科技英语的特点讲课版省公开课一等奖全国示范课微课金奖课件

1科技英语Ⅰ

EnglishforScienceandTechnologyemail:qiaokeli62397335@电话Q:229478584主讲人：王彩丽1-12周24课时第1页2课程教学目标

培养学生对科技英语语言了解能力和应用能力，让学生学会科技英语阅读必须技能和知识，使学生能够以英语为工具获取科技知识及其它相关信息。第2页3科技英语含义

不一样于普通英语；更不一样于文学英语；也不完全等同于专业英语；

EnglishforScienceandTechnology

专门服务于理工科专业和各行业科技人员。第3页4科技英语与其它英语区分文学英语：需了解美国文化背景，语言漂亮普通英语：以语法为根本，基础词汇科技英语：重视翻译技巧，严谨，忠于原

文，但不一定要直译，如:英文中被动句←→汉字中主动句。第4页5科技英语主要性国际间科技情报和资料交流；世界上科技杂志有六万各种，二分之一以上是英文刊物；各国科技人员学习需要；交流需要。第5页6本课程主要内容科技英语特点12课时科技英语中常见概念英译8课时科技英语翻译技巧4课时第6页7科技英语学习方法

科技英语阅读与普通英语快速阅读方法也有所不一样，科技英语阅读要把准确了解放在首位，在准确了解基础上提升阅读速度。和其它英语能力一样，科技英语阅读能力，需要经过长久实践才能取得，不可能一蹴而就，多读多练是提升科技英语阅读能力最有效方法。第7页81科技英语特点1.1科技英语特点概述

4课时1.2科技英语特殊语法现象

4课时1.3科技英语中一些惯用句型4课时第8页91.1科技英语

特点概述一、科技英语在词汇方面特点二、科技英语句法上特点三、科技英语修辞上特点第9页10科技英语基本特点为了了解科技英语特点，我们先阅读下面一段关于许用应力课文。

DespitethetestsdescribedinChapters11and12，materialsmaystillfailinservice，sometimeswithdisastrousresults(e.g.whenthefailureoccursinaircraft．bridges，ships，etc.).Totrytoavoidsuchdisastrousoccurring，thedesigneravoidsusingmaterialscontinuouslyattheirmaximumallowablestress.Thisisdonebyemployingafactorofsafety.Unfortunately，increasingthestrengthofacomponentintheinterestsofsafetynotonlyincreasestheinitialmaterialcosts，butalsotheoperatingcosts.Forexample，thestrongerandheavierthestructuremembersofanaircraft，thefewerpassengersitcancarryandthemorefuelitconsumes．Thereforeabalancehastobemaintainedbetweensafety，initialcostandoperatingcosts．Thedesignerisconstantlystrivingtoimprovetheformerwhilstreducingthelatter．第10页11Allowableworkingstressistakenasaproportionoftheyieldorproofstress；thatis，thecomponentisonlystressedwithinitselasticrangewheninservice．Forexample,considerthescrewedfasteningshowninFig.1.l.Whenthenutistightenednormallytheboltisstretchedslightlyand，providingitisstressedwithinitselasticrange，itwillbehavelikeaverypowerfulspringandwillpullthejointfacestogetherveryfirmly．第11页12IfthefasteningshowninFig.1.1isoverstressedbyapplyingexcesstorquetothenut(forexample，byextendingthelengthofthespannerwithatube)，theboltwillbestressedbeyonditselasticrange．Oncetheyieldstressforthebolthasbeenexceededitexhibitsplasticpropertiesandtakesapermanentsetthatis，itbecomespermanentlylengthened，the“springback”isseriouslyreducedandthejointfacesarenolongerheldfirmlytogether.Thusforcriticalassemblies，thedesignerwillseektocontrolthestressinthefasteningandassociatedcomponentsbyspecifyingthetorquetobeappliedtothenutasitistightenedbytheuseofa“torquespanner”settoaspecificvalue.第12页13IfthefasteningshowninFig.1.1isoverstressedbyapplyingexcesstorquetothenut(forexample，byextendingthelengthofthespannerwithatube)，theboltwillbestressedbeyonditselasticrange．Oncetheyieldstressforthebolthasbeenexceededitexhibitsplasticpropertiesandtakesapermanentsetthatis，itbecomespermanentlylengthened，the“springback”isseriouslyreducedandthejointfacesarenolongerheldfirmlytogether.Thusforcriticalassemblies，thedesignerwillseektocontrolthestressinthefasteningandassociatedcomponentsbyspecifyingthetorquetobeappliedtothenutasitistightenedbytheuseofa“torquespanner”settoaspecificvalue.第13页14

