2025届新高考英语专题突破复习名词和名词短语

2025届新高考英语专题突破复习名词和名词短语(Noun&NounPhrase）语法填空会考查词类转化，根据习惯用法或固定短语确定名词，名词的单复数形式，名词做定语，名词所有格等。名词的考查：名词短语：指以一个名词为中心构成的短语，在句中的功能相当于名词。短语构成功能例子名词短语(Nounphrases)(限定词)+(形容词、形容词短语、描述性名词)+名词+(介词短语)在句中当作名词用，一般用作主语、宾语、表语或宾语补足语abeautifulcampussomeschoolclubsabeautifulcampusofmyschool1.Thefirstweekwasalittleconfusing.

第一周有点困惑。2.Thekidsoverthere

areputingsomethingon

aroundpaperplate.

那边的孩子们正把东西放在一个圆形的盘上。3.ThenewcoachtoldmethatIdidn’tplaywellenough.新教练告诉我我踢得不够好。4.MyfirstFrenchclasswasveryconfusing.

Theteacherspokesofast.

我的第一堂法语课令人困惑的。老师讲得太快。5.Thechairmanaskedmetoexpressour

appreciationofallyourhardwork.

主席要我对你们的辛勤工作表示感谢.名词短语的构成：(限定词)+(形容词、形容词短语、描述性名词)+名词+(介词短语)I.单句语法填空:1.(2023新高考II卷)

SinceJune2017,rightbeforethe_______(arrive)ofthetwonewpandas,MengMengandJiaoQing,IhavebeenhelpingthepandakeepersatthezootofeelmorecomfortableandconfidentspeakingEnglish.arrival

从2017年6月开始，就在两只新大熊猫“萌萌”和“娇青”到来之前，我一直在帮助动物园的熊猫饲养员更舒服、更自信地说英语。approve→approval赞成

arrive→arrival到达bury→burial/ˈberiəl/葬礼propose→proposal提议；建议refuse→refusal/rɪˈfjuːzl/拒绝remove→removal

/rɪˈmuːvl/

移动sign→signal信号

survive→survival生存；幸存2.(2022全国甲卷)CaoandWualsocollected

garbagealongtheroad，inordertopromote

environmental__________（protect).Cao

believesthiswillmakethehikingtripeven

moremeaningful.3.(2022浙江卷)ForLucthismeans__________

(independent).“Thefeelingofbeingableto

seeit

and

formmyopinionislikebreaking

downanotherwallasablindperson.”protectionindependence曹和吴还沿路收集垃圾，以促进环境保护。曹认为这将使这次徒步旅行更加有意义。对卢克来说，这意味着独立“能够看到它的感觉，并形成我的看法，就像一个盲人打破了另一堵墙。”4.(2021全国卷乙)Itisdifferentfromtraditional

tourismbecauseitallowsthetravelerto

becomeeducatedabouttheareas-bothin

termsofgeographicalconditionsandcultural

characteristics,

andoftenprovidesmoneyfor

conservationandbenefitsthe___________

(develop)ofthelocalareas.6.(2020全国卷III)Filledwith________(curious),

theartistpackedhisbagsandleft.developmentcuriosity这不同于传统的旅游，因为它能让旅行者了解这个地区—无论是地理环境还是文化特色，并且经常为环境保护提供资金，并有利于当地的发展。艺术家满怀好奇，收拾好他的行李出发了。6.(2020新高考卷1)Historical_______(accurate)isimportantbutsoisentertainment.

