题型精析01.阅读理解之细节理解题(直接信息间接信息数字计算)(原卷版)

01.细节理解题【题型总览】【题型特征】命题人会要求考生根据不同的要求来阅读文章,以获得某些特定的信息或准确地寻求所需的细节。细节理解题有时比较直接,理解字面意思即可答题;有时则较为间接,需要归纳、概括或推理才能答题。细节理解题占阅读理解总题量的60%左右,相对比较容易,是阅读理解的送分题。【设题趋势】特殊疑问句形式:以when、where、what、which、who、why、how等疑问词开头引出的问题;通常涉及与主题有关的事实或细节，或就文中的数字进行提问。1.正确选项同义替换(1)替换关键词。把原文句子中的关键词进行同义替换,如把loseone’sjob换成了beoutofwork(2)改变词性。有些选项把原文中的一些词变换了一下词性,如把important变换成ofimportance(3)改变语态。如主动语态与被动语态的转换信息归纳用精炼的语言来概括原文中比较分散或复杂的信息,设置为正确答案正话反说把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项原文原词用原文原词作为正确选项2.干扰选项张冠李戴是原文信息,但不是题目要求的内容无中生有符合常识,但不是文章的内容曲解文意与原文的内容极其相似,只是在某个细节处有些变动颠倒是非在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反正误参半部分正确,部分错误【常考类型】题型1直接信息题可以直接从原文找到答案,在解答此类问题时,可采用“带着问题找答案”的方法题型2间接信息题命题的隐蔽性更强,其正确选项一般都会在原文的基础上予以改造题型3数字计算题对于数字计算题,需要先找到与之相关的事实或数据,然后进行分析整合【题型精析】【题型1】直接信息题直接在原文中找到明确的信息,考生一般可以通过通读原文中的某句话或某个词语便能得出答案,此类题属于低层次题。【真题示例】(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷·A篇节选)...PhotographyWorkshops(June19&July10)Enhanceyourphotographyskills—joinYellowstone’sparkphotographerforahandsonprogramtoinspirenewandcreativewaysofenjoyingthebeautyandwonderofYellowstone.6/19—Waterfalls&WideAngles:meetatArtistPoint.7/10—Wildflowers&WhiteBalance:meetatWashburnTrailheadinChittendenparkingarea.23.WherewilltheparticipantsmeetfortheJuly10photographyworkshop?A.ArtistPoint.B.WashburnTrailhead.C.CanyonVillageStore.D.VisitorEducationCenter.【解答思路】第一步:扫描题干,找关键词。关键词:fortheJuly10photographyworkshop第二步:根据关键词,定位信息。定位原文信息:PhotographyWorkshops(June19&July10)部分中的“7/10—Wildflowers&WhiteBalance:meetatWashburnTrailheadinChittendenparkingarea.”比对选项信息:7月10日的摄影研讨会将在WashburnTrailhead举行。故选B。

【技巧提示】根据关键信息进行定位比对【题型2】间接信息题一般无法在文中直接找到明确的信息,要求在理解的基础上,对原文信息进行加工或整理后得出结论。【真题示例】(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷·B篇节选)...Andatfirstitis,saysAbbyJaramillo,whowithanotherteacherstartedUrbanSprouts,aschoolgardenprogramatfourlowineschools.24.WhatdoweknowaboutAbbyJaramillo?A.Sheusedtobeahealthworker.B.Shegrewupinalowinefamily.C.Sheownsafastfoodrestaurant.D.SheisaninitiatorofUrbanSprouts.【解答思路】第一步:扫描题干,找关键词。关键词:What,knowabout,AbbyJaramillo第二步:根据关键词,定位信息。定位原文信息:Andatfirstitis,saysAbbyJaramillo,whowithanotherteacherstartedUrbanSprouts,aschoolgardenprogramatfourlowineschools.(第一段)第三步:根据关键词和定位信息可知,AbbyJaramillo是UrbanSprouts的发起者。故选__D__。(间接信息题)

【技巧提示】根据关键信息进行语义转换题干中引用了原文中的某些词汇作为干扰信息,其中包括第一段第二句中的lowine、最后一句中的healthy、和第二段开头一句中的fastfoodrestaurants,根据原文中的相关信息可知,这些语境均不是描述她本人情况的信息,故均应该排除。【题型3】数字计算题一般需要根据阅读材料中给出的有关数据,通过计算(“加减乘除”法)得出正确的结论。【真题示例】(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷·A篇节选)PricesHandBrake,ThreeGearsFootBrake,NoGears1hour7.505.003hours11.007.501day(24hours)14.759.75Eachadditionalday8.006.0022.Howmuchdoyoupayforrentingabikewithhandbrakeandthreegearsfortwodays?A.15.75.B.19.50.C.22.75.D.29.50.【解答思路】第一步:扫描题干,找关键词。关键词:Howmuch,payfor,rentingabike,withhandbrakeandthreegears,twodays第二步:根据关键词,定位信息。定位原文信息:Prices...(表格)第三步:根据关键词和定位信息可知,第三段的表格中的中间一列,第一行含有题干中的handbrake和threegears,再联系第四行和第五行,一天是14.75欧元,再加一天是8欧元,所以是14.75+8=22.75欧元。故选__C__。(数字计算题)

