Unit2重点知识语法讲解牛津译林版九年级英语下册

Unit2Greatpeople重点知识+语法讲解Weletotheunit1.I’veneverheardofhim.我从未听说过他。hearof相当于hearabout，意为“听说，听到”，后跟名词或代词；hearfrom意为“收到...的来信”。hear意为“听到、听说”，强调听的结果；listen意为“听”，强调听的动作。hearsb.doingsth.意为“听到某人正在做某事”，hearsb.dosth.意为“听到某人做某事的全过程”。【举一反三】(1)—Haveyouever_________HydePark?—Yes,ofcourse.ItisinLondon.Andit’stheparkinwhichthefirstEXPOwasheld.A.thoughtabout B.heardof C.knownof D.heardfrom(2)Shedisappearedandwasnever_________again.A.heard B.heardfrom C.heardof D.hearof(3)Peoplelivingneartheairportare_________newrulesaboutnightflight.A.payingfor B.hearingofC.pushingfor D.leavingfor2.invent动词，意为“发明；创造”inventor（发明者；发明家）invention（发明物）3.Italian,oneofthefirstEuropeanstodiscoverAmerica.意大利人，第一批发现美洲的欧洲人之一。thefirst(one)todosth.“第一个做某事的人”。动词不定式常用作定语修饰序数词或者序数词修饰的名词。Hewasthefirstonetotopthemountainpeak.European，形容词，意为“欧洲的；欧洲人的”，它以辅音音素开头，前边使用不定冠词时要用a。【举一反三】(1)Wheredoesthegirlwith________smileonherfaceefrom?Sheesfrom________Europeancountry.A.a;aB./;aC.a;anD.the;a(2)—IsRussia________Europeancountry?—Yes,thoughalargepartofitisin________Asia.A.a;aB.an;theC.a;/D.an;/(3)Ihave________Europeanpenfriend,andshelikesplaying________violin.A．an;/B．an;theC．a;/D．a;theReading1.Hebecameinterestedinflyingwhenhetookhisfirstflightattheageofsix.当他六岁第一次乘坐飞机时，他开始对飞行感兴趣。bee/beinterestedin意为“对…感兴趣”，相当于take/haveaninteresterested形容词“感兴趣的”，作表语，主语是人beinterestedin(doing)IaminterestedinEeresting形容词“有趣的”，作表语或定语，主语是物Thebookisveryerest名词“兴趣”，作主、宾语take/haveaninterestinHismaininterestsarereadingandplayingthepiano.Iaminterestedinreadingthisinterestingbook.【举一反三】(1)EversinceIwasasmallgirl,myfather_________howtomakeanewtoy,ormakeanewbuilding.A.hasbeeninterestedinB.becameinterestedinC.hastakeninterestsinD.wasinterestedin(2)—Johnwonfirstprizeinyesterday’sspeechpetition.—Really?Thenhismothermustbe________him.A．madatB．worriedaboutC．interestedinD．proudof(3)Themovieisvery________.I’mvery_________init.A.interesting;interestedB.interested;interestingC.interest;interestedD.interesting;interest(4)―HowisyourEnglishstudy?―Notbad.ButI___________learningEnglishgrammar.A.aminterestedinB.amgoodatC.havealittletroubleD.havenotrouble2.Armstrongjoinedthenavyin1949andservedasapilotforthreeyears.阿姆斯特朗1949年加入海军，当了三年飞行员。join作动词，意为“加入，参加”。①join+组织/团体，表示“加入到某个组织中并成为其中一员”。Hejoinedthearmyin1990.②join+sb.(indoingsth.)表示“加入到某人当中去”。Wouldyouliketojoinusin(playing)theputergame?③joinin+某活动，表示参加某种活动,相当于takepartin。Collegestudentsjoininmanyactivitiesafterclass.【举一反三】(1)—Areyouafootballplayerinyourschool?—Yes,I________theteamthreeyearsago.I________intheteamforthreeyears.A.havejoined;havebeenB.wasjoined;amC.joined;wasD.joined;havebeen(2)Andy’sbrother______thearmyin2001and______thearmysincethen.A.joined;hasjoinedB.joinedin;hasjoinedinC.joinedin;hasbeeninD.joined;hasbeeninserve作动词，意为“服务,招待”，后跟人作宾语.