北京大学版博士生综合英语词汇教案unit

UnitFiveText:CrimeinCyberspaceIWordsandPhrases:1.cyberspace:alltheconnectionsbetweencomputersindifferentplaces,consideredasarealplacewhereinformation,messages,picturesetcexistStudentsarediscoveringtheendlessamountofinformationincyberspace.Ahostilenationhasattackedwiththesilentandinvisibleweaponsofcyberspace.Computerscanconstructandmanipulateareasandobjectsincyberspace,too,buttheydosomostlyunderhumanguidance.Exponentiallyreproducingpornographicimagesarepopulatingcyberspace.Somethingsimilarmayhappensooninthenewfrontierofcyberspace.cyber:n[singv]scienceofcommunicationandcontrol,espconcernedwithcomparinghumanandanimalbrainswithmachinesandelectronicdevices控制论（对信息传递和控制的研究,尤涉及人及动物大脑与机器及电子装置的差异）2.trite:adj(ofaphrase,anopinion,etc)notnewororiginal,becauseoftenused;hackneyed;commonplace（指词语/意见等）陈腐的,老一套的,平淡无奇的.Herremarkssoundedtriteandill-informed.Iknowitmightsoundlikeatriteremark,butmothersusuallyknowbest.Themovie'sdialogueistriteanduninspired.Iknowitsoundstrite,butyou'resoluckytohaveyourson.3.vulnerable:adj~tosth/sb1thatcanbehurt,woundedorinjured能受伤害的:Youngbirdsareveryvulnerabletopredators.幼小的鸟易受食肉动物伤害.|Cyclistsaremorevulnerablethanmotorists.骑自行车的人比开汽车的人容易受伤.|(fig比喻)Hiswife'sdeathlefthimfeelingvulnerableanddepressed.他妻子去世后他感到六神无主十分消沉.2(fig比喻)exposedtodangerorattack;unprotected暴露于危险面前的;易受攻击的;无防御的:vulnerabletoabuse,blackmail,criticism易受凌辱、敲诈、批评|avulnerablepointinNATO'sdefences北大西洋公约组织防御中的薄弱之处|Theelectiondefeatputsthepartyleaderinavulnerableposition.该党落选后其领导人的地位岌岌可危.Childrenaremostvulnerabletoabusewithintheirownhome.Groundfloorwindowsareparticularlyvulnerableandsecurelocksshouldbefitted.Thevirusleavessufferersvulnerabletoarangeofinfections.Wildanimalsareattheirmostvulnerablewhentheyareasleep.4.harness:v1~sthtosthputaharnesson(ahorse,etc);attach(ahorse,etc)byaharness给（马等）上挽具;套（马等）:harnessahorsetoawagon把马套到四轮马车上.2controlanduse(anaturalforce)toproduceelectricalpower,etc控制及利用（自然界的力量）以产生电能等:harnessariver,awaterfall,thesun'sraysasasourceofenergy利用河水、瀑布、太阳光作为能源.Wecanharnessthepowerofthewindtogenerateelectricity.TheMissouriRiverisharnessedforhydroelectricpower.5.transcend:v(fml)1[Tn]beorgobeyondtherangeof(humanexperience,belief,powersofdescription,etc)超出或超越（经验、信念、描写能力等）的范围:Suchmatterstranscendman'sknowledge.这些问题人类是无法了解的.2~sb/sth(insth)bemuchbetterorgreaterthansb/sth;surpass优于或胜过某人/某事物:Shefartranscendstheothersinbeautyandintelligence.她才貌出众.Thedesireforpeacetranscendedpoliticaldifferences.Thebeautyofhersongstranscendwordsandlanguage.transcendent:adj[通常作定语](文,褒)extremelygreat;supreme卓越的;至高无上的:awriteroftranscendentgenius杰出的天才作家.TheOlympicsareatranscendentevent.transcendental:adj[通常作定语]goingbeyondthelimitsofhumanknowledge,experienceorreason,espinamysticalorreligiousway超出人类知识、经验或理性的（尤指有神秘或宗教色彩的）;玄奥的;先验的:Gazingatthatmajesticpaintingwasformeanalmosttranscendentalexperience.