2 第二部分 第一讲　理解文中具体信息-细节理解题-2020版江苏省高考英语大二轮复习语法基础

第二部分题型应对策略|精通四种题型解题技巧，有的放矢多拿分第一讲理解文中具体信息——细节理解题[学生用书P67]细节理解题是高考英语阅读理解中非常重要的一种题型。细节理解题题干针对原文的具体叙述进行提问，主要考查考生对阅读材料中的某一特定细节、文章的主要事实或文中个别词句的理解能力，一般包括查找信息题、数字计算题等。高考江苏卷细节理解题题量统计考纲解读年份个数(1)文章细节对于理解全文内容来说至关重要，同时也是归纳和概括文章中心思想的基础。(2)命题人员会要求考生根据不同的要求阅读文章，以获得某些特定的信息或准确地寻求所需的细节。(3)这类试题有时比较直接，理解字面意思即可答题；有时则较为间接，需要归纳、概括和推理才能答题。2019920187201710[学生用书P67]【考查特点】Ⅰ.把握细节理解题常见的命题方式：(1)特殊疑问句形式：以when，where，what，which，who，howmuch/many等疑问词开头引出的问题。(2)填空题形式：通常涉及与主题有关的事实和细节。(3)就文中数字、排序等提问。Ⅱ.掌握细节细解题的考查角度：(1)高频考点：直接信息题；综合细节题。(2)低频考点：数字计算题；正误判断题；细节排序题。eq\a\vs4\al([考向1])直接细节题——精准定位判细节直接细节题即事实认定类细节题，该题型在原文中可直接找到答案，不要求考生对事实做出解释或者判断，只需要从阅读材料中直接获取信息(有时需要跨段落查找细节信息)。正确选项和原文在表述上没有太大的变化。常见的设问方式：◆Whichactivitywillyouchooseif...?◆Whatwillyou/thestudentsdoonTuesday/ontheCapitalCityBikeTour?◆WhencanyouseeaplayinHebrew?◆WherecanyoubuyasouveniratPacificScienceCenter?◆Atwhichplacecanpeopleofdifferentagesenjoyagoodlaugh?◆WhowillgivethetalkontheislandsintheThames?[典例](2019·全国卷Ⅰ·A片段)JobsforYouthIfyouareateenagerlivingincertainpartsoftheprovince,youcouldbeeligible(符合条件)forthisprogram,whichprovideseightweeksofpaidemploymentalongwithtraining.Whoiseligible:Youth15－18yearsoldinselectcommunities(社区)．SummerCompanySummerCompanyprovidesstudentswithhands­onbusinesstrainingandawardsofupto$3，000tostartandruntheirownsummerbusinesses.Whoiseligible:Studentsaged15－29,returningtoschoolinthefall.21．WhatisspecialaboutSummerCompany?A．Itrequiresnotrainingbeforeemployment.B．Itprovidesawardsforrunningnewbusinesses.C．Itallowsonetoworkinthenaturalenvironment.D．Itoffersmoresummerjobopportunities.eq\a\vs4\al([解题思路])第一步确定题干中的关键词Summer_Company第二步根据关键词定位信息句Summer_Company_provides_students_with_hands­on_business_training_and_awards_of_up_to_$3，000_to_start_and_run_their_own_summer_businesses.第三步比对选项确定答案Summer_Company的特别之处在于_“它为经营新业务提供奖励”。自主解答：Beq\a\vs4\al()第一步看题目，从题干中提取关键信息。第二步采取速读技巧快速定位原文信息，仔细比对选项和文中细节，进而确定答案。eq\a\vs4\al([考向2])综合细节题——推理归纳定选项综合细节题要求考生在原文中找到有关的信息，但同时需要将选项信息与原文句子进行语义上的转换，例如使用同义词、近义词或反义词表达相同的意思，这需要考生综合考虑，把握出题人的考查意图。常见的设问方式：◆Whichofthefollowingbestdescribes...?◆Whywas...asuccess?◆Howdoesthewriterrecommend...toreaders?[典例](2019·全国卷Ⅱ·C片段)“Iprefertogooutandbeout.Alone,buttogether,youknow？”Bechtelsaid,lookingupfromherbook.Bechtel,whoworksindowntownWestPalmBeach,haslunchwithcoworkerssometimes,butlikemanyofus,toooftenworksthroughlunchatherdesk.Alunchtimeescapeallowshertokeepabossfromtappingherontheshoulder.Shereturnstoworkfeelingenergized.“Today,Ijustwantedsometimetomyself，”shesaid.29．WhydoesBechtelprefertogooutforlunch?A．Tomeetwithhercoworkers.B．Tocatchupwithherwork.C．Tohavesometimeonherown.D．Tocollectdataforherreport.eq\a\vs4\al([解题思路])第一步确定题干中的关键词prefer_to_go_out，lunch第二步根据关键词定位信息句用prefer_to_go_out和lunch寻读，可以定位在第三段，在第三段找到I_just_wanted_some_time_to_myself.