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热点练02阅读理解之主旨大意题(热点话题)

主旨大意题主要考查考生对所读材料(或所读材料片段)中心思想或标题的概括。做这类题时,考生应

通读全文,把握文章大意或中心思想,同时注意文章的主题句,因为主题句表达了文章的中心思想,而其

他句子均围绕主题句展开。主题句通常位于文章第一段首句、第一段末句或全文末句处,但有时也位于段

落中间(通常是第一段或最后一段的中间)。主旨大意题的考查形式有很多,如概括标题、主题、段意、中

心思想等。

常见的设问方式有:

1.标题型

Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext?

Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

2.主题型

Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

Whatisthe...paragraphmainlyabout?

Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

3.目的题

Themainpurposeofthepassageisto.....

考向1:段首,段尾常考

文章中首段首句或末段末句往往是中心句,所以命题者常常在首尾两段出主旨大意题。

Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.5GontheWaytoMaking"Dialogue"BetweenCars

B.5GLeavesDriversFreeWhenTheyAreDriving

C.5GHasBeenPopularwithDriversAroundtheWorld

D.5GIstoBringGreatConveniencetoOurDailyLife

首段Carscouldsoonbecommunicatingwitheachotherusing5Gtomakedriversawareofupcominghazards(危

险),scientistsclaim.Theextremelyfastmobileinternetwouldallowforrapidinformationtransmissionandcould

makedriversawareofblackice,potholesorotherdangersupahead.

第一段的“Carscouldsoonbecommunicatingwitheachotherusing5Gtomakedriversawareofupcoming

hazards(危险),scientistsclaim(科学家称,汽车很快就能通过5G相互通信,让司机意识到即将到来的危险)”

可知,作者讲述了5G网络将安装在汽车上,汽车可以通过5G网络互相“对话”,让司机提前意识到危险,

因此本文最适合的题H是A选项5GontheWaytoMaking"Dialogue“BetweenCars(5G正在成为汽车之间

的“对话”),故选A。

考向2:语义转折处(尤其是首段)常考

转折连词but/however等后所跟的内容往往是作者真实的写作目的或基本观点,而这很有可能就是文章的

中心思想。

考向3:因果句常考

因果连词because,since,as,for,so,therefore等后也可表现出作者的目的,观点和文章的主题,所以也是常

考考点。

考向4:特殊标点符号后的内容常考

特殊标点符号常用:破折号,括号,冒号,引号。尤其是首段这些符号后的内容往往表达了作者的观点,

阐述了全文的主题。

满分技巧

主旨大意题解题技巧:

1.时间紧迫的情况下,只读首尾段,确定中心。

2.阅读时注意出现频率高的单词,高频词法。

3.排除内容片面,单一的选项。一般选择概括全文,内容全面,含义深刻,说明道理的选项。

热点话题

说明文科技环保类:三星堆遗址中祭祀坑的发现、发掘工作及意义,过度使用电子屏幕的影响,北京冬奥

会,5G

议论文社会现象类:如何充分利用个性化电子软件

记叙文:体操运动员Ellie的成功经历

第一组(2021•浙江卷・B篇)

话题:本文为说明文,过度使用电子屏幕的影响难度:★★建议用时:6分钟

Weliveinatownwiththreebeaches.Therearetwoparkslessthan10minutes'walkfromhome

whereneighbourhoodchildrengathertoplay.However,whatmychildrenwanttodoafterschoolispick

upascreen-anyscreen-andstareatitforhours.Theyarenotalone.Today'schildrenspendanaverage

offourandahalfhoursadaylookingatscreens,splitbetweenwatchingtelevisionandusingtheInternet.

Inthepastfewyears,anincreasingnumberofpeopleandorganisationshavebeguncomingupwith

planstocounterthistrend.Acoupleofyearsago,film-makerDavidBondrealisedthathischildren,then

agedfiveandthree,wereattachedtoscreenstothepointwherehewasabletosay"chocolate"intohis

three-year-oldson'searwithoutgettingaresponse.Herealisedthatsomethingneededtochange,and,

beingaLondonmediatype,appointedhimself"marketingdirectorforNature".Hedocumentedhis

journeyashesetabouttreatingnatureasabrandtobemarketedtoyoungpeople.TheresultwasProject

WildThing,afilmwhichchartsthebirthoftheWildNetwork,agroupoforganisationswiththecommon

goalofgettingchildrenoutintonature.

"Justfivemoreminutesoutdoorscanmakeadifference,MDavidBondsays."Thereisalotofreally

interestingevidencewhichseemstobesuggestingthatifchildrenareinspireduptotheageofseven,then

beingoutdoorswillbeahabitforlife."Hisownchildrenhavegotintothehabitofplayingoutsidenow:

nWejustsendthemoutintothegardenandtellthemnottocomebackinforawhile.1'

Summerisuponus.Thereisanamazingworldoutthere,anditneedsourchildrenasmuchasthey

needit.Letusgetthemoutandletthemplay.

I.Whatistheproblemwiththeauthor'schildren?

A.Theyoftenannoytheneighbours.

B.Theyaretiredofdoingtheirhomework.

C.Theyhavenofriendstoplaywith.

D.Theystayinfrontofscreensfortoolong.

2.HowdidDavidBondadvocatehisidea?

A.Bymakingadocumentaryfilm.

B.Byorganizingoutdooractivities.

C.ByadvertisinginLondonmedia.

D.Bycreatinganetworkoffriends.

3.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword"charts"inparagraph2?

A.recordsB.predictsC.delaysD.confirms

4.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.LetChildrenHaveFun

B.YoungChildrenNeedMoreFreeTime

C.MarketNaturetoChildren

D.DavidBond:ARoleModelforChildren

第二组

话题:本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了北京冬奥会在制冰难度:★★建议用时:6分钟

的原料和技术上的精益求精。

Althoughtheweatherisveryhotnow,thecarnivaloficeandsnowisgettingcloser.Thepreparationworkfor

BeijingWinterOlympicGames,whichareexpectedtobeginonFeb4,2022,hasentereditsfinalstage.InJanuary,

2021,theice-makingworkonthe“IceRibbon^^,alandmarkvenuefortheBeijingWinterOlympics,was

completed.

IntheWinterOlympics,whereracescanbewonorlostbyasmalltimegap,tinyimperfectionsintheicecan

makeallthedifference.uIfsnotjustahunkoficelikeyou*dnonnallythinkof,likeicecubessittinginyour

freezer,toldKennethGolden,aUSmathematicianwhostudiesthestructuresofice."It'samuchmore

fascinatingandcomplexsubstancethanpeoplewouldnormallythink.^^

Thefirststepforbuildinganyicerinkistopurifythewatertoremovedissolvedsolidslikesaltsandminerals.

Suchimpuritiesdon'tfitintheregularhexagonal(六边形的)structureoficethatformsaswaterfreezes.The

morepurethewateris,themoreconsistenttheicesurface.

Inadditiontotheneedforexcellenceintherawmaterialsofice-making,technologyisalsoveryimportant.

Asoneofthemostadvancedtechnologiesforwintersportsvenues,acarbondioxide(CO2)coolingtechnology

hasbeenappliedonalargescalefortheBeijingWinterOlympicGames.CO2isnotnewwhenitcomesto

ice-making.However,ithasbeengraduallyreplacedbytheman-maderefrigerant,likeFreon.

Withincreasingattentiontowardclimatechange,theoldrefrigeranthascomeintouseagain.Asanelement

oftheatmosphere,CO2doesn'tdamagetheozonelayer.AlthoughCO2isagreenhousegas,itsgreenhouseeffect

ismuchlowerthanthatofothersyntheticrefrigerants.TheWinterOlympicsvenuesadoptedCO2insteadofFreon

asarefrigerantinice-making,whichwillreducecarbondioxideemissionsgreatly.

“WebelievethesetechnologicalinnovationswillbringBeijing2022tospectatorsallovertheworldina

moreimpressiveway,"toldGaoBofromtheMediaOperationsDepartmentoftheOrganizingCommitteeofthe

BeijingWinterOlympicGames.

8.Whatistheresultofimpuritiesinwaterforice-making?

