2015年4月自考00832英语词汇学试题及答案含解析

英语词汇学年月真题

0083220154

1、【单选题】WhichofthefollowingisNOToneofthecharacteristicsofthe

basicwordstock?

Allnationalcharacter.

Validity.

A:

Stability.

B:

Productivity.

C:

答D:案：B

2、【单选题】Thefollowingarethetranslation-loansEXCEPT____.

Longtimenosee.

Masterpiece.

A:

Mothertongue.

B:

Bazaar.

C:

答D:案：D

3、【单选题】ThedifferencesbetweensoundandformareNOTdueto____.

thefactofmorephonemesthanlettersinEnglish

stabilizationofspellingbyprinting

A:

innovationsmadebylinguists

B:

influenceoftheworkofscribes

C:

答D:案：C

解析：该题考察的是词汇的声音和词形的关系。声音与形式本应该是一致的，但是，由于

三个理由：音与字母的不匹配，抄写者的失误，印刷术使得拼写固定下来。

4、【单选题】Thelanguageusedbetween450and____iscalledOldEnglish.

850

1150

A:

1500

B:

1700

C:

答D:案：B

5、【单选题】WhichofthefollowingisNOToneofthemainsourcesofEnglish

newwords?

TheborrowingofLatinwordsintoEnglish.

Social,economicandpoliticalchanges.

A:

Theinfluenceofotherculturesandlanguage.

B:

Therapiddevelopmentofmodernscienceandtechnology.

C:

答D:案：A

解析：现代英语在形成的过程中确实从拉丁语借用了很多词汇，但这却不是英语形成新词

汇的主要来源，与题干不符。

6、【单选题】WhichofthefollowingwordsdoesNOTbelongtothewordsof

Scandinavianorigin?

Skirt.

Skill.

A:

Roast.

B:

Birth

C:

答D:案：C

解析：9世纪时斯堪的纳维亚人入侵英国，古英语由此引入了一些斯堪的纳维亚语的词汇

并沿用至今。教材中提到的例子包括skirt,skill,window,leg,grasp,birth,they

等等，不包含C选项。

7、【单选题】Theword“denaturalization”canbebrokendowninto“de-”，

“nature”，“-al”，“-ize”，“-ation”,eachhavingmeaningofitsown.

Theseminimalmeaningfulunitsareknownas____.

morphemes

allomorphs

A:

root

B:

stem

C:

答D:案：A

解析：本题需要对第三章英语构词法中的词素、词素变体、词根和词干四个概念准确理

解。了解词素是一个整体，就能准确的选出A词素。

8、【单选题】Whichofthefollowingpartsistherootoftheword

“internationalists”？

inter

A:

nation

-ist

B:

-tion

C:

答D:案：B

解析：词根是不能再分的部分，包含了单词的主干部分的内容，internationalist议为国

际主义者，只有选项B中nation有国家的，国民的意思，因而构成词根，本题主要考查

第三章词根的知识点。

9、【单选题】Whichofthefollowingwordsisanexampleoffreemorphemes?

Bored.

Teeth.

A:

Worker.

B:

Wind.

C:

答D:案：D

解析：彼此之间互相独立的词素叫自由词素。这些词素本身具有完整的意义，在句子中可

以用作自由语法单位。

10、【单选题】WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

Prefixationistheformationofnewwordsbyaddingsuffixestostems.

Prefixesdonotgenerallychangetheword-classofthestem.

A:

Prefixesonlymodifythemeaningofthestem.

B:

Thechieffunctionofprefixesistochangemeaningsofthestems.

C:

答D:案：A

11、【单选题】Thewordthatcontainsaprefixofdegreeis____.

abnormal

misunderstand

A:

antiwar

B:

overweight

C:

答D:案：D

12、【单选题】“Ahotdog”isbynomeansadogthatishot,butatypical

Americansausageinbetweentwopiecesofbread.Thisexampleillustratesthe____

featuresofcompounds.

phonetic

A:

semantic

linguistic

B:

grammatical

C:

答D:案：B

13、【单选题】“Many”and“much”bothhavethesameconcept,butcollocate

withdifferentwords，suchas“muchtime,muchmoney”，but“manybooks,many

people”，notviceversa.Thisexampleillustrates____.

conceptisbeyondlanguage

conceptistheresultofhumancognition

A:

conceptisuniversaltoallmenalikeregardlessofculture,race,languageand

B:

soon

C:

eveninthesamelanguage,thesameconceptcanbeexpressedindifferentwords

答D:案：D

14、【单选题】Whenweusethe“footofthemountain”，wearecomparingthe

lowerpartofthemountaintothefootofahumanbeing.Inthissense,theword

“foot”conveys____.