第三步比对选项确定答案根据信息句可知，Bechtel更喜欢出去吃午饭的原因是想拥有自己的时间。自主解答：Ceq\a\vs4\al()第一步看题目，从题干中提取关键信息。第二步采取速读技巧寻找原文信息，将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语义上的转换，将确定的文章信息进行加工处理，进行进一步的辨别，进而确定答案。eq\a\vs4\al([考向3])数字计算题——“加减乘除”巧破解数字计算题要求考生在原文中找到相关的数字信息，再对相关的数字和信息进行分析和理解，利用加、减、乘、除等运算方法进行计算，确定答案。常见的设问方式：◆Howmuchshouldacouplewithakidpayavisit...?◆Howlongdoes...last?◆Howmuchmaytheypay...?[典例](2018·全国卷Ⅰ·C片段)Atpresent,theworldhasabout6，800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyuneven.Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages,oftenspokenbymanypeople,whilehot,wetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europehasonlyaround200languages;theAmericasabout1，000;Africa2，400;andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3，200,ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover800.Themediannumber(中位数)ofspeakersisamere6，000,whichmeansthathalftheworld’slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.30．Howmanylanguagesarespokenbylessthan6，000peopleatpresent?A．About6，800. B．About3，400.C．About2，400. D．About1，200.eq\a\vs4\al([解题思路])第一步确定题干中的关键词less_than_6，000_people_at_present第二步根据关键词定位信息句At_present,_the_world_has_about_6，800_languages.及The_median_number(中位数)_of_speakers_is_a_mere_6，000，which_means_that_half_the_world’s_languages_are_spoken_by_fewer_people_than_that._第三步整合推算运用数学公式计算由原文信息句可知，目前全球不同语言使用人数的中位数仅是6_000，这就意味着世界上有一半语言的使用人数不到6_000；结合At_present，the_world_has_about_6，800_languages.可知，目前大约3_400种语言的使用人数不到6_000。自主解答：Beq\a\vs4\al()第一步仔细分析题干，抓牢关键信息。第二步从文章中找出包含该信息的段落，运用数学公式计算。对于离散的数字计算题，需要先找到与之相关的事实或数据，然后再进行分析整合。[学生用书P69](2019·江苏卷·A)Whateveryourageorinterests,Buxtonhassomethingtoseeordotomakeyourvisittrulymemorable.High_energyIfyoudesirephysicalactivities,youcanchooseactivitiesfromswimmingtohorseriding.ExploretheheightswithGoApe,thehighwireforestadventurecourse,orjourneybeneaththeearthatPoole’sCavern.Anddon’tforget:wearesurroundedbyanaturalplaygroundjustperfectforwalking,caving,climbingandcycling.High_mindedBuxtonisjustifiablyproudofitsculturallifeandyou’llfindmuchtosuitalltasteswithart,music,operaandtheperformingartsatBuxtonOperaHouse&PavilionArtsCentreandGreenManGallery.Thereareplentyofopportunitiesforthecreativepersontobecomeinvolved,includingworkshopsandevents.Keeping_the_kids_happyChildrenlovethesmalltrainandplaygroundsinthePavilionGardensandthere’splentymoretoexploreattheBuxtonMuseum.There’sanewindoorplaycentre,plusthespecialeventsandworkshops,andothersduringschoolholidayperiods.【解题导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了巴克斯顿(Buxton)令人难忘的景点及活动。56．Ifyouwanttotakeanundergroundjourney,whichplaceisthebestchoice?A．Poole’sCavern.B．PavilionGardens.C．BuxtonMuseum.D．GreenManGallery.A解析：细节理解题。