湖南省部分学校2024届高三8月开学考试英语试题

绝密★启用前

英语

考生注意：

1.答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号填写在试卷和答题卡上，并将考生号条形码粘

贴在答题卡上的指定位置。

2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需

改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。

写在本试卷上无效。

3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）

做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有2分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转

涂到答题卡上。

第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）

听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。

例：HoWmuchistheshirt?

A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.

答案是C。

1.Howwastheman,svacation?

A.Good.B.Boring..Terrible.

2.HowmanylinesaretheregoingtoParistomorrowmorning?

A.Four.B.Seven.C.Eight.

3.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?

A.Inacafe.B.Onaplane.C.Inanoffice.

4.WhatisMr.Oliverlike?

A.Polite.B.Patient.C.Frank.

5.WhatdoweknowaboutJane?

A.Sheisoftenlate.B.Sheisabaddriver.C.Shehateswaiting.

第二节（共15小题;每小题L5分,满分22.5分）

听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选

出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题

给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。

6.WhatdidMr.Liadvisethewomantodo?

A.Restartthecomputer.B.AccesstheInternet.C.Callarepairman.

7>Whatdoesthewomanwanttodoonthecomputer?

A.Playcomputergames.B.Sendsomeemails.C.Finishareport,

听第7段材料，回答第8、9题

8.Whydoesthewomancall?

A.Toaskthemantohelpher.B.Tocancelanappointment.C.Tomakeanapology.

A.At11:30、B.A:11:00.C.At10:30.

听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。

10.WhathappenedtoLucy?

A.Sheatetoomuch.

B.Shedid∏,thavebreakfast.

C.Shestayeduplatethenightbefore.

11.WhatdidLucyusuallyhaveinthemorning?

A.FruitB.Noodles.C.Bread.

12.WhatwillthemandoforLucy?

A、breakfastforher.

B.Calladoctorforher.

C.Ringherupeverymorning.

听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。

13.Howdoesthewomanfindskiing?

A.It,sexciting.B.It,sdifficult.C.It,sdangerous.

14.Whydoclubmembersputonshows?

A.Topracticeskills.B.Tohavefun.C.Toattractvisitors.

15.Whatdoesthewoman,sfatherdo?

A.Aboss.B.A.soientist.C.Askier.

16.Whatdoesthewomanthinkofthesnowmakingmachine?

A.Itmaycausepollution,B.It,sawasteofmoney,C.It,sanamazing

invention.

听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。

17.WhatdoweknowaboutPenny?

A.Sheisbrown.B.Sheislittle.ftC.Sheisaguidedog.

18.WhenwillPennybetested?

A.Intwomonths.B.Inthreemonths.C.Insixmonths.

19.Whichclasswillrespondtotheemails?-

A.Thecommunicationclass.B.Thespeechclass.C.Thegeographyclass.

20.Whatwillstudentsdoinlifeskillsclass?

A.Watchtheirbehavior,ʌB.LookafterPenny.C.Updatethewebsite

第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）

第一节（共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项

涂黑。

A

NewZealandiswellknownforeducation.Thefollowingaresomeofitsuniversities:

UniversityofAuckland

With30,000full-timestudents,and10,000distantlearners,itisthelargest

universityinNewZealand.Establishedin1883,itisalsooneoftheoldestones.It

isrankednumberoneinthecountry,andamongthetop236universitiesworldwide.It

consistsof7campusesaltogetherthatspreadacrossAuckland.Eachcampusoffersspecific

coursesindifferentareasofstudy.

UniversityofOtago

Establishedin1869inOtago,theuniversitycontinuestoofferthebest

educationalpractices,asapartofits150-year-oldlegacy.Withthelongesthistory

inNewZealand,itranksamongthetoptwouniversitiesofNewZealand,andamongthe

top309universitiesintheworld.AlthoughtheUniversityjsmaincamousisinDunedin,

italsohasanotherfourcampusesinothercities.Thetheuniversity,andthousands

applyeveryyear.

UniversityofCanterbury

ChereasontojoinCanterburyUniversityisthefactthatitisrankedasthethird

bestuniversityofNewZealand,andamongthetop450universitiesintheworld.

