高考英语阅读理解五步法专项带练(43)讲义

①Scientistshavediscoveredhowplantsmanagetolivealongsideeachotherinplacesthataredarkandshady.Plantsinthedeepdarknessofathickforest,wherenaturalsuppliesarenotverygreatinamount,won’tattempttotoptheirneighborsingrowthasthoseinmoderate(中度的)shadedo.Indeepshadeconditions,itwouldbeawasteofenergyandharmfultosurvivalbecausegreenshootswouldneverbeabletotoptheirlargerneighborsingrowth.②Sohowdoplantspreventsuchgrowthindeepshadeconditions?Thesecretliesintheclocksinsidethem,sayscientistsfromtheJohnInnesCentreandtheUniversityofBristol.③Theyhavediscoveredthatwhenplantsnoticedeepshade,thischangestheexpressionofgenesincertainpartsofthecircadianclock(昼夜节律时钟)—theinternaldailytimerfoundinplantsandotherlivingthings.Theseclockponentsperformanadditionalroleinpreventingplantsfromlengtheningandovertoppingneighbors.④Theworkidentifiesapreviouslyunknownroleofthecircadianclockincontrollingplantdevelopment,andthefindingsmayhavepossibleeffectsonbothnaturalplantpopulationsandcrops.ProfessorAntonyDoddoftheJohnInnesCentresaid,“Thebiologicalclockofplantsplaysabigpartintheirdevelopmentandfitness.Thisworkcastsnewlightonanewroleofthecircadianclockinadaptingplantstopetitionwithotherplantsintheirenvironments.”“Italsogivesusnewinsightsintohowplantsadapttoverydeepshade,whereresourcesareverylimited,”saidProfessorKerryFranklinattheUniversityofBristol.⑤Thisworkprovidesevidenceforthestabilityofthecircadianclockinstressfulenvironments,andinformationthatmaybeusefulindevelopingnewgenerationsofcropsinachallengingclimate.【素材来源：湖南省长沙市雅礼中学2024届高三月考试卷（六）英语试题】12.Whatdoplantsnormallydoinmoderateshade?A.Struggletopreserveenergy.B.peteforverylimitedresources.C.Trytooutgrowtheirneighbors.D.Dependoneachothertosurvive.13.Howdoesthecircadianclockaffectplants?A.Bychangingtheirgeneexpression.B.Bymakingthemrealizelightchange.C.Byhelpingthemadapttothedarkness.D.Bycontrollingtheirgrowthindeepshade.14.AccordingtoProfessorAntonyDodd,whichstatementisTRUE?A.Thecircadianclock’sroleinplantdevelopmentremainsunknown.B.Plants’livingenvironmentsareverypetitive.C.Thecircadianclockaffectsplants’adaptabilitytosurvivalpetition.D.Plantscanadapttoverydeepshadewhereresourcesareverylimited.15.Whydoestheauthorwritethetext?A.Toshareanewdiscoveryaboutplants.B.Tointroducetheroleofthecircadianclock.C.Topareplantslivingincertainconditions.D.Toexplainplants’secretoflivinginforests.【五步法分析】串联题干Whatdoplantsnormallydoinmoderateshade?Howdoesthecircadianclockaffectplants?AccordingtoProfessorAntonyDodd,whichstatementisTRUE?Whydoestheauthorwritethetext?串联题干：moderateshade,plants,affection,thecircadianclock12.Whatdoplantsnormallydoinmoderateshade?植物在中等遮荫下通常会做什么?A.Struggletopreserveenergy.努力保存能量。B.peteforverylimitedresources.争夺非常有限的资源。C.Trytooutgrowtheirneighbors.试图超越他们的邻居。D.Dependoneachothertosurvive.相互依存才能生存。定位到第一段（反话正说）①Scientistshavediscoveredhowplantsmanagetolivealongsideeachotherinplacesthataredarkandshady.Plantsinthedeepdarknessofathickforest,wherenaturalsuppliesarenotverygreatinamount,won’tattempttotoptheirneighborsingrowthasthoseinmoderate(中度的)shadedo.Indeepshadeconditions,itwouldbeawasteofenergyandharmfultosurvivalbecausegreenshootswouldneverbeabletotoptheirlargerneighborsingrowth.13.Howdoesthecircadianclockaffectplants?生物钟是如何影响植物的?A.Bychangingtheirgeneexpression.通过改变他们的基因表达。B.Bymakingthemrealizelightchange.通过让他们意识到光的变化。C.Byhelpingthemadapttothedarkness.通过帮助他们适应黑暗。D.Bycontrollingtheirgrowthindeepshade.通过控制它们在阴凉处的生长。定位到第三段③Theyhavediscoveredthatwhenplantsnoticedeepshade,thischangestheexpressionofgenesincertainpartsofthecircadianclock(昼夜节律时钟)—theinternaldailytimerfoundinplantsandotherlivingthings.Theseclockponentsperformanadditionalroleinpreventingplantsfromlengtheningandovertoppingneighbors.14.AccordingtoProfessorAntonyDodd,whichstatementisTRUE?