2024年中考英语语法填空专题讲解

深圳中考英语语法填空专题

语法填空是深圳市2015年深圳中考英语中新设的一个题型，要求考生阅读一篇大约200词左右的短文，然后完成10个语法填空题。解题步骤1、通读全文，理解大意1）首先迅速地浏览全文，了解文章主旨，特别注意文章首尾句。通常文章会在首句给出一个提纲或提供背景信息的句子，在尾句表明自己的观点。2）其次，要注意一些关键词语或句子，特别是设计人物、时间、地点、原因、经过、结果的词句。3）另外，还要从文章的逻辑结构、上写文联系中挖掘作者的观点和态度。

2、结合语境，试填空格

读懂短文后，要结合短文所提供的特定的语言环境，从句子结构的完整性去分析思考空格所缺单词的词性，在根据句子的结构和意义，以及句子之间的逻辑关系来确定具体要填的单词和所给词的正确形式。

3、重读全文，解决难题

在解题过程当中要先易后难，在大部分空格填好后，再经过仔细推敲，难题也就不会再难了。所有空格填好后，把张片文章从头到尾复读一遍。

给英文提示主要考点：动（58%）时态>语态>非谓语>变名词/形容词/副词>情态动词名（13%）变复数>变形容词>所有格>变名词/副词形/副（18%）形变副>比较级>最高级>变名词>变反义词>其它代（7%）人称物主反身代词>不定代词>指示代词数（3%）基变序>变副词>特殊变化>概数>序变基>表年龄不给提示主要考点介（22%）in>for>with>as>from>to>on>of>at>by>after>than>off>like…连（27%）从句连接词/并列连词/固定搭配定语从句：people/those__who____XXXXX其他从句看翻译冠（14%）a/an/the