7.(2018全国卷II)Thisswitchhasdecreased

_________(pollute)inthecountry's

majorlakesandreservoirsandmade

drinkingwatersaferforpeople.accuracypollution历史的准确性很重要，但娱乐也很重要。这个转变已经减少了在国家的主要湖泊和水库的污染，从而使饮用水对人们更安全。考点1.考查不可数名词：高考中常考的不可数名词有：advice(建议),accuracy(准确性),arrival(到达，抵达),

baggage/luggage(行李),cash(现金),change(零钱),courage(勇气),curiosity(好奇心),development(发展),equipment(装备),freedom(自由),fun(玩乐),furniture(家具),health(健康),wealth(财富),homework(家庭作业),housework(家务),independence(独立)，information(信息),joy(高兴),jewellery(珠宝),knowledge(知识)luck(运气),money(金钱),patience(耐心)，progress(进步),permission(允许),pressure(压力),pollution(污染),protection(保护),scenery(风景),traffic(交通),trouble(麻烦),word(=news)消息,work(工作),weather(天气),air(空气),bread(面包),coffee(咖啡),ink(墨水),meat(肉),paper(纸),milk(牛奶),orange(橘汁)tea(茶),water(水)。8.(2023全国甲卷II)However,Carson’sthemeisamoreweighty___________(warn)aboutenvironmentaldestruction.Carsonprovesthatasimpleliteralformthathasbeenpasseddownthroughtheagescanstillbeemployedtodaytodrawattentiontoimportanttruths.warning然而，卡森的主题是对环境破坏的更严重警告。卡森证明了一种简单的抒情形式，已经代代相传，今天仍然可以用来吸引人们对重要真理的关注。9.(2022全国乙卷)Asamainpromoterofthe

InternationalTeaDay，thebirthplaceoftea

andthelargesttea﹣producingcountry，

Chinahasa

(responsible)to

workwithothercountriestopromotethe

healthydevelopmentoftheteaindustry.10.(2022浙江卷)JohnOlson,aformer

_____________(photograph),andhisteam

renderpaintingsintofullytextured3-D

models，likethisversionofVincentvan

Gogh’s“PortraitofDr.Gachet.”responsibilityphotographer中国是茶的发源地和最大产茶国,作为国际茶日的主要推动者，中国有责任与其他国家共同促进茶产业的健康发展。约翰·奥尔森，一个摄影师，和他的团队把绘画渲染成全纹理的3D模型，比如文森特·梵高的“加歇医生的肖像”版本。11.(2020新高考卷II)Also,technologicalknow-

howhasbecomea_____________(require)

formostjobsinanincreasinglydigitalworld,

asthecomputerhasbecomeacommontool

inmost_____________(profession).12.(2020全国卷II)ChineseNewYearisa

___________(celebrate)markingtheend

ofthewinterseasonandthebeginningof

spring.requirementprofessionscelebration此外，在日益数字化的世界中，由于计算机已成为大多数职业的常用工具，技术知识已成为大多数工作的必备条件。中国新年是一个庆祝冬天结束和春天开始的庆祝活动。13.(2019全国卷I)InrecentyearssomeInuit

peopleinNunayut

/ˈnʊnəvʊt/

havereported

increasesinbearsightingsaroundhumansettlements,leadingtoa

______

(believe)thatpopulationsareincreasing.14.(2019全国卷III)Whentheywerefreefrom

work，theyinvitedustolocaleventsandlet

usknowofaninteresting

__________

(compete)towatch,togetherwiththestory

behindit.beliefcompetition近年来，努纳武特的一些因纽特人报告说，在人类居住区的周围看到北极熊的情况有所增加，这使人们认为其数量在增加。当他们没有工作的时候，他们邀请我们参加当地的活动，让我们知道一场有趣的比赛以及背后的故事。15.(2021新高考1)Acompany________________(represent)wrotebackandtoldmetheairline

wasswitchingoverfromplastictopapercups

onallofits1,200dailyflight.representative考点2.考查名词的单数形式：①__________________________;②____________________________；③_____________________+_______+单数可数名词；④_________+单数可数名词一位公司代表回信告诉我航空公司用纸杯代替塑料杯，每天1200次的飞行。a/an/the+单数可数名词a/an+名词(定语)+单数可数名词a/an/形容词性物主代词