我凝视着那幅气势磅磅礴的画,一种堪称超凡的感受油然而生.Cf参看empirical:adj(ofknowledge)basedonobservationorexperiment,notontheory（指知识）以观察或实验为根据的（非理论的）.6.furtherance:theactorprocessofhelpingsomethingprogressorbedoneStaffareencouragedtouseinformationresourcesinfurtheranceoftheirownprofessionalinterests.Whatstepswillyoutakeinfurtheranceofthatresolution?7.pornography:pornn[U](a)describingorshowingsexualactsinordertocausesexualexcitement色情描绘;色情表演.(b)books,films,etcthatdothis色情作品（书刊、影片等）:thetradeinpornography色情作品的交易.Itisnowclearthatthereisalinkbetweenpornographyandsexcrimes.8.encryption:encrypt:toprotectinformationbyputtingitintoaspecialcodethatonlysomepeoplecanread,especiallyinformationthatisonacomputerItsotherfunctionistotakeoveryourharddiscandencryptallthefiledirectories,renderingthediscunusable.9.cryptography:thestudyofsecretwritingandcodesClearly,oneadvantageofpublic-keycryptographyisthatnoonecanfigureouttheprivatekeyfromthecorrespondingpublickey.Furthermore,public-keycryptographycanbeusedforsenderauthentication,knownasdigitalsignatures.10.piracy:n(a)[U]robberybypirates(pirate1a)海盗的掠夺.(b)[U]illegalcopyingorbroadcasting非法复制或广播.(c)[C]instanceofeitherofthese非法复制或广播.Insteadshetakespartinhispiracyandgainsmeaningforlife,beforeshehelpshimescape.Sothetwosidestalkedaboutsmuggling,piracyandothersortsofcrime.11.forgery:n1[U](crimeoractof)forging(forge22)adocument,picture,signature,etc（文件、画、签字等的）伪造,伪造罪,伪造行为:Hespent5yearsinprisonforforgery.他因伪造罪而坐了5年牢.2[C]document,signature,etcthathasbeenforged伪造的文件、签字等:ThisfamouspaintingwasthoughttobebyVanGogh,butitisinfactaforgery.人们以为这是凡·高的名画,其实是膺品.Furtherinvestigationshowedthattheso-called"HitlerDiaries"wereaforgery.Specialmarksonthepaperareintendedtodeterforgery.Thepainting,believedtobebyRenoir,turnedouttobeaverycleverforgery.forge:v[Tn]1(a)shape(sth)byheatingitinafireandhammering锻造;打铁:forgeasword,achain,ananchor,etc锻造剑、铁链、锚等.(b)(fig比喻)create(usualastingrelationship)bymeansofmuchhardwork（靠艰苦工作）建立（通常为长期关系）:forgeabond,alink,analliance,etc建立同盟、联系、联盟等|afriendshipforgedbyadversity患难中建立起来的友谊.2makeanimitationorcopyof(sth)inordertodeceivepeople伪造:forgeabanknote,will,signature,etc伪造钞票、遗嘱、签字等.Someonestolemycreditcardandforgedmysignature.Marinoobtainedthedrugsbyforginghisdoctor'ssignatureonaprescription.forger:npersonwhoforgesmoney,adocument,etc伪造（钱币、文件等）的人.Cf:counterfeit:n,adj(thing)madeordonesothatitisverysimilartoanotherthing,inordertodeceive;fake伪造的;假冒的;伪造物;膺品:counterfeitmoney,jewels,etc假钱币、珠宝等|Thisten-dollarbillisacounterfeit.这张十元钞票是伪钞.counterfeit:v[Tn]copyorimitate(coins,handwriting,etc)inordertodeceive伪造,仿造（钱币等）;模仿（笔迹等）:agangofcriminalscounterfeitingten-poundnotes伪造十镑假钞票的犯罪集团.Policehavewarnedstorestolookoutforcounterfeit$50bills.Theywerearrestedformakingcounterfeitcomputerchips.counterfeiter:npersonwhocounterfeitsmoney,etc（钱币等的）伪造者,仿制者.12.infringe:v1[Tn](a)break(arule,anagreement,etc)违反,违背（规则、协议等）:infringetheregulations,acopyrightagreement,etc违反规则、版权协定等.