基数词变成序数词的口诀：基变序，有规律一、二、三，单独记；八去t，九除e，ve要用f替，ty变成tie，th最后加上去，要是遇到两位数，十位基数个位序基数词onethreefourfiveeightnineten序数词firstthirdfourthfiftheighthtenth缩写形式2nd3rd4th5th6th7th8th9th10th基数词eleventhirteenfourteenfifteeneighteennineteen序数词缩写形式12th13th14th15th16th17th18th19th基数词thirtyfortyfiftyeightyninety序数词缩写形式20th30th40th50th60th70th80th90th无提示词：34个纯填空题（每空一词）主要考点：1、冠词（aanthe），基本开始意思翻译就可以做对，做题小窍门可数名词单数前往往填a/anthe表示特指，这一个，那一个a/an+可数名词的单数，表示“一（个、本、只......）”a+辅音字母开头的单词an+元音字母（aeiou）开头的单词特殊情况：anhour一个小时anhonestyboy一个诚实的男孩aEuropeancountry一个欧洲的国家ausualbook一本普通的书aonewayticket一张单程票auniversity一所大学[Mr.Lihasonefox]中的任何一个字母单独出现都用an,其他用aanNBAteamanMP3Thereisa“p“intheword“drop”.2、介词(常见的介词，固定搭配，见九上U8语法）当在做题过程中实在记不起来固定搭配，回归到介词本身的意思，也大部分可以做对。常见使用的介词：inatonfromforofoffabout在/在··里面在/以关于/在··上面来自/自从为了/因为/对于··的远离/不在/缺席关于/大约bywithwithoutagainstthanbefore被/通过/用和/有/用/伴随不和/没有/缺乏反对比在··之前afteraroundwithinbelowunderover在···之后大约/在··周围/圆的在···以内在···下方在··正下方超过/结束/在··正上方beyondduringuponupdownalong超过在··期间在...上面向上/在...上面向下/在...下面沿着/沿途记住以下常用的和介词有关的短语初中英语中常用的介词短语搭配at短语beangryatsth.对某事生气arriveat到达……(小地方)knockat/on敲……atlast最后，终于laughat嘲笑lookat看，注视atthemoment现在，此时pointat/to指向attimes不时on短语agreeon(通过协商)达成共识callon拜访，看望eon快点儿；加油ondisplay在展出hangon稍等，别挂断onholiday度假，休假playajokeon和……开玩笑，戏弄……keepon继续liveon以……为食，靠……生活puton穿上；戴上turnon打开，旋开（收音机、电灯、煤气等）workon从事于，致力于to短语agreeto同意，答应，接受（计划、建议、条件、安排等）gotobed上床睡觉pare...to...把……与……作比较from...to...从……到……getto到达doharmto对……有害处leadto通往；导致payattentionto注意toone’ssurprise使某人吃惊的是take...to...把……带到/给……writeto...写信给……in短语arrivein到达……（大地方）indanger在危险中dropin顺便拜访handin交上，上交joinin参加inamoment马上，立即takepartin参加takepridein以……为荣insurprise吃惊地，惊讶地of短语beafraidof害怕takecareof照顾；处理makefunof嘲笑…insteadof代替；而不是learnof听说……speakof谈到，提起thinkof考虑；想出；认为about短语careabout担心；关心thinkabout考虑for短语callfor需要，要求；提倡，号召carefor关怀，照顾exceptfor除了……之外fightfor为……而战leavefor...前往……，去……lookfor寻找foramoment一会儿payforsth.为……付款sendfor派人去请away短语giveaway分发；赠送putaway收好，放好takeaway拿走，带走throwaway扔掉out短语breakout（火灾、战争等)突然发生，爆发outofbreath上气不接下气findout发现giveout分发goout出去makeout理解，明白pointout指出runout用完sellout卖完sendout发出setout动身，出发；开始，着手takeout取出，拿出turnout证明是，结果是workout算出；解决with短语agreewithsb.同意某人beangrywithsb.生某人的气keepupwith赶上catchupwith赶上,追上eupwith提出，想出becoveredwith被……覆盖dealwith处理；对待befilledwith用……充满makefriendswithsb.与某人交朋友getalong/on(well)withsb.与某人相处（融洽）helpsb.withsth.帮助某人做某事over短语eover顺便来访fallover跌倒goover复习，温习；检查lookover检查thinkover仔细考虑turnover把……翻过来；移交，转交down短语breakdown损坏；中断cutdown砍倒；削减，压缩getdown下来godown下落，下降pulldown拆毁putdown放下；写下setdown放下；记下shutdown把……关上，关闭takedown写下；记下turndown关小，调低writedown写下，记from短语acrossfrom...在。。。的对面breakawayfrom...脱离。。。bedifferentfrom..与。。不同hearfrom..收到。。。的来信learnfrom...向。。。学习tell...from...区分。。。辨别。。。up短语bringup养育，教育callup打；想起cheerup使……振奋fillup填满，装满fixup修理：安装goup上升，上涨growup长大（成人）hurryup赶快，赶紧lookup查阅，查找；向上看makeupone’smind决定，决心pickup(sb.)拾起；搭载/接载（某人）putup举起，挂起：张贴：搭建saveup存钱，积蓄setup创立，建立showup出席，露面situp坐起来stayup不睡，熬夜shutup住嘴speakup大声说thinkup想出tidyup整理turnup开大，调大（音量）off短语falloff从……跌落getoff下车giveoff发出（光、热、气味等）hurryoff匆匆离去putoff推迟seesb.off为某人送行setoff出发，启程showoff显示；夸耀takeoff脱下turnoff关掉(收音机、电灯、煤气等)after短语lookafter照看，照顾nameafter以……的名字命名runafter追赶;追求重叠式短语againandagain再三地，反复地onebyone一个接一个地arminarm臂挽着臂sidebyside肩并肩；一个接一个bitbybit一点一点地，逐渐地stepbystep逐步dayafterday日复一日fromdoortodoor挨家挨户facetoface面对面hereandthere到处，处处fromhousetohouse挨家挨户lessandless越来越少alldayandallnight整日整夜neckandneck并驾齐驱，不时间前面的介词使用：At+时间点On+具体到天In+其他At8:00OnMondayOnMay1stIn1995InMayInSpringOnMay1st1996固定搭配：inthemorning/afternoon/eveningatnoon/nightmorning/afternoon/evening/noon/night等词有修饰词时统统要用介词OnOnacoldmorningOnthenightof1995连词：考试的样式：连词句子,句子。句子，连词句子。做题小窍门：一定要根后文逻辑关系把所有关系连词都套进去，最通顺的就是答案并列连词：and、or、转折连词：but因果连词：because、so条件关系连词：if（注意：主将从现）、unless、or（否则）时间关系连词：when、while（注意使用bedoing时态）、until、till让步关系连词：although、Though目的关系连词：inorderthat、sothat（为了，以便）结果关系连词：so+形容词/副词that+句子such+名词that+句子（如此以至于）宾语从句关系词：that没有意思，可以省略if/whether是否，询问特殊疑问词根据前后文，缺少什么意思就填什么特殊疑问词Idon’tknowthatheesfromChina。Idon’tknowif/whetherheesfromChina。Idon’tknowwhereheesfrom。定语从句关系：先行词人，关系词：that/who/whose先行词物，关系词：that/which/whose用that不用who、which的情况：1、当先行词是下列不定代词或被它们修饰时much,little,none,all,few,every(thing),any(thing),no(thing)，nobody，anybody，somebody等时，通常用that2、当先行词有thevery,theonly,thesame等修饰时，通常用that3、当先行词有形容词最高级或序数词(包括last,next等)等修饰时，通常用that4、当先行词是一个既指人又指物的并列词组时，通常用thatThe girl that/who(主） was making a speech right now is our monitorWe all like that speaker that/who(主） is very humorous。She is the girl that/who/whom(宾） I met at the party。The old lady whose（定） two daughters are both teachers is our neighbour.Thebuildingthat/which(宾）wearelookingatusedtobeahospital.Thecoatthat/which(主）isputonthedesk