在文章结构方面，逻辑严谨，层次分明，复杂长句多；在用词方面，必定要用到专业术语和专业单词，以及词性变换多；在语法方面，非谓语动词多，较多地使用被动语态；另一个主要特点是采取图表等非语言原因表示思想。能够得出科技英语特点：第14页15★词性转换多英语单词有不少是多性词，如：Above■介词：aboveall(things)■形容词：fortheabovereason■副词：as(hasbeen)indicatedabove第15页16■副词：travellight轻装旅行lightcome,lightgo易得易失Light■名词：inthelightof因为，依据

highlight(s)强光，精华

safetylight安全指示灯■形容词：lightindustry轻工业lightroom空房间lightblue淡蓝第16页17一、科技英语在词汇方面特点①专业词汇出现率低；②词义专一；③多起源于拉丁语和希腊语；④广泛使用缩略语；⑤前后缀出现率高第17页18缩略语Abbreviation普通英语中缩略语：i.e.即，etc.等，co.企业；科技英语中缩略语多为单位名称、设备名称，仪器，方法，药剂等，普通在上下文中有原型。如：英国电气工程师学会InstitutionofElectricalEngineers简称IEE美国科学情报研究所InstituteforScientificInformation简称ISI核磁共振NuclearMagneticResonance简称NMR聚丙烯酰胺PolyacrylamidePAM第18页191.各种组织或机构缩略词

APEC(AsiaPacificEconomicCooperation)

亚太经贸合作组织IOC(InternationalOlympicCommittee)

国际奥林匹克委员会ISO(InternationalOrganizationforStandardization)

国际标准化组织OPEC(OrganizationofPetroleumExportingCountries)

欧佩克，石油输出国组织WTO(WorldTradeOrganization)世界贸易组织SOS村（SOSChildren’sVillage)

一个专门收养孤儿慈善机构第19页20太原理工大学？矿业工程学院？第20页21太原理工大学？矿业工程学院？TaiYuanUniversityofTechnology（tyut)CollegeofMiningTechnology第21页22

BBS(BulletinBoardSystem)电子布告栏系统或(BulletinBoardService)电子布告服务GPS(GlobalPositionSystem)全球定位系统GSM(GlobalSystemforMobileCommunications)全球移动通信系统CIMS(ComputerIntegratedManufacturingSystem)计算机集成制造系统DOS(DiscOperatingSystem)磁盘操作系统ITS(IntelligentTransportationSystem)智能交通系统NMD(NationalMissileDefense)国家导弹防御系统TMDE(Test,MeasureandDiagnosticEquipment)试验、测量与诊疗设备NASDAQ(NationalAssociationofSecuritiesDealersAutomatedQuotation)纳斯达克，<美>全国证券交易商自动报价系统协会2.表示各种系统缩略词第22页23CEO(ChiefExecutiveOfficer)首席执行官CFO(ChiefFinanceOfficer)首席财务官CIO(ChiefInformationOfficer)首席信息官COO(ChiefOperatingOfficer)首席运行官CTO(ChiefTechnologyOfficer)首席技术官CPA(CertifiedPublicAccountant)注册会计师MBA(MasterofBusinessAdministration)工商管理硕士MPA(MasterofPublicAdministration)公共管理硕士3.相关职务或学位缩略词第23页24

ATM(AutomatedTellerMachine)自动取款(出纳)机CBD(CentralBusinessDistrict)中央商务区GDP(GrossDomesticProduct)国内生产总值GNP(GrossNationalProduct)国民生产总值4.相关金融方面缩略词第24页25CET(CollegeEnglishTest)大学英语等级考试GRE(GraduateRecordExamination)

美国硕士入学考试PETS(PublicEnglishTestSystem)全国英语等级考试CETband4/6（CollegeEnglishTest)大学英语四六级考试5.相关考试方面缩略词第25页26AIDS(AcquiredImmuneDeficiencySyndrome)

取得性免疫功效丧失综合症，即艾滋病AM(AmplitudeModulation)调幅APC(aspirin,phenacetinandcaffeine;compoundaspirin;heat-relievingandpain-killingmedicineconsistingofaspirin,phenacetinandcaffeine)复方阿斯匹林API(AirPollutionIndex)空气污染指数CDMA(CodeDivisionMultipleAccess)码分多址，一个无线电发射和接收方式CD(CompactDisc)激光唱盘CIP(CataloguinginPublication)预编目录DIY(DoItYourself)

指自己动手装电脑，缝制衣服，做贺卡等6.其它方面缩略词第26页27DVD(DigitalVideoDisc)数字化视频光盘EMS(ExpressMailService)邮政特快专递EQ(EmotionalQuotient)情商IQ(IntelligenceQuotient)智商IT(InformationTechnology)信息技术OA(OfficeAutomation)办公自动化OEM(OriginalEquipmentManufacturer)