(b)interferewith(sth);violate干涉;干扰;侵犯;侵害:infringesb'sliberty,rights,etc干扰某人的自由、侵犯某人的权利.2[Ipr]~on/uponsthaffectsthsoastolimitorrestrictit;encroachon侵犯;侵入;侵害:infringeupontherightsofotherpeople侵害他人权利.Abackupcopyofacomputerprogramdoesnotinfringecopyright.Theydidnotwantthenewmanagerstoinfringeontheirjobasdoerwithprimaryresponsibilityforthetask.Somestudentsarguedthattheruleinfringedontheirrighttofreespeech.13.falsification:falsify:tochangefigures,recordsetcsothattheycontainfalseinformationThefilewasalteredtofalsifytheevidence.Awholeteamwaskeptbusyfalsifyingofficialgovernmentrecords.MitchelljoinedtheNavyat16byfalsifyinghisbirthcertificate.Theiraccountshadbeenfalsifiedoveralongperiodoftimefalse:adj`Awhaleisafish.Trueorfalse?'｀鲸鱼是一种鱼.对还是错?＇falsehair,teeth,etc假发、假牙falsemodesty假谦虚falsetears虚伪的眼泪afalsesenseofsecurity虚假的安全感giveafalseimpressionofgreatwealth给人造成很富有的假像falseweights,scales,dice,etc假的砝码、天平、色子等falseevidence伪证presentfalseclaimstoaninsurancecompany向保险公司提出伪造的索赔要求afalsefriend/lover不忠实的朋友[情人]Therumoursofapetrolshortageturnedouttobeafalsealarm.汽油短缺的谣传原来是一场虚惊.`Onefalsemoveandyou'readeadman,'snarledtherobber.那强盗厉声叫道:｀不许动,不然就打死你.＇(make)afalsestart赛跑中的抢跑Afterseveralfalsestarts,shebecameasuccessfuljournalist.她开始时遇到几次挫折,后来才成为能干的记者.Afalsestepcouldhavecosttheclimberstheirlives.爬山者一失足就会丧命.14.incendiary:adj1designedtosetbuildings,etconfire放火的;纵火的:anincendiarybomb,device,attack燃烧弹、喷火器、火攻.2tendingtocreatepublicdisturbancesorviolence煽动的:anincendiaryspeech煽动性演说.Theexplosionseemstohavebeencausedbyanincendiarydevice.15.harass:v[Tn]1troubleandannoy(sb)continually不断打扰、骚扰（某人）:Politicaldissidentscomplainedofbeingharassedbythepolice.持不同政见者申诉他们受到警方的不断骚扰.|Healwayslooksharassedbyconstantworry.他老是愁眉苦脸的.2makerepeatedattackson(anenemy)不断骚扰（敌人）.Anumberofblackyouthshavecomplainedofbeingharassedbythepolice.Onewomanclaimedthatshehadbeensexuallyharassedbyamalemanager.harassment:n[U]harassingorbeingharassed烦扰;骚扰.16.intrusive:adjintruding闯入的;侵入的;打搅的;侵扰的:intrusiveneighbours打扰人的邻居Thephotographerswerepushyandintrusive.intrude:v~(oneself)on/uponsb/sth;~(oneself/sth)intosth(espfml)put(oneself/sth)intoaplaceorsituationwhereone/itisunwelcomeorunsuitable闯入;侵入;打搅;侵扰:Idon'twishtointrude,butcouldItalktoyouforamoment?我无意打扰您,不过我可以跟您谈一会儿吗?|IfeltasthoughIwasintrudingontheirprivategrief.他们正伤心时,我觉得我好像骚扰了他们.|IfIcouldintrudeanoteofseriousnessintothisfrivolousconversation...我真想说一句,叫他们谈话放严肃些WouldIbeintrudingifIcamewithyou?Employersshouldnotintrudeintotheprivatelivesoftheiremployees.Sorry,Ididn'tmeantointrude.Ididn'trealizeyouwereonthephone.17.evasion:n1[C,U]keepingoutofthewayofsb;avoidance躲避某人;规避;逃避:theburglar'sevasionofthepolice窃贼躲避警察|evasionofresponsibility逃避责任|He'sbeenaccusedoftaxevasion.