isblue.并列的两个或多个单词、短语，或句子之间设空，一般填入并列连词and，but，or等。

①

Each

winner

receives

a

gold

medal,a

diploma

a

sum

of

money.

②

He

was

very

tired

from

doing

this

for

a

whole

day,

he

felt

very

happy.

③

Which

do

you

prefer,folk

music

pop

music?

两句之间，如果不是并列句，则很可能是从句，因此需要填入连词。比如宾语从句，定语从句或者是状语从句的连接词。这种空格需要同学们根据句子结构，分析到底是什么从句，从而选择合适的连词。

①

Finally

he

reached

a

lonely

island

was

pletely

cut

off

from

the

outside

world.

②

The girl  is making a speech right now is our monitor

③

If

you

happen

to

get

lost

in

the

wild,you’d

better

stay

you

are.

④

we

have

enough

evidence,we

cannot

win

the

case.

⑤

Some

children

want

to

challenge

themselves

by

learning

a

language

different

from

their

parents

speak

at

home.

⑥

At

the

same

time,there

had

been

a

growing

number

of

overseas

students

came

back

to

China

after

study.

⑦

My

face

turned

red

on

hearing

my

mother

said.

4、代词（代词有可能给出提示词，也可能不给出提示词）（1）名词前面一般用冠词、代词或介词等。

①

A

young

man,while

traveling

through

a

desert,came

across

a

spring

of

clear

water.

water

was

sweet.

②

Besides,shopping

at

this

time

of

the

year

was

not

pleasant

Experience.

③

The

young

man

went

home

a

happy

heart.

④

Mo

Yan

won

the

Nobel

Prize

for

great

works.

(2)

缺主语或宾语，一般填代词。

①

Here

are

two

bags.The

blue

is

mine.

②

Suddenly

the

wall

moved

was

made

of

trees.