意为“为…服务”Weservehotandcoldlunches.service，名词，意为“服务”。3.Theymanagedtojointwospacecrafttogetherforthefirsttimeinspace.他们成功地将两个航天器在太空首次交会对接。managetodosth.设法做某事，强调结果“成功完成”【辨析】trytodosth.尽力做某事，强调动作,不知道此事能否做成。Didyoutrytogethelpfromanywhere?【举一反三】(1)Peppa__________________thematch.Allherfriendsareproudofher.A.hasmanagedtowin B.hastriedwinningC.managedwinning D.triedtowin(2)Suddenly,therewassomethingwrongwiththeplaneinthesky.Butthebrightpilotmanaged______theplaneattheairportsafely.A.tolandB.tolandingC.landingD.land4.However,ontheirwaybacktotheEarth,thespacecraftbeganspinningoutofcontrol.然而，在返回地球的途中，飞船开始失去控制。onone’swaybackto...意为“在某人返回…的途中”，onone’swayto...意为“在某人去...的路上”，to为介词，其后接副词时，应省略介词to。control可作名词可作动词，意为“控制”，beyondcontrol意为“难以控制”，incontrolof意为“处于控制地位”，outofcontrol意为“失去控制的”，undercontrol意为“被控制”。5.Armstrongreceivedtheordertocuttheflightshort.阿姆斯特朗接到缩短航程的命令.order作名词,意为“命令,指挥,要求”,也可意为“顺序,订单”。Theoldsocialorderwasgoneforever.order作动词,意为“命令;订货;点菜.”Theycanorderwhattheywantonline.【举一反三】(1)Whyistheapplejuiceintheshopsopopular?Becausetheworkersmakeit__________.A.inorder B.byhandC.atbirth D.inahurry(2)Ifyoucouldgoalittlelower,I'dgiveyouthe_________rightaway.A.orderB.standardC.truth D.wonder(3)Itopracticeplayingtheviolinhalfanhoureveryday,andeverydayItriedtogetoutofit.A.wasorderedB.orderedC.ordersD.wasordering(4)Thegeneralmanager______Lily______anairtickettoJapanforhimatonce.A.order;toorderB.ordered;toorderC.order;orderD.ordered;order(5)―Whenwillyousendme__________ontheInternet?―Thisafternoon.A.whathaveIorderedB.thatIorderC.whatdoIorderD.whatIhaveorderedcut...short,意为“缩短”Hiscareerwascutshortwhenhediedofcancer.【拓展】cut常见短语：cutdown砍倒;削减cutin插嘴,插队cutoff切断,隔断cutout剪去,关掉【举一反三】(1)Wemuststopcutting_________forests.A.out B.downC.off D.short6.On20July1969,ArmstrongbecamethefirstmantowalkontheMoon.1969年7月20日，阿姆斯特朗成为第一个在月球上行走的人。thefirstonetodosth.第一个做某事的人7.Hesaidthefamouswords“onesmallstepfor(a)man,onegiantleapformankind”ashesteppedoutontotheMoon’ssurface.当他走上月球表面时，他说了著名的话“一个人的一小步，人类的一大步”。8.TheycollectedMoonrockstotakebacktotheEarthforfurtherresearch.他们收集月球岩石带回地球做进一步研究。further可以指更远的，或者抽象意义上更深一层的；farther距离时间上更远的，较远的。9.Becauseofhisexcellentservice,NeilArmstrongwaspresentedwiththeMedalofFreedom,thehighestawardthataUScitizencanreceive.由于他出色的服务，尼尔·阿姆斯特朗被授予自由勋章，这是美国公民所能获得的最高奖项。presentsb.withsth.意为“授予某人某物，向某人赠送某物”。10.Hewastheprideofthewholeworld.他是全世界的骄傲。pride作名词，意为“骄傲”，takepridein意为“对…感到骄傲”,相当于beproudof。【举一反三】(1)MarieCurieisoneofthegreatestscientistsinhistory.Wealltake_______inher.A.proud B.praise C.pride D.care(2)—MoreandmorepeopleetovisitMiyiCountytoenjoythesunshineinthewinter.—Youareright.Ithasbeethe________ofPanzhihua.A．prideB．