根据High_energy部分中的“ExploretheheightswithGoApe,thehighwireforestadventurecourse,orjourneybeneaththeearthatPoole’sCavern.”可知，如果你想进行地下之旅，可选择Poole’sCavern。57．BuxtonOperaHouse&PavilionArtsCentreisspecialbecauseitoffers________.A．ridesinsmalltrainsB．coursesinmodernartsC．artisticandculturalactivitiesD．basiccoursesinhorseridingC解析：细节理解题。根据High_minded部分中的“Buxtonisjustifiablyproudofitsculturallifeandyou’llfindmuchtosuitalltastes...Thereareplentyofopportunitiesforthecreativepersontobecomeinvolved”可知，BuxtonOperaHouse&PavilionArtsCentre很特别的原因是它提供多种文化艺术活动。eq\a\vs4\al()“两关注”“一防范”巧解细节理解题1．两关注：关注正确选项的特征：一是同义词替换或释义，即把文中语言(词汇和结构)改头换面，来表达相同的意思；二是对文章信息的综合理解推断归纳。2．一防范：防范干扰选项的逼真性，稍有不慎就会落入命题人设置的陷阱中。在做间接信息题时，要根据所找信息，分析选项，对比其中所用词汇，避免误选答案。必要时要对原文信息进行归纳，然后比对选项，进而选出正确答案。[学生用书P69]A(2019·苏北三市高三质量检测)GreatAmericanSongContestContestRules&Entry：Thisannualeventisdesignedforamateurandsemi­pro(半职业)songwritersonly.Songwriterswhoearnover$10，000annuallyfromsongpublishingroyalties(版税)donothavequalifications.Amateurandsemi­prosongwritersfromallnationsoftheworldareinvitedtoparticipateintheGreatAmericanSongContest.Songlyrics(歌词)maybeinanylanguage.PleaseincludeanEnglishtranslation.Allparticipantswillbesentanentryconfirmationandajudgingschedulewhentheirsongsarereceivedandprocessed.Thisyear’sdeadlineisMarch5.Onlinesubmissionsmustbereceivedbythisdate.Mailedsubmissionsmustbepostmarked(盖邮戳)bythisdate.Anentryfeeof$30isrequiredforeachenteredsong.Afterthefirsttwoentries,theentryfeedropsto$25foreachadditionalsong.Ifthesamesongisenteredinmultiplecategories,eachrequiresaseparateentryfee.Prizes&Benefits：GrandPrizeWinnerreceives$1，000incash;eachFirstPrizeWinnerreceives$500incash.Inaddition,allwinnersreceiveafreemembershiptoTAXIIndependentA&RCompany—$300value!Unlikethosehighlycompetitive“bigcashprize”contests,whichreceive20，000to30，000entrieseachyearbutrewardonlyafew,theGreatAmericanSongContestoffersaclearbenefittoeveryonewhoenters.Songwriterscangettheirsongsheardandgetfeedbackfromknowledgeablemusic­industryprofessionals.That’sbecausetheGreatAmericanSongContestoffersthisopportunityanduniqueguarantee:Allparticipatingsongwritersreceivewrittenopinionsontheirsongsfromexperiencedmusic­industryprofessionals!【解题导语】本文是一则广告。文章主要介绍GreatAmericanSongContest的规则、参赛费用和奖励。1．Whatcanweknowfromthecontestrules?A．SonglyricsmustbewritteninEnglishonly.B．Notallsongwriterscantakepartinthecontest.C．Allsubmissionsmustbereceivedbythedeadline.D．Notallparticipantswillreceiveajudgingschedule.B解析：细节理解题。根据第一段“Thisannualeventisdesignedforamateurandsemi­pro(半职业)songwritersonly.Songwriterswhoearnover$10，000annuallyfromsongpublishingroyalties(版税)donothavequalifications.”可知，只有业余和半职业歌曲作者可以参赛，即并非所有歌曲作者都能参赛。故正确答案为B。2．Howmuchshouldasongwriterpayforhisthreeentries?A．$75. B．$80.C．$85. D．$90.C解析：细节理解题。