③

New

technologies

have

made

possible

to

turn

out

new

products

（二）有提示词：67个词汇变化题（词性变化），有提示词：根据上下文分析句子成分，确定空格所需要的词性，再根据前后文确定词形。主要考查：动词（时态、语态和非谓语动词）第一步看看句子是否缺少谓语，如果缺少谓语：首先考虑时态，接着还要考虑语态（主动还是被动语态）判断主动还是被动主要看主语和动词的关系。中考常考的时态：一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，现在进行时，现在完成时主动被动语态：主语和谓语是被动的关系（by：被）主动被动am/is/aredoneUnit2am/is/aredoneUnit2Unit2do/doesUnit2Unit2一般现在时：am/is/aregoingtobedonewillbedoneam/is/aregoingtobedonewillbedoneUnit2Unit2am/is/aregoingtodowilldoUnit2Unit2一般将来时：was/weredoneUnit2didwas/weredoneUnit2didUnit2Unit2一般过去时：am/is/arebeingdone2am/is/arebeingdone2Unit2am/is/aredoingUnit2Unit2现在进行时：各种时态的主动形式各种时态的主动形式各种时态的被动形式has/havebeendonehas/havedonehas/havebeendonehas/havedoneUnit2Unit2现在完成时：was/werewas/werebeingdonewas/weredoingUnit2Unit2过去进行时：hadbeendoneUnit2hadbeendoneUnit2Unit2haddoneUnit2Unit2过去完成时：was/weregoingtodowoulddowas/weregoingtodowoulddoUnit2Unit2was/weregoingtobedonewouldbedodone2Unit2过去将来时：一般现在时：主动：HespeaksEnglisheveryday.被动：Englishisspokenbyhimeveryday.主动：Theylikebooksverymuch.被动：Booksarelikedbythemverymuch.一般将来时：主动：Sheisgoingtostudymathsthenextyear.被动：Mathsisgoingtobestudiedbyherthenextyear.主动：Iwillvisityoutomorrow.被动：Youwillbevisitedbymetomorrow.一般过去时：主动：Iplayedfootballyesterday.被动：Footballwasplayedbymeyesterday.主动：Peoplespokethislanguagetenyeasago.被动：Thislanguagewasspokenbypeopletenyearsago.现在进行时：主动：WearehavingEnglishclassnow.被动：Englishclassisbeinghadbyusnow.主动：Theyareplayingputergames.被动：putergamesarebeingplayedbythem.现在完成时：主动：Hehasfinishedthistask.被动：Thistaskhasbeenfinishedbyhim.主动：Theyhavetaughtchemistryfortenyears.被动：Chemistryhasbeentaughtbythemfortenyears.过去进行时：主动：WewerehavingEnglishclassat10yesterday.被动：Englishclasswasbeinghadbyusat10yesterday.主动：Theywereplayingputergamesatnoonyesterday.被动：putergameswerebeingplayedbythematnoonyesterday.过去完成时：主动：Hehadfinishedthistask.被动：Thistaskhadbeenfinishedbyhim.过去将来时：主动：Shewasgoingtostudymaths.被动：Mathswasgoingtobestudiedbyher.第二步如果句中不缺少谓语，就要考虑非谓语（doing；todo；done）doing：1、介词后面接动词，动词要加ing：介词+doing2、某些动词后面再接动词，动词要加ing：某些动词+doing常考的某些动词（like、enjoy、finish、plete、consider、suggest、advise、imagine、practise、miss、prevent、include、mind、risk冒险、keep、can'tstand不能忍受、feellike、can'thelp情不自禁、beworth值得、lookforwardto）Hepractises_______(speak)Englisheveryday.(speaking)3、doing：一般表示进行，Chinaisadevelopingcountry4、表示伴随或者修饰作用的时候。逻辑主语和动词是主动关系，使用doing_____(Wait)therealongtime,hefeltimpatient.(Waiting)5、动词做主语，一般用doing Helpingothersishappy.Todo:1、翻译成中文的时候，可以翻译为了做某事或者去做某事就可以用todo，表目的、表方向Hecamehere_______(help）you。（tohelp）2、特殊疑问词后面接动词，动词要用todoIdon’tknowwhere_____(go).(togo)Done：1、表示伴随或者修饰作用的时候。逻辑主语和动词是被动关系，使用doneIhaveabook_____(write)byTom.