effortC．priceD．courage(3)Peppaissoexcellentthatsheis_________herfamily.A．worriedabout B．angrywith C．theprideof D．strictwithGrammar1.时态1)一般现在时:谓语动词用原形或第三人称单数形式2)一般过去时:谓语动词用过去式3)一般将来时:谓语用will/shall/begoingto+动词原形4)现在进行时:谓语用am/is/are+动词的现在分词5)现在完成时:谓语用have/has+动词的过去分词6)过去进行时:谓语用was/were+动词的现在分词动词主要用来表示动作、状态和性质，而英语中动词的时态是指动作和状态发生的具体时间和表现方式。英语中动词时态用动词的不同形式来表示。英语中动词的五种基本形式为:动词原形、第三人称单数、现在分词、过去式和过去分词。一般现在时表示现阶段习惯性、周期性、反复或经常发生的动作，或者用于描述客观真理always,usually,often,sometimes,seldom,never,onSunday,everyday,everyyear,onceamonth,threetimesayear①一般现在时表示现在的状态；Ilikecollectingstamps.②一般现在时表示一个动作接着一个动作，用来描述连续性的事件；Thebellringsandthestudentseintoclass.③一般现在时可以用来摘述日常生活和习惯；Healwaysgoeshomeat6p.m.④一般现在时表示按照时间表或计划表所做的事情。Theclassbeginsat2p.m.现在进行时表示现在正在发生的动作，在现阶段持续发生的动作或存在的状态atthemoment,now,rightnow,look,listen①现在进行时表示正在发生的动作或状态；Sheislookingafterherbabynow.②现在进行时表示几个动作同时进行；Heisdoinghishomeworkandhisfatheriscooking.③现在进行时可以表示在特定时间段里所发生的动作；Thismonthheispreparingfortheexam.④现在进行时表示即将发生的动作或安排。Iammeetingsomeoldfriendsafterschool.一般过去时表示在过去发生的动作或存在的状态yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,lastyear,twomonthsago,in1999①一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或者存在的状态;Hewenthomebycaryesterday.②一般过去时可以表示过去发生的一系列连续的动作;Hehaddinnerandthendidhishomework.过去进行时表示过去的某个时刻正在发生的动作、过去同一时间里同时发生的动作或在过去的某个时间段内持续发生的动作或存在的状态atthistimeyesterday,from...to...,lastnight①过去进行时强调过去某个时刻发生的动作；Hewasshoppingat10a.m.yesterday.②过去进行时表示过去同一时间里同时发生的动作；Shewasreadingwhilehermotherwastalkingonthephone.③过去进行时还可以表示过去的某个时间段内持续发生的动作或存在的状态。Wewereplayinggamesthewholeafternoonyesterday.【注意】过去进行时通常用when和while连接。Hewassleepingwhenhisfathercameback.过去进行时常与always等频度副词连用，表示过去频繁发生的习惯性动作，此时的过去进行时常带有一定的感情色彩。HewasalwaysplayingputergameswhenhewasinGrade7.现在完成时描述一个发生在过去，并一直延续到现在，或者可能还要延续到将来的动作①现在完成时强调过去动作所产生的结果或影响；Hehasalreadyboughttwocars.②现在完成时表示过去某个动作直到现在已经发生了多少次。Hehasbeenheremanytimes.③现在完成时中，since与表示时间点的时间状语连用；for与表示时间段的时间状语连用。IthasbeentwoweekssinceIcamehere.Ihavebeenherefortwoweeks.【举一反三】(1)Therealreasonwhythepriceofthemask_______,andstillis,toohighismixed,andnoshortdiscussioncanexplainthisproblem.A.was B.willbe C.hasbeen D.hadbeen(2)Notonlythetwinsbutalsotheircousin________Londonforfivemonths.ButnoneofthemcanspeakEnglish.A.hasbeeninB.hasbeentoC.havebeeninD.havebeento(3)Whataboutgoingtothebeachforaholidayassoonassummer__________.Soundsgreat!A.cameB.esC.willeD.ising(4)I________thebookclublastyearandI_________ hundredsbooksalready.A.joinin;read B.joined;read C.joined;haveread D.joinedin;hasread(5)IknockedintoatreewhenIwenttotheairportformyparents.Isupposeyou_____toofast.A.driveB.aredrivingC.droveD.weredriving(6)Englishisnotjustlearnt_________theexam!A.passing B.topassC.pass D.passed(7)—HaveyouseenthemovieMyPeopleMyHomeland?