根据ContestRules&Entry部分倒数第二段“Anentryfeeof$30isrequiredforeachenteredsong.Afterthefirsttwoentries,theentryfeedropsto$25foreachadditionalsong.”可知，三首参赛歌曲需付(30×2＋25＝)85美元。故正确答案为C。[长难句分析]Songwriterswhoearnover$10，000annuallyfromsongpublishingroyalties(版税)donothavequalifications.(ContestRules&Entry部分第一段第二句)分析：本句是一个主从复合句。who引导定语从句，修饰先行词Songwriters。译文：每年从歌曲出版版税中赚取一万美元以上的歌曲作者没有参赛资格。B(2019·苏州学业质量阳光指标调研)Scientistshaverecreateda1985studyofbirdsinPeruthatshowsclimatechangeispushingthemfromtheirnaturalenvironment.Thirtyyearsago,researchersstudiedover400kindsofbirdslivingonamountainsideinPeru.In2017,researcherslookedagainatthebirdpopulations.Theyfoundthatalmostallhadmovedtohigherplacesinthemountain.Almostallhaddecreasedinsize.And,thescientistssayatleasteightbirdgroupsthatstartedatthehigherelevations(高地)haddiedoutcompletely.Theresearcherssaythebirdsmighthavemovedupthemountainbecauseoftemperaturechanges.Orchangestofoodsourcesmayhaveforcedthemtogohigher.Thefindingswerepublishedinasciencejournal.The1985researchhasdocumentedbirdsandotheranimalsmovingupinelevationinreactiontowarmingtemperatures.MarkUrban,abiologistatauniversity,saidthisrecentstudywasthefirsttoprovethatrisingtemperaturesandmovingtoavoidthemcanleadtoextinction.In2016,Fitzpatrick,directorandaco­writerofthestudypassedhisnotes,photosandotherrecordstoBenjaminFreeman.Freemanhasbeenresearchingtropicalbirdsformorethan10years.HesetoutinAugustandSeptemberof2017tocopyFitzpatrick’sstudy.Histeamusedthesamemethods,searchingthesameplacesinthesametimeofyear.Freeman’steamwantedtoseehowthingshadchangedforthebirdgroupssince1985.Theaveragetemperaturesonthemountainhadrisen0.42degreesCelsius.Histeamplaced20soundrecordingdevicesonthemountaintorecordthesoundsofbirdsthatmightnoteasilybeseen.Freemansaidthatthebirdsmovedanaverageof98metersfurtherupthemountain.Hebelievesthattemperatureisthemaincauseofthebirds’movement.Fitzpatricknotedthatbirdsusedtolivinginareaswithlittletemperaturechangemaybeespeciallyatriskbecauseofclimatechange.Hesaid,“Weshouldexpectthatwhat’shappeningonthismountaintopishappeningmoregenerallyintheAndes,andothertropicalmountainranges.”【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，温度上升会让鸟类向海拔更高的地方迁徙，而这会导致鸟类的灭绝。3．HowmanykindsofbirdslivedinPeru30yearsago?A．Atleasteightbirdgroups.B．Morethan400.C．Overeightbirdgroups.D．Lessthan400.B解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Thirtyyearsago,researchersstudiedover400kindsofbirdslivingonamountainsideinPeru.”可知，在三十年前，有400多种鸟类生活在秘鲁。故正确答案为B。4．Whydidthebirdsmoveupthemountain?A．Toavoidtemperaturechanges.B．Tofindmorefoodsources.C．Toadapttoextremetemperature.D．Toreacttotheincreaseofotherkindsofanimals.A解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Theresearcherssaythebirdsmighthavemovedupthemountainbecauseoftemperaturechanges.”可知，它们是为了避开温度的变化。故正确答案为A。5．