(written)_____(break)byTom,thecupcan’tbeused.(Broken)_____(use)asameansoftrafficinChina,thebikeisveryuseful.（used）2、done一般表示完成。Japanisadevelopedcountry。两大注意问题：在英语中有些动词后面再接动词可以用todo；也可以接doing，但是中文意思不一样。todo忘记要去做某事todo记得要去做某事Forgetrememberdoing忘记做过某事doing记得做过某事todo停下来去做另一件某事todo努力去做某事Stoptrydoing停止做某事doing尝试做某事todo打算去做某事todo继续去做另外一件事meancontinuedoing意味着做某事doing继续做同一件事Regrettodo后悔要去做某事doing后悔做过某事B.和动词非谓语相关的固定句型，这些句型我们在写作中也可以用到五大句型：Itisadj.todosth.做某事是怎么样的。ItiseasytospeakEnglish.Itisadj.forsbtodosth.对某人来说做某事是怎么样的。ItiseasyformetospeakEnglish.Itisadj.ofsbtodosth.某人是怎么样的，因为做了某事Itissmartofhimtosayso。（smart/clever/wise/silly/foolish/stupid/rude/polite/impolite/patient/impatient/nice/kind/friendly）tooadjtodosth.太怎样而不能做某事Youaretoofattowalk.adjenoughtodosth足够怎么样去做某事Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.使役动词主动：makesbdosth.=letsbdosth.让某人做某事被动：sbbemadetodosth.=sbbelettodosth.某人被叫去做某事主动：MissMaimakesmespeakEnglisheveryday.被动：IammadetospeakEnglishbyMissMaieveryday.四大花费句型人+spend钱/时间onsthHespends2hoursonEnglishveryday.（in）doingsthIspent2millionyuan(in)buyingahouse.Ittakessb钱/时间todosth.Ittakesstudentsmuchtimetofinishschooltasks.人+pay钱forsthMyunclepaid100dollarsforthemeal.物+costssb钱/精力Thissmartphonecostmetoomuchmoney.time句型ItistimeforsthItistimeforclass.ItistimetodosthItistimetohaveclass.ItistimeforsbtodosthItistimeforustohaveclass.busy句型bebusywithsth.Wearebusywithfinalexamthesedays.bebusy(in)doingsth.Myfriendsareallbusy（in）peting.havedifficulty(in)doingsth.=havetrouble(in)doingsth.做某事有困难Heisdisabled,sohehasdifficulty(in)walking.wouldliketodosth=feellikedoingsth.想做某事Iwouldliketodrinkacupoftea.=Ifeellikedrinkingacupoftea.prefer句型preferAtoBIprefermilktotea.PreferdoingAtodoingBIpreferplayingfootballtoplayingbasketball.PrefertodosthIprefertostayathome.祈使句动词原形+其他。ein，please。Don’t+动词原形+其他。Don’tlaughatothers.finditadjtodosth.IfinditusefultolearnEnglishwell.hadbetterdosth.=’dbetterdosth最好做某事Youhadbetternotbelatefortheclass.whataboutdoingsth?=Howaboutdoingsth?做什么事情怎么样？（用来提建议）13、suggest（that)+句子[主语+（should)dosth]Myfathersuggests(that)we(should)keeprunningeveryweek.14、use句型useAtodosth.Fishermanusesanettocatchfish.Abeusedtodosth.Anetisusedtocatchfishbyfisherman.useAasBIusethisbookasanotebook.Whynotdosth?=Whydon’tyoudosth?为什么不做某事？Whynotstopsmoking?=Whydon’tyoustopsmoking?keepsbfromdoingsth=stopsbfromdoingsth=preventsbfromdoingsth阻止某人做某事Hardrainkeptusfromgoinghome.17、主动：seesbdosth看见某人做过某事被动：sbbeseentodosthSeesbdoingsth看见某人正在做某事主动：Isawathiefstealyourmoney.我看见一个小偷偷了你的钱。被动：Athiefwasseentostealyourmoneybyme。一个小偷被我看见偷了你的钱。Iseeyouplayingatthattime。那个时候我看到你正在玩耍。Watch、hear、notice、find、observe、具备一模一样的句型结构①

