2019年4月自考00595英语阅读一试题及答案含解析

英语阅读（一）年月真题

0059520194

1、【单选题】Passage1Questions1to5arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Rajis

amiddle-agedman.Althoughhewasbominapoorfamily,hewasraisedwell.His

fatherownedawelding(焊接)shop,andusedtoworkformorethan12hoursaday,

sothathisfamilycouldleadacomfortablelife.However,Raj’sfathercouldnot

earnsufficientmoneytoprovideadecentlifetohisfamily.Beinganaverage

studentinschool,Rajusedtoscorearound70percentmarks.Raj’sdreamwasto

becomeadoctor.Sincehismarksweren’tveryhigh,hecouldnotgetthedesired

course.Instead，hejoinedabachelor’sdegreecourse,completedthecourse

successfully，andgotajobinacompany.Whilehislifewasgoingonwithno

dramaticchange,hisfathercontinuedtoworkinhisweldingshop,sothathedid

nothavetodependonRaj.Aftergettingapermanentjob,Rajgotmarriedandat

thesametimewasalsopromotedinhisjob.Later，Rajbegantoearnahandsome

salary，andstartedtoliveluxuriously.Heboughtanewhouse.Althoughhis

companyprovidedhimwithacar,Rajpurchasedanewcar!Afteranextravagant(奢

侈的)lifethatlastedalmost6to7years，Rajwasneitherabletomanageallthe

householdexpenses,norpayforthechildren'seducationandotherbasic

necessities.ItsohappenedthatRaj'sfatherfellsick,andasaresult,could

notcontinuehiswork.HerequestedRajtogivehimsomemoney.Raj,

alreadysufferingfromfinancialcrisis,refusedtohelp.Afteraweek,whileRaj

wasonanofficialtour,hemetaboyagedabout10yearssellingtoys.Theboy

requestedRajtobuysomething.Rajaskedtheboywhyhewassellingtoysinstead

ofstudying.Theboyreplied,“Myfatherhadanaccident.Hecannotworknow.My

motherworksasamaid.I’mhelpingmyparentsbysellingthesetoys.Igoto

schoolinthemorning,andselltoysintheevening.Iworkforthreehoursaday

andstudyatnight!”Rajpurchasedafewtoysfromthelittleboy.Hethought

aboutwhattheboyhadsaid.Herealizedthathehadbeenwronginthewayhe

treatedhisparents.Hehadlearntalessonfromtheboy.Ataverysmallage,

thisboywashelpinghisparents,butRaj,inordertomeetthedemandsofhis

ownlavish(奢侈的)lifestyle,hadneglectedhisparents.Whatkindoflifedid

Rajlivewhenhewassmall?

Acomfortablelife

Amiserablelife.

A:

Adecentlife.

B:

Alonelylife.

C:

答D:案：A

2、【单选题】Passage1Questions1to5arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Rajis