A.Thewaterisn*tabletofreezecompletely.

B.Thequalityoftheicewillbeaffected.

C.Theicesurfacewillbemoreconsistent.

D.It'slikelyforathletestofallontheice.

9.WhyhasCO2coolingtechnologybeenappliedfortheWinterOlympicGames?

A.It'sthemostadvancedtechnologiesforice-making.

B,CO2ismoreefficientthanotherrefrigerants.

C.CO2ismoreenvironmentally-friendlythanFreon.

D.CO2hasalreadyexistedintheatmosphere.

10.WhatisGaoBo'sattitudetoCO2beingappliedtoice-making?

A.Unclear.B.Opposed.C.Doubtful.D.Favourable.

11.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.TheBeijingWinterOlympicGamesIsComing.B.BeneathOlympicIce.

C.TheUseofRefrigerantsinOlympicGames.D.TheStructureofIce.

第三组

话题:本文是说明文,介绍了三星堆遗址中祭祀坑的发现、难度:★★建议用时:6分钟

发掘工作及意义。

Six"sacrificialpits(祭祀坑)”,datingback3,200to4,000years,werenewlydiscoveredinSanxingdui

RuinssiteinGuanghan,SouthwestChina*sSichuanprovince.Over500artifacts,includinggoldmasks,bronze

wares,ivories,jades,andtextiles,wereunearthedfromthesite.

Sanxingduisite,firstfoundin1929,isgenerallyconsideredasoneofthemostimportantarchaeologicalsites

alongtheupperreachesoftheYangtzeRiver.However,large-scaleexcavationonthesiteonlybeganin1986,

whentwopits-widelybelievedfbrsacrificialceremonies-wereaccidentallydiscovered.

InvestigationintheareaaroundNo1and2pitswasrelaunchedinOctober2019,andNo3pitwasfoundin

December2019,accordingtoLeiYu,aresearcherofSichuanProvincialCulturalRelicsandArchaeology

ResearchInstitutewhoheadstheongoingexcavation.Thirty-fourresearchuniversitiesandresearchinstitutes

havecooperatedinthisproject.Hesaidthenewdiscoverieswillhelptobetterunderstandmanyunexplained

findingsin1986.

MoreexcavationfollowedinMarch2020,andfivemorepitswerefoundlastyear.Anddetailedresearch

beganinOctober.Excavationcapsuleswithhi-techequipmentweresetupinthepitstobetterconservethesite.

Sanxingduisitecoversanareaof12squarekilometers,anditscorezoneofanancientcitycoversnearly4

squarekilometers.AccordingtotheNationalCulturalHeritageAdministration,studiesofSanxingduisitewill

becomeacrucialprojectinanongoingprogramArchaeologyChina,whichtriestoexplaintheoriginsofChinese

civilizationandhowdiverseculturescommunicateandcometogether.

8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“excavation"inparagraph2probablymean?

A.DiscoveryB.Dig

C.ExplorationD.Expansion

9.HowdidarchaeologistspreservetheSanxingduisite?

A.Bydividingthetaskofexcavationintoseveralparts.

B.Bycooperatingwithresearchuniversitiesandinstitutes.

C.Byusingexcavationcapsulearmedwithhi-techequipment.

D.Byconductingmoreinvestigationsaroundthesite.

10.Whatcanweinferaboutthepitsfromthetext?

A.Allsacrificialsiteswerediscoveredinthemeantime.

B.TheexcavationofSanxingduisiteonlybeganin1986.

C.TherewerealtogethersixsacrificialpitsdiscoveredinSanxingduisite

D.Thesizeofthecorezoneisapproximately1/3timesthatofSanxingduisite.

11.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.SacrificialpitswereunearthedinSanxingduiSite.

B,SanxingduiSiteneededtobeconserved.

C.SanxingduidiscoveriescastlightonancientChina.

D.Hi-techhelpedtoexcavateSanxingduiSite.

第四组

话题:这是一篇记叙文.讲述了体操运动员Ellie的成功历程难度:★★建议用时:6分钟

Elliewasaskilledgymnast(体操运动员).Butshelikedshowingoff(炫耀)).Atthegymnasticstryout

(选拔赛),sheputonaperfectperformance."Seewhocandothat!”shesaidproudly.