—Yes,Ihave.It’sworth_______________.A.watching B.beingwatched C.towatch D.watched(8)AreLucyandLilyintheoffice? Yes.Isawthem____________togetherwhenIwalkedpastthehalljustnow.A.talk B.totalk C.talking D.talked(9)Thelightinhisroomisstillon.Doyouknowwhathe__________?Sorry,Idon’tknow.A.does B.did C.isdoing D.willdo(10)Mymobilephonehasgonewrong.I'llhaveit_____________.YoucanaskJohntodoit.A.repair B.torepair C.repairing D.repaired(11)You__________fat________youdoenoughexercise.A.willget;unlessB.willget;ifC.won'tget;unlessD.don'tget;if(12)Thecaraccident____________onacoldwinternight.A.wastakenplaceB.washappenedC.tookplaceD.happen(13)Whyareyousohappytoday?BecauseImetanoldfriendofminewhileI________alongthelakejustnow.A.walkedB.walkingC.waswalkedD.waswalking(14)Heisoftenseen_____________hiscarinfrontoftheclassroombuilding.A.parkingB.parkC.toparkingD.topark(15)Sandysaidthatshe_________theGreatWall.A.willvisit B.wasgoingtovisit C.isgoingtovisit D.hasvisited(16)Thestory___________onahotsummermorning.A.takesplace B.wastakenplace C.washappened D.happened(17)Iwanttobeanhonestperson.I’drather______than______alie.A.bepunished;tell B.tobepunished;totellC.punish;tell D.tobepunished;tobetold(18)—Icalledyouthismorning.Buttherewasnoanswer.—Oh,I________aspeechtothestudentsinthehall.A.made B.willmake C.havemade D.wasmaking(19)Idoubt_______hisadviceisworth______.Iwouldrather______ittwice.A.that;taking;tothinkB.if;beingtaken;thinkC.whether;taking;thinkD.that;totake;think(20)—Whowillwinthefirstprizeinthedancingpetition?—Nobodycanknowtheresultuntilit__________nextMonday.A.willannounceB.isannouncedC.willbeannouncedD.announces2.Inthepast,peoplewashedtheirclothesbyhand.在过去，人们用手洗衣服。byhand，意为“用手；手工的”【拓展】hand的相关短语(1)动词handback退还handin交上handdown传下来,宣布handon传递下去handout把...拿出来,分发,施舍handup交给上级,呈交(2)名词give/lendsb.ahand帮某人一把handinhand手拉手；同时并存inhand在手头；在进行中；在控制中onhand在手边（随时可用）ontheone(other)hand一方面（另一方面）shakehands握手【举一反三】(1)Whyisthefruitjuiceintheshopsopopular?Becausetheworkersmakeit__________.A.inorder B.byhandC.atbirth D.inahurry(2)Theywerebuilt_________hundredsofyearsago.A.inhand B.withhand C.byhand D.usehands(3)Thewinemade__________mymotheraremade__________hand.A.by;ofB,by;byC.of;byD.of;of(4)It’snotdifficultforfiveworkerstopushthebrokenvanaway.Yes,_______.A.ManyhandsmakelightworkB.Whenthecat'saway,themicewillplayC.EverydoghasitsdayD.Don'tputallyoureggsinonebasketIntegratedskills1.marriedaFrenchscientistcalledPierreCuriein18951895年嫁给了一位名叫皮埃尔·居里的法国科学家marrysb嫁给某人getmarried结婚=bemarried2.Itwasbraveofhimtogotoaplacethatwasunknowntohumansatthattime.他去一个当时人类不知道的地方，真是勇敢。that引导定语从句，修饰前面的先行词placeitisadj.ofsb.todosth.3.ShealsopushedfortheuseofXraymachines,whicharenowwidelyusedinhospitals.