amiddle-agedman.Althoughhewasbominapoorfamily,hewasraisedwell.His

fatherownedawelding(焊接)shop,andusedtoworkformorethan12hoursaday,

sothathisfamilycouldleadacomfortablelife.However,Raj’sfathercouldnot

earnsufficientmoneytoprovideadecentlifetohisfamily.Beinganaverage

studentinschool,Rajusedtoscorearound70percentmarks.Raj’sdreamwasto

becomeadoctor.Sincehismarksweren’tveryhigh,hecouldnotgetthedesired

course.Instead，hejoinedabachelor’sdegreecourse,completedthecourse

successfully，andgotajobinacompany.Whilehislifewasgoingonwithno

dramaticchange,hisfathercontinuedtoworkinhisweldingshop,sothathedid

nothavetodependonRaj.Aftergettingapermanentjob,Rajgotmarriedandat

thesametimewasalsopromotedinhisjob.Later，Rajbegantoearnahandsome

salary，andstartedtoliveluxuriously.Heboughtanewhouse.Althoughhis

companyprovidedhimwithacar,Rajpurchasedanewcar!Afteranextravagant(奢

侈的)lifethatlastedalmost6to7years，Rajwasneitherabletomanageallthe

householdexpenses,norpayforthechildren'seducationandotherbasic

necessities.ItsohappenedthatRaj'sfatherfellsick,andasaresult,could

notcontinuehiswork.HerequestedRajtogivehimsomemoney.Raj,

alreadysufferingfromfinancialcrisis,refusedtohelp.Afteraweek,whileRaj

wasonanofficialtour,hemetaboyagedabout10yearssellingtoys.Theboy

requestedRajtobuysomething.Rajaskedtheboywhyhewassellingtoysinstead

ofstudying.Theboyreplied,“Myfatherhadanaccident.Hecannotworknow.My

motherworksasamaid.I’mhelpingmyparentsbysellingthesetoys.Igoto

schoolinthemorning,andselltoysintheevening.Iworkforthreehoursaday

andstudyatnight!”Rajpurchasedafewtoysfromthelittleboy.Hethought

aboutwhattheboyhadsaid.Herealizedthathehadbeenwronginthewayhe

treatedhisparents.Hehadlearntalessonfromtheboy.Ataverysmallage,

thisboywashelpinghisparents,butRaj,inordertomeetthedemandsofhis

ownlavish(奢侈的)lifestyle,hadneglectedhisparents.Rajjoinedabachelor's

degreecourseinsteadofthedesiredcoursebecause____.

hedidn’thaveenoughmoneyforthedesiredcourse

hedidn'tscorewellenoughinschool

A:

hewantedtobecomeadoctor

B:

hegotajobinacompany

C:

答D:案：B

3、【单选题】Passage1Questions1to5arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Rajis

amiddle-agedman.Althoughhewasbominapoorfamily,hewasraisedwell.His

fatherownedawelding(焊接)shop,andusedtoworkformorethan12hoursaday,

sothathisfamilycouldleadacomfortablelife.However,Raj’sfathercouldnot

earnsufficientmoneytoprovideadecentlifetohisfamily.Beinganaverage

studentinschool,Rajusedtoscorearound70percentmarks.Raj’sdreamwasto

becomeadoctor.Sincehismarksweren’tveryhigh,hecouldnotgetthedesired

course.Instead，hejoinedabachelor’sdegreecourse,completedthecourse

successfully，andgotajobinacompany.Whilehislifewasgoingonwithno

dramaticchange,hisfathercontinuedtoworkinhisweldingshop,sothathedid

nothavetodependonRaj.Aftergettingapermanentjob,Rajgotmarriedandat

thesametimewasalsopromotedinhisjob.Later，Rajbegantoearnahandsome

salary，andstartedtoliveluxuriously.Heboughtanewhouse.Althoughhis

companyprovidedhimwithacar,Rajpurchasedanewcar!Afteranextravagant(奢

侈的)lifethatlastedalmost6to7years，Rajwasneitherabletomanageallthe

householdexpenses,norpayforthechildren'seducationandotherbasic

necessities.ItsohappenedthatRaj'sfatherfellsick,andasaresult,could

notcontinuehiswork.HerequestedRajtogivehimsomemoney.Raj,

alreadysufferingfromfinancialcrisis,refusedtohelp.Afteraweek,whileRaj

wasonanofficialtour,hemetaboyagedabout10yearssellingtoys.Theboy

requestedRajtobuysomething.Rajaskedtheboywhyhewassellingtoysinstead

ofstudying.Theboyreplied,“Myfatherhadanaccident.Hecannotworknow.My

motherworksasamaid.I’mhelpingmyparentsbysellingthesetoys.Igoto

schoolinthemorning,andselltoysintheevening.Iworkforthreehoursaday

andstudyatnight!”Rajpurchasedafewtoysfromthelittleboy.Hethought

aboutwhattheboyhadsaid.Herealizedthathehadbeenwronginthewayhe

treatedhisparents.Hehadlearntalessonfromtheboy.Ataverysmallage,

thisboywashelpinghisparents,butRaj,inordertomeetthedemandsofhis

ownlavish(奢侈的)lifestyle,hadneglectedhisparents.WhathappenedtoRaj

whenhisfatherfellsick?

Hegotfired.

Helosthisnewcar.

A:

Hehadnohousetolivein.

B:

Hesufferedfromfinancialcrisis.