Foundedin1893,theuniversityconsistsofmainlyfivecollegesordepartments.The

universityoffersmorethan100qualificationsfromundergraduatetodoctorallevels

inaround80differentsubjectareas.

MasseyUniversity

ItissituatedinPalmerstonNorth,butitscampusesarespreadacrossAuckland,

Albany,ManawatuandWellington.Establishedin1927,itranksamongthetopfour

universitiesofNewZealand,andtop531universitiesintheworld.Theuniversityis

aheavenforinternationalstudentsasmorethan3,000studentsfromaround100

countriesstudyhere.Italsooffersdistanteducationprogramsthroughwhicharound

13,000studentsfromallovertheworldhavejoinedtheinstitution.

21.WhatcanweknowabouttheUniversityofOtago?

A.ItprovidesDoctor,sdegree.

B.ItistheoldestoneinNewZealand.

C.IthasthemoststudentsinNewZealand.

D.Itrequiresstudentstoenrollinitsmaincampus.

22.Whichisconsideredtobethebestchoiceforinternationalstudents?

A.MasseyUniversity.、B.UniversityofOtago.

C.UniversityofCanterbury.D.UniversityofAuckland.

23.Whatdoallthefouruniversitieshaveincommon?

A.Theyhavemorethanonecampus.

B.Theyhaveahistoryofoveracentury.

C.Theyofferspecificcoursesinallareas.

D.Theyareamongthetopuniversitiesinthecountry.

B

ThomasAndrewswasborninBelfastin1813,sonofamerchant.Hewasdescribed>as

“amodest,silentboywithagreatcapacityforgeneralknowledge”.Hehadpublished

thefirstofhismanyscientificpapersinthePhilosophicalMagazineentitled“Onthe

actionofaflameurgedbytheblowpipeonotherflames“atage14.Shortlyafterthis

hissecondpublication“OnthedetectionofBarytaorStrontiawheninunionwith

Lime”appearedinthesamejournal.

Hestartedhisformalstudyofchemistryin1828atGlasgowUniversityunderThomas

ThomsonandcontinueditlaterinParis.ThereheworkedinthelaboratoriesofJ.B.

DumasandL.J.Thenard,wherehelearnedchemicalanalysisfromthesemostdistinguished

Frenchanalyticalchemists.ReturningtoDublin,hetookaB.A.degreeatTrinity

CollegeDublinbeforecompletinghismedicalstudiesinEdinburgh.At23hebecamea

physicianinBelfast,aswellasprofessorofchemistryattheBelfastAcademical

Institute.Hismedicalcommitmentsinthenexttenyearsmean

hehadlittletimeforexperimentationbuthestillmanagedtopublishanumberof

scientificpapers,

WhentheQueen,sCollegeopenedin1845,hebecameitsfirstprofessorof

chemistry,aswellasitsVice-President.Asanoutstandingexperimentalist,he

wasthefirsttoshowthatozoneisanotherformofoxygen.Usingnarrow-bore,

thickglasscapillarytubes（毛名田管），tocontaingasesunderextremeconditionsof

temperatureandpressure,hewasabletoshowthatBoyle,SLawdidcritical

pressure>Hisdiscoveriesledtotheliquefactionofallgases,someofwhichhad

previouslybeenthoughtnottobeabletoexistrasliquids.Internationally

recognized,hewaselectedtomanyofScience.

24.WhatcanbeknownaboutteenageThomasAndrews?

A.HewasafaithfulreaderofPhilosophicalMagazine.

B、HewasnationalIyfamous.

C.Hehadstronginterestinscience.

D.Hewasexcellentineverysubject.

25.WhdidAndrewsgotoParis?

A.Tocompleteoneofhispapers.B.TolearnfromFrenchscientists.

C、ToearnaB.A.degreeinchemistry.D.Tofurtherhismedicalstudies.

26.WhyisBoyle,SLawmentionedinthelastparagraph?

A.Toanalyseaphenomenon.B.Todemonstrateanoldtheory.

C.TointroduceAndrews,discovery.D.Toillustrateachemistryexperiment.