HowdidFreemanandhisteamrecordthesoundofbirdsnoteasilybeingseen?A．Theyhadthetemperaturerise0.42degreesCelsius.B．Theymovedanaverageof98metersfurtherupthemountain.C．Theyplaced20soundrecordingdevicesonthemountain.D．Theykeptonlisteningtothesoundhappeningonthismountaintop.C解析：细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“Histeamplaced20soundrecordingdevicesonthemountaintorecordthesoundsofbirdsthatmightnoteasilybeseen.”可知，他们是通过在山上放置20个录音设备来记录那些不容易被看见的鸟类的声音的。故正确答案为C。6．Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A．Twoteamsusedthesamemethodstodoresearches.B．Scientistsdocumentedbirdsandotheranimalsmovingupinelevation.C．Scientistshavebeenresearchingtropicalbirdsformorethan10years.D．RisingtemperaturecausessomebirdsinPerutobecomeextinct.D解析：主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了一项研究成果，即温度上升会让鸟类向海拔更高的地方迁徙，而这会导致鸟类的灭绝。D项体现了这项研究的结果，概括了本文的主要内容。故正确答案为D。[长难句分析]MarkUrban,abiologistatauniversity,saidthisrecentstudywasthefirsttoprovethatrisingtemperaturesandmovingtoavoidthemcanleadtoextinction.(第二段最后一句)分析：本句是一个复合句。abiologistatauniversity是MarkUrban的同位语；thisrecentstudywas...是省略了that的宾语从句，作said的宾语；risingtemperatures...canleadto...是that引导的宾语从句，作prove的宾语。译文：MarkUrban，一所大学的生物学家，说最近这项研究首次证明，气温上升和为避免高温而进行的迁徙可能会导致物种的灭绝。细节理解题[学生用书P143(单独成册)](建议用时：25分钟)A(2019·盐城高三二模)BornintheStateofNewYorkonMay14th,1984,MarkZuckerbergwasaninstantsuccess.Inhishighschoolyears,hewasconsideredoneoftopstudentsintheclass,beforemovingintothearts,sciences,andliterature,againpickinguphighmarksandreceivingacademicpraise.ItearnedhimadmissiontoHarvardUniversity.Asarebelliousyetrelativelyquietstudent,hecreatedawebsitecalledFacemashintheuniversity—aninstantlycontroversialwebsitethatencouragedstudentstorateeachotherbasedonappearance.Thesitewascontroversialforseveralreasons.Thefirstwasitsillegaluseofphotographs,whichtheuniversityandstudentstookissuewith.Thesecondwasitscontroversialnature—noteverystudentlikesbeingrankedbasedontheirappearance.Thethirdwasitshugeresourceuse—whileitwashostedonHarvardservers,itwasthemostpopularpageintheuniversity’sentirenetwork.Zuckerbergwassoonforcedtoshutthesitedown,butitspopularityandcontroversyhadmadehimconsideritsfuturepotential.HesoonturnedthesimplesiteintoapersonaloneforHarvardstudents,encouragingthemtonetworkwiththeirpeersatthecollege.Itwasthen,togetherwithhistwofriends,thattheylaunched“TheFacebook”，whichimmediatelyspreadtoothercollegesandgrewintoapublicservicethatanyonecouldaccessintheUnitedStates,whethertonetworkwithfriendsandfamily,ortoplaygames.Thecompanyhasbeencriticizedfrequently,nevertheless,Zuckerberghasremainedtruetohisinitialvision—tocreateawebsitethattheentireworldcanusetocommunicateopenlyandeasilywithoneanotherandtokeeptheuserexperiencecleanandpure.Theendresultisoneoftheworld’sbiggestonlinebusinesses.Althoughitstruevalueisdebatable,it’ssafetosaythatFacebook,anditscreatorMarkZuckerberg,aretwoofthetwenty­firstcentury’smostinfluential,controversial,andpotentiallypowerfulfigures.