C:

答D:案：D

4、【单选题】Passage1Questions1to5arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Rajis

amiddle-agedman.Althoughhewasbominapoorfamily,hewasraisedwell.His

fatherownedawelding(焊接)shop,andusedtoworkformorethan12hoursaday,

sothathisfamilycouldleadacomfortablelife.However,Raj’sfathercouldnot

earnsufficientmoneytoprovideadecentlifetohisfamily.Beinganaverage

studentinschool,Rajusedtoscorearound70percentmarks.Raj’sdreamwasto

becomeadoctor.Sincehismarksweren’tveryhigh,hecouldnotgetthedesired

course.Instead，hejoinedabachelor’sdegreecourse,completedthecourse

successfully，andgotajobinacompany.Whilehislifewasgoingonwithno

dramaticchange,hisfathercontinuedtoworkinhisweldingshop,sothathedid

nothavetodependonRaj.Aftergettingapermanentjob,Rajgotmarriedandat

thesametimewasalsopromotedinhisjob.Later，Rajbegantoearnahandsome

salary，andstartedtoliveluxuriously.Heboughtanewhouse.Althoughhis

companyprovidedhimwithacar,Rajpurchasedanewcar!Afteranextravagant(奢

侈的)lifethatlastedalmost6to7years，Rajwasneitherabletomanageallthe

householdexpenses,norpayforthechildren'seducationandotherbasic

necessities.ItsohappenedthatRaj'sfatherfellsick,andasaresult,could

notcontinuehiswork.HerequestedRajtogivehimsomemoney.Raj,

alreadysufferingfromfinancialcrisis,refusedtohelp.Afteraweek,whileRaj

wasonanofficialtour,hemetaboyagedabout10yearssellingtoys.Theboy

requestedRajtobuysomething.Rajaskedtheboywhyhewassellingtoysinstead

ofstudying.Theboyreplied,“Myfatherhadanaccident.Hecannotworknow.My

motherworksasamaid.I’mhelpingmyparentsbysellingthesetoys.Igoto

schoolinthemorning,andselltoysintheevening.Iworkforthreehoursaday

andstudyatnight!”Rajpurchasedafewtoysfromthelittleboy.Hethought

aboutwhattheboyhadsaid.Herealizedthathehadbeenwronginthewayhe

treatedhisparents.Hehadlearntalessonfromtheboy.Ataverysmallage,

thisboywashelpinghisparents,butRaj,inordertomeetthedemandsofhis

ownlavish(奢侈的)lifestyle,hadneglectedhisparents.Whydidtheten-year-old

boyselltoysintheevening?

Hetriedtogetsomeexperiencewhileatschool.

Hewantedtoearnmoneytohelphisfamily.

A:

Hewantedtotakecareofhimself.

B:

Hewastoopoortogotoschool.

C:

答D:案：B

5、【单选题】Passage1Questions1to5arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Rajis

