2024届高考英语七选五题型特点-解题思路 导学案

习题课高考英语七选五题型特点-解题思路-技巧及训练班级_________姓名___________日期________学习目标掌握七选五的解题思路和技巧一.前置研究：1.题目要求：根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。高考大纲要求：《考试说明》对该题型命题的目的表达为“主要考查考生对文章整体内容、结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。”2.考查方式1.篇：主旨句，即对文章整体内容的理解2.段：过渡句，注意文章结构3.句：注释句，注意上下文逻辑选项中的多余两项可以通过以上特点排除，如过于宽泛，以偏概全，或者偏离主题的句子，与文章行文结构不一致的句子，与上下文脱节的句子等应为多余选项。二.解题思路：1.看位置：是段首段中还是段尾2.找词汇：锁定选项与文中信息相关联的词汇3.思逻辑：思考选项与文中信息是否符合行文逻辑三.解题策略1.标题型（1）大标题短小精悍，大写。（2）小标题短小精悍，形式统一，多为名词性短语或祈使句2.首句型（1）首段首句，点出主题，引出下文。（2）中间段首句，本段主题，上下文承接。（3）末段首句，文章主题，总结全文。3.段中型细辨关系，注意关键词衔接（1）词汇线索，包括代词，同义词，近义词，反义词，原词复现。（2）逻辑关系线索，包括并列递进，转折对比，顺序因果，解释例证。4.段尾型承上启下作用或与上文存有某种逻辑关系或结论句四.解题步骤1.看标题副标题，预测文章大意,如果有的话。2.如果没有标题，先看选项，注意选项句首的连词，如If，But,And,However,等等；注意句子中的代词，如it,he,she,this,that，they等等，代词一般指代上文中提到的事物,因此有代词的选项，要弄清代词指代什么。用笔把这些词划下划线标注。3.通读全文，注重看空前空后的句子中出现的代词或名词性短语；注意文章行文结构，注意句式，例如，某段首句是空，而其它段开头都是祈使句，那么这个空应该也要填祈使句，那就在选项中找祈使句，如果选项中只有一个祈使句，那么就是它；如果有两个或以上祈使句，再看其是否能够概括该段的主题，再锁定答案。4.灵活掌握答题顺序，第一空一般先不要选，先易后难，先选确定的空，再逐步缩小包围圈。建议将阿拉伯题号写在选项字母前。5.代入答案，通读判断是否通顺，可以将多余选项代入文中，确定排除。五.实战演练,小试牛刀（先独立完成，然后小组讨论合作探究）1.词汇复现。词汇复现是指文章上下文不同位置对同一概念进行重复描述，以保证前后衔接，主要包括原词复现，同义词复现，近义词复现，反义词复现，派生词复现,同范畴词等。同范畴词。同范畴词是指跟此词汇相关或同一领域的词汇在文章中共同出现，达到语义衔接的目的。例如，fruitapple,banana,pear,sportsrunning,swimming,jumping,furniturebed,table,chair.Kids'health:FourstepsforfightingstressEverybodygetsstressedfromtimetotime.1_____.Somewaysofdealingwithstress-likescreamingorhittingsomeone一don'tsolvemuch.Butotherways,liketalkingtosomeoneyoutrust,canleadyoutosolvingyourproblemoratleastfeelingbetter.Trytakingthesefoursteps.thenexttimeyouarestressed:(1)Getsupport.Whenyouneedhelp,reachouttothepeoplewhocareaboutyou.Talktotrustedadult,suchasparentorotherrelatives.2____Theymighthavehadsimilarproblems,suchasdealingwithatest,orthedeathofabelovedpet.(2)Don'ttakeitoutonyourself.Sometimeswhenkidsarestressedandupsettheytakeitoutonthemselves.Oh,dear,that'snotgoodidea.Rememberthattherearealwayspeopletohelpyou.Don'ttakeitoutonyourself.3———(3)Trytosolvetheproblem.Afteryou'recalmandyouhavesupportfromadultsandfriends,it'stimetogetdowntobusiness.4______.Evenifyoucan'tsolveitall,youcansolveapieceofit.(4)Bepositive.Moststressistemporary(暂时的).Rememberstressdoesgoaway,especiallywhenyoufigureouttheproblemandstartworkingonsolvingit.Thesestepsaren'tmagic,buttheydowork.Andifyoucanstaypositiveasyoumakeyourwaythroughatoughtime,you'llhelpyourselffeelbetterevenfaster.5_____A.Askforahelpinghandtogetyouthroughthetoughsituation.B.Noticeyourfriends'feelingsandfindawaytohelpthem.C.DifferentpeoplefeelstressindifferentwaysD.Ah,itfeelssogoodwhenthestressisgone.E.Youneedtofigureoutwhattheproblemis.F.Anddon'tforgetaboutyourfriends.G.Then,findawaytocalmdown.2.