For

example,I

(order)a

digital

camera

online

the

other

day

and

saved

about

$50.

②

When

I

die,I

(give)

everything

to

you.

③

On

their

return,the

father

asked

his

son

(explain)

what

he

had

learnt.

④

They

are

animals

(live)

in

the

sea.

⑤

He

likes

reading

books

(write)

by

Lu

Xun.第三步：如果我们发现动词不做谓语，也不用改为非谓语，很可能改成对应的名词，做主语或者宾语。动词改为对应的名词一般有以下方法：+mentachieve—achievementadvertise—advertisementagree—agreementannounce—announcementappoint—appointmentargue—argumentarrange—arrangementdevelop—developmentdisappointdisappointmentexciteexcitementemployemploymentencourageencouragementimproveimprovementmanagemanagementpunishpunishmenttreattreatment+tionadd—additionapply—applicationappreciate—appreciationattractattractioncalculate—calculationcelebratecelebrationcollectcollectionmunicatemunicationpete—petitionpletepletionconfirmconfirmationcongratulatecongratulationconnectconnectionconsiderconsiderationcorrectcorrectioncreatecreationdescribe—descriptiondeterminedeterminationexplainexplanationexploreexplorationgraduategraduationimagineimaginationinforminformationintroduceintroductioninventinventioninviteinvitationoperateoperationorganizeorganizationpollutepollutionproduceproductionprotectprotectionremendremendationrelaterelationrepeatrepetitionsatisfysatisfactionsuggestsuggestiontranslatetranslation+sionconcludeconclusionconfuseconfusiondecidedecisiondiscussdiscussiondividedivisionpossesspossessionexpressexpressionimpressimpression+turedepart—departurefixfixture(固定物)furnishfurnituremixmixture+ceadvise—adviceappear—appearanceinsureinsuranceprefer—preferencechoose—choiceperformperformance+alapprove—approvalarrive—arrivalrefuserefusalsurvivesurvival+ingbelong—belongingsfeelfeeling(可数)suffersufferinggreetgreetings(多用复数)misunderstandmisunderstandingwarnwarningopenopeningmean—meaningsurroundsurroundingssaysaying(格言)suffersufferingspell—spelling+yapologize/se—apologydeliverdeliverydiscoverdiscoveryinjureinjuryrecoverrecoveryuniteunity+ar/or/er（人）beg—beggarpete—petitorconductconductoredit—editoreducateeducatorwinwinnercontain—container(容器)laugh—laughteroperate—operatorremindreminder(提醒物)robrobber(盗贼)translatetranslatorvisitvisitorteach—teacherwrite—writerinvent—inventor其他bathe—bathbehave—behaviorbelieve—beliefbleed—bloodpareparisondie—deathaffecteffectfailfailureknowknowledgeloselossmarrymarriagepleasepleasureproveproofrespond—responsesingsongsit(坐)seat(座位)succeedsuccessweighweight2、形容词和副词（包括形容词和之间的词性转换和词性转换以及比较级和最高级的变化）首先，我们要确认到底是填形容词还是副词。形容词一般用来修饰名词、代词，或作表语；副词一般用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。其次，我们还要考虑是否需要比较级或最高级。比较级有明显标志词than+er/前more根据前后文，看看是否有暗中比较或者前面有much、far、alot、alittle、abit、evenMyfatherismorepatientthanmymotherwhentheyareintrouble.AtfirstmyspokenEnglishisverybad,butaftermyhardworkitbeesbetter.Helaughsatothers,butIthinkheismuchfatter.最高级前面有the（如果没有，形容词的最高级记得加the，副词最高级可以加或者不加）+er/前most后面有范围（in+地点；of/among+sb/sth），有时候范围可能放在句首oneofthe+形容词最高级+可数名词复数ShanghaiisoneofthebiggestcitiesinChina原形——比较级—最高级①一般情况下词尾加er/est。short—shorter—shortest②以e结尾加r/st。wise—wiser—wisest③辅音加y结尾，去掉y，再加ier/iest。dry—drier—driest④“一个辅音+一个元音+一个辅音”的重读闭音节结尾一般双写最后一个辅音字母，再加er/est。hot—hotter—hottest特殊变化good/wellbetterbestill/badworseworstlittlelessleastmany/mostmoremostfarfartherfarthest一般用于指距离上的远farfurtherfurthest除了用于指距离上的远,还可以指抽象的、程度上的进一步如何要修饰动词，或者修饰一句话，把形容词改副词：如何把形容词变成副词一般+“ly”quick—quicklyslow—slowly辅音+y结尾，改y为i，+lyhappy—happilylucky—luckily以le结尾，去e加ypossible—possiblygentle—gently形容词和副词同形：fasthardearlyweeklydirectly①

Before

the

trip

I

saw

we

were

rich,but

today

I

learnt

who

is

(true)

rich.