他被控逃税.2[C]statement,excuse,etcmadetoavoidfullyansweringaquestion（避免如实回答问题的）遁辞,借口,推托:Hisanswerstomyquestionswerenothingbutcleverevasions.他回答我的问题时顾左右而言他.Henningwenttoprisononchargesoftaxevasion.UncleHarry'sstyleofevasionwastopretendhedidn'thearthequestion.evade:v[Tn]1getorkeepoutofthewayof(sb/sth)躲开,避开（某人[某事物]）:evadethepolice,anattack,anenemy躲避警察、袭击、敌人.2findawayofnotdoing(sth,espsththatlegallyormorallyoughttobedone);avoid逃避（尤指法律或道德上的责任）:evademilitaryservice逃避兵役|evadecapturebythepolice躲避警方的追捕.3avoidanswering(aquestion)fullyorhonestly回避如实的答覆（问题）:Thepolicemanevadedallthedifficultquestions.那警察回避了所有难以答覆的问题.Icouldtellthathewastryingtoevadetheissue.Youcan'tgoonevadingyourresponsibilitiesinthisway.Employerswillalwaystrytofindwaystoevadetax.18.vandalism:n[U]behaviourcharacteristicofvandals恣意破坏公物等的行为.vandal:n恣意破坏艺术品、公物、私人财产、自然美景等的人:telephonevandals破坏公用电话亭的流氓.Thievesandvandalsarecostingchurchesmillionsofpoundseachyear.vandalize/vandalise:v[尤用于被动语态]willfullydestroyordamage(egpublicproperty)恣意破坏（公物等）:vandalizeatraincompartment,publicconvenience,lift故意毁坏列车车厢、公共厕所、电梯|Theground-floorflatshadbeenbadlyvandalized.一楼公寓受到严重恶意破坏.19.infrastructure:n(a)subordinateparts,installations,etcthatformthebasisofasystem,anorganizationoranenterprise(egofanarmy)（组成一制度、企业或组织如军队的）基础结构,基础设施.(b)(economics经)stockoffixedcapitalequipmentinacountry(egroads,railways,power-stations,watersupply,etc)基础设施,基础结构（国家的固定基本设备,如公路、铁路、发电站、供水装置等）Somecountrieslackasuitableeconomicinfrastructure.So,someaspectsofthetechnicalinfrastructureforelectroniccommercearealreadyinplace.20.vindictive:adjhavingorshowingadesireforrevenge;unforgiving怀有或显示报复心的;不宽恕的:vindictivepeople,acts,urges,comments企图报复的人们/行为/心情/评语.|abitterandvindictiveoldman"I'llpayherbackforthis.''"Don'tbesovindictive.Itdoesn'thelpanyone.''AfterthedivorceJoan'sex-husbandbecameincreasinglyvindictive.vindictiveness:n[U]:Hewithheldtheletteroutofsheervindictiveness.他扣下那封信纯粹是出于报复心理.21.fraudulent:adj1deceitfulordishonest欺骗的;诈骗的;不诚实的;不老实的:afraudulentdisplayofsympathy假惺惺的同情.2obtainedordonebyfraud;involvingfraud骗得的;骗来的;涉及欺骗的:fraudulentapplicationsforsharesinthenewcompany以欺骗手段申请新公司的股票.Hewasaccusedoffraudulentlyusingastolencreditcard.Sheenteredthecountryusingafraudulentpassport.fraud:n1[C,U](actof)deceivingsbillegallyinordertomakemoneyorobtaingoods欺骗（行为）;诈骗:foundguiltyoffraud被裁定诈骗罪成立|Thousandsoffraudsarecommittedeveryyear.每年有数以千计的诈骗案.2[C]personwhodeceivesothersbypretendingtohaveabilities,skills,etcthathedoesnotreallyhave;impostor骗子;冒名顶替者:Thiswomanisafraudshehasnomedicalqualificationsatall.这女人是个骗子--她根本没有行医的资格.Landaleiscallingformorelawstoprotectconsumersagainstfraud.Biglossesduetotheftandfraudforcedthecompanytoclose.22.solicitation:theactofaskingsomeoneformoney,help,orinformationsolicit:v1~sbforsth;~sthfromsb(fml)ask(sb)for(egmoney,help,votes)earnestly;trytoobtain(sth)恳求（某人）给予（钱、帮助等）;向（某人）拉（选票）;设法获得（某事物）:solicitsbformoney/solicitmoneyfromsb向某人要钱|solicitinformationaboutthenewmotorway探询新的高速公路的情况|Bothcandidatessolicitedmyopinion.