根据安东尼·多德教授的说法，哪个说法是正确的?Thecircadianclock’sroleinplantdevelopmentremainsunknown.生物钟在植物发育中的作用尚不清楚。Plants’livingenvironmentsareverypetitive.植物的生存环境竞争非常激烈。Thecircadianclockaffectsplants’adaptabilitytosurvivalpetition..生物钟影响植物对生存竞争的适应性。Plantscanadapttoverydeepshadewhereresourcesareverylimited.植物可以适应非常深的阴影，那里的资源非常有限。定位到第四段原词对应④Theworkidentifiesapreviouslyunknownroleofthecircadianclockincontrollingplantdevelopment,andthefindingsmayhavepossibleeffectsonbothnaturalplantpopulationsandcrops.ProfessorAntonyDoddoftheJohnInnesCentresaid,“Thebiologicalclockofplantsplaysabigpartintheirdevelopmentandfitness.Thisworkcastsnewlightonanewroleofthecircadianclockinadaptingplantstopetitionwithotherplantsintheirenvironments.”“Italsogivesusnewinsightsintohowplantsadapttoverydeepshade,whereresourcesareverylimited,”saidProfessorKerryFranklinattheUniversityofBristol.15.Whydoestheauthorwritethetext?作者为什么写这篇文章?A.Toshareanewdiscoveryaboutplants.分享一项关于植物的新发现。B.Tointroducetheroleofthecircadianclock.介绍生物钟的作用。C.Topareplantslivingincertainconditions.比较生活在特定条件下的植物。D.Toexplainplants’secretoflivinginforests.解释植物在森林中生存的秘密。一般情况下关于文章主旨或者写作目的在首段或者尾段中查找。①Scientistshavediscoveredhowplantsmanagetolivealongsideeachotherinplacesthataredarkandshady.（植物是如何在黑暗和阴凉的地方共存的）Plantsinthedeepdarknessofathickforest,wherenaturalsuppliesarenotverygreatinamount,won’tattempttotoptheirneighborsingrowthasthoseinmoderate(中度的)shadedo.Indeepshadeconditions,itwouldbeawasteofenergyandharmfultosurvivalbecausegreenshootswouldneverbeabletotoptheirlargerneighborsingrowth.【逐句翻译】第一段：Scientistshavediscoveredhowplantsmanagetolivealongsideeachotherinplacesthataredarkandshady.句子结构分析：how引导宾语从句；that引导定语从句修饰places.句意：科学家们已经发现了植物是如何在黑暗和阴凉的地方共存的。Plantsinthedeepdarknessofathickforest,wherenaturalsuppliesarenotverygreatinamount,won’tattempttotoptheirneighborsingrowthasthoseinmoderate(中度的)shadedo.句子结构分析：where引导定语从句修饰athickforest.句意：在茂密森林深处的植物，那里的自然资源不是很多，不会试图在生长上超过它们的邻居，而那些在中等(中度的)阴影下的植物则会这样做。Indeepshadeconditions,itwouldbeawasteofenergyandharmfultosurvivalbecausegreenshootswouldneverbeabletotoptheirlargerneighborsingrowth.句子结构分析：because引导原因状语从句句意：在深荫的条件下，这将是一种能量的浪费，而且对生存有害，因为绿芽的生长速度永远无法超过它们较大的邻居。第二段Sohowdoplantspreventsuchgrowthindeepshadeconditions?Thesecretliesintheclocksinsidethem,sayscientistsfromtheJohnInnesCentreandtheUniversityofBristol.那么植物是如何在阴暗处防止这种生长的呢?约翰英纳斯中心和布里斯托尔大学的科学家说，秘密就在于它们体内的时钟。第三段：Theyhavediscoveredthatwhenplantsnoticedeepshade,thischangestheexpressionofgenesincertainpartsofthecircadianclock(昼夜节律时钟)—theinternaldailytimerfoundinplantsandotherlivingthings.句子结构分析：that引导宾语从句；when引导时间状语从句；破折号引导同位语补充解释clock.句意：他们发现，当植物注意到很深的阴影时，这改变了生物钟某些部分的基因表达(昼夜节律时钟)——植物和其他生物体内的日常时间。Theseclockponentsperformanadditionalroleinpreventingplantsfromlengtheningandovertoppingneighbors.这些时钟组件在防止植物伸长和超过邻居方面起着额外的作用。【真题必考词汇】Prevent...from阻止；防止Putonrainbootwhenwashingfloor,topreventfromslippingdown.清洗地面时穿上雨鞋以防滑倒.第四段：Theworkidentifiesapreviouslyunknownroleofthecircadianclockincontrollingplantdevelopment,andthefindingsmayhavepossibleeffectsonbothnaturalplantpopulationsandcrops.这项工作确定了生物钟在控制植物发育方面的一个以前未知的作用，这一发现可能对自然植物种群和作物都有影响。【真题必考词汇】Haveeffecton对...有影响Thegoodachievementmayhaveeffectontheirperspective.好的成绩可能会影响他们的观点。ProfessorAntonyDoddoftheJohnInnesCentresaid,“Thebiologicalclockofplantsplaysabigpartintheirdevelopmentandfitness.约翰英纳斯中心的安东尼·多德教授说:“植物的生物钟在它们的发育和健康中起着重要作用。【真题必考词汇】Playapartin..贡献力量;起…作用Fruitmaturitymayplayapartinphenotypiccharacterization.果实成熟期使这种表现型特征可能明显地起一些作用.Thisworkcastsnewlightonanewroleofthecircadianclockinadaptingplantstopetitionwithotherplantsintheirenvironments.”【真题必考词汇】Castlighton...使显得非常清楚，阐明，使人了解;映照Doesthisinformationcastlightontheproblem?这一信息会使问题得到澄清吗?“Italsogivesusnewinsightsintohowplantsadapttoverydeepshade,whereresourcesareverylimited,”saidProfessorKerryFranklinattheUni