onomatopoeicmotivation

morphologicalmotivation

A:

semanticmotivation

B:

etymologicalmotivation

C:

答D:案：C

解析：语义理据是指由词的概念意义所暗示的联想意义，解释了词的字面意义与比喻义之

间的联系。

15、【单选题】Thegroupofwordswhichhasthesamegrammaticalmeaningis

“____”.

forget,forgets,forgot

tables,men,people

A:

sit,sitting,sat

B:

fast,quick,quickly

C:

答D:案：B

解析：从语法意义上讲，B选项的三个词均表示名词的复数形式。

16、【单选题】Wordsarearbitrarysymbolsandare____identitiessofaras

theirouterfacet—spellingandpronunciation,isconcerned.

independent

reliable

A:

stable

B:

unsteady

C:

答D:案：A

解析：词就其外部方面拼写和发音而言是具有任意性的符号和独立的单位。

17、【单选题】Fromthediachronicpointofview,____isassumedtobethe

resultofgrowthanddevelopmentofthesemanticstructureofoneandsameword.

homonymy

polysemy

A:

synonymy

B:

hyponymy

C:

答D:案：B

解析：本题考查第六章多义关系中历时方法的概念。历时方法是词义随着时间的变化而不

断增加。

18、【单选题】“Dear”and“deer”arewordsidenticalinsoundbutdifferent

inspellingandmeaning.Theyare____.

perfecthomonyms

homographs

A:

homophones

B:

hyponyms

C:

答D:案：C

19、【单选题】WhichofthefollowingisNOToneofthetypesofchangesinword-

meaning?

Extension.

Degradation.

A:

Elevation.

B:

Reduction.

C:

答D:案：D

20、【单选题】Whenacommonwordisturnedintoapropernoun,themeaning

is____accordinglysuchas“theCity”，,whichmeansthe“businesscentreof

London”.

generalized

narrowed

A:

extended

B:

elevated

C:

答D:案：B

解析：此处city的词义被缩小

21、【单选题】Theextra-linguisticfactorsthatcausechangesinword-meaning

includethefollowingEXCEPT____.

historicalreason

psychologicalreason

A:

geographicreason

B:

classreason

C:

答D:案：C

解析：造成词义变化的非语言因素包括历史原因、阶级原因和心理原因。

22、【单选题】Lexicalcontextreferstothecasesinwhichthemeaningofaword

isaffectedanddefinedbythe____.

neighbouringwords

sentencestructure

A:

culturalbackground

B:

non-linguisticsituation

C:

答D:案：A

23、【单选题】Whenawordwithmultiplemeaningsisusedininadequatecontext,

itcreates____.

irrelevance

ambiguity

A:

disconnection

B:

opposition

C:

答D:案：B

解析：本题考查第八章词义与语境中消除歧义eliminationofambiguity.题干中指出如果

单词有很多意思却没有给出语境，自然会产生歧义ambiguity。

24、【单选题】Inthesentence6inspiteoffactthatthefishermenwerewearing

sou'westers,thestormwassoheavythattheywerewetthrough",thecontext

clueusedis____.

wordstructure

example

A:

definition

B:

relevantdetail

C:

答D:案：D

解析：题干中的句子里用了一个不常见的词sou’westers，表示“长雨衣”，是人们在暴

风雨的环境下才会穿的。通过相关细节暗示了句子的意义。

25、【单选题】Whichofthefollowingisoneofthecharacteristicsofidioms?

Structuralvariation.

Lexicalmanipulation.

A:

Phoneticunity.

B:

Semanticunity.

C:

答D:案：D

解析：idioms有两个特征：semanticunity和structuralstability。

26、【单选题】Theidiom“toothandnail”isa(n)____.

idiomverbalinnature

idiomnominalinnature

A:

sentenceidiom

B:

idiomadverbialinnature

C:

答D:案：D

解析：本题考查第九章习语的分类，习语根据语法功能，可以分为名词性习语、形容词性

习语、动词性习语、副词性习语及句式习语。考生需要辨别这五类习语。Toothandnail

这个习语比较特殊，一看都是名词牙齿和指甲，容易选择B，然而其实际的意思是非常努

力地，拼命地为副词性习语，对于这种特殊习语，需要引起重视。正确答案选择D。

27、【单选题】Theidiom“earnone’sbread”isa____asfarasfiguresof

speechareconcerned.

synecdoche

metaphor

A:

metonymy

B:

personification

C:

答D:案：A

28、【单选题】WebsterfsNewDictionaryofSynonyms(1978)isa(n)____

dictionary.

unabridged

desk

A:

specialized

B:

encyclopedic

C:

答D:案：C

29、【单选题】Britishdictionariesgenerallyuse____tomarkthepronunciation.