两位候选人都来向我征求意见.2[I,Tn](ofaprostitute)makeasexualoffer(tosb),espinapublicplace（指妓女）拉（客）（尤指在公共场所）:Shewasfinedforsoliciting.她因拉客而被罚款.Morganisaccusedofillegallysolicitingcampaigncontributions.ThegovernorsenttwoofficialstoMexicoCitytosolicitaidfromthePresident.23.bogus:adjnotgenuine;false伪造的;假的:aboguspassport/doctor/claim伪造的护照/冒充的医生/冒领.同义词:falseThechildwastakenawayfromherparentsbyabogussocialworker.Therehasbeenaspateofincidentswherebogusofficialshavecalledonthehomesofelderlypeople.24.unscrupulous:adjwithoutmoralprinciples无道德原则的;不讲道德的:unscrupulousmethods,behavior不道德的方法、行为|Hewasutterlyunscrupulousinhisdealingswithrivalfirms.他与对立公司竞争完全不讲道德.Isn'tittimewedidsomethingtoprotecttheelderlyfromunscrupulousbusinesspeople?Morganadmittedthatsomeofhisactionsmayhavebeenunscrupulous,buthedenieddoinganythingillegal.scrupulous:adj1extremelycarefulandthorough;payinggreatattentiontodetails极仔细彻底的;一丝不苟的:ascrupulousexaminer认真仔细的检查员|ascrupulousinspectionofthefirm'saccounts对公司的帐目彻底审核.2~in/about(doing)sthcarefulnottodowrong;absolutelyhonest审慎的;极诚实的:scrupulousinallherbusinessdealings（她）对所有交易都十分老实|behavewithscrupuloushonesty表现极为正直.Theorganizationwillbescrupulousinmaintainingthehighestmoralstandards.Scrupulouscleanlinessisnecessarywhenpreparingfoodinarestaurant.Thefinancedepartmentisalwaysscrupulousabouttheirbookkeeping.Theinvestigationwascarriedoutwithscrupulousfairness.Thisjobrequiresscrupulousattentiontodetail.25.unwitting:adj[作定语](fml文)1notknowingoraware不知道的;未察觉的;未意识到的:anunwittingcarrierofstolengoods不知就里而携赃物的人.2notintentional无意的;非故意的;不知不觉的:myunwittinginterruptionoftheirprivateconversation我无意中打断他们的私下谈话.Lauraunwittinglythrewawaythewinninglotteryticket.26.eavesdrop:v[I,Ipr](-pp-)~onsb/sthlistensecretlytoaprivateconversation偷听（私人谈话）:eavesdroppingonthediscussion/herparents偷听讨论/偷听她父母谈话.HowdidyouknowIwasgoing?You'vebeeneavesdropping,haven'tyou!Icaughthimeavesdroppingonourconversation.Suewasabletoeavesdroponthemthroughtheopenwindow.Cf:overhear:vhear(sb,aconversation,etc)withouttheknowledgeofthespeaker(s);hearbychance偷听到（某人说话、谈话等）;无意中听到:Ioverheardtheirargument/them.我偷听到他们争论/说话.|Ioverheardthemquarrelling.我无意中听到他们吵架.|Ioverheardhimsay/sayinghewasgoingtoFrance.我偶然听到他说他要到法国去.eaves:n[pl]屋檐:birdsnestingundertheeaves在屋檐下筑巢的鸟.27.surveillance:n[U]carefulwatchkeptonsbsuspectedofdoingwrong（对涉嫌者的）监视:Thepolicearekeepingthesuspectsunderround-the-clocksurveillance.