【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了Facebook网站的创始人Zuckerberg创建网站的过程以及他努力克服所遇困难的故事。1．WhatcanweknowaboutMarkZuckerbergwhenhewasastudent?A．Hewasoftenpraisedbyteachersforthewebsitehecreated.B．Hehadgoodacademicperformance.C．HealonecreatedawebsitecalledFacebook.D．Heencouragedstudentstosetupbusinesslikehim.B解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Inhishighschoolyears,hewasconsideredoneoftopstudentsintheclass,beforemovingintothearts,sciences,andliterature,againpickinguphighmarksandreceivingacademicpraise.”可知，MarkZuckerberg在学生时期就有良好的学业表现。故B项正确。2.WhydidZuckerbergshutthesitedown?A．Becausehiswebsitewasnotpopular.B．Becausehewasdoubtedforthewayheusedphotographs.C．Becauseheneededtimetoreconsiderhischoice.D．BecausehestoleresourceonHarvardserver.B解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“Thefirstwasitsillegaluseofphotographs,whichtheuniversityandstudentstookissuewith.”可知，他关闭该网站的第一个因素就是照片的非法使用。故B项正确。[长难句分析]Itwasthen,togetherwithhistwofriends,thattheylaunched“TheFacebook”，whichimmediatelyspreadtoothercollegesandgrewintoapublicservicethatanyonecouldaccessintheUnitedStates,whethertonetworkwithfriendsandfamily,ortoplaygames.(第四段第三句)分析：本句是一个主从复合句。Itwas...that构成强调句；which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“TheFacebook”；第二个that引导定语从句，修饰先行词apublicservice。译文：就在那时，他和两个朋友一起推出了“TheFacebook”。Facebook迅速传播到其他大学并发展成为一项公共服务。在美国，任何人都可以使用这一服务，无论是用来与朋友和家人联系，还是玩游戏。BWhileweatherforecasterscanmakefairlyaccuratepredictions,there’salwaystheriskthatyou’llbecaughtoutwhiledrivingintherain.ButthedaysofhavingtoquicklycloseyoursunroofcouldsoonbeathingofthepastthankstoJaguarLandRover’slatesttechnology.Thefirmisdevelopingcarsthatcanadaptautomaticallybyclosingwindowsandroofsorstartingtheheateriftheydetectbadweatherisontheway.Theweatherforecastingsystemusesasetofairpressure,humidity(湿度)andlightsensors(传感器)tohelpitsvehiclespredictchangesinconditionsandadapttothem.Carsequippedwiththesystemcouldmakeslightchangestotheairconditioningifitfindstheweatherisgettingwarmerduringajourneyorincreasethecabintemperatureifitwillgetcolder.Theforecastmayindicatethereisapossibilityofoneormoreweatherconditions,suchasrain,withinaperiodoftime,suchasfiveminutes.Thevehiclemaythenadapttothelocalweatherconditions.Inparticular,itmaycloseoneormorewindows,orclosearoofofthevehicleinresponsetoaforecastofrain.Similarlywindowscouldbedarkenedusingelectrochromic(电致变色的)glasstoimprovevisibilityifbrightsunshineisforecast.Althoughit’sunclearwhetherthistechnologywillmakeitswaytoaproductionvehicleanytimesoon,suchasystemwouldbeadvantageousonautonomousvehicles.Sincethere’snohumandriverpresent,thesystemwillallowthevehicletomakeitcomfortableforitspassengers,basedoncurrentweatherconditions.Itcanalsomakethevehiclesaferifitknowsrainorsnowiscoming.