27.Whichistherightorderofthefollowingevents?

a.ThomasAndrewsbecameaphysicianinBelfast.

b.ThomasAndrewspublishedhisfirstpaperinamagazine.

c.ThomasAndrewsstudiedchemistryatGlasgowUniversity.

d.ThomasAndrewswasappointedVice-PresidentoftheQueen,sCollege.

A.d-a-b-cB.b-a-d-eC.d-b-a-cD.b-c-a-d

C

Whenpeanutsaredroppedintoaglassofbeer,theysinktothebottombefore

floatingupand“dancing“intheglass.Scientistsinvestigatedthisprocessina

studyanvolvingthealcoholicdrinkbeer.Theresearchhelpedthemunderstand

mineralextraction（提炼）ormagma（岩浆）inthelayerofEarthcalledthecrust.

BrazilianresearcherLuizPereiratoldthemediathathefirsthadtheidea

whenpassingthroughArgentina,ScapitalBuenosAirestolearnSpanish.Itwas

commonforbarkeeperstotakeafewpeanutsanddropthemintobeers.Becausethe

peanutsaredenser（密度大的）thanthebeer,theyfirstsinktothebottomofthe

glass.Theneachpeanutbecomeswhatiscalleda“nucleationsite”.Hundredsof

tinybubbles（气泡）ofC02formontheirsurface.Thebubblesactasfloatation

devicesthatcarrythepeanutsupwardThebubblesprefertoformonthepeanuts

ratherthanontheglass.Whenthebubblesreachthesurface,theyburst.The

peanutssinkagainbeforenewlyformedbubblessendthepeanutsupagain.Likea

dancemovement,thepeanutscontinuesinkingandfloatinguntiltheCO2runsout,

orsomeonedrinksthebeer.

Intheexperiments,theteamofresearchersexaminedheypeanutsactedinthe

ubeer-gas-peanutsystemn.Theyfoundthelargertheucontactangle---between

thecurveofanindividualbubbleandthesurfaceofthepeanut,themorelikelyit

willgrow.Butitcannotgrowtoomuch---lessthan1.3millimetersacrossisbest.

Pereirasaidhehopedthatbydeeplyresearchingthissimplesystem,wecould

understandasystemthatwouldbeusefulforindustryorexplainingnatural

processes.Forexample,thefloatationprocessissimiIartotheoneusedto

separateironfromore.Airisaddedintoamixtureinwhichamineral,suchas

iron,willrisebecausebubblesattachthemselvesmoreeasilytoit,whileother

mineralssinktothebottom.Thesameprocesscanalsoexplainwhyvolcano

scientistsfindthatthemineralmagnetiterisestohigherlayersinEarth,scrust

thanexpected.

28.WhendidLuizPereirafirstnoticepeanutsdancinginaglassofbeer?

A.Earlyinhischildhood.B.Duringoneofhisexperiments.

C.Onhiswaytostudyabroad.D.Whenhefirstthrewpeanutsintoaglass

ofbeer.

29.Whatcausesthepeanutstofloattothetopofthebeer?

A.Theirspecialsurface.B.Thebubblesontheirsurface.

C.Theirreactionwiththebeer.D.Thebubblesexistingatthebottomof

thebottle.

3Q.Whatismainlytalkedaboutthebeer-gas-peanutsystem“inthelastparagraph?

A.Itsfeature.B.Itsprinciple.C.ItsprocessD.Itssignificance.

31.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.WhyPeanuts“Dance“WhenDroppedinBeer

B.BrazilianResearchersFoundPeanutsDroppedinBeer

C.TheFunctionofCO2inBeer

D.ThePrincipleinMineralExtraction

D

Inmostcases,peoplepicktheeasywayout:thepathofleastresistance.Yet

it,sthehardchoice----thepathofmostresistance----thatismorebeneficialand

providesmostsuccessinthelongrun.

Howdothesepathsdiffer?Whatarethedangersofaneasylife?Whatarethe

rewardsofahardlife?Howdoyoustarttakingthepathofmostresistance?Let,s

coverallthesequestions.