amiddle-agedman.Althoughhewasbominapoorfamily,hewasraisedwell.His

fatherownedawelding(焊接)shop,andusedtoworkformorethan12hoursaday,

sothathisfamilycouldleadacomfortablelife.However,Raj’sfathercouldnot

earnsufficientmoneytoprovideadecentlifetohisfamily.Beinganaverage

studentinschool,Rajusedtoscorearound70percentmarks.Raj’sdreamwasto

becomeadoctor.Sincehismarksweren’tveryhigh,hecouldnotgetthedesired

course.Instead，hejoinedabachelor’sdegreecourse,completedthecourse

successfully，andgotajobinacompany.Whilehislifewasgoingonwithno

dramaticchange,hisfathercontinuedtoworkinhisweldingshop,sothathedid

nothavetodependonRaj.Aftergettingapermanentjob,Rajgotmarriedandat

thesametimewasalsopromotedinhisjob.Later，Rajbegantoearnahandsome

salary，andstartedtoliveluxuriously.Heboughtanewhouse.Althoughhis

companyprovidedhimwithacar,Rajpurchasedanewcar!Afteranextravagant(奢

侈的)lifethatlastedalmost6to7years，Rajwasneitherabletomanageallthe

householdexpenses,norpayforthechildren'seducationandotherbasic

necessities.ItsohappenedthatRaj'sfatherfellsick,andasaresult,could

notcontinuehiswork.HerequestedRajtogivehimsomemoney.Raj,

alreadysufferingfromfinancialcrisis,refusedtohelp.Afteraweek,whileRaj

wasonanofficialtour,hemetaboyagedabout10yearssellingtoys.Theboy

requestedRajtobuysomething.Rajaskedtheboywhyhewassellingtoysinstead

ofstudying.Theboyreplied,“Myfatherhadanaccident.Hecannotworknow.My

motherworksasamaid.I’mhelpingmyparentsbysellingthesetoys.Igoto

schoolinthemorning,andselltoysintheevening.Iworkforthreehoursaday

andstudyatnight!”Rajpurchasedafewtoysfromthelittleboy.Hethought

aboutwhattheboyhadsaid.Herealizedthathehadbeenwronginthewayhe

treatedhisparents.Hehadlearntalessonfromtheboy.Ataverysmallage,

thisboywashelpinghisparents,butRaj,inordertomeetthedemandsofhis

ownlavish(奢侈的)lifestyle,hadneglectedhisparents.WhatlessondidRaj

learnfromtheboy?

Wecanmakealivingonourownregardlessofage.

Oneshouldberesponsibleforone'sparents.

A:

Peopleshoulddependontheirparents.

B:

Itisyouthatcanhelpyourself.

C:

答D:案：B

6、【单选题】Passage2Questions6to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Maria

Montessoribasedhereducationalplanupontheobservationofchildrenindiverse

cultures.Therefore,herdiscoveriesarenotaccuratelydescribedasMontessori

principles.Theyareuniversalprinciplesofhumanbehavior,whichbelongtoall

peoples,societies,andcultures.Theseuniversalprinciplesareasound

foundationforeducationalsystemseverywhere.Asamedicalstudentatthe

UniversityofRome,Montessoristudiedtheoriginandformationoflivingbeings.

WhenshereturnedtotheUniversityofRome,afterasuccessfulmedicalcareer,to

studyeducation,philosophyandothersubjects,Montessoriremainedattractedby

developmentinallformsoflife.Whileworkingwithchildrenandyoungadults,

sherecognizedspecificstagesinhumanformation.Eventually,sheidentifiedfour

suchplanesofdevelopment.Therearetwoplanesofchildhood,resultingatage

twelveinamaturechild,andtwoplanesofadulthood,resultingatagetwenty-four

inadultmaturity.Tohighlightthedramaticnatureofthechild'schangefromone

stageofdevelopmenttothenext,Montessoricompareddevelopmentalplanesto

thetransformationofabutterfly.Thevariousstagesoflarva(幼虫)，

chiysalis(蛹)，andadultbutterflyaresodifferentastobeunrecognizableone

fromtheother.So,too,thedifferencesofeachplaneofhumanformationare

soextraordinarythattheyoungpersonappearsineachasare-createdbeing.Each

ofthesefourplanesofdevelopmentbuildsuponthelastsothat

faultydevelopmentinanyoneaffectsthesuccessfulcompletionofallthe

others.Montessoriobservedthatregulareducationfailstonoticetheseplanes

ofdevelopment.Infact,thefirststageofdevelopment,frombirthtoagesix,

isignoredbecauseschoolingdoesnotbeginuntilitisover.Shereferredto

theschoolchildrenofherdayassomany“driedbutterflies”pinnedtoa

displayboard.Shedrewachartdepictingthelinearascent(直线上升)of

educationbasedasitisuponfeedinginformationtochildrenasiftheywere

blankstobeimprintedupon.Incontrast,Montessoridrewachartreflectingthe

actualdevelopmentofchildren.Itshowsthatineachplanethereisanemergence

orrebirthofdevelopmentthatreachesapeakandthendeclines.Itemphasizes

theregularityofhumandevelopmentinthisregard.Montessoribelieved

thatschoolingshouldcorrespondtothechild’sdevelopmentalperiods.“Instead

ofdividingschoolsintonursery,primary,secondary,anduniversity,we

shoulddivideeducationinplanesandeachoftheseshouldcorrespondtothe

phasethedevelopingindividualgoesthrough.”WhyareMontessori'sdiscoveries

universalprinciplesofhumanbehavior?