警方对疑犯昼夜监视.Theywereunderconstantclosesurveillancedayandnight.Thesuspectswerekeptundersurveillance.Banksareinstallingsurveillancecamerastopreventrobberies.28.proliferation:n1[U]proliferatingorbeingproliferated（迅速的）繁殖;增殖;增生:[作定语]anuclearnon-proliferationtreat禁止核扩散条约.2[通常作单数]rapidgrowthorincrease迅速的繁殖或增长.Futureadvancesintechnologymaydiscloseother,moresensitivemarkersofcellproliferationwhosepredictiveaccuracyisgreater.Malignantmelanomaoftheskiniscausedbycancerousproliferationofmelanocytes.Shorteningproductlifecyclesandrapidproductproliferationmeanthatinvestmentininnovationiscriticalinglobalcompetition.proliferate:v1[I]producenewgrowthoroffspringrapidly;multiply（迅速地）繁殖;增殖;增生.2[Tn]reproduce(cells,etc)分裂,繁殖（细胞等）.3[I]increaserapidlyinnumbers（数量）激增.Childpornographyisproliferatingduetotheincreaseduseofcomputerchatrooms.Fast-foodrestaurantshaveproliferatedinthearea.TheHIVvirusisabletoproliferateatanastonishingrate.29.ripoff:n(ususing通常作单数)(俚)actofdefrauding,stealing,overcharging,etc欺诈;偷窃;索要高价:80pforacupofcoffee?Whatarip-off!一杯咖啡要80便士?真是敲竹杠!Themealwasarip-offandtheservicewasappalling.ripoff:(phrv)(俚)cheatsb,espfinancially欺骗某人（尤指钱财）:Theshoptriedtoripmeoff.那商店想欺骗我.ripsthoff(a)removesthbypullingsharply撕掉某物:ripthecoveroff(abook)撕掉（书的）封面.(b)(俚)stealsth偷窃某物:Somebody'srippedoffmywallet.有人把我的钱包偷走了.30.entail:v1make(sth)necessary;involve使（某事物）必要;牵涉:Thisjobentailsalotofhardwork.这项工作需要十分努力.|Thatwillentailanearlystarttomorrowmorning.那就需要明晨很早动身.2[尤用于被动语态]~sth(onsb)限定（地产）继承人:Thehouseandestateareentailedontheeldestdaughter.这所房子和地产限定由长女继承.|Hewouldhavesoldthepropertylongagohaditnotbeenentailed.这些财产若非限定继承的话,他早就卖掉了.31.decrypt:tochangeamessageorinformationonacomputerbackintoaformthatcanberead,whensomeonehassentittoyouinatypeofcomputercodeOnlycertainemployeeswillbeabletodecryptsensitivedocuments.32.genie:n(pl~sorgenii)(inArabianstories)spiritorgoblinwithstrangepowers（阿拉伯故事中的）神怪,妖怪.TheprincesspassedonherrequesttoAladdin,whopasseditontothegenie.ThereisnogenietosnapitsfingersandwhiplashmeoutofthisworldIamlivingin.Asachildofthe1960sand1970s,thenucleargeniestillloomslargeformeasapowerfulanalogy.33.homily:n1(常作贬义)longandboringtalkfromsbonthecorrectwaytobehave,etc有关规矩等问题的冗长而令人厌倦的说教:preach/give/deliverahomily进行说教.2(fml)sermon讲道.Thecoachspouted(罗罗嗦嗦、滔滔不绝地说出)hisusualhomilyaboutwinninggames.34.incentive:n[C,U]~(todosth)thingthatencouragessbtodosth;stimulus激励某人做某事的事物;刺激;奖励:theofferofcashincentives现金奖励的提供|anincentivetoworkharder对更加努力工作的刺激|Theydon'ttryveryhard,butthenthere'snoincentive.他们不太卖力气,不过却也没给他们奖励.|anincentivescheme鼓励方案.Awardsprovideanincentiveforyoungpeopletoimprovetheirskills.Asanaddedincentive,there'sabottleofchampagneforthebestteam.Thegovernmentisofferingspecialtaxincentivestopeoplewantingtostartupsmallbusinesses.35.disgruntled:adj~at/aboutsth;~withsbresentfulbecausesthhashappenedtodispleaseone不高兴的;不满的:adisgruntledlook/frown/scowl不悦的样子/因不满而皱眉/怒容|She'sstilldisgruntledaboutmissingtheparty.