代词指代。英语表达中代词出现的频率极高。代词是代替名词或一句话的一种词类。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。巧妙利用指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确快速地解题。Eyesightplaysaveryimportantroleinourdailylife.Everywakingmoment,theeyesareworkingtoseetheworldaroundus.OverfortypercentofAmericansworryaboutlosingeyesight,butit’seasytoincludestepsintoourdailylifetoensurehealthyeyes.Herearefivesuggestionsforalifetimeofhealthyeyesight:•Scheduleyearlyexams.1_____.Expertsadviseparentstobringbabies6to12monthsofagetothedoctorforacarefulcheck.Thegoodnewsisthatmillionsofchildrennowcanhaveyearlyeyeexamsandfollowingtreatment,includingeyeglasses.•ProtectagainstUVrays(紫外线).Long-termstayinthesuncreatesrisktoyoureyes.Nomatterwhattheseasonis,it’sextremelyimportanttowearsunglasses.2________.•Giveyoureyesabreak.Two-thirdsofAmericansspenduptosevenhoursadayusingcomputersorotherdigitalproducts.3_____.Expertsrecommendthatpeoplepracticethe20/20/20rule:every20minutes,takea20-secondbreakandlookatsomething20feetaway.•4______.Aspartofahealthydiet,eatmorefruitsandvegetableseachday.Vitamins(维生素)CandEhelpprotecteyesightandpromoteeyehealth.•Practicesafewearandcareofcontactlenses（隐形眼镜）.ManyAmericansusecontactlensestoimprovetheireyesight.Whilesomefollowthemedicalguidanceforwearingcontactlenses,manyarebreakingtherulesandputtingtheireyesightatrisk.5_____.Otherwise,youmayhaveproblemssuchasredeyes,painintheeyes,oramoreseriouscondition.A.Eatyourgreens.B.Eyecareshouldbeginearlyinlife.C.Theycanproperlyprotectyoureyes.D.Stayingoodshapebytakingmorevitamins.E.Parentsusuallydon’tcareabouttheirowneyesight.F.Alwaysfollowthedoctor’sadviceforappropriatewear.G.Thisfrequenteyeactivityincreasestheriskforeyetiredness.3.逻辑关系衔接。并列关系：First或Firstly,Second或Secondly,First,then,next;Inthefirstplace,inthesecondplace,foronething,fortheotherthing递进关系：besides,furthermore,moreover,what’smore,inaddition,tomakemattersworse因果关系：so,therefore,consequently,asaresult,asaresultof,because,becauseof,since,as,解释例证关系：forexample,forinstance,thatistosay,namely,inotherwords,转折对比关系：but,however,yet,while,though,or,otherwise,onthecontrary,nevertheless,still,incontrast,概括归纳关系：inshort,insummary,ingeneral,inconclusion,toconclude,brieflyspeaking,generallyspeaking,inaword,onthewhole,tosumup,Takinggoodnotesisatime-savingskillthatwillhelpyoutobecomeabetterstudentinseveralways1_______.Second,yournotesareexcellentmaterialstorefertowhenyouarestudyingforatest.Third,note-takingoffersvarietytoyourstudytimeandhelpsyoutoholdyourinterest.Youwillwanttotakenotesduringclassroomdiscussionsandwhilereadingatextbookordoingresearchforareport.2____.Wheneverorwhereveryoutakenotes,keepinmindthatnote-takingisaselectiveprocess.3______.

Thefollowingmethodsmayworkbestforyou.

●Readthetextquicklytofindthemainfactsandideasinit.

●Carefullyreadthetextandwatchforwordsthatcanshowmainpointsandsupportingfacts.

●Writeyournotesinyourownwords.

●4_______.

●Noteanyquestionsorideasyoumayhaveaboutwhatwassaidorwritten.

Asyoutakenotes,youmaywanttouseyourownshorthand.Whenyoudo,besurethatyouunderstandyoursymbolsandthatyouusethemallthetime.5______.

A.Usewords,notcompletesentences.

B.Therearethreepracticalnote-takingmethods.

C.Youmustwriteyournotesonseparatepaper.

D.Otherwise,youmaynotbeabletoreadyournoteslater.

E.Youwillalsowanttodevelopyourownmethodfortakingnotes.

F.Thatmeansyoumustfirstdecidewhatisimportantenoughtoincludeinyournotes.

G.First,thesimpleactofwritingsomethingdownmakesiteasierforyoutounderstandandrememberit.4.相似句式。比如上题中的第4空，应和其它句子一样，用祈使句。A（第2空）Forpeoplewiththousandsofpagestoread,speedreadingseemslikeamannafromheaven.Inaddition,speedreadinghelpslightentheloadofinformationyouhavetoabsorbsinceitprovidesafilterthatyoucanuseinscreeningallbitsofinformationbeforeyouapproachthem.1_____.Examininghowmuchinformationyouneedwillhelpyouidentifyhowyoushouldreadacertaindocumenttomaximizeyourlearningandcomprehension.Thoroughreadingmaynolongerbenecessaryinsomecases,suchaswhenyouonlyneedanoutlineofacertaindocument.Anotherskillthatcaneasetheburdenofareaderistheabilitytoreadwordsinblocks.Makesureyoudonotspendtoolongonacertainblock.2_____.Thisalsomakesreadinglesstiresomeandboring.Tomasterthisimportantskill,youhavetopracticereadingmoreandmorewordsinacertainblockatonetime.Asuggestionsharedbysomeexpertsregardingthisstepistoincreasethedistancebetweenyouandthedocumentyouarereading.Ifyoucanreadmoreandmorewordsinoneblock,youcancutdownonthetimeitusuallytakesyoutoreadacertaintextandyouwillbeabletoreadmoreinashorterperiod.Readersshouldalsopracticereducingthenumberoftimestheygobacktoprevioussectionsorblocks.Usingapointersuchasthetipofapencilorpencanalsohelptomaketheflowofyourreadingsmootherandfaster.3____.Thus,yourspeedinreadingwilllargelydependonthespeedofthemovementofyourpointer.Ifyoustillfindyourselfconfusedaboutthetopicevenafteryouhavefinishedreadingthedocument,donotre-readrightaway.Re-readingimmediatelywilljustleadtoslowerspeedinreading.4______.Gettingyourownreadingcornerwillalsohelp.5______.Continuepracticingandpracticingthetechniquesaforementionedandsoon,you'llachievethereadingspeedthatwillworkbestforyou.A.Inthistechnique,youreyeswillfollowthetipofthepointer.B.Thissavestimeandreducestheeffortthatyouhavetomake.C.Takingashortbreakfirstisrecommendedbeforereadingthematerialagain.D.Asafinalnote,themostimportantpointisconsistentanddeliberatepractice.E.Yourinvaluabletimecanbesavedifyoucanhaveyourreadingspeeddoubled.F.Thefirststeptoincreaseyourreadingspeedistoidentifythespecificinformationyouneed.G.Reducingthetimeyouspendonaspecificnumberofwordsinablockwillmakenodifference.B（第40空）Lotsofpeoplefindithardtogetupinthemorningandputtheblameonthealarmclock.Infact,thekeytoeasymorningwake-upliesinrestingyourbodyclock.36.Hereishowtomakeone.37.Inordertomakeachange,youneedtodecidewhyit'simportant.Doyouwanttogetupintimetohavebreakfastwithyourfamily,getinsomeexercise,orjustbebetterpreparedforyourday?Onceyouareclearaboutyourreason,tellyourfamilyorroommatesaboutthechangeyouwanttomake. Rethinkmornings.Nowthatyouknowwhyyouwanttowakeup,considerre-arrangingyourmorningactivities.Ifyouwanttimetohavebreakfastwithyourfamily,savesometimethenightbeforebysettingoutclothes,shoes,andbags.38.That’saquarter-hourmoreyoucouldbesleepingifyouboughtacoffeemakerwithatimer. Keepyoursleep/wakescheduleonweekends.Ifyou’retiredoutbyFridaynight,sleepinginonSaturdaycouldsoundwonderful.Butcompensatingontheweekendsactuallyfeedsintoyoursleepinessthefollowingweek,arecentstudyfound.39. Keeparecordandevaluateitweekly.Keeptrackofyoureffortsandwritedownhowyoufeel.Afteryou’vetriedanewmethodforaweek,takealookatyourrecord.40.Ifnot,takeanotherlookatothermethodsyoucouldtry.A.Getasleepspecialist.B.Findtherightmotivation.C.Abetterplanforsleepcanhelp.D.Andconsidersettingasecondalarm.E.Ifthestepsyoutakeareworking,keepitup.F.Sticktoyoursetbedtimeandwake-uptime,nomattertheday.G.Reconsiderthe15minutesyouspendinlineatthecafétogetcoffee.