Herdiscoveriesareacceptedthroughouttheworld.

Herdiscoveriesarebeneficialtopeopleinmanycountries.

A:

Herdiscoveriesareasoundfoundationforacademicresearch.

B:

HerdiscoveriesaremadebyobseiVingchildrenindiversecultures.

C:

答D:案：D

7、【单选题】Passage2Questions6to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Maria

Montessoribasedhereducationalplanupontheobservationofchildrenindiverse

cultures.Therefore,herdiscoveriesarenotaccuratelydescribedasMontessori

principles.Theyareuniversalprinciplesofhumanbehavior,whichbelongtoall

peoples,societies,andcultures.Theseuniversalprinciplesareasound

foundationforeducationalsystemseverywhere.Asamedicalstudentatthe

UniversityofRome,Montessoristudiedtheoriginandformationoflivingbeings.

WhenshereturnedtotheUniversityofRome,afterasuccessfulmedicalcareer,to

studyeducation,philosophyandothersubjects,Montessoriremainedattractedby

developmentinallformsoflife.Whileworkingwithchildrenandyoungadults,

sherecognizedspecificstagesinhumanformation.Eventually,sheidentifiedfour

suchplanesofdevelopment.Therearetwoplanesofchildhood,resultingatage

twelveinamaturechild,andtwoplanesofadulthood,resultingatagetwenty-four

inadultmaturity.Tohighlightthedramaticnatureofthechild'schangefromone

stageofdevelopmenttothenext,Montessoricompareddevelopmentalplanesto

thetransformationofabutterfly.Thevariousstagesoflarva(幼虫)，

chiysalis(蛹)，andadultbutterflyaresodifferentastobeunrecognizableone

fromtheother.So,too,thedifferencesofeachplaneofhumanformationare

soextraordinarythattheyoungpersonappearsineachasare-createdbeing.Each

ofthesefourplanesofdevelopmentbuildsuponthelastsothat

faultydevelopmentinanyoneaffectsthesuccessfulcompletionofallthe

others.Montessoriobservedthatregulareducationfailstonoticetheseplanes

ofdevelopment.Infact,thefirststageofdevelopment,frombirthtoagesix,

isignoredbecauseschoolingdoesnotbeginuntilitisover.Shereferredto

theschoolchildrenofherdayassomany“driedbutterflies”pinnedtoa

displayboard.Shedrewachartdepictingthelinearascent(直线上升)of

educationbasedasitisuponfeedinginformationtochildrenasiftheywere

blankstobeimprintedupon.Incontrast,Montessoridrewachartreflectingthe

actualdevelopmentofchildren.Itshowsthatineachplanethereisanemergence

orrebirthofdevelopmentthatreachesapeakandthendeclines.Itemphasizes

theregularityofhumandevelopmentinthisregard.Montessoribelieved

thatschoolingshouldcorrespondtothechild’sdevelopmentalperiods.“Instead

ofdividingschoolsintonursery,primary,secondary,anduniversity,we

shoulddivideeducationinplanesandeachoftheseshouldcorrespondtothe

phasethedevelopingindividualgoesthrough.”WhydidMontessorigobacktothe

UniversityofRome?

Tostartworkingwithchiljirenandyoungadults.

Tostudyeducation,philosophyandothersubjects.

A:

Toresearchonthefourstagesofhumandevelopment.

B:

Tocontinueherstudyoftheoriginandformationoflivingbeings.

C:

答D:案：B

8、【单选题】Passage2Questions6to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Maria

Montessoribasedhereducationalplanupontheobservationofchildrenindiverse

cultures.Therefore,herdiscoveriesarenotaccuratelydescribedasMontessori

principles.Theyareuniversalprinciplesofhumanbehavior,whichbelongtoall

peoples,societies,andcultures.Theseuniversalprinciplesareasound

foundationforeducationalsystemseverywhere.Asamedicalstudentatthe

UniversityofRome,Montessoristudiedtheoriginandformationoflivingbeings.