她因错过了这一聚会而仍耿耿于怀.Disgruntledemployeesareleavingtoworkforotherfirms.Afterlongdelays,disgruntledpassengersweretakentoanearbyhotel.Itwasthesecondpaycutintwoyears,andemployeeswerebecomingdisgruntled.36.biometrics:37.retinal:38.anomalous:adjdifferentfromwhatisnormal;irregular异常的;不规则的:Heisinananomalouspositionastheonlypart-timeworkerinthefirm.他与众不同,是公司里唯一的兼职人员.Thisphenomenonmayalsoexplainsomeofouranomalousfossildistributionsandextinctions.Claudiusmadetwootherarrangementswhichseematfirstsighttobehighlyanomalous.39.uptake:n(习语)quick/slowontheuptakequick/slowtounderstandwhatismeant理解力强/弱;领会快/慢:You'llhavetoexplainittomecarefullyI'mnotveryquickontheuptake.你得给我仔细解释一下--我理解力差.40.poach:v1~forsthcatch(gamebirds,animalsorfish)withoutpermissiononsbelse'sproperty（进入他人地界）偷猎,偷捕（鸟、兽或鱼）:gooutpoachingonafarmer'sland到农场主土地上偷猎|Fredwascaughtpoachinghares.弗雷德因偷猎野兔被捉.2(a)~onsthbeactiveinanareathatproperlybelongstosbelse在他人范围内活动:Rivalsalesmenwerepoachingonhisterritory.这些推销员是竞争对手,却跑到他的地盘来兜生意.|Byinterferinginthismatteryouarepoachingonmypreserve.你干预此事就是在我的责任范围内越俎代庖.(b)take(stafforideas)fromsb/sth,espinanunderhandway从某人/某处挖走人员或窃取思想:Arivalfirmpoachedourbestcomputerprogrammers.我公司的竞争对手把我们最好的计算机程序编制员挖走了.|Anewpoliticalpartyusuallypoachesideasfromitsrivals.新政党往往把敌对政党的思想攫为己有.41.gullible:adjwillingtobelieveanythingoranyone;easilydeceived轻信的;易受欺骗的:Hemusthavebeenprettygullibletofallforthatoldtrick.他准是有点儿傻,才落入那惯用的圈套.PlasticreplicasoftheGreekpotteryaresoldtogullibletourists.HeseemedtotreatmeasifIwereagullibleschoolgirl.Howcanyoubesogullible!He’snotreallyFrench.It'seasytoblamethepublicforbeinggullibleenoughtobuydietingproducts,butit'sthecompanieswhosellthemwhoshouldtakeresponsibility.Shewasdescribedbyherneighborsasasweetbutgulliblewomanwhoallowedthemantoliveinherhouseasasourceofextramoney.42.liaison:n1[U]communicationandco-operationbetweenunitsofanorganization组织内单位间的交流与合作:excellentliaisonbetweenourtwodepartments我们两部门间出色的合作|aliaisonofficer联络官.2[C](贬义)personwholiaises联络人;掮客.3[C](贬义)illicitsexualrelationship私通;通奸:abriefliaison短暂的姘居Theprojecthasbeensetupinliaisonwiththeartdepartment.Thesefieldsactinliaisonwiththeenergeticandchemicalprocessesofthebody.Theseschemesmaybesetupinliaisonwithlocaleducationauthoritiesandschoolgovernors.Turnerservesasaliaisonbetweenmanagementandstaff.liaise:v~withsb;~betweenAandB(口)actasalinkorgo-between做联络人;联络.Councilofficersareliaisingcloselywithlocalgroups.Theeducationofficerliaisesbetweenstudents,schoolsandcolleges.IIText1.reflect(on/uponsth):thinkdeeplyabout,orremindoneselfof,pastevents;consider沉思或思忆（往事）;思考:Ineedtimetoreflect(onyouroffer/onwhatyouoffered).我需要时间来考虑（你的建议[你提出的建议]）.2.burgle:vstealfrom(ahouseorperson)afterenteringabuildingillegally入户盗窃:burgleashop盗窃一家商店|Wewereburgledwhilewewereonholiday.我们度假期间屋里进贼了.3.convergence:n.相交的线条;趋于一致的意见.converge:v1~(onsb/sth);~(atsth)（指线条、运动的物体等）会于一点,向一点会合;聚集:armiesconvergingonthecapitalcity向首都集结的各路军队|Parallellinesconvergeatinfinity.平行线永不相交.