形容词manya(my,your,his,her,its,our,your,their)16.(2022新高考1)TheGPNP'smaingoalistoimprove

connectivitybetweenseparate

_______________

(population)andhomesofgiantpandas，and

eventuallyachieveadesiredlevelofpopulationin

thewild.17.Thegroupaskedforcontributionsfromdifferent

______________(department)andraisedfunds

withintheinternationalcommunity.(U1B2From

problemstosolutions)18.Atthesametime,weallgothroughvarious

______

(period)whenwefeelsadoralone.19.Chinaisacompositeof

diverse

_________(tradition)

andpeople.populationsdepartmentsperiodstraditions考点3：名词前有形容词__________________________

等

+名词复数形式。separate,different,variousdiverse(不同的)GPNP的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系，最终达到理想的野生大熊猫数量水平。该组织向不同部门征集捐款和在国际社会内部募集资金中国是一个多种多样传统和人的综合体。20.(2023新高考卷II)Theyalsoneedtobereadytogive__________(interview)inEnglishwithinternationaljournalists.ThisiswhytheyneedanEnglishtrainer.21.(2023全国卷乙)Butforallitsancientbuildings,Beijingisalsoaplacewhichwelcomesthefast-paceddevelopmentofmodernlife,with21st-centuryarchitectural________(wonder)standingsidebysidewithhistoricalbuildingsofthepast.interviews他们还需要准备好用英语接受国际记者的采访。这就是他们需要英语培训师的原因。wonders但是，除了古建筑，北京也是一个欢迎现代生活快节奏发展的地方，21世纪的建筑奇迹与过去的历史建筑并存。22.(2023浙江1月)ThankstoBeijing'slonghistoryascapitalofChina,almosteveryhutonghasitsstories,andsomeareevenassociatedwithhistoric_______(event).events感谢北京作为中国首都的悠久的历史，同时每一条胡同都有自己的故事，甚至有-些还跟历史事件有关。23.(2021新高考卷I)Therollingseaofcloudsyou

seeonceyouareatthetopwillremindyou

howtinywe________(human)are.24.(2021·全国甲卷)Supposedlyyoucandoitin

twohours,butwestoppedatthedifferent

gatesand

____________(watchtower)to

fakepicturesorjusttowatchthelocal

peoplegoingabouttheirdailyroutines.25.(2021全国乙卷)___________(activity)

thererangefromwhalewatchingtohiking

(远足)andaccommodationsaimtohavealowimpactonthenaturalenvironment.humanswatchtowers据说你可以在两个小时内完成，但我们在不同的大门和了望台停下来拍照，或者只是看当地人进行他们的日常生活。Activities26.(2020浙江卷)Later,theylearnedtowork

withthe

_______(season),plantingatthe

righttimeand,indryareas,makinguseof

annualfloodstoirrigate(灌溉)theirfields.27.(2018全国卷I)Twooftheauthorsofthe

reviewalsomadeastudypublishedin2014

whichshowedamerefiveto10minutesa

dayofrunningreducedtheriskofheart

diseaseandearlydeathsfromall_____

(cause).seasonscauses后来，他们学会了因地制宜，在适当的时间播种，在干旱地区，利用每年的洪水来灌溉农田。文章作者中有两人在2014年还发表了一篇研究报告，指出每天只需跑步5到10分钟就可以减低因各种原因导致的心脏病和早逝的风险。28.(2017全国卷I)Thistrend,whichwas

startedbythemedicalcommunity(医学界)

asamethodoffightingheartdisease,has

hadsomeunintendedside______(effect)

suchasoverweightandheartdisease—the

verythingthemedicalcommunitywas

tryingtofight.29.(2017全国卷III)Shehasturneddown

several_________(invitation)tostarat

showsinordertoconcentrateonher

studies.effectsinvitations为了专心学习，她已经拒绝了几场走秀。

这个趋势由医学界发起作为一种对抗心脏病的方法，它有一些意想不到的副作用，比如超重和心脏病-医学界正在努力抗争的东西。

考点4.考查名词的复数形式：名词前有these,those

___,____,______,

____,other,few,

afew,many,alargenumberof,agreat/

goodmany,acoupleof,scoresof,dozens

of,aseaof,avarietyof,hundredsof,thousandof+____________。allsomeseveralmost可数名词复数形式考点5.名词前的修饰语：1.名词前有________________________;