Takingthepathofleastresistancemeanschoosingtheeasiestavailableoption,

withlittleregardforitslong-termconsequences.Forexample,youeatwhatever

youlike,wheneveryoulike,andinwhateveramountyoulike.Thisisoftencombined

withavoidingphysicalactivitybecauseit,stooexhaustinganduncomfortable.It

mayfeelniceatfirstbutallthatindulgencehasaveryhighprice.Inthatcase,

it,sguaranteedbeingfat>Mostpeopleinthemodernworldfollowthispath,and

thisiswhysomanypeoplestrugglewithanackofself-discipline,goodhabits,

etc.

Thepathofmostresistanceisaboutchoosingtheoptionthatwillleadtomore

personalgrowth,evenifitmeanssufferingintheearlystagesoftheprocess.For

example,itmaycostyoualottoquitwatchingTVforhoursonend.Butoverthe

longterm,you,11freeupalotoftimethatwillleadtoamoresatisfyinglife

thanthatofacouchpotato.

Atfirstsight,thisapproachisunappealing.Itrequireseffort,lossof

pleasure,andleadstopotentialsufferingYet,ontheothersideofallthatlies

aworldofmoreconfidence,self-disciplineandmentalrecovery.Intheend,they

domorethanjustmakingupforthefleetingsuperficialpleasures.

We,relazybynature.Ifwecandosomethingmoreeasilyandcomfortably,we,11

alwayschoosethatpathovertheonethat,sharder.Thistendencyisanextremely

powerfulforce,evenwhenscientificresearchmakesitclearthatit,sbadforus.

32.Whatisthepurposeofthequestionsinparagraph2?

A.Tointroducethecontent.B.Toexplainaphenomenon.

C.Tosharetheissuesrelated.D.Tocommentontheeasy-pathchoice.

33.WhiChisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword“indulgence”inparagraph3?

A.Aseriousweaknessofhumans.B.Adecisionwithoutfullinformation.

C.Ahabitofactingtopleasures.D.Achoicemadewithcarefulthinking.

34.Accordingtotheauthor,whatleadstopeople,Sbeingfat?

A.Theirlackofexercise.

B.Theirlowlevelofself-discipline.

C.Theconsumptionoftoomuchfatandsugar.

D.Theabnormaldevelopmentofsociety.

35.Whichofthefollowingrepresentsthepathofmostresistance?

A.Oversleepingonweekends.

B、Takingyourfavouritesportregularly.

C.Quittingawell-paidjobandtakingalow-paidone.

D.Eatingsomethingyoudisliketobalanceyourdiet.

第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂

黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。

HowtoSurviveaFlood:FloodSafetyTips

Floodingisacommonnaturaldisasterintheworld.Itisusuallycausedby

heavyorsuddenrainfall.Reviewthefollowingfloodsafetyguidelinestoknowwhat

youshoulddotoincreaseyourchancesofsurvival.

36Ifyouliveinanareathatisoftenflooded---orevenifyoudon,t----it,sa

goodideatobepreparedfortheworst.

Paycloseattentiontoofficialfloodingupdates.Andknowthedifferencebetween

aflood“watch"and“warning”.37Butafloodwarningmeansfloodingisalready

occurringorwilloccursoon.Inthiscase,youshouldbepreparedtoleaveata

moment,snotice.

Haveanemergencysurvivalkitonhand.38TThingssuchaswater,food,a

flashlight,

Beawarethatflashfloodingcanoccur.39Donotwaitforinstructionsto

move.Whenafloodwarningisissuedforyourarea,leave.Headforhigherground

andstaythereuntilyouaretoldthattheareaissafe.

Donotwalkthroughmorningwater.Sixinchesofmovingwatercansweepyouoff

yourfeet.Ifyouhavetowalkinwater,walkwherethewaterisnotmoving.40

Turnaround,anddon,tdrown!Ifyoucomeuponaflowingstreamwherewateris

aboveyourankles,stop,turnaroundandgoanotherway.Peopleoftenunderestimatethe

forceandpowerofwater.

A.Makepreparationsinadvance.

B.Actually,thesetwowordsarequitedifferent.

C.That,swhythemovingwaterisdangerous.