|Enthusiastsfromaroundtheworldconvergeon(iecometo)LeMansfortheannualcarrace.热心的观众从世界各地涌到勒芒市观看一年一度的汽车比赛.2[I](fig)(tendto)becomesimilaroridentical（趋于）相似或相同:Ourpreviouslyopposedviewsarebeginningtoconverge.我们原来相互对立的观点开始趋于一致.|Somesaythatcapitalismandsocialismwilleventuallyconverge.有人说资本主义和社会主义最终会合而为一.4.unprecedented:adjwithoutprecedent;neverhavinghappened,beendoneorbeenknownbefore无前例的;前所未有的;空前的:unprecedentedlevelsofunemployment失业率达到的前所未有的严重程度|asituationunprecedentedinthehistoryoftheschool该校自有校史以来未曾出现过的情况.precedent:n(a)[C]earlierdecision,case,event,etcthatisregardedasanexampleorruleforwhatcomeslater可援为先例的判决、事例、事件等:create/establish/setaprecedent(forsth)（为某事物）开创先例|serveasaprecedentforsth为某事物提供范例|Thereisnoprecedentforsuchanaction.这种行动没有先例可循.(b)[U]existingprecedents(usedespintheexpressionsshown)先例（尤用于下列示例）:withoutprecedent没有先例|breakwithprecedent,ienotactaccordingtoprecedents打破先例（不按先例行事）.Theprotestwaswithoutprecedentinalandwherestrikesaretaboo.Anepidemiconthisscaleiswithoutprecedent.precedented:adjhavingorsupportedbyaprecedent有先例的;有前例可援的:adecisionnotprecedentedinEnglishlaw在英国法律中无前例可援的判决.precede:v1comeorgobefore(sth)intime,order,rank,etc（在时间、顺序、行列等上）在（某事物）之前;先于（某事物）:TheMayorentered,precededbymembersofthecouncil.市政会的委员们入场后,市长也入场了.|Thispointhasbeendealtwithintheprecedingparagraph.这一点在前面一段里已经交代过了.|thedaysthatprecededthefinalcatastrophe大祸即将临头的那些日子.2~sthwithsthsaysthbeforesth在讲某话之前先讲某话;在讲...前加上...:Sheprecededherspeechwithavoteofthankstothecommittee.她发表讲话以前先提议向全体委员表示感谢.5.mobilize:v1(causesb/sthto)becomereadyforserviceoraction,espinwar（使某人[某事物]）准备行动;（尤指战时）动员,调动:Thetroopsreceivedorderstomobilize.部队接到动员令.2organizeorassemble(resources,etc)foraparticularpurpose（为某目的）组织,集合（资源等）:Theyaremobilizingtheirsupporterstovoteattheelection.他们正在组织其支持者向他们拉选票.6.defy:v(pt,ppdefied)1(a)disobeyorrefusetorespect(sb,anauthority,etc)违抗,反抗,藐视,蔑视（某人、权威等）:Theydefiedtheirparentsandgotmarried.他们违抗父母的意愿而结婚了.|defytheGovernment,thelaw,etc蔑视政府、法律等.(b)refusetogiveinto(sb/sth);resistboldly拒绝向（某人[某事物]让步;勇敢地抵抗:Thearmydefiedtheenemy'sforces.这支军队英勇抗敌.2besodifficultastomake(sth)impossible（因有困难）使（某事）不可能,办不到:Thedoordefiedallattemptstoopenit.这门用什么办法也打不开.|Theproblemdefiedsolution,iecouldnotbesolved.此问题无法解决.3challenge(sb)todosthonebelieveshecannotorwillnotdo激（某人）做其不能或不愿做的事:IdefyyoutoproveIhavecheated.我谅你无法证实我欺骗了人.7.given:taking(sth)intoaccount考虑到（某事物）:Giventhegovernment'srecordonunemployment,theirchancesofwinningtheelectionlookpoor.鉴于政府在解决失业问题上成绩不佳,他们在选举中获胜机会似乎不大.|Givenherinterestinchildren/Giventhatsheisinterestedinchildren,Iamsureteachingistherightcareerforher.考虑到她喜欢孩子,我可以肯定教书是最适合她的职业.8.knownobounds:ifafeelingorqualityknowsnobounds,itisnotlimitedinanyway;(fml)beverygreatortoogreat无限:Whensheheardthenewsherfuryknewnobounds.她听到这个消息,顿时怒不可遏.Andasyouknow,greedknowsnobounds.Faithinbenignscienceknewnobounds.Sarah'sprideinherdaughterknewnobo