反思：解题时,试题中容易把考生带入误区的是题干中最后的fortwodays,而忽视了表格最后一行中提到的Eachadditionalday,这样通过计算得出的数据肯定是错误的,进而误选D项。【技巧提示】根据相关数据进行加减乘除【题型精练】1GeneralArtContestsTHESUNNYARTPRIZEPrize

Atotalcashfundof£6,000plusanindividualexhibitioninLondon.EntryFee

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Over$50,000incashandprizestobewon.Plus,globalexposurethroughBeautifulBizarreMagazine.WinnerswillalsoparticipateinBeautifulBizarreMagazine’sgroupexhibitionatHavenGalleryinNewYorklaterthisyear.EntryFee

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July17,2024TheBeautifulBizarreArtPrize,nowinits5thyear,isanannualinternationalartprizethatcelebratesdiversityandexcellenceintherepresentationalvisualarts.MADEINCALIFORNIAPETITIONPrize

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February16,2024HostedbytheBreaGallery,theMadeinCaliforniapetitionprovidesapromotionalopportunityforallartistsbasedinthestateofCalifornia.ARTISTSMAGAZINEANNUALARTPETITIONPrize

Over$29,000incashprizesandpublicationinArtistsMagazine.EntryFee

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Opentoartistsover18worldwideworkinginatraditionalmedium.ClosingDate

May30,2024ArtistsMagazine’sAnnualArtpetitioncelebratestraditional2Dartisticmediumssuchaspainting,digitalart,andmuchmore.Allwinners’workswillbefeaturedintheJanuary/February2025issueofArtistsMagazine.1.Whichartcontestofferstheopportunityforagroupexhibition?A.THESUNNYARTPRIZE.B.BEAUTIFULBIZARREARTPRIZE.C.MADEINCALIFORNIAPETITION.D.ARTISTSMAGAZINEANNUALARTPETITION.2.HowmuchshouldacontestantpayforaJanuarysubmissiontoBreaGallery?A.$20. B.$25. C.$35. D.$40.3.Whatdothesegeneralartcontestshaveinmon?A.Theyareheldeveryyear. B.Theyareopentoemergingartistsonly.C.Theyprovidewinnerswithaddedbonus. D.Theycelebrateexcellenceintraditionalarts.2IjoinedthecoastguardbecauseIwantedtohelppeople.Hovercraft(气垫船)arerareandspecial.They’vebeendiscontinuedinmostmercialoperation,becausetheyaresoexpensivetomake,butwhenitestosearchandrescue,they’repriceless.Fromfaraway,ahovercraftlookslikeanormalboat.Butifyoulookunderitsskirt,thecraftisnottouchingthewater—itfloatsonacushionofair.Thatcushionallowsustotravelovereverythingfromwatertomuddyland—andevenbreakthroughice.Wedoallofthatasa70tonnemachine,goingamaximumofnearly120kilometersperhour.Thesefeaturesallowustorescuealargenumberofpeoplequicklygetontoland,andgetsomeoneintoanambulancefareasierthanwithanyotherdeviceIcanthinkof.Theadvantagesofhovercraftcanalsomakethemdifficulttohandle.We’vegotamassivevehiclemovingfast,sometimesinathickfogbankupanarrowriver.Duringassignmentsonothercoastguardships,Ihad20minutestomakealterationstoavoidacrash.Inahovercraft,Ihave10seconds.Youhavetohaveenoughsituationalawarenesstomaketherightdecisioneverytime.Peoplecallusforallsortsofproblems:missingdivers,onboardfires,orevenwhenthey’verunoutoffuelorhadamechanicalbreakdown.Acontainershipcouldburstintoflames.Wehaveastrongnetworkhereatthebasetohelpeveryonethroughdifficultsituationslikethat.Thankfully,wehavecaptainswhotrainusinasafeenvironment,butyoudon’tevergetfullyfortable.Anythingcanthrowthehovercraftoff—maybeyourliftsettingsareoffalittle,orthewindblowswithabitofextraweight.Afterseveralyearsoperatingahovercraft,I’mstilllearning.Everyoneofthecaptainshereagrees:youcandrivethisthingfor20yearsandstillbesurprised.4.Whatmakeshovercraftunsuitableformercialuse?A.Theirsafetyrisks. B.Theirpoordurability. C.Theirlowefficiency. D.Theirproductioncosts.5.Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?A.Howahovercraftworks. B.Whatprisesahovercraft.C.Whatdistinguishesahovercraft. D.Howahovercrafthelpsvictims.6.Whatchallengedohovercraftposetothepilot?A.Theyhavetomakefasterresponses.B.Theyoftenfacemechanicalbreakdowns.C.Theyneedmorepeoplefordecisionmaking.D.Theymustconsidertheenvironmentalconcerns.7.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofoperatingahovercraft?A.Dull. B.Demanding. C.Enjoyable. D.Effortless.3Ifsalesgenerallyfeelhardtotoresist,thesaleinfrontofAarronSchurevichwastheultimatetest:newKiaSouljustliketheonehe’dhadandloved,atadealershiphetrusted,atamomentwhenhereallyneededacar.Anditwaspriced$4,000offmorethana20%discount.However,afterhespedthroughpaperworkanddrovethecaroffthelot,thedealturnedsoul.Schurevichnowjokesthathepaidataxforbeingafool.Thisbigticketexampleshowsvividlyallthedynamicsthatplayoutinasale.Thediscountitselfoftenregistersasawin,deliveringthejoyofbothgettingtheproductandtherewardthatwediscoveredsomething,andwe’veearnedthisextrathing.Thus,spottingsomethingwe’dliketobuyonsaleactivatesourbrain’srewardsystem.Thenthere’sthefightinthebrainbetweenwhatcanbedescribedasitsemotionalandrational(理性的)parts.Asalelandslikethethumbthattipsourmentalscaletowardbuying.Stores,ofcourse,knowallthisandtrytopushourbuttons.Expertssayweoftensubconsciouslybelievepopularthingstobemorevaluableormorerewarding.Plus,there’soururgetoavoidloses—thefearofmissingout(FOMO).Sostoresappealtoourcrowdmentality:It’sBlackFriday,anaeveryone’sshopping,buyingthatthingyou’dlike.Theycreateurgency:Yourfavoritecarisonsaletodayonly!Andtheycreatescarcity:Shopnowwhilesupplieslast!Storesalsotryvariouspricingtricks.“Howdowemakemorecustomersgotothemoreexpensiveoption?Weaddadecoy,”saysSavannahWeiShi,whoresearchespricinganddecisionmaking.Forexample,picturesstoreshelfwhereamediumbagofcandysitsnexttoalargerbagofthesamecandy.Themediumsizedbagismuchsmallerthantheotherbag,butonlyslightlycheaper.Itmakesthebigbaglooklikethebestdeal,soshoppersbuythatonethemostexpensiveoptionontheshelf.8.WhyisAarronSchurevich’sstorymentioned?A.Toillustratewhywefallforasale. B.Topresenthowourbrainsareactivated.C.Tostresstheimportanceofrationaldecision. D.Toprovetheflexibilityofmarketingstrategies.9.Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraph4?A.FOMOpostponesdecisions. B.Salesplayonpeople’sfears.C.Subconsciousnessdetermineseverything. D.Scarcitypromotionleadstowisepurchases.10.Whatmarketingtechniqueisusedbywarningaboutthelimitednumberofavailableseatsleft?A.UsingPricingtricks. B.Dealingwithemergencies.C.Creatingscarcity. D.Appealingtocrowdmentality.11.Whatdoes“adecoy”refertoinparagraph5?A.Acandy. B.Ashelf. C.Alargerbag. D.Amediumbag.4Everyyear,asthesurfacewatertemperatureofftheUnitedStatesmidAtlanticcoastrisessteadilyfromlatespringthroughthesummer,apocketofuncharacteristicallycoolandcrispwatergetstrappedatthebottomoftheocean.Packedwithnutrientsthisthickbandofcoldwater,knownasthemidAtlanticcoldpool,isavitalhomeforshellfishspecies.ExtendingatitsseasonalpeakfromNantucket,Massachusetts,toCapeHatteras,NorthCarolina,thecoldpollcreatesadiverseecosystemrangingfromalgae(海藻)tofish—andsomeofthemostvaluableshellfishfisheriesintheUnitedStates.Now,however,twopressureshavescientistsworryingaboutwhetherthecoldpoolwilllast.Thefirstisnosurprise:climatechange.Overthepastfivedecades,climateschangehasdestabilizedthecoldpool,causingittowarmandshrink.paredwith1968,thecoldpoolisnow13℃warmerandhaslostmorethanonethirdofitsarea.Thesecondconcernis1esscertain.In2023,theUSfederalgovernmentapprovedplanstoinstall(安装)98windturbines(涡轮机)offtheNewJerseycoast,coveringanareaofmorethan300squarekilometers.Yetputtingsomanyturbinestotheseafloorcouldhaveunexpectedconsequencesforthecoldpool.That’swhyTravisMiles,aresearcheratNewJersey’sRutgersUniversity,andhiscolleaguesareinvestigating.Sofar,Milesandhiscolleaguescan’tdefinitivelysaywhatwillhappentothecoldpool,sayingmoreresearchisneededtoassesshowclimatechangeandoffshorewind,together,couldaffectthecoldpool.However,theirinitialanalysessuggestthecoldpoolshouldbefine—atleastinnormalconditions.NewJersey’soffshorewindplansarestronglyopposedmainlybyfossilfuelindustryfundedefforts.Milesworriesthatanoverabundanceofcautionorfearofpotentialimpacts,includingonthecoldpool,mightslowdownthedevelopmentofrenewableenergy.“...it’squiteclearthatclimatechangeisfarmoredamagingthaninstallingwindfarms,”hesays.“Idon’tthinkanyscientistwouldarguewiththat.”12.WhatdoweknowaboutthemidAtlanticcoldpool?A.Itformsinearlyspring. B.It’sabandofcoldnearbottomwater.C.Itservesasahabitatofmostseaspecies. D.ItextendsfromNantuckettoNewJersey.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“shrink”inparagraph2mean?A.Breakdown. B.Getpolluted. C.Dryup. D.Beesmaller.14.Miles’attitudetowardinstallingwindfarmscanbedescribedas______.A.supportive B.dismissive C.overcautious D.skeptical15.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.TheColdPoolPlaysaRoleonspeciesB.OpinionsDivideonOffshoreWindFarmsC.ScientistsEyePotentialRiskstotheColdPoolD.RenewableEnergyHelpstoRaceAgainstClimateChange5Evensmalldifferencesintheavailabilityofurbangreenandbluespacesmaybeassociatedwithbettermentalandphysicalhealthinolderadults,accordingtoanewstudy.“Ourfindingsuggeststhatlossofurbangreenandbluespacesduetorapidurbanizationmaynotjusthaveanenvironmentalimpactbutcouldhaveapublichealthimpactaswell,”saysAdithyaVegaraju,firstauthorofthestudypublishedinthejournalHealth&Place.Thestudyisbasedonhealthsurveydatafrommorethan42,000peopleaged65andolderwholivedinurbanareasofWashingtonstatebetween2011and2019.Intheiranalysis,theresearchersrelatedsurveyrespondents’generalandmentalhealthoutestodifferentmeasuresthatquantifiedaccesstogreenandbluespaces,suchasforests,parks,lakes,andrivers.Closeto2%ofrespondentsshowedsignsofseriouspsychologicaldistressand19%reportedhavingpoorgeneralhealth.Thoughotherstudieshavelookedathowclosenesstonaturemightimpacthealth,VegarajusaysthisstudyisoneofthefirsttolookatthisrelationshipinolderadultsintheUnitedStates.