D.Itshouldbefilledwithatleastthreedaysofsupplies.

E.Afloodwatchmeansafloodispossibleinyourarea.

F.Useasticktocheckthefirmnessofthegroundinfrontofyou.

G.Ifthereispossibilityofsuchaflood,moveatoncetohigherground.

第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）

阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳

选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

Onedaymybestfriendaccompaniedmetothebusstationandtherehappenedto

beonebusatthestationreadytoleave.Wewavedandcrossedtheroad.BeforeI

gotonthebus,mybestfriendhadtotakesomethingfrommybag.Iwassurprised

thattheconductorwas41enoughtowaitwithouturgingmetohurryupasother

conductors42do.Therefore,hisbehaviorcaughtmy43andIwasangagedbyhim.

Westartedtokingoffandtheconductorbegan44thepassengers.Mostofthe

peoplewerepassengersaboutthebigmoneynotes,butnotawordofcomplaintcame

outfromhismouth.He.justasceptedthebignotesandtriedtofindchangefor

them.IhadplannedtogivehimalargenotebecausethecoinsIhadwerevery

hardtoreach,butI48thatidea.

SoonInoticedhehadaproblemwithhisfeet,makinghimlook49.Thiseven

touchedmyheartmorebecausemostdisabledpeopleareoftenin50mode.Theyare

alwaysmoodyandunkindinordertomaintaintheir51.Thisoneinparticular

really52meandleftmewithasmileyheart.

Complainingisusuallynotagood53,whichmakesthingsworse,notbetter.

Iwas54bythisconductorthatcomplainingisawasteofenergy.Itwouldbe

bettertochoosetoacceptthefactandtostaycalm.Thatwill55youandpeople

aroundyou.

41.A.honestB.enthusiasticC.patientD.responsible

42.A.formallyB.eventuallyC.suddenlyD.usually

43.A.attentionB.breathC.thoughtD.imagination

44.A.observingB.chargingC.guidingD.inviting

45.A.ConsideringVB.RealizingC.ClaimingD.Expecting

46.A.appealB.complainC.explainD.turn

47.A.bravelyB.awkwardlyC.kindlyD.secretly

48.A.gaveupB.putforwardC.stucktohD.jumpedat

49.A.attractiveB.flexibleC.familiarD.different

50.A.virtualB.confidentC.defensiveD.optimistic

51.A.positionB.dignityC.appearanceD.reputation

52.A.interruptedB.challengedC.impressedD.stimulated

53.A.reviewB.connectionC.operationsD.policy

54.A.disciplinedB.remindedC.requestedD.guaranteed

55.A.benefitB.followC.controlD.disturb

第二节(共10小题；每小题L5分，满分15分)

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并将答案填写在答

题卡上。

Nakedmarriage(裸婚)referstoamarriagewithoutacar,ahouse,aweddingring

56evenaweddingparty.Thecouplejustgetsregisteredatthegovernmentoffice.

Marriage57(regard)asacardinalissuesinceancienttimes.However,nakedmarriage

hasbecomethemostfashionableweddingstyleforthosewhowerebornafter581

1980s.

UnlikethetraditionalChineseviewofmarriage,youngpeopletodayplacemore

emphasis59independenceandmarriagefreedom,sotheimportanceofaweddingparty

is,760,(significant)weakened.Meanwhile,aperson,smaritalStatUS(婚姻状况)is

consideredtobeoneofthemostimportant61(aspect)ofprivacy.

WhydoyoungChinesepeopleprefernakedmarringenowadays?Theremaybelots

ofreasons,ofthepursuanceofpurelove.Theybelieveahappymarriagehasnothing

todowithaceremoniousweddingparty.Aslongasyouchoosetherightperson64

(marry),youwillenjoyhappinessthewholelifewithorwithoutaweddingparty.

Thesociologistsstatethatnakedmarriageisworth65(advocate)stronglyamong

youngpeoplebecauseitdemonstratescivilizationandprogress.

第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）

第一节（满分15分）

假定你是学生会主席李华。你校将于下个月举行英语诗歌朗诵比赛，请给你校外教

Crystal