她还推动了x光机的使用，这种设备现在在医院里广泛使用。Studyskills1.Believeitornot,there’sarealHarryPotterintheworld.信不信由你，世界上确实有哈利·波特。believeitornot其实是口语里常用的句子，是个省略的句子，完整的是whetheryoubelieveitornot。【举一反三】(1)_______,mysisterandIaretwins.Oh,youmusthavehadthecasewhereyouweretakenforyoursister.A.TryyourbestB.BelieveitornotC.Don’tmentionitD.Helpyourself(2)HaveyoueverheardofJayChou,averyfamoussinger?Ofcourse.___________,heismyhero.A.ImeanB.ThatistosayC.AboveallD.Believeitornot2.It’ssaidthatit’salotoftroublebeingHarryPotter,esp.whenyou’rea78yearoldmanandyouhappentosharethenameofaworldfamousboywithmagicpowers.据说作为哈利·波物有很多烦恼，尤其当你是78岁的男人，而你又恰巧和拥有神奇魔力的世界著名的男孩有相同名字的时候。Itissaidthat...，意为“据说……”。【拓展】类似结构(1)Itisbelievedthat...，意为“据说/据信……”(2)Itisexpectedthat...，意为“据估计……”(3)Itisknownthat...，意为“众所周知/人们认为……”(4)Itisreportedthat...，意为“据报道……”(5)Itisthoughtthat...，意为“据估计/人们认为……”【举一反三】(1)—_______thatChinahasthelargestnumberofmobilephoneusers.—Ibelieveso.Itseemseveryonehasone.A.Itwassaid B.Itistold C.Itissaid D.Itwastold3.However,therealHarryPottersaystheHarryPotterseriesisn’thiscupoftea,andhedoesn’tcareifhe’sfamousornot.然而，真实的哈利·波特说《哈利·波特》系列不是他盘里的菜，他不在乎他出名。cupoftea，意为“所喜爱的人或事，得心应手的事”，相当于中国的俗语“盘里的菜”。Task1.workedasateacherinanagricultureschoolgraduatingfromcollege从大学毕业之后在一所农业学校当老师agriculture作名词，意为“农业；农学”。形容词为agricultural，意为“农业的”。2.IthinkYuanLongping,aricescientistandamemberoftheChineseAcademyofEngineering,isoneofthegreatestpeoplethathaveeverlived.我认为中国工程院院士、水稻科学家袁隆平是有史以来最伟大的人之一。3.In1960,hesawpeopledieofhunger,sohebeganresearchintohybridrice.1960年，他看到人们死于饥饿，所以他开始研究杂交水稻。dieof强调内在原因，如疾病，年老，饥饿等；diefrom强调外部原因，如意外事故，灾害等。【举一反三】(1)Iwassorrytoknowmanypeopledied_________theearthquakeinYunnan.(2)Theoldwomandied________hearttroublelastweekend.hunger作名词，意为“饥饿；渴望”。其形容词形式为hungry，意为“饥饿的”。behungryfor渴望…4.happentofindanaturalhybridriceplantthathadmanyadvantagesoverothers碰巧发现了一种天然杂交水稻，它比其他水稻有很多优势happentodosth碰巧做某事【举一反三】(1)—Ican’tgetintouchwithAndy.Doyouhappen_________hisnewtelephonenumber?—Sorry,Idon’thavehisnewnumber.A.toknow B.knowing C.know D.tobeknown(2)Astrangething__________thismorning.A.happenedtohim B.washappenedwithhimC.tookplacetohim D.happenedhim(3)Onmywayhome,I_____________myEnglishteacherwhotaughtmewhenIwasalittlechild.A.washappeningtosee B.happenedtomeetingC.wouldhappenseeing D.happenedtomeetadvantage作名词，意为“优势；优点”，反义词为disadvantage，意为“缺点；劣势”。takeadvantageof利用；占便宜havethe/anadvantageover优于...【举一反三】(1)IfyoucanspeakEnglishwell,youwillhaveagreat________overotherswhenlookingforajob.A．activityB．articleC．attentionD．advantage(2)Therearealotof_________ofbikeriding.Iagree.It’sgoodfortheenvironmentanditsavesmoney.A．instructions B．instruments C．advantages D．