原始设备制造商PC(PersonalComputer)个人计算机PT(ParticularTransfer)尤其转让IDCard(IdentityCard)身份证第27页28SOHO(SmallOfficeHomeOffice)小型家居办公室SOS(SaveOurSouls;radiosignalonceuseduniversallytoappealforhelpesp.byashiporboat;urgentrequestforhelpfromsb.introuble)国际上曾通用紧急呼救信号，也用于

普通求救或求援ST(SpecialTreatment)尤其处理VIP(VeryImportantPerson)要人VOD(VideoonDemand)视频点播WWW(WorldWideWeb)万维网第28页29前缀Semi-半，部分Micro-小，微Thermo-热Auto-自，本身Semi-conductor半导体Semicircle半圆Microbiology微生物学Microchemistry微量化学Microelectronics微电子学Microfilm缩微胶卷Thermodynamic热力学Thermometer温度计Autobiographic自传Automat自动售货机Automation自动化第29页30后缀-ance-ity-ment-ness-sion-tion-th(序)-ure-able-ible-ant-al-ic-ive-ous第30页31二、科技英语句法上特点①长句多；②大量使用被动语态；③惯用形容词短语做后置定语；④使用非谓语动词频率尤其高。第31页32★复杂长句多Factorieswillnotbuymachinesunlesstheybelievethatthemachinewillproducegoodsthattheyareabletoselltoconsumersatapricethatwillcoverallcost.语法分析符合汉语习惯以短代长，化难为易第32页33Thereisanincreasingbeliefintheideathatthe“problemsolvingattitude”oftheengineermustbebuttressed(维持，支持，支撑)notonlybytechnicalknowledgeand“scientificanalysis”butthattheengineermustalsobeawareofeconomicsandpsychologyand,perhapsevenmoreimportant,thathemustunderstandtheworldaroundhim.第33页34长句Thedevelopmentofindustrialtechnologylargelystrengthenshumanphysicalcapabilities,enablingpeopletoharnessmoreenergy,processandshapematerialseasily,travelfaster,andsoon

whilethedevelopmentofmicroelectronics

extendsmentalcapabilities,enablingelectronic“intelligence”tobecloselyrelatedtoawiderangeofproductsandprocesses.第34页35长句Afurtherinferencewasdrawnbypascalwhoreasonedthat

ifthis“seaofair”existed,itspressureatthebottom(i.e.sealevel)wouldbegreaterthanitspressureupandthatthereforetheheightofmercurycolumnwoulddecreaseinproportiontotheheightabovesea-level.第35页36★被动语态多科技英语1/3以上用被动句，但译成汉语不一定用被动语态例句：■Noworkcanbedonewithoutenergy.没有能量决不能做功.■Allsortsofnecessariesoflifecanbemadeofplastics.■Automobilesmaybemanufacturedwithcomputer-drivenrobotsorputtogetheralmosttotallybyhand.第36页37Asoil

isfounddeepintheground,itspresencecannotbedeterminedbyastudyofthesurface.Consequently,ageologicalsurveyoftheundergroundrockstructuremustbecarriedout.Ifitisthoughtthattherocksinacertainareacontainoila“drillingrig”isassembled.Themostobviouspartofadrillingrigiscalled“aderrick”.Itisusedtoliftsectionsofpipe,whichareloweredintotheholemadebythedrill.Astheholeisbeingdrilled,asteelpipe

ispusheddowntopreventthesidesfromfallingin.Ifoil

isstruckacover

isfirmlyfixedtothetopofthepipeandtheoil

isallowedtoescapethroughaseriesofvalves.第37页Explanationsoftheearth’smagneticfieldbasedontherotationofaliquidconductingcorealthoughfarfromcompletearegenerallyaccepted.用液态导电地心旋转来解释地球磁场，尽管还很不完善，但正在取得普遍认可.第38页39Non-mobilerobots,capableoflearningtoperformanindustrialtaskandthenofbeinglefttoperformittirelessly,areevennowinuseinindustrialplantsallovertheworld.★形容词短语作后置定语例句Allradiantenergyhaswavelikecharacterstics,analogoustothoseofwavesthatmovethroughwater.

全部辐射都含有波特征，与水中移动波特征相同。第39页40★非谓语动词多■动名词■分词：现在分词和过去分词■不定式例句：Tobeatrueprofessionalrequireslifelonglearning要成为一个名副其实内行，需要

学到老。Heatingwaterdoesnotchangeitschemicalcomposition.

把水加热并不会改变水化学成份。Matterisanythinghavingweightandoccupyingspace.

任何含有重量并占有空间东西都是物质。第40页41Todaytheelectroniccomputeriswidelyusedinsolvingmathematicalproblemshavingtodowithweatherforecastingandputtingsatellitesintoorbit.Numericalcontrolmachinesaremostusefulwhenquantitiesofproductstobeproducedarelowormedium;thetapecontainingtheinformationrequiredtoproducethepartcan