2021-2022学年部编版高中语文选择性必修下册13-1《自然选择的证明》课件33张

自然选择的证明达尔文目录CONTENTS01020304作者及作品介绍主要观点及写作思路选文的艺术特色拓展练习一、作者及作品介绍Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenter

yourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.ADDYOURTEXTHEREClickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.ADDYOURTEXTHEREClickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.ADDYOURTEXTHERE查尔斯·罗伯特·达尔文(1809—1882)，英国博物学家，进化论的奠基人。曾经乘坐“贝格尔号”舰作了历时5年的环球航行，对动植物和地质结构等进行了大量的观察和采集。出版《物种起源》，提出了生物进化论学说，从而摧毁了各种唯心的神造论以及物种不变论。1882年4月19日，达尔文因病逝世，享年73岁，葬于威斯敏斯特大教堂。1.1关于达尔文Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.ADDYOURTEXTHEREClickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.ADDYOURTEXTHEREClickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.ADDYOURTEXTHERE《物种起源》于1859年11月24日在伦敦出版。在书中，达尔文根据20多年积累的对古生物学、生物地理学、形态学、胚胎学和分类学等许多领域的大量研究资料，以自然选择为中心，从变异性、遗传性、人工选择、生存竞争和适应等方面论证物种起源和生命自然界的多样性与统一性。1.2《物种起源》Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.ADDYOURTEXTHEREClickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.ADDYOURTEXTHEREClickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.ADDYOURTEXTHERE在书中，达尔文的《物种起源》非常有意义，这本书可以用来当做历史上的阶级斗争的自然科学根据。——马克思

我认为《物种起源》这本书的格调是再好也没有的，它可以感动那些对这个问题一无所知的人们。至于达尔文的理论，我准备即使赴汤蹈火也要支持。

——英国博物学家赫胥黎1.3名家评价Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.ADDYOURTEXTHEREClickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.ADDYOURTEXTHEREClickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.ADDYOURTEXTHERE达尔文在《物种起源》中的主导思想，即“自然选择”，一定会被当做科学上的确定真理而为人们所接受。它有一切伟大的自然科学真理所具有的特征，变模糊为清晰，化复杂为简单，并且在旧有的知识上添加了很多新的东西。达尔文是本世纪的、甚至是一切世纪的博物学中最伟大的革命者。