Itisoneofthewonderful_________

(phenomenon)ofnature.2.名词前有大于2或等于2的基数词，如two,three

等时，填名词复数。3.abitof,(a)little(少),much,agreatdealof,

alargeamountof+不可数名词。4.名词前有some,many,any,plentyof,enough,alot

of,lotsof,anumberof,acoupleof,adozenof,

largequantityof,quantitiesof,amassof,masses

of等后既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词。5.表“在某人几十岁时”用_____________。

如：inhisseventies

Itwasinhis_____

(forty)thathereturned

homefromabroad.phenomenaoneofthe+(形容词)+可数名词复数inone’s+基数词的

复数形式forties考点6.规则可数名词复数形式的构成：1.一般名词在词尾加__.reason→__________(理由)advantage→___________(优点)painting→__________(画作)dream→___________(梦想)approach→___________bush→__________(灌木)branch→________(分支，树枝)brush→_______

class→_______glass→_______coach→_______match→______

watch→______switch__________(开关，改变)compass→_______wish→_____例外：stomach→___________(胃)2.以_,_,__,__结尾的名词，一般加___.reasonsadvantagespaintingsdreamsapproachesbushesbranchesbrushesclassesglassescoachesmatcheswatchesswitchescompasseswishesstomachs-ssxchsh-es3.以“辅音字母+__”结尾的名词，改___为___,再加____.accessory→_________(配饰，配件)activity→__________category→_________(类别，种类)gallery→________celebrity→__________(名人，名望)memory→_________ceremony→________charity→_________(慈善)company→

________dictionary→___________discovery→__________enemy→______________family→_________opportunity→___________yyi-esaccessoriesactivitiescategoriesgalleriescelebritiesmemoriesceremoniescharities

companiesdictionariesdiscoveriesenemiesfamiliesopportunities4.以f或-fe结

尾的名词，改_____为____,再加_____.life→_______knife→________half→______

leaf→______loaf→_______wife→______wolf→_______shelf→______thief→________

belief→___________(信仰)chief→__________(首领)roof→_________(屋顶)proof→________(证明，证据)gulf→______(海湾)safe→______(保险箱)5.以f结尾的名词也有直接加____.f,fevesliveskniveshalvesleavesloaveswiveswolvesshelves

thieves-sbeliefschiefsroofsproofsgulfssafes6.以o结尾的名词，一般加_____;photo→_______bamboo→______piano→_______video→_______kilo→________radio→_______studio→_______(演播室)zoo→________hero→_______(英雄)potato→__________(马铃薯)tomato→________(西红柿)echo→________(回声)7.有些以o结尾的名词,加____.8.有些以o结尾的名词,加___或____.zero→_____________(零)mosquito→________________(蚊子)motto→__________________(座右铭)volcano→__________________(火山)sphotosbamboospianosvideoskilosradiosstudioszoos

heroes-espotatoestomatoesechoes-s-eszeros/zeroesmosquitos/mosquitoesmottos/mottoesvolcanos/volcanoescattle→_______(牛)deer→________(鹿)sheep→_______(绵羊)works→_______(工厂)means→_______(方法)fish→__________(鱼)series→________(连续)species→________(类别)Chinese→______(中国人)Japanese→_____(日本人)2)特殊变化的名词复数形式：child→________(孩子)

foot→_____(脚)tooth→______(牙齿)goose→_______(鹅)man→______(男人)woman→_______(女人)mandoctor→________womanteacher→____