2023北京北师大实验中学高三12月月考英语

2023北京北师大实验中学高三12月月考英语笔试（共三部分100分）第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）Robmadeendsmeetforhisfamilyasahandyman,doingoddjobsaroundthearea.Butthoseoddjobsquicklydriedupduetoafinancialcrisis.Thenhelosthisapartment.This__1__hisfamilyintorentingamotelroom.“Wehavetopayrenteveryday,andI’mrunning__2__onmoney,”Robsaid.So,the__3__handymantooktothestreetswithasignthatread:“Handyman,25yearsexp.Needwork.”Robwasn’taskingformoneyorlookingforahandoutbutratherforanopportunitytoearnhis__4__.Robstoodonthesideofthehighwayholdinghissignforaweek.Thetemperatureswerescorching(灼热的)buthe__5__thehotsuneachdayinthehopesoffindingwork.Someonetookaphotoofhimand__6__itonsocialmedia!Kyle,theownerofGreenstarHomeRemodeling,sawRob’sphotoonline.Andhedecidedtoofferthehandymanachancetohelphimgetbackonhisfeet.KylebroughtRobontohelpwithsomedemolition(拆除的)work.Robdidn’tevenaskhowmuchthejobpaid.Hejustshowedup.“I__7__outasapainter,andthenIbecamealandscaper—roofing—whateverIcouldmakemoneyat,”thehandymanexplained.Rob__8__intendstoputhisallintoworkingforKyleforaslongasKylehasjobsforhim.AndafterseeingRob’sdedicationand__9__,Kyleiswillingtodoallhecantohelpthemanbuildabrighterfuture.Sometimesallsomeoneneedsistobegivena__10__.1.A.fooled B.forced C.frightened D.persuaded2.A.deep B.free C.hard D.short3.A.careless B.homeless C.unwilling D.unemployed4.A.fame B.time C.living D.place5.A.braved B.escaped C.expected D.enjoyed6.A.leaked B.checked C.shared D.clicked7.A.reached B.started C.dropped D.hung8.A.fully B.hardly C.possibly D.casually9.A.drive B.honesty C.creativity D.interest10.A.lesson B.choice C.challenge D.chance第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。AIfyou’relookingforauniqueadventure,theSpaceandAviationCenter(SAC)istheplacetobe.TheCenterprovidestrainees__11__programsdesignedtochallengeandinspire.Morethan750,000havegraduatedfromSAC,withmany__12__(seek)employmentinengineering,aviation,education,medicineandawidevarietyofotherprofessions.Theycometocamp,wantingtoknow__13__itisliketobeanastronautorapilot,andtheyleavewithreal-worldapplicationsforwhatthey’restudyingintheclassroom.Withalltheprograms,teamworkiskeyastraineeslearntheimportanceofleadershipandbeingpartofabiggertask.BFacedwithemploymentpressures__14__(bring)byarecordnumberofcollegegraduatesandtheepidemicsituation,governmentsandschoolsaremullingoveraseriesofmovestohelpstudentsfindjobs.Acollegegraduaterecruitmentweek__15__(launch)onMondaytoexpandemploymentopportunitiesandhelpgraduatesovercomeemploymentchallengescausedbytheepidemic.Theeventbeganbothonlineandin-personinBeijingandChongqing,andtheprovincesofHenan,Jilin,ShandongandYunnan.Thein-personjobfairsareexpected__16__(provide)morethan600,000positions,whiletheonlineemploymentservicewilloffermorethan800,000jobvacancies,accordingtotheministry.CThefactthathumanslivelongerthaneverbeforecutsbothways,becausethemoretimewespendontheplanet,themorethingscangodisorderedinour__17__(body)andourminds.It’saparticularchallengeforneurologists__18__wanttokeepourbrainshealthy.Fordecades,they__19__(try)tocreatedrugstoprevent,delayortreatcognitivedeclineinthe5millionolderAmericanswholivewithdementia.Amiraclepillremainshardtofind—butresearchershavemadeprogressinunderstandingnonpharmacologicalstrategiesthatmightkeepthebrain____20____(work)atclosetoitsyoungerpace.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。