WhenshereturnedtotheUniversityofRome,afterasuccessfulmedicalcareer,to

studyeducation,philosophyandothersubjects,Montessoriremainedattractedby

developmentinallformsoflife.Whileworkingwithchildrenandyoungadults,

sherecognizedspecificstagesinhumanformation.Eventually,sheidentifiedfour

suchplanesofdevelopment.Therearetwoplanesofchildhood,resultingatage

twelveinamaturechild,andtwoplanesofadulthood,resultingatagetwenty-four

inadultmaturity.Tohighlightthedramaticnatureofthechild'schangefromone

stageofdevelopmenttothenext,Montessoricompareddevelopmentalplanesto

thetransformationofabutterfly.Thevariousstagesoflarva(幼虫)，

chiysalis(蛹)，andadultbutterflyaresodifferentastobeunrecognizableone

fromtheother.So,too,thedifferencesofeachplaneofhumanformationare

soextraordinarythattheyoungpersonappearsineachasare-createdbeing.Each

ofthesefourplanesofdevelopmentbuildsuponthelastsothat

faultydevelopmentinanyoneaffectsthesuccessfulcompletionofallthe

others.Montessoriobservedthatregulareducationfailstonoticetheseplanes

ofdevelopment.Infact,thefirststageofdevelopment,frombirthtoagesix,

isignoredbecauseschoolingdoesnotbeginuntilitisover.Shereferredto

theschoolchildrenofherdayassomany“driedbutterflies”pinnedtoa

displayboard.Shedrewachartdepictingthelinearascent(直线上升)of

educationbasedasitisuponfeedinginformationtochildrenasiftheywere

blankstobeimprintedupon.Incontrast,Montessoridrewachartreflectingthe

actualdevelopmentofchildren.Itshowsthatineachplanethereisanemergence

orrebirthofdevelopmentthatreachesapeakandthendeclines.Itemphasizes

theregularityofhumandevelopmentinthisregard.Montessoribelieved

thatschoolingshouldcorrespondtothechild’sdevelopmentalperiods.“Instead

ofdividingschoolsintonursery,primary,secondary,anduniversity,we

shoulddivideeducationinplanesandeachoftheseshouldcorrespondtothe

phasethedevelopingindividualgoesthrough.”Whatcanwelearnabout,planes

ofchilddevelopmentfromParagraph3?

Thestagesofchilddevelopmentaffectoneanother.

Thefaultydevelopmentinoneplaneiscausedbythelast.

A:

Thechildappearsre-createdineachdevelopmentalplane.

B:

Developmentalplanesarethesameasthetransformationofabutterfly.

C:

答D:案：C

9、【单选题】Passage2Questions6to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Maria

Montessoribasedhereducationalplanupontheobservationofchildrenindiverse

cultures.Therefore,herdiscoveriesarenotaccuratelydescribedasMontessori

principles.Theyareuniversalprinciplesofhumanbehavior,whichbelongtoall

peoples,societies,andcultures.Theseuniversalprinciplesareasound

foundationforeducationalsystemseverywhere.Asamedicalstudentatthe

UniversityofRome,Montessoristudiedtheoriginandformationoflivingbeings.