ThenextFriday,thelistwaspostedannouncingwhohadmadetheteam.Ellie'snamewasn'tonit."It'sunfair.

I'mbetterthanalltheothergirls!”shesaid.Shewenttoseethecoach.

"Youarequitetalented,butyourattitudeisterrible,uthecoachsaid."Makingthegymnasticsteamisn'tjust

aboutgymnastics.It'salsoaboutbeingonateam.MThatnightElliecomplainedtoherparents.Hermotherwas

angry,butherfathersaidthatthecoachhadapoint.Theyhadabigargument.Elliecouldn'tsleep.Shekept

thinkingaboutwhatthecoachhadsaid.

Elliecouldn'tstayawayfromthegym,soshepracticedalone.Oneday,afterwatchingAnnfalloffthe

parallelbars(双杠)againandagain,EllierantoherandexplainedtoAnnwhatshewasdoingwrong.Anndidas

Elliesuggestedandimproved.Elliedidn'tnoticethecoachwaslookingather.Overthenextfewmonths,Ellie

alwayshelpedtheothergirls.Theydidbetterandbetter."Wecouldn'thavedonethiswithoutEllie'shelp,*'the

girlssaid.

Thefollowingyear,Ellietriedoutforthegymnasticsteamagain.Thistime,shewasmodest.Whenthegirls

praisedher,shejustsmiledandthankedthem.Whenthecoachpostedthelistofwhohadmadetheteam,her

namewasonit.Ellieandtheothergirlswereallveryhappy.

4.HowdidElliefeelwhenshewenttoseethecoach?

A.Angry.B.Happy.C.Proud.D.Nervous.

5.Elliecouldn'tsleepontheFridaynightbecause.

A.sheslepttoomuchintheafternoon

B.shehadanargumentwithhermother

C.shewasworriedaboutthegymnasticstryout

D.shewasthinkingaboutthemeaningsofthecoach'swords

6.Whichistherightorderofthefollowingevents?

@Elliepracticedalone.②Ellie'sparentsargued.

③Elliecoachedothergirls.④Ellieshowedoffatthegymnasticstryout.

A.③①④②B.③④②①C.④②①③D.④①③②

7.What'sthebesttitleforthetext?

A.AseriouscoachB.AgymnasticsteamC.GymnasticstryoutsD.Gymnasticscompetitions

第五组

话题:这是一篇议论文,论述如何充分利用个性化电子软件难度:★★建议用时:6分钟

In1953,whenvisitinghisdaughter?smathsclass,theHarvardpsychologistB.F.Skinnerfoundeverypupil

learningthesametopicinthesamewayatthesamespeed.Later,hebuilthisfirst"teachingmachine”,whichlet

childrentacklequestionsattheirownpace.Sincethen,educationtechnology(edtech)hasrepeatedthecycleof

hypeandflop(炒作和失败),evenascomputershavereshapedalmosteveryotherpartoflife.

Softwaresto<6personalize^^learningcanhelphundredsofmillionsofchildrenstuckinmiserableclasses一but

onlyifedtechsupporterscanresistthetemptationtoreviveharmfulideasabouthowchildrenleam.Alternatives

havesofarfailedtoteachsomanychildrenasefficientlyastheconventionalmodelofschooling,where

classrooms,hierarchicalyear-groups,standardizedcurriculumsandfixedtimetablesarestillthetypicalpatternfor

mostoftheworld'snearly1.5billionschoolchildren.Underthispattern,toomanydonotreachtheirpotential.

Thatconditionremainedalmostunchangedoverthepast15years,thoughbillionshavebeenspentonITin

schoolsduringthatperiod.

Whatreallymattersthen?Theanswerishowedtechisused.Onewayitcanhelpisthroughtailor-made

instruction.Reformersthinkedtechcanputindividualattentionwithinreachofallpupils.Theotherwayedtech

canaidlearningisbymakingschoolsmoreproductive.InCaliforniaschools,insteadoftextbooks,pupilshave

“playlists”,whichtheyusetoaccessonlinelessonsandtaketests.Thesoftwareassesseschildren'sprogress,

lighteningteachers5markingloadandallowingthemtofocusonothertasks.Astudysuggestedthatchildrenin

earlyadoptersofthismodelscorebetterinteststhantheirpeersatotherschools.