②

He

must

be

(mental)

disabled.

③

His

teacher

took

a

deep

drink,smiled

(warm).

④

(Fortune),nobody

was

injured

and

no

buildings

were

destroyed.

⑤Some

people

say

that

the

oldest

child,who

are

smart

and

strongwilled,are

very

likely

(succeed).

⑥

The

winning

car

reached

a

speed

of

forty

miles

an

hourmuch

(fast)

than

any

of

its

rivals.3、代词：如果给出代词，就应该在代词的五种形式之间变换。（人称代词的主格和宾格，形容词性物主代词，名词性物主代词，反身代词之间的变化）人称代词主格：Iweyouyouhesheitthey(做主语）人称代词宾格：meusyouyouhimheritthem（做宾语）形容词性物主代词：myouryouryourhisheritstheir（后面加名词）名词性物主代词：mineoursyoursyourshishersitstheirs（相当于是一个名词）反身代词：myselfourselvesyourselfyourselveshimselfherselfitselfthemselves（和主语保持一致）跟反身代词相关的短语：enjoyoneself（玩的愉快）teachoneself（自学）behaveoneself（行为端正）Helponeself（自便）helponeselfto+食物（随便吃）4、名词（首先考虑名词单复数，可数不可数，接着考虑把名词改为形容词，考虑“所有格”）首先考虑名词的单复数，可数不可数：如何把可数名词单数变为复数规则变化+“s”cake—cakespen—pens辅音+y结尾，改y为i，+“es”city—citiesstory—stories以s,x,sh,ch结尾，+“es”box—boxesglass—glasseswatch—watches以o结尾，有生命，+“es”tomato—tomatoeshero—heroes无生命，+“s”,zoo—zoos;photo—photos以f\fe结尾，把f\fe改为vesleaf—leavesknife—knivesroof—roofssafe—safes（特例）不规则变化foot—feettooth—teethgoose—geeseman—menwoman—womendeer—deersheep—sheepfish—fishChinese—ChineseJapanese—Japanesechild—childrenmouse—miceawomanteachertwowomenteachersamandoctortwomendoctorsanappletreetwoappletreesAbookshopthreebookshops不可数名词常见不可数名词液体：watermilkcolacoffeeteajuiceorangeoil可随意切割：meatbeefchickenglassbreadpaper难分：sandricehairrubbish气体：gasair抽象:advice,news,information,homework,housework,money,time接着考虑要不要把名词改为形容词，用来修饰名词或者系动词如何把名词变成形容词+“al”person—personal个人的nation—national国家的nature—natural自然的centre—central中心的tradition—traditional传统的+“y”（尤其和天气有关的）rain—rainywind—windysnow—snowyfog—foggysun—sunnyluck—luckyhealth—healthyfun—funnysleep—sleepy困的+“ous”humor—humorousdanger—dangerous+“ly”friend—friendlylive—livelylove—lovelyweek—weeklyday—daily（五大变态，这五个单词以ly结尾，不是副词而是形容词）+“en”（和材料有关）wood—wooden木制的gold—goldenwool—woolen羊毛的ce改为tsilence—silentdifference—differentimportance—importantconfidence—confidentintelligenceintelligent去e加ytaste—tastyjuice—juicyice—icynoise—noisy+“ful”use—usefulthank—thankfulhope—hopefulcare—carefulhelp—helpfulcolor—colorful+“less”（否定）care—carelesshope—hopelesshelp—helplessuse—uselessfool—foolishselfselfish①

You

must

be

very

careful

with

these

(knife).