WhenshereturnedtotheUniversityofRome,afterasuccessfulmedicalcareer,to

studyeducation,philosophyandothersubjects,Montessoriremainedattractedby

developmentinallformsoflife.Whileworkingwithchildrenandyoungadults,

sherecognizedspecificstagesinhumanformation.Eventually,sheidentifiedfour

suchplanesofdevelopment.Therearetwoplanesofchildhood,resultingatage

twelveinamaturechild,andtwoplanesofadulthood,resultingatagetwenty-four

inadultmaturity.Tohighlightthedramaticnatureofthechild'schangefromone

stageofdevelopmenttothenext,Montessoricompareddevelopmentalplanesto

thetransformationofabutterfly.Thevariousstagesoflarva(幼虫)，

chiysalis(蛹)，andadultbutterflyaresodifferentastobeunrecognizableone

fromtheother.So,too,thedifferencesofeachplaneofhumanformationare

soextraordinarythattheyoungpersonappearsineachasare-createdbeing.Each

ofthesefourplanesofdevelopmentbuildsuponthelastsothat

faultydevelopmentinanyoneaffectsthesuccessfulcompletionofallthe

others.Montessoriobservedthatregulareducationfailstonoticetheseplanes

ofdevelopment.Infact,thefirststageofdevelopment,frombirthtoagesix,

isignoredbecauseschoolingdoesnotbeginuntilitisover.Shereferredto

theschoolchildrenofherdayassomany“driedbutterflies”pinnedtoa

displayboard.Shedrewachartdepictingthelinearascent(直线上升)of

educationbasedasitisuponfeedinginformationtochildrenasiftheywere

blankstobeimprintedupon.Incontrast,Montessoridrewachartreflectingthe

actualdevelopmentofchildren.Itshowsthatineachplanethereisanemergence

orrebirthofdevelopmentthatreachesapeakandthendeclines.Itemphasizes

theregularityofhumandevelopmentinthisregard.Montessoribelieved

thatschoolingshouldcorrespondtothechild’sdevelopmentalperiods.“Instead

ofdividingschoolsintonursery,primary,secondary,anduniversity,we

shoulddivideeducationinplanesandeachoftheseshouldcorrespondtothe

phasethedevelopingindividualgoesthrough.”WhatdidMontessorifindiswrong

withregulareducation?

Itputsaspecialemphasisonstudents，scores.

Itignoresthefirststageofchilddevelopment.

A:

Itcareslittleaboutstudents’learningmotivations.

B:

Itfeedschildrentotheextremeasiftheyareenjpty-minded.

C:

答D:案：B

10、【单选题】Passage2Questions6to10arebasedonthefollowing

passage.MariaMontessoribasedhereducationalplanupontheobservationof

childrenindiversecultures.Therefore,herdiscoveriesarenotaccurately

describedasMontessoriprinciples.Theyareuniversalprinciplesofhuman

behavior,whichbelongtoallpeoples,societies,andcultures.These

universalprinciplesareasoundfoundationforeducationalsystemseverywhere.As

amedicalstudentattheUniversityofRome,Montessoristudiedtheoriginand

formationoflivingbeings.WhenshereturnedtotheUniversityofRome,aftera

successfulmedicalcareer,tostudyeducation,philosophyandothersubjects,

Montessoriremainedattractedbydevelopmentinallformsoflife.Whileworking

withchildrenandyoungadults,sherecognizedspecificstagesinhumanformation.

Eventually,sheidentifiedfoursuchplanesofdevelopment.Therearetwoplanes

ofchildhood,resultingatagetwelveinamaturechild,andtwoplanesof

adulthood,resultingatagetwenty-fourinadultmaturity.Tohighlightthe

dramaticnatureofthechild'schangefromonestageofdevelopmenttothenext,

Montessoricompareddevelopmentalplanestothetransformationofabutterfly.The

variousstagesoflarva(幼虫)，chiysalis(蛹)，andadultbutterflyareso

differentastobeunrecognizableonefromtheother.So,too,thedifferencesof

eachplaneofhumanformationaresoextraordinarythattheyoungpersonappears

ineachasare-createdbeing.Eachofthesefourplanesofdevelopmentbuilds

uponthelastsothatfaultydevelopmentinanyoneaffectsthesuccessful

completionofalltheothers.Montessoriobservedthatregulareducationfailsto

noticetheseplanesofdevelopment.Infact,thefirststageofdevelopment,from

birthtoagesix,isignoredbecauseschoolingdoesnotbeginuntilitisover.

Shereferredtotheschoolchildrenofherdayassomany“driedbutterflies”

pinnedtoadisplayboard.Shedrewachartdepictingthelinearascent(直线上升)

ofeducationbasedasitisuponfeedinginformationtochildrenasiftheywere

blankstobeimprintedupon.Incontrast,Montessoridrewachartreflectingthe

actualdevelopmentofchildren.Itshowsthatineachplanethereisanemergence

orrebirthofdevelopmentthatreachesapeakandthendeclines.Itemphasizes

theregularityofhumandevelopmentinthisregard.Montessoribelieved

thatschoolingshouldcorrespondtothechild’sdevelopmentalperiods.“Instead

ofdividingschoolsintonursery,primary,secondary,anduniversity,we

shoulddivideeducationinplanesandeachoftheseshouldcorrespondtothe

ph