“Ifexposuretogreenorbluespacescouldhelpprevent,delay,oreventreatpoormentalhealthinolderadults,weneedtolookatthatmorecloselyasawaytoimprovementalhealthoutesinthispopulation.”saysVegaraju.Moreresearchneedstobedonetoknowexactlyhowexposuretogreenandbluespacesmayleadtobettermentalandgeneralhealth,saysseniorauthorSolmazAmiri.Sheislookingtostudythepossiblelinkbetweennatureexposureandcognitive(认知的)decline,whichcanbeanearlysignofAlzheimer’sdisease.“Itisthoughtthatexposuretogreenandbluespacescouldhelpslowcognitivedecline,”Amirisays.“WhatwewouldliketoknowisifgreenandbluespaceexposurecaninfluenceAlzheimerdirectlyorwhetheritcandosobyreducingmentalhealthissuesthatmayleadtocognitivedecline.”16.WhatcausesthelossofurbangreenandbluespacesaccordingtoVegaraju?A.Citygrowth. B.Awarmerclimate.C.Poormaintenance. D.Urbandevelopmentcontrol.17.Howisthestudyconducted?A.Bystudyingdifferentmeasures.B.Byanalyzinglargescalefigures.C.Bydoingparativeexperiments.D.Bytrackingtheelderlyalltheirlives.18.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”meaninparagraph3?A.Accesstonature. B.Poormentalhealth.C.Thecloserelationship. D.Theenvironmentalimpact.19.WhichstatementwillSolmazAmiriprobablyagreewith?A.Natureexposurecuresdisease.B.Beingclosetonaturehelpsseniorslivelonger.C.Mentalproblemsresultfromcognitivedecline.D.Greensandbluescanboostolderadults’health.6Culdesac,whichdescribesitselfas“thefirstcarfreeneighborhoodbuiltfromscratchintheUS”,admitteditsfirst36residentsinTempe,Arizona,US,earlierthisyear.InacountryascardependentastheUS,Culdesacisnothingshortofvisionary.The$170million(about1.24billionyuan)neighborhood,withitswhitebuildingsandnarrowwalkways,isexpectedtoholdaround1,000peoplewhenthefull760unitsarepletedby2025,accordingtoTheGuardian.SimilarprojectsinCharlotte,NorthCarolina,andHouston,Texas,arealsounderway,saidBloomberg.AlthoughsomedenselypopulatedcoastalUScitieslikeBostonandNewYorkCityarewalkableandhaveadequatepublictransportationoptionslikebusandlightrail,thevastmajorityofAmericansareentirelydependentoncarstogetaround.Inthe2018USCensus,itwasfoundthatroughly85percentofAmericansreliedonacartogettowork.Thisrelianceoncarsdoesn’techeap,unfortunately.Ina2023study,theAmericanAutomobileAssociationsaidthatitcostsanaverageofabout89,000yuanperyeartoownandmaintainacarintheUS.So,whatisstoppingAmericansfromdesertingcarsandembracingrelativelycheaperalternativeslikeebikes?Inaword,unsaferoadsthatprioritizecarsoverpeople.Accordingtoa2018reportbytheWorldHealthOrganization,theUStrafficdeathrateis12.4deathsper100,000.Atthesametime,pedestriansandcyclistsintheUSareoftenblamedforbeinghitbydriversratherthantheotherwayaround.Still,there’shope.Byembracinganewcarfreewayofliving,USprojectslikeCuldesaccanprovideanalternativewayoflivingthat’sbothhealthierandmoreaffordableand,inturn,influenceotherstoliveabetterwayaswell.AsVanessaFox,a32yearoldresidentofCuldesac,said,“Forsome,carsequalfreedom,butforme,it’sarestriction.Freedomisbeingabletojustsimplywalkoutandaccessplaces.”20.WhatcanwelearnaboutCuldesacfromparagraph1?A.Itwillbeputintousesoon.B.Itisthoughttobeforwardthinking.C.Itfollowsseveralsuccessfulprojects.D.Itistheworld’slargestcarfreeneighborhood.21.WhydoAmericanshesitatetogiveupcars?A.Maintainingacarischeap.B.Roadsconditionsareunsafe.C.Ebikesarenotwidelyavailable.D.Publictransportationisinadequate.22.WhatinfluencecancarfreeprojectslikeCuldesachaveonAmericansociety?A.Restrictingfreedomofmovement.B.Increasingresidents’senseofresponsibility.C.Encouragingpeopletoexploretheirmunities.D.Promotingahealthierandmorecosteffectivelifestyle.23.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.LivingCarfreeintheUSB.ImprovingUSRoadConditionsC.ANewTrend:EnergyefficientCarsD.ADilemma:CarfreeorCardependent7SantoshJadhav,a28yearoldfarmerfromMaharashtra’sSanglidistrict,hadneverdreamedhewouldbetrendingonYouTubetendingtohisland.ButasyouwatchhisvideosonIndianFarmer—thechannelherunswithhisfriend,AkashJadhav,27—youquicklyunderstandwhyheisattractingmillionsofviews.Setupin2018,IndianFarmerwasaresultofthetwofriends’loveoffarming,technologyandfilmmaking.Theirvideosoffertips,adviceandinformationonvariousaspectsofagriculture,includingdirectfarmingtechniques,agriculturerelatedactivities,newfarmingtools,andagriculturalapps.Inadditiontoexplaininghowagriculturalmarketsfunction,thechannelsharessuccessstoriesfromacrossthecountry.Asectionthatdrawsthemostattentionfeaturesworkablesolutionstoeverydayproblemsanddoityourselfmechanicalquickfixes.“Wewerelookingtodosomethingtogether.Agriculturewassomethingwehadinmon.Plus,wewereyoungandidealistic—wewantedtodosomethingwithasocialimpact,”saysSantosh.Thechannelhascertainlymadeamark,asthenumbersshow.Since2018,theirchannelhasbuiltauserbaseof21.5million,thankstotheaffordablemobiledatarevolutionandtheincreasingpopularityofsmartphonesinIndia.WhileAkashtakeschargeoftheproductionsideofthings,Santoshoffershishandsonknowledgeobtainedfromrunninghisfamilyfarm.Accordingtothem,theIndianFarmerchanneladdsanaverageof60,000subscribersandearnsbetween70,000and100,000inrevenueeverymonth.“Knowledgeinthissectorisoftenintergenerational:afarmerislimitedtowhattheothersnearbyknowanddo.Therewasverylittlebywayofbooksorculturechannelsthataddressedtheneeds,mistakesandscarcitiesoffarmers.Socialmediahaschangedthings,enablingcrosssharingofknowledge,allforfree,”Akashsays.24.What’sthechannel’smostpopularsection?A.Inspiringstories. B.Advancedtools.C.Practicalsolutions. D.Agriculturalactivities.25.Whichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribethetwofarmers?A.Experiencedandsociable. B.Cooperativeanddevoted.C.Conservativeanddiligent. D.Courageousandhumorous.26.Whyarethefigureslistedinparagraph4?A.Toshowtheeconomicgains. B.Toimplythecooperationrelationship.C.Tohighlightsocialmediaengagement. D.Toindicatethesuccessofthechannel.27.WhatcanwelearnfromAkash’swords?A.Resourceswereavailabletoaddressfarmers’needs.B.FarmingknowledgereliesonbooksandtheInternet.C.Agriculturalmodernizationisdependentontechnology.D.Socialmediafacilitatesfreeknowledgeexchangeinagriculture.8Scientistsarepoorforecastersofthefuture.Buttwotrendscanbeconfidentlypredicted.First,theworldwillgetmorecrowded.There’llbemorethan9billionpeopleby2050.Second,theworldwillgetwarmerandsomegovernmentswon’tprioritisethelongtermmeasuresneededtodealwithclimatechange,eventhoughscienceoffersusaroadmaptoalowcarbonfuture.That’swhyweshouldbepromotersofnewtechnology—withoutittheworldcan’tprovidethefoodandsustainableenergyneededforanexpandingpopulation.Butweshouldalsobecautious,asnewtechnologies,suchasAI,maybehardtocontrol.AIwillundoubtedlybeemoreintrusiveinthefuture.Recordsofourmovements,healthandfinancialtransactionswillbestoredinthecloud.Thedatamaybeusedforjustifiablereasons,suchasproteinfoldinganddrugdevelopment,ortowarnusofinitialhealthrisks,butitsavailabilitytoInternetpaniesisalreadyshiftingthebalanceofpowerfromgovernmentstoglobalscalecorporations.Actually,it’sbeyondEarththatAIhasthemostenormouspotential.HumansmayhaveestablishedbasesbeyondEarthbytheyear2100.Butdon’teverexpectmassemigration(移民)fromEarth.It’safalsebeliefthatspaceoffersanescapefromourproblems.DealingwithclimatechangeonEarthisapieceofcakeparedtoterraformingMars.Nevertheless,weshouldcheeronthesebravehumanspaceadventurers.They’llbeilladaptedtoaMartianhabitat,sothey’llhaveasupermotivetoredesignthemselves.It’sthey,notthoseofusadaptedtolifeonEarth,whowillpioneertheposthumanera(时代).Ifposthumansmaketheshiftfromfleshandbloodtofullyartificialintelligences,theywon’tneedanatmosphereofevengravity,soit’sindeepspace—notevenonMarsthatnonbiological“brains”maydeveloppowersthatwecan’timagine.Theymayendupbeingmentallydifferentfromus.AIcouldjumpstartahugeemigrationandthusevenmoreplexintelligencespreadsthroughtheuniverse.Butlet’srefocusfromthesciencefictionofthefarfuture.closertothehereandnow.Thiscenturyisspecial.It’sthefirst,inEarth’s4.5billionyearhistorywhereonespeciesours—holdstheplanet’sfutureinitshands.Ourintelligencecouldinitiatebillionsofyearsofposthumanevolution(演化),evenmoreamazingthanthatwhichledtous.Ontheotherhand,humanscouldcausebiological,environmentalorcybercatastrophesthatforecloseallthispotential.Ifscienceistosaveus,weneedtothinkglobally,sensiblyandlongterm—empoweredbyscience,butguidedbyvaluesthatsciencealonecan’tprovide.28.Whydoestheauthormentionthetwotrendsinthefirstparagraph?A.Toreplytogovernments’decisions. B.Toshowscientists’predictionability.C.Topresentacallforscientificadvances. D.Tohighlightthechallengestoscientists.29.Accordingtothispassage,AIcan______.A.putanendtoclimatechange B.makemasshumanemigrationpossibleC.speedupthepetitioninmedicalfields D.bringaboutpotentialthreatsfrombigpanies30.Asforthefuture,whatdoestheauthoragreewith?A.Posthumanswillrepeatthehistoryofhumans.B.plexintelligencewilldominatetheuniverse.C.Fullyartificialintelligencesmayinhabitouterspace.D.Nonbiologicalbrainsmayinviteunforeseendisasters.31.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.CouldAISaveUs? B.WillScienceLeadEvolution?C.ArcSpaceAdventurersPioneers? D.IsplexIntelligenceing?9Whenwe’resolvingaplicatedproblem,weoftengatheragrouptobrainstorm.We’relookingtogetthebestideasasquicklyasp