②

My

favorite

（hobby）are

painting

and

drawing.语法填空专项练习（1）It’sveryimportantthatweallrecycle(再利用)things.Innature,everything1.__________(use)again.Forexample,whenananimaldies,itbeesotheranimals’food.Nothingiswasted.But2.__________(human)havecreatedthingslikeplasticbags3.__________can’tbebrokendownbynature.Ourrubbishkillsanimalsand4.___________(pollute)waterandsoil.5.__________wecontinuemakingtoomuchrubbish,theproblemwillonlyget6.__________bad).Ifnaturecan’treusetherubbish,wemustrecycleit.Weshouldcleanuptherubbishwe’vemadebecausenaturecan’t.Recyclingisalsotherightthingtodoforanotherreason.Theearthisrichinnaturalmaterials7.__________waterandtrees,butthesematerialsarenotendless.Weuseupournaturalmaterialsmuch8.___________(fast)thantheearthisabletoreproducethem.Forexample,eachyearwecut9.__________morethan6000squaremilesofforest.Butittakesanaverageof25yearsforanewtree10.__________(grow).Recyclingcanhelpussavetheearth,solet’stakeactionrightnow.（2）Airisveryimportanttoeverythingthatlives.But1.__________airwebreatheisgettingdirty.Peopleallovertheworldarelooking2.__________waystomakeitcleanagain.Haveyoueverwatchedthesmokefromchimneys(烟囱)3.__________(rise)highintheair?Haveyou4.__________(see)thesmokefromcarsandtrucksonroadsorthesmokefromplanes?Thesmokeis5.__________(harm)toeveryone,especiallyoldpeopleandchildren.Ifwewant6.__________(keep)wellandstrong,weneedtobreathefreshair.7.__________moreandmorefactorieseverywhereandmoreandmorecars,trucksandplanes,itisgettingharderandhardertodowiththeair8.__________(pollute).9.__________(science)havealreadyfoundwaystostoporslowdownsomeofthethingsthatmaketheairdirty.Theywillnotstopworking10.__________wehavecleanairagain.(3)Pleaseeattherightfood.Itcanhelpyoulivealongerand1.__________(health)life.Youshouldeatdifferent2.__________(kind)offood,especiallylowfatfoods,such3.__________vegetables,fruit,fish4.__________milk.Itisnever5.__________latetostarteatingproperly.Weighingtoomuchortoolittlecanlead6.__________healthproblems.Aftertheageof45,manypeoplebeeoverweight.Youcancontrolyour7.__________(weigh)by8.__________(eat)healthyfoodandbeing9.__________(act).Youshouldspendtimeonphysicalexercise.Iftheweatherisbad,tryanexerciseshow10.__________TV,watchanexercisetapeathomeorwalkaroundshoppingcenter.(4)IamJackieLee,anAmericanChinese.Letmetellyouaboutmy1.__________(grandfather)lifestory.Mygrandfatherwasbornin1932andgrewupinapoorvillageinFujian,China.Attheageof14,hefirst2.__________(hear)ofAmerica.Itwassaidtobethelandofgoldandpoorpeoplecould3.__________(easy)beerichthere.So,mygrandfathercametoAmerica."IhadthoughtitwaseasytomakemoneyinAmerica,"hetoldme."ButwhenIarrived4.__________LosAngeles,Irealizeditwasnottrue.Icouldn'tfindagoodjobbecauseIspokelittleEnglish.IwantedtogotoalanguageschooltolearnEnglish,5.__________Icouldn'taffordit.Later,Iworkedinasmallrestaurant,servingthe6.__________(guest),cleaningupthetables,washingthedishesand7.__________(sweep)thefloors.Iwassuch8.__________helpfulandhonestworkerthatmybosswaspleasedwithme.Iwaspopularwithmyworkmatestoo.LifebecameeasierthanbeforeandintheendIenteredaneveningschooltolearnEnglish.Mygrandfatherkeptworkinghard,andfinallymade9.__________(he)dreametrue.Thingsdonoteeasilyinlife.ThatiswhatIhavelearned10.__________mygrandfather.(5)Forthosewhojustlovetosh