BritishPhoneticAlphabet

AmericanPhoneticAlphabet

A:

InternationalPhoneticAlphabet

B:

Webster’sPhoneticAlphabet

C:

答D:案：C

解析：词典知识大多数英语词典均是用国际音标作为标音符号。

30、【单选题】LongmanDictionaryofContemporaryEnglish(LDCE)NewEdition

(1987)wasnotedforthefollowingaspectsEXCEPT____.

itsuseofextracolumn

itssimpleandcleardefinitions

A:

itswidecoverageofnewwords,newmeaningsandnewusages

B:

itsmeticulousandcompletegrammaticalinformation

C:

答D:案：A

解析：A选项是《柯林斯英语词典》的特征，与题干不符。

31、【问答题】Identifythekindandtheorigin(Latin,Greek,French,

ScandinavianorItalian)ofthefollowinggroupsofwords.1)thrive,they,egg,

ill,die2)status,minimum,arena,species,alibi3)synonym,polysemy,grammar,

etymology,syntax4)symphony,piano,trio,tenor,model5)dress,clock,pork,

mutton,fry

答案：Theyareloanwords.1)Scandinavian,2)Latin,3)Greek,4)Italian,

5)French

32、【问答题】Whatisacronymy?

答案：Acronymyistheprocessofformingnewwordsbyjoiningtheinitial

lettersofnamesofsocialandpoliticalorganizationsorspecialnounphrases

andtechnicalterms.

33、【问答题】Explainwhatispolysemyfromthesynchronicpointofview.

答案：Fromthesynchronicpointofview,polysemyisviewedasthecoexistence

ofvariousmeaningsofthesamewordinacertainhistoricalperiodoftime,

say,ModernEnglish.Thebasicmeaningiscalledthecentralmeaning,while

thederivedmeaningsaresecondaryincomparison.

34、【问答题】Whatdoestheunderlinedwordmeaninthefollowingsentenceand

whatcontextualclueisused?“Hewasinamoodofcompleteeuphoria,his

happinessbeingtheresultofanannouncementthathehadwonthesweep-stakes.”

答案：Euphoriameans(afeelingof)happiness.Thecontextclueusedissynonymy.

35、【问答题】Explainthedifferencebetweenback-formationandsuffixation.

答案：①Back-formationisconsideredtobetheoppositeprocessofsuffixation.

②Asweknow,suffixationistheformationofnewwordsbyaddingsuffixes

tobases,andback-formationisthereforethemethodofcreatingwords

byremovingthesupposedsuffixes.③Thisisbecausemanyoftheremoved

suffixesarenottruesuffixesbutinseparablepartsofthewords.

36、【问答题】Commentonthefollowinggroupsofwordsintermsoftypesof

antonyms:contradictoryterms,contraryterms,relativeterms.“true—

false’’，“big—small”，“husband-wife”

答案：①Antonymscanbedefinedaswordswhichareoppositeinmeaning.They

canbeclassifiedintothreemajorgroups.②Contradictoryterms:Theyareso

opposedtoeachotherthattheyaremutuallyexelusiveandadmitnopossibility

betweenthem,suchas"true-false".③Contraryterms:Antonymsofthistype

arebestviewedintermsofascalefunnringbetweentwopolesorextremes.

Antonymssuchas"big-small"representtwopointsatbothendsofthepoleand

canaccommodatemiddlegroundbelongingneithertoonepolenortotheother.

Wecanhavemedium-sizedbetweenthebigandthesmall.③Relativeterms:This

typeconsistsofrelationaloppositessuchas"husband-wife".Suchpairsof

wordsindicatesuchareciprocalsocialrelationshipthatoneofthemcannotbe

usedwithoutsuggestingtheother.IfisthehusbandofB,thenBisthewife,

whomarriesA.

37、【填空题】Wordstakenoverfromforeignlanguagesareknownasborrowed

wordsor____words.

答案：loan

38、【填空题】FromthehistoricaloverviewoftheEnglishvocabulary,theNorman

conqueststartedacontinualflowof____wordsintoEnglish.

答案：French

39、【填空题】Freemorphemesare____ofothermorphemes.Theyhavecomplete

meaningsinthemselvesandcanbeusedasfreegrammaticalunitsinsentences.

答案：independent

40、【填空题】“Exam”istheshortenedformof“examination”bybackclipping.

Then“plane”isusedtomean“aeroplane”by____clipping

答案：front

41、【填空题】Thewordmeaningismadeupof____meaningandgrammatical

meaning.

答案：lexical

42、【填空题】Polysemyisacommonfeaturepeculiartoallnaturallanguages,

butwhenawordisfirstcoined,itisalways____.

答案：monosemic

43、【填空题】Theprocessbywhichwordsofgoodor