综合运用举例：TheScienceofRisk-SeekingSometimeswedecidethatalittleunnecessarydangerisworthitbecausewhenweweightheriskandthereward，theriskseemsworthtaking.__1__Someofusenjoyactivitiesthatwouldsurpriseandscaretherestofus.Why?Expertssayitmayhavetodowithhowourbrainswork.Thereasonwhyanyofustakeanyrisksatallmighthavetodowithearlyhumans.Risk－takerswerebetterathunting，fighting，orexploring.__2__Asthequalityofrisk－takingwaspassedfromonegenerationtothenext，humansendedupwithasenseofadventureandatoleranceforrisk.Sowhyaren’twealljumpingoutofairplanesthen?Well，even200，000yearsago，toomuchrisk－takingcouldgetonekilled.Afewdaringsurvived，though，alongwithafewstay－in－the－cavetypes.Asaresult，humansdevelopedarangeofcharactertypesthatstillexiststoday.Somaybeyoulovecarracing，ormaybeyouhateit.__3__.Nomatterwhereyouareontherisk－seekingrange,scientistssaythatyourwillingnesstotakerisksincreasesduringyourteenageyears.__4__Tohelpyoudothat，yourbrainincreasesyourhungerfornewexperiences.Newexperiencesoftenmeantakingsomerisks，soyourbrainraisesyourtoleranceforriskaswell.__5__Fortherisk－seekersapartofthebrainrelatedtopleasurebecomesactive，whilefortherestofus，apartofthebrainrelatedtofearbecomesactive.Asexpertscontinuetostudythescienceofrisk－seeking,we’llcontinuetohitthemountains，thewavesortheshallowendofthepool.Italldependsonyourcharacter.B．Thosearetherisksyoushouldjumptotake.C．Beingbetteratthosethingsmeantagreaterchanceofsurvival.D．Thus,thesewell－equippedpeoplesurvivedbecausetheywerethefittest.E．Thisiswhenyoustarttomoveawayfromyourfamilyandintothebiggerworld.F．However，wearenotallusingthesamereferencestandardtoweighrisksandrewards.G．Newbrainresearchsuggestsourbrainsworkdifferentlywhenwefaceanervoussituation.教师总结：词汇是基础，理解是关键。阅读是学习任何语言的方法和目的。博览群书，博闻强记，只有通过大量有益的阅读，才能拓展我们的语言能力，帮助我们获取所需的语言信息。阅读分为有声的朗读和默读，每天应抽出时间，大声朗读文章或对话，深刻体会篇章脉络，对于生词更要多次反复，加深记忆；默读适用于考试和平时阅读文章以获取有用信息，每读完一篇文章，要将生词解决，查清音标，词性，意思和固定搭配，记录在笔记本上或记在出处，早读和其它空闲时间，拿出来朗读背诵。自己小结：____________________________________________________________________________________________________________课后作业：AEveryoneknowsthatfishisgoodforhealth.__1__Butitseemsthatmanypeopledon’tcookfishathome.Americanseatonlyaboutfifteenpoundsoffishperpersonperyear,butweeattwiceasmuchfishinrestaurantsasathome.Buying,storing,andcookingfishisn’tdifficult._2_Thistextisabouthowtobuyandcookfishinaneasyway.__3__Freshfishshouldsmellsweet:youshouldfeelthatyou’restandingattheocean’sedge.Anyfishyorstrongsmellmeansthefishisn’tfresh.4__Whenyouhaveboughtafishandarrivehome,you’dbetterstorethefishintherefrigeratorifyoudon’tcookitimmediately,butfreshfishshouldbestoredinyourfridgeforonlyadayortwo.Frozenfishisn’tastastyasthefreshone.Therearemanycommonmethodsusedtocookfish.__5__First，cleanitandseasonitwithyourchoiceofspices(调料)．Putthewholefishonaplateandsteamitinasteampotfor8to10minutesifitweighsaboutonepound.(Alargeronewilltakemoretime.)Then，it’sreadytoserve.Donotbuyit.B．Theeasiestistosteamit.C．Thisishowyoucandoit.D．Itjustrequiresalittleknowledge.E．Thefishwillgobadwithinhours.F．Whenbuyingfish，youshouldfirstsmellit.G．Thefatsinfisharethoughttohelppreventheartdisease.BThisWaytoDreamlandDaydreamingmeanspeoplethinkaboutsomethingpleasant,especiallywhenthismakesthemforgetwhattheyshouldbedoing.Daydreamershaveabadreputationforbeingunawareofwhat’shappeningaroundthem.Theycanseemforgetfulandclumsy._1.__Theyannoyusbecausetheyseemtobeignoringusandmissingthe