperdescribingaprocessthatwouldusecrypto-graph（密码学）tocreateasecureelectroniccashsystem,knownasacryptocurrency.Person-to-personpaymentscouldbemadeonlineusingasharednetworkofcomputersinsteadofabankorotherfinancialorganization.Eachtransactioncouldhappenveryquickly.Thesharednetworkofcomput