Suchinnovationiswelcome.Butmakingthebestofedtechmeansgettingseveralthingsright.First,

"personalizedleaming^^mustfollowtheevidenceonhowchildrenleam.Itmustnotbeanexcusetorevive

pseudoscientificideassuchas"'learningstyles”:thetheorythateachchildhasaparticularwayoftakingin

information.Thistheorygaverisetogovernment-sponsoredschemeslikeBrainGym,whichclaimedthatsome

pupilsshouldstretchorbendwhiledoingsums.Alessconsequentialfalsehoodisthattechnologymeanschildren

donotneedtolearnfactsorleamfromateacher—insteadtheycanjustuseGoogle.Someeducationalistsgo

further,arguingthatfactsqetinthewayofskillssuchascreativity.Actually,theoppositeistrue.Accordingto

studies,mosteffectivewaysofboostinglearningnearlyallreliedonthecraftofateacher.

Second,edtechmustnarrow,ratherthanwiden,inequalitiesineducation.Heretherearegroundsfor

optimism.SomeofthepioneeringschoolsareprivateonesinSiliconValley.Butmanymorearerunby

charter-schoolgroupsteachingmostlypoorpupils,wherelaggards(成绩落后者)makethemostprogressrelative

totheirpeersinnormalclasses.AsimilarpatterncanbeobservedoutsideAmerica.

Third,thepotentialforedtechwillberealizedonlyifteachersembraceit.Theyarerighttoaskforevidence

thatproductswork.Butskepticismshouldnotturnintoirrationalopposition.Givenwhatedtechpromisestoday,

closed-mindednesshasnoplaceintheclassroom.

1.Accordingtothepassage,educationtechnologycan.

A.decreaseteachers'workingload

B.facilitatepersonalizedlearning

Chelpstandardizecurriculums

D.belovedbyschoolchildren

2.WhichexamplebestarguesagainsttheunderlinedsentenceinPara.4?

A.Thestudentswhoarebetteratmemorizationtendtobelesscreative.

B.Schoolswithbansonphoneshavebetterresultsthanhigh-techones.

C.Shakespearewastrainedingrammarbuthepennedmanygreatplays.

D.LuXun'screativitywasunlockedafterhegaveupstudyingmedicine.

3.Theauthorbelievesthatedtechfunctionswellonlywhenitis.

A.attheserviceofteaching

B.limitedinuseamongpupils

C.aimedatnarrowingthewealthgap

D.inlinewithstudents?learningstyles

4.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

A.Tostresstheimportanceofedtech.

B.Tointroducetheapplicationofedtech.

C.Todiscusshowtogetthebestoutofedtech.

D.Toappealfbrmoreopen-mindednesstoedtech.

第六组

话题:这是一篇说明文,主题语境是人与自然。难度:★★建议用时:6分钟

Cetaceans(鲸目动物)communicatethroughsoundtofindfoodandtointeractsocially.Theirsoundsvary

betweenspeciesandwithincommunities.Thelong-finnedpilotwhalescanmimic(模仿)artificialnoise,but

nobodyhadpreviouslyrecordedthem.Anewstudy,however,foundoverlapinthecetaceansoundbook.

Pilotwhalesandorcas(虎鲸),thetwolargestspeciesofcetaceans,areoftenseeninthesameenvironments

andaresimilarsizes,andbothliveinsocialgroupswithstrongunion,saysCharlotteCure,aresearcherat

CEREMALabinFrance,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy.Orcascompeteforfoodwithlong-finnedpilot

whalesandarepotentiallytheirpredators.

Evidencefromorcastomachsshowstheydooccasionallyeatpilotwhales.Butpilotwhalescanmob(成群田

住)andchasethemaway,theonlycetaceansseendefendingthemselvesfromthestrongenemiesinthisway.

Mimicrycouldserveasadditionaldefense;440neassumptionisthatiftheyusesimil

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