APartnersintheCommunityTheCommunityPoliceStation:ALocalPresenceThatMakesaDifferenceThecommunitypolicestationisproudtoannouncethatpoliceofficerJulieFrancoeurwillofferfreejudoclassesinlocalschools.SenseiJulieFrancoeur(judoinstructor)Apoliceofficerforsevenyears,andablackbeltinjudo,Juliehaspractisedthesportsincetheageofsix.Shelovesthecontactshehaswithyouthinthecommunity.Inadditiontoteachingherstudentsthejudotechniquestoexcelatthesport,shealsosharesherknowledgeaboutahealthylifestyle(mindandbody)withherstudents.Judodevelopsself-disciplineandrespectforoneselfandothers.“Judocreatesstrength,balanceandrespect”“Atthebeginning,manystudentsfindtheprogramverychallenging.Together,studentsandinstructordiscusstheimportanceofincreasingtheirfitnesslevelsthroughexerciseandawell-balanced,varieddiet.Adisciplinedlifestyleisimportanttoo:regularpracticeisthekeytosuccessinjudo.Itisimpossibletoachieveexcellenceincompetitionwithoutacommitmenttoahealthylifestyle.”21.Theinformationunderthesubheading“SenseiJulieFrancoeur”summarizesthe________.A.scheduleofclasses B.instructor’sbackgroundC.skillsstudentswilllearn D.secretsofsuccess22.InJoel’stestimonial,“self-discipline”refersto________.A.self-respect B.punishmentC.regularpractice D.healthyenthusiasm23.Thescheduleisincludedintheposterbecauseit________.A.describestheactivitiesinthejudoclassesB.repeatsinformationaboutthejudoclassesC.giveslessimportantinformationaboutthejudoclassesD.providesadditionalinformationaboutthejudoclassesBPeoplearemotivatedtodoactivitiesbymanydifferentfactors.Formethemainfactorsthatareinvolvedarecompetition,thesatisfactionofcompletingprojects,andenjoyment.SinceIamatwin,asenseofcompetitionisdeeprootedinmybrain.Healthycompetitioncanpushustodofantasticthings.Itmakesusstriveforacertaingoalandgetsustodothingsfaster.However,Idonotthinkcompetitionshouldbecomeharmful.Whenanger,frustration,anddepressionisaresultofcompetition,itisnothealthy.Yet,competitioncanbringaboutrespect,friendship,andmutualgain.Inthecasewithmytwinbrother,wehavepushedourselvestobegoodatsports,music,school,andevenatwork.Thiscompetitivespirithasleakedintomylifewithoutmytwinaround.Inasense,Ireproducemytwinbrotherinotherpeople.IalwaystrytobenumberoneatwhateverIdo—oratleastinthetopthree.Therearetimesthisattitudebecomesunhealthy,asIgetfrustratedifIgiveeverythingtoacompetitionoractivityandproduceonlyaverageresults.Butastheyearspassed,Ihavegottenbetterathandlingfailureanddefeat.Allinall,IthinkIfinishanddowellinmanyareasofmylifeforthesimplefactthatIwanttodowellinthem.Thefeelingofdoingwellagainstcompetentopponentsissatisfying.Ienjoythefeelingofcompletinganimportantproject.Forinstance,lastyear,Ifinishedapoetrycollectionwithmylatefather’spoemsandmyownpoems.Itwasanhonortohimandhiswork.Inaway,Ifeltthathisdeathwasnotinvainandthathisworkwasprovedevenmorethroughthiscollection.Itishardtodescribethemomentofknowingwhensuchanimportantprojectissettorest:itisalmostlikeyouarereadytodie.Yousensethatachapterofyourlifehasclosedandyouarenowanewperson.Thesedeepemotionsmotivatemetocompleteprojectsonaregularbasis.Thesimplestfactorthatmotivatesmetodosomethingisenjoyment.Therearepeoplewhodoactivitiestheydonotenjoyfordecades.Iamnotoneofthosepeople.IcanworkontasksIdonotlikeforawhile,butintheend,mymainfocusshouldbeonsomethingthatIenjoy.IfIfindjoyindoingacertainwork,Iengageinitforalargepartoftheday,orevenalldaywithouttiring.Tirednessinmostcases,inmylife,isduetoalackofenjoymentintheworkbeingdone.Eachpersonhashisorherownmotivatingfactors.Ihopethisreflectionhasallowedyoutodipdeeperintoyourtruenature.24.Bythepoetrycollection,theauthorintendsto________.A.describethesenseofachapterofhisnewlifeB.honorhisfatherandhimselfforyearstocomeC.appreciatethesatisfactionofcompletingprojectsD.allowhisfathertorestandgethimselftoreadytodie25.Whatattitudedoestheauthortaketowardstasks?A.Heusuallylacksenjoymentinthetasksbeingdone.B.Hefeelsangry,frustratedanddepressedinhistasks.C.Heenjoysthetasksthatotherpeoplearereluctanttodo.D.Heworkswithouttirednessifhetakespleasureintasks.26.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.Motivation B.Competition C.Reflection D.SatisfactionCDoyoulistentoquietmusictohelpyouwinddownbeforesleep?However,thispracticecouldbecounter-productive,accordingtoanewstudybyMichaelK.ScullinandcolleaguesatBaylorUniversity.Thework,publishedinPsychologicalMedicine,foundthatbedtimemusicwasassociatedwithmoresleepdisruptionsandthatinstrumentalmusicisevenworsethanmusicwithlyrics.Inthefirststudy,199onlineparticipantslivingintheUSreportedontheirsleepqualityandmusiclisteningfrequencyandtiming,aswellastheirbeliefsabouthowthisaffectedtheirsleep.Almostall—87%—believedthatmusicimprovessleep,oratleastdoesnotdisruptit.However,theteamfoundthatmoreoveralltimespentlisteningtomusicwasassociatedwithpoorersleepanddaytimesleepiness.Justoverthreequartersoftheparticipantsalsoreportedexperiencingfrequent“earworms”—havingasongortune“stuck”andreplayingintheirminds.Aquarterreportedexperiencingtheseduringthenightatleastonceperweek,andthesepeopleweresixtimesaslikelytoreportpoorsleepquality.Theteam’sanalysissuggestedthatlisteningspecificallytoinstrumentalmusicnearbedtimewaslinkedtomoresleep-relatedearwormsandpoorersleepquality.Theteamthenrananexperimentalstudyon48youngadults.Afterarrivingatthesleeplabat8:45p.m.,participantswenttoaquietbedroom,wheretheycompletedquestionnairesthatincludedmeasuresofstress,sleepqualityanddaytimesleepiness.Theyalsohadelectrodesapplied,readyforthenight-timepolysomnographytorecordtheirbrainwaveactivity,aswellasheartrateandbreathing,andreportedonhowrelaxed,nervous,energetic,sleepyandstressedtheyfelt.At10:00p.m.,theyweregivensome“downtime”,withquietmusicplaying.Halfwererandomisedtohearthreesongswhiletheotherhalfheardinstrumental-onlyversionsofthesesamesongs.Participantsreporteddecreasesinstressandnervousnessandincreasedrelaxationafterlisteningtoeithersetofsongs,andalsoshoweddecreasesinbloodpressure.So—asearlierstudieshavealsosuggested—quietmusicatbedtimewasindeedrelaxingatthetime.However,aquarteroftheparticipantswokefromsleepwithanearworm,andthepolysomnographydatashowedthatinstrumentalversionsofthesongsweremorelikelytoinducetheseawakeningsaswellasothersleepdisruptions,suchasshiftsfromdeepersleeptolightersleep.Takentogether,thefindingsrepresent“causalevidenceforbedtimeinstrumentalmusicaffectingsleepqualityviatriggeringearworms,”theteamwrites.Whyinstrumental-onlysongsshouldhaveabiggerimpactthanmusicwithlyricsisn’tclear.Thethreesongsusedinthisstudywerechosenbecausetheywerelikelytobefamiliar.Hearingthemwithoutthelyricsmighthavepromptedtheparticipant’sbrainstotrytoaddthewords,whichmighthavemadeearwormsmorelikely.Ifthisisthecase,allinstrumentalmusicmaynothavethesameeffect.However,thedatafromthefirststudyisconsistentwiththeideathatinstrumentalmusicgenerallyismoreofaproblem.27.Accordingtothepassage,theparticipantsinbothstudies_________.A.wererequiredtolistentolightmusicB.felttheirsleepingproblemsresolvedC.hadtheirsleepingqualitymonitoredD.providedfeedbackonbedtimemusic28.