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了捷豹路虎最新的技术——天气预报系统。该系统使用了一整套气压、湿度和光线传感器，帮助车辆预测大气状况的变化并加以适应。3．HowwillJaguarLandRover’slatesttechnologybenefitdrivers?A．Vehiclescanautomaticallydrivethemselves.B．Vehiclescanfindpositionsandroutesthemselves.C．Vehiclescanactasmobileweatherforecastingstations.D．Vehiclescanopenwindowsandsunroofsautomatically.C解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“Theweatherforecastingsystemusesasetofairpressure,humidity(湿度)andlightsensors(传感器)tohelpitsvehiclespredictchangesinconditionsandadapttothem.”可知，捷豹路虎的最新技术可以让车辆像可移动的天气预报站一样，帮助车辆预测天气状况的变化并加以适应，从而造福于驾驶员。故选C。4．Whatisthefeatureoftheglassofavehiclewiththenewtechnology?A．Itcanhelpadjustthetemperature.B．Itcanstillbeclearinrainydays.C．Itistoostrongtobreakintopieces.D．Itscolourcanchangewiththesunshine.D解析：细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Similarlywindowscouldbedarkenedusingelectrochromic(电致变色的)glasstoimprovevisibilityifbrightsunshineisforecast.”可知，采用新技术的汽车玻璃的颜色会随着阳光而改变。故选D。5．Whatcanweknowabouttheweatherforecastingsystemfromthetext?A．Itisintelligentenoughtostopraining.B．Itmakesthedrivermorecomfortable.C．Itcan’tpredicttheweatheraccurately.D．Itmakesautonomouscarssaferinbadweather.D解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“Itcanalsomakethevehiclesaferifitknowsrainorsnowiscoming.”可知，天气预报系统会使无人驾驶汽车在恶劣天气下更安全。故选D。6．Wheremightthetextbetakenfrom?A．Abookreview. B．Asciencereport.C．Asciencefiction. D．Atravelbrochure.B解析：文章出处题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了捷豹路虎最新的技术，因此本文最可能出自科学报道。故选B。[长难句分析]Whileweatherforecasterscanmakefairlyaccuratepredictions,there’salwaystheriskthatyou’llbecaughtoutwhiledrivingintherain.(第一段第一句)分析：本句是一个主从复合句。while引导让步状语从句；you’llbecaughtoutwhiledrivingintherain是同位语从句，说明risk的内容。译文：虽然天气预报员可以做出相当准确的预测，但你还会有在雨中开车时会淋雨的风险。C(2019·江苏名校高三摸底)TheUnitedNationsClimateChangeConferencetakesplacenextweekinPoland.About20，000peoplefrom190countriesareexpectedtotakepartintheconference.There,worldleaderswilldebatehowtolimitclimatechange—theweathereventslinkedtoslowlyrisingtemperaturesonEarth.Theywilldiscusswaystoreducecarbonemissions(排放物)andotherpollutionwhich,scientistssay,cangiverisetolong­termchangestoourplanet.Forenvironmentalists,oneareaofconcernisSouthAmerica’sAmazonrainforest.Brazilholdsabout60percentoftheAmazonrainforest.ItisalsothemostbiodiversecountryonEarth,withmorethan56，000speciesofplants,1，700speciesofbirds,695amphibians,578mammals,and651reptiles.StudieshaveshownthattheAmazontakesinasmuchas2billiontonsofcarbondioxideayearandreleasesabout20percentofEarth’soxygen.ScientistswonderwhethertherainforestwillbeprotectedunderBrazil’snextpresident,JairBolsonaro,whowilltakeofficeonJanuary1,2019.Bolsonarohassaidthathiscountryshouldwithdrawfromthe2015ParisAgreement.Undertheagreement,mostnationspromisedtoreducecarbonemissionsby37percentover2005levelsbytheyear2030.Thepresident­electclaimsamandate(授权)fromvoterstodeveloplandforagricultureandotherpurposes.HesaidthatBrazil’srainforestprotectionisstandinginthewayofeconomicsuccess.Scientistssaydeforestationisamajorreasonforclimatechange.Studieshavelinkedrisingtemperaturestothedestructionofforests.ScientistsworryaboutthefutureoftheAmazon.NewBraziliangovernmentrecordsshowthespeedofdeforestationhasincreasedoverthepastyear.CarlosNobre,aclimatescientistattheUniversityofSãoPaulo,toldtheAssociatedPressthatitisalmostimpossibletosayjusthowimportanttherainforestistotheplanet’slivingsystems.SomescientistscalltheAmazon“thelungsoftheplanet”.Theylikenittohumanlungs.Eachtreetakesinandstorescarbondioxidefromtheairaroundit.Thetreesalsoreleasetheoxygenweneedtolive.TheAmazon,theworld’slargestrainforest,alsocreatesweather.Billionsoftreespullupwaterthroughtheirroots.Thenthetreesreleasewatervaporintotheair.Thevaporformsathickmist,madeupoftinydropsofwater.Thesewaterparticlesmoveupintothecloudsandlaterreturntoearthasrain.ScientistsestimatethattheAmazoncreates30to50percentofitsownrainfall.Duringtheelectioncampaign,BolsonaropromisedtoeaseprotectionforareasoftheBrazilianAmazonsetasidefornativepeoplesandwildlife.Hesaidtheindigenouslandsandnaturereservesrestricteconomicgrowth.“Allthesereservescauseproblemsfordevelopment，”hesaid.Thepresident­electalsotalkedabouttakingawaythepowerofBrazil’senvironmentalministrytoenforcelawsforprotectingtheenvironment.PauloArtaxoisaprofessorofenvironmentalphysicsattheUniversityofSãoPaulo.HesaidthatifBolsonarokeepshiscampaignpromises,then“deforestationoftheAmazonwillprobablyincreasequickly—andtheeffectswillbefelteverywhereontheplanet”．However,senator­electLuizCarlosHeinze,notedthatfarmersarenotinvaders(侵略者),butproducers.Heblamedthepastadministrationsforsupportingnativerightsattheexpenseoffarmers.“Brazil，”hesaid,“willbethebiggestfarmingnationonEarthduringBolsonaro’syears.”ScientistswarnthatiftheAmazonandotherrainforestslosetoomanytrees,thiscouldaffectrainfallandglobalclimate.Nobreandothersestimatethatthe“tipping”point(引爆点)fortheAmazonsystemis20to25percentdeforestation.Withoutenoughtreestosupporttherainfall,thelongerandbiggerdryseasoncouldturnmorethanhalfoftherainforestintoatropicalgrassland.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。众所周知，亚马孙热带雨林对整个地球的生态有着举足轻重的作用。其中，约60%的部分位于巴西。而2019年上任的巴西总统Bolsonaro承诺为了发展本国经济将允许农民砍伐更多的热带雨林树木，对此很多人感到忧心忡忡。7．WhatdoestheauthorsayabouttheAmazonrainforest?A．Itishometomorethan56，000speciesofplants.B．Itmakesupabout60%ofBrazil’srainforests.C．Itcrea