——英国植物学家华生1.3名家评价二、主要观点及写作思路Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.ADDYOURTEXTHEREClickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.ADDYOURTEXTHEREClickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.ADDYOURTEXTHERE第一步：理解句意地质学揭示，大陆经历过环境变迁，我们可望在自然条件下看到生物变异。生物在自然状态下发生变异，说明自然选择发挥了作用。有人认为自然条件下变异量小，但这种观点无法证实。虽然变异结果难确定，但积累驯养生物个体的微小差异，短时间内也能产生大的效果。大家公认物种存在个体差异，博物学家还承认自然变种的存在。Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.ADDYOURTEXTHEREClickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.ADDYOURTEXTHEREClickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.ADDYOURTEXTHERE第二步：分层地质学揭示，大陆经历过环境变迁，我们可望在自然条件下看到生物变异。生物在自然状态下发生变异，说明自然选择发挥了作用。有人认为自然条件下变异量小，但这种观点无法证实。虽然变异结果难确定，但积累驯养生物个体的微小差异，短时间内也能产生大的效果。大家公认物种存在个体差异，博物学家还承认自然变种的存在。╱╱Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.ADDYOURTEXTHEREClickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.ADDYOURTEXTHEREClickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.ADDYOURTEXTHERE第三步：概括段意1.生物在自然状态下发生变异，说明自然选择发挥了作用。大家公认物种存在个体差异，博物学家承认自然变种的存在，都证明了自然选择的作用。Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.ADDYOURTEXTHEREClickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.ADDYOURTEXTHEREClickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.ADDYOURTEXTHERE活动一：小组合作，找到段落中心句1.生物在自然状态下发生变异，说明自然选择发挥了作用。大家公认物种存在个体差异，博物学家承认自然变种的存在，都证明了自然选择的作用。2.择优弃劣、适者生存的自然选择学说是可信的。3.任何物种其实都是变种。4.自然选择的结果就更倾向于保存物种中那些最为歧异的后代。Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickhere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oenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.ADDYOURTEXTHEREClickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.ADDYOURTEXTHEREClickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.ADDYOURTEXTHERE概括梳理、归类整合物种在自然状态下发生变异，说明自然选择发挥了作用。择优弃劣、适者生存的自然选择学说是可信的。任何物种其实都是变种，自然选择的结果就更倾向于保存物种中那些最为歧异的后代。自然选择是渐变的，渐变理论可以解释许多事实，如物种的美感、物种的本能；地质考古的证据、生物迁移和地理分布的事实等等都可以证明自然选择中的遗传和变异理论。Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.ADDYOURTEXTHEREClickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.ADDYOURTEXTHEREClickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.ADDYOURTEXTHERE概括梳理、归类整合物种在自然状态下发生变异，说明自然选择发挥了作用。择优弃劣、适者生存的自然选择学说是可信的。任何物种其实都是变种，自然选择的结果就更倾向于保存物种中那些最为歧异的后代。自然选择是渐变的，渐变理论可以解释许多事实，如物种的美感、物种的本能、变种的杂交后代与父母相似等；地质考古的证据、生物迁移和地理分布的事实等等都可以证明自然选择中的遗传和变异理论。Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.ADDYOURTEXTHEREClickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.ADDYOURTEXTHEREClickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.ADDYOURTEXTHERE引起思考自然条件下变异自然选择解释证明结果物种之美以及自然并非完美无缺动物的本能变种杂交后代酷似父母特点地质记录地理分布迁移理论择优弃劣适者生存渐变缓慢Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.ADDYOURTEXTHEREClickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.ADDYOURTEXTHEREClickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.ADDYOURTEXTHERE

选文首先提出论点，并初步论证了自然选择客观上存在可能性，事理上具有合理性，然后从物种最初的存在形式大量变种的存在、物种的演化与改良、生物的遗传性与变异性、生物的地理分布等方面，列举了大量科学考察所得到的事实，充分证明了自然选择决定了生物进化的方向这一观点，有力地驳斥了物种特创论的观点。活动三、主旨归纳及观点明晰（1）《物种起源》提出人类和动物的祖先是一样的，这一理念对西方社会和思想产生了深刻的影响，也是现代生物学和进化论的基础。（2）《物种起源》第一次把生物学建立在完全科学的基础上，以全新的生物进化思想，推翻了“神创论”和物种不变的理论。（3）《物种起源》是达尔文进化论的代表作，标志着进化论的正式确立，是一本划时代的科学巨著，是科学对宗教的胜利。了解《物种起源》的意义三、选文的艺术特色①知识的科学性：作者在文中援引了大量科学考察所得到的事实以及一些其他学科的研究成果，使自己的论证建立在科学的事实基础之上，结论无可辩驳。②综述的完备性：选文部分从生物物种的最初形态，到生物的习性、本能、遗传与变异，以及物种的灭绝与地理分布，做了全面的论证。4.1归纳本文的艺术特色③态度的严谨性：作者在论证过程中，并没有摆出生物学权威的姿态，对不了解的内容坦然承认。比如在谈到自然选择让“自然界处处充满着美”时，对“某些颜色、声音和形态何以能给人及动物以愉悦”“最简单的美感，最初是如何获得的”等问题就没有给出答案，而是坦然地说“这是很难搞清楚的”。④结论的明确性：摆事实，讲道理，兼以与特创论的屡次对比，使结论鲜明而稳固。4.2归纳本文的艺术特色四、拓展研究Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoenteryourtext.Clickheretoentery