products(3)Theyoungmanhasgotthejobbecausehehastheadvantage______othersofknowingmanylanguages.A.overB.aboveC.againstD.beyond5.Contribution:hisachievementshaveincreasedriceproductionby20%30%,andinsomeplacesevenmore贡献：他的成就已经使水稻产量增加了20%—30%，在一些地方甚至更多contribution作名词，意为“贡献”，其动词形式为contribute，意为“贡献”。makeacontributionto为…做贡献，这里的to是个介词【拓展】常见的带介词to的短语be/get/beeusedto习惯于bedevotedto致力于；忠诚于devoteoneselfto献身于；专心于【举一反三】(1)Iwouldliketo__________tothemotherland.A.makeacontributionB.makeadecisionC.makeprogressD.makeaneffortincrease作动词，意为“增加”。【辨析】increaseto和increasebyincreaseby指增长了几倍或百分之几，后面加百分数或倍数。Thefigureisexpectedtoincreaseby20percenteveryyear.increaseto指增长到了…，后接具体增长后的数字。Myweighthasincreasedtoseventyeightkilos.【举一反三】(1)Myanklewashurtintherunningrace,andthepain_________untilIcouldn’twalkanymore.A.cameB.got C.increased D.changed(2)Thenumberofhomelesspeople_________dramatically.A.haveincreased B.hasincreasedC.haverisenD.hasbooked(3)Infact,thepany'ssales_________for55straightmonths.A.haverisen B.haveincreased C.hasmade D.hasdevelopedproduction作名词，意为“生产”，其动词形式为produce，意为“生产；制造”6.Hehasspentallhislifeontheresearchanddevelopmentofbetterriceplants.他一生都在研究和开发更好的水稻。spend时间/金钱onsthspend时间/金钱doingsth.development作名词，意为“发展”。withthedevelopmentof意为“在…发展下，随着…的发展”。形容词为developing“发展中的”和developed“发达的”。【举一反三】(1)Fillinthequestionnaire(调查问卷)withyourowninformationtoseeifyourfavouritecolour______yourcharacteristics.A.continues B.develops C.matches D.forms(2)Nowadaysschoolsshouldcareforthefull_________ofastudent’stalents.A．satisfaction B．development C．munication D．preparation(3)Withthe__ofsociety,ourenvironmentisgettingworse.Soweshoulddowhatwecan___it．A.develop;protectB.developing;toprotectC.development;protectD.development;toprotect(4)Itisimportantto_________goodstudyskills.A.decideB.discoverC.exploreD.develop(5)YuanLongpinghasspentallhislife________theresearchandthe________ofthericeplants.A.to;developedB.on;developmentC.in;developingD.on;todevelop【练一练】一、单项选择1．—Howmanymembersarethereinyoursportsclub?—Seventhisterm,butnexttermtherewillbetwenty________.A．atleast B．atpresent C．atall D．atonce2．Tomakegooduseofthenewrobot,you’dbetterlookthroughthe________first.A．instruction B．instrument C．production D．invention3．—Peter,whatwillyoudonextSundaymorning?—I________footballwithmyclassmatesontheplayground.A．play B．willplay C．amplaying D．played4．—Couldyoupleasetellme________?—NextThursdaymorning.A．whenwevisitedthePalaceMuseum B．whendidwevisitthePalaceMuseumC．whenwewillvisitthePalaceMuseum D．whenwillwevisitthePalaceMuseum5．—It’shernewpainting,andIthinkitismorebeautifulthanheroldones.—Iagreewithyou.Herlatestpaintingisuptoherhighest________.A．purpose B．standard C．advantage D．wealth6．—Bob,you_________inthiscitysince2018.Howdoyoulikeit?—Excellent.Ilikelivinghereverymuch.A．lived B．live C