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“induce”inParagraph4probablymean?A.Leadto. B.Impacton. C.Breakin. D.Focuson.29.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Earwormsaremainlycausedbymusicwithlyrics.B.Bedtimemusicleadstohighbloodpressureandanxiety.C.Quietmusicimprovessleepingqualitywhileloudmusicharmssleep.D.Bothfamiliarandunfamiliarinstrumentalmusiccancausesleepingproblems.30.Thepassageismainlyabout_________.A.howinstrumentalmusicdisturbssleepB.thepossiblenegativeeffectofbedtimemusicC.howpeoplecanimprovetheirsleepqualityD.differencesbetweenmusicwithandwithoutlyricsDIwasattheGatheringforScienceinBoston,on22April2017,aswere70,000otherscientists.Weweretheretostandupforfactsandtruth.Wherearethecrowdsofscientistsnow?Sincethen,harmsfromsciencedenialhaveonlyincreased:globalsufferinghasgrownowingtoinactiononclimatechange,andsomeepidemicshaverisenalongwithvaccineskepticism.I’vebeenouttheretalkingtothesciencedeniers,andI’veaskedmyscientistfriendstocomewithme.“Thosepeoplejustaren’tworthtalkingto,”they’llsay.“Iwouldn’tmakeadifferenceanyway.”That’swrong.Thosepeoplecananddochangetheirminds,althoughitrequiressomeonetoputinthetimetoovercomedistrust.Tobesure,manyexpertshavelaunchedthemselvesagainstmisinformation,enduringabuseonsocialmediaandeventhreatstotheirsafety.Butwhenscientiststurndownmyinvitations,it’snotbecauseoffear.Mostoften,theirexcusesaregroundedinthe“backfireeffect”,aquestionable2010findingthatpeoplesometimesembracemisconceptionsmorestronglywhenfacedwithcorrectiveinformation,implyingthatpushingbackagainstfalsehoodsiscounter-productive.Eventheresearcherswhoseresultswereexaggeratedtopopularizethisideadonotembraceitanymore,andarguethatthetruechallengeislearninghowbesttotargetcorrectiveinformation.Infact,evidenceisgrowingthatrebuttalscanbeeffective.Sciencedeniersalldrawonthesameflawedreasoningtechniques:cherry-pickingevidence,relyingonfakeexperts,andengaginginillogicalreasoning.Alandmark2019studyshowedthatcritiquingtheflawedtechniquescancontainthespreadofmisinformation.Sohowdoes“techniquerebuttal”workinpractice?ArnaudGagneurandhiscolleaguesattheUniversityofSherbrookeconductedmorethan1,00020-minuteinterviewsinwhichtheylistenedtonewparents’concernsaboutvaccinationsandansweredtheirquestions.Thoseparents’childrenwere9%morelikelytoreceiveallthevaccinesontheschedulethanwerethoseofuninterviewedparentswhosebabiesweredeliveredinthesamematernityward.Onemothertoldhim,“It’sthefirsttimethatI’vehadadiscussionlikethis,andIfeelrespected,andItrustyou.”Itisself-evidentinsciencecommunicationthatyoucannotconvinceasciencedenierwithfactsalone;mostsciencedeniersdon’thavealackofinformation,butalackoftrust.Sowhatshouldscientistsdo?Evennon-expertscanusetechniquerebuttal.Ageologistcanengageaneighborwhoisvaccinehesitant.Aproteinbiologistcancoachanauntorunclewhowants“moreevidence”thatclimatechangeisreal.Insteadofshiftingtomorecomfortableconversations,engageinrespectfulexchange.Ifyouspendmoretimeaskingquestionsthanofferingexplanations,peoplewillbemorelikelytopayattentiontotheexplanationsthatyoudooffer.31.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.TheGatheringforScienceaddressedonlineabuse.B.Thesilenceofscientistsworsensharmfromsciencedenial.C.Ineffectivevaccinesspeedupthespreadofsomeepidemics.D.Theauthor’sfriendsfinditvaluabletotalkwithsciencedeniers.32.Accordingtothepassage,the“backfireeffect”________.A.suggestscautionbeforecorrectingothersB.emphasizestheeffectivenessofrebuttalsC.resultsfromflawedreasoningtechniquesD.enjoyswidesupportintheacademicfield33.Thelasttwoparagraphssuggestthat________.A.theinterviewedparentsagreedtovaccinationduetothesufficiencyoftheinformationB.geologistsandproteinbiologistsneedtomakesuretheconversationsarecomfortableC.scientistsareencouragedtolistencarefullyandaskquestionsduringinteractionD.scientistsshouldteachnon-expertshowtoconductrespectfulexchanges34.Inwritingthispassage,theauthoraimsto_________.A.expressconcernsformisinformationB.analyzetherootcauseofsciencedenialC.advocateemployingtechniquerebuttalD.presenttheproblemsscientistsencounter第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。TheScienceofFearHomealoneatnight,youhearaloudcrash.Inaninstantyourheartstartsracing,yourmusclestenseandyourbreathquickens.Youareimmediatelyalert,preparedtofightorfleethesourceofthesound,whichturnsouttobeapileofbooksfallingoffthatshelfyou’vebeenmeaningtofix.__35__Fearisoneofourstrongestandmostbasicemotions.It’sabigbadworldoutthere,andbeingafraidofcertainthingsprotectsusfrompotentialdangertomakesurewesurvive.Someevolutionaryfearsarehard-wiredintoourbrains,butwecanalsodevelopnewfearsthroughoutourlives.Aschildrenwepickuponwhatmakesourparentsanxious,andwemayalsolearntofearcertainthingsafternegativeexperiences.__36__Wecanenjoytheviewfromthetopofaskyscraperratherthanworryaboutfalling,orturnoutthelightssafeintheknowledgethatawolfwon’tswallowusinthenight.However,peoplewithphobiashaveanextremefearresponsethatcausesbothphysicalandpsychologicalsuffering.__37__Agoraphobiaisgenerallyreferredtoasthefearofopenspaces,butitappliestothedreadofanysituationthatisdifficulttoescapefrom,orwherehelpwouldnotbeavailableifsomethingwentwrong.Socialphobiaistheintensefearofinteractingwithpeopleorperforming,whilespecificphobiasarethefearofaparticularsituation,activityorthing.__38__Somebodywithacrophobia—anextremefearofheights—mayexperienceapanicattacksimplytryingtowalkacrossabridge.Dependingonthecauseoftheirphobia,sufferersoftentrytheirbesttoavoidsituationsthatcouldaffectthem.__39__Forexample,somebodymaydevelopcynophobia—thefearofdogs—afterbeingbitten.Butwhetherthecauseisrational(理性的)orirrational,assoonasthebrainnoticesascarystimulus(刺激物),itactivatesthefight-or-flightresponse,thuspreparingthebodyforaction.A.Then,howcanitbeovercome?B.Theseirrationalfearscancausemajordisturbancetoeverydaylife.C.Butinthatmoment,yourbrainandbodyreactedasifyouwereinextremedanger.D.Despitethis,mostofusareabletoignoreourfearswhenit’sclearwearen’tinanyimmediatedanger.E.Ourbrainswarnusoftherisksthatmightlieahead,butthenweoftengetpreparedandovercomethem.F.Theseextremefearsaredividedintothreedifferentgroups:agoraphobia,socialphobiaandspecificphobias.G.Thecauseofphobiasisnotalwaysclear,butmanycasesarelinkedtoexperiencingorwitnessingunpleasantevents.第三部分书面表达（共两节，32分）第一节（第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。Tom,a15-year-oldinventorandentrepreneur(创业者),witnessedathisownschoolthewidespreadconsumptionofsugarydrinksbykids.Heknewtherehadtobeabetterportabledrink