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热点练02阅读理解之主旨大意题(热点话题)
主旨大意题主要考查考生对所读材料(或所读材料片段)中心思想或标题的概括。做这类题时,考生应
通读全文,把握文章大意或中心思想,同时注意文章的主题句,因为主题句表达了文章的中心思想,而其
他句子均围绕主题句展开。主题句通常位于文章第一段首句、第一段末句或全文末句处,但有时也位于段
落中间(通常是第一段或最后一段的中间)。主旨大意题的考查形式有很多,如概括标题、主题、段意、中
心思想等。
常见的设问方式有:
1.标题型
Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?
Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?
Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext?
Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?
2.主题型
Whatisthetextmainlyabout?
Whatisthe...paragraphmainlyabout?
Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?
3.目的题
Themainpurposeofthepassageisto.....
考向1:段首,段尾常考
文章中首段首句或末段末句往往是中心句,所以命题者常常在首尾两段出主旨大意题。
Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?
A.5GontheWaytoMaking"Dialogue"BetweenCars
B.5GLeavesDriversFreeWhenTheyAreDriving
C.5GHasBeenPopularwithDriversAroundtheWorld
D.5GIstoBringGreatConveniencetoOurDailyLife
首段Carscouldsoonbecommunicatingwitheachotherusing5Gtomakedriversawareofupcominghazards(危
险),scientistsclaim.Theextremelyfastmobileinternetwouldallowforrapidinformationtransmissionandcould
makedriversawareofblackice,potholesorotherdangersupahead.
第一段的“Carscouldsoonbecommunicatingwitheachotherusing5Gtomakedriversawareofupcoming
hazards(危险),scientistsclaim(科学家称,汽车很快就能通过5G相互通信,让司机意识到即将到来的危险)”
可知,作者讲述了5G网络将安装在汽车上,汽车可以通过5G网络互相“对话”,让司机提前意识到危险,
因此本文最适合的题H是A选项5GontheWaytoMaking"Dialogue“BetweenCars(5G正在成为汽车之间
的“对话”),故选A。
考向2:语义转折处(尤其是首段)常考
转折连词but/however等后所跟的内容往往是作者真实的写作目的或基本观点,而这很有可能就是文章的
中心思想。
考向3:因果句常考
因果连词because,since,as,for,so,therefore等后也可表现出作者的目的,观点和文章的主题,所以也是常
考考点。
考向4:特殊标点符号后的内容常考
特殊标点符号常用:破折号,括号,冒号,引号。尤其是首段这些符号后的内容往往表达了作者的观点,
阐述了全文的主题。
满分技巧
主旨大意题解题技巧:
1.时间紧迫的情况下,只读首尾段,确定中心。
2.阅读时注意出现频率高的单词,高频词法。
3.排除内容片面,单一的选项。一般选择概括全文,内容全面,含义深刻,说明道理的选项。
热点话题
说明文科技环保类:三星堆遗址中祭祀坑的发现、发掘工作及意义,过度使用电子屏幕的影响,北京冬奥
会,5G
议论文社会现象类:如何充分利用个性化电子软件
记叙文:体操运动员Ellie的成功经历
第一组(2021•浙江卷・B篇)
话题:本文为说明文,过度使用电子屏幕的影响难度:★★建议用时:6分钟
Weliveinatownwiththreebeaches.Therearetwoparkslessthan10minutes'walkfromhome
whereneighbourhoodchildrengathertoplay.However,whatmychildrenwanttodoafterschoolispick
upascreen-anyscreen-andstareatitforhours.Theyarenotalone.Today'schildrenspendanaverage
offourandahalfhoursadaylookingatscreens,splitbetweenwatchingtelevisionandusingtheInternet.
Inthepastfewyears,anincreasingnumberofpeopleandorganisationshavebeguncomingupwith
planstocounterthistrend.Acoupleofyearsago,film-makerDavidBondrealisedthathischildren,then
agedfiveandthree,wereattachedtoscreenstothepointwherehewasabletosay"chocolate"intohis
three-year-oldson'searwithoutgettingaresponse.Herealisedthatsomethingneededtochange,and,
beingaLondonmediatype,appointedhimself"marketingdirectorforNature".Hedocumentedhis
journeyashesetabouttreatingnatureasabrandtobemarketedtoyoungpeople.TheresultwasProject
WildThing,afilmwhichchartsthebirthoftheWildNetwork,agroupoforganisationswiththecommon
goalofgettingchildrenoutintonature.
"Justfivemoreminutesoutdoorscanmakeadifference,MDavidBondsays."Thereisalotofreally
interestingevidencewhichseemstobesuggestingthatifchildrenareinspireduptotheageofseven,then
beingoutdoorswillbeahabitforlife."Hisownchildrenhavegotintothehabitofplayingoutsidenow:
nWejustsendthemoutintothegardenandtellthemnottocomebackinforawhile.1'
Summerisuponus.Thereisanamazingworldoutthere,anditneedsourchildrenasmuchasthey
needit.Letusgetthemoutandletthemplay.
I.Whatistheproblemwiththeauthor'schildren?
A.Theyoftenannoytheneighbours.
B.Theyaretiredofdoingtheirhomework.
C.Theyhavenofriendstoplaywith.
D.Theystayinfrontofscreensfortoolong.
2.HowdidDavidBondadvocatehisidea?
A.Bymakingadocumentaryfilm.
B.Byorganizingoutdooractivities.
C.ByadvertisinginLondonmedia.
D.Bycreatinganetworkoffriends.
3.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword"charts"inparagraph2?
A.recordsB.predictsC.delaysD.confirms
4.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?
A.LetChildrenHaveFun
B.YoungChildrenNeedMoreFreeTime
C.MarketNaturetoChildren
D.DavidBond:ARoleModelforChildren
第二组
话题:本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了北京冬奥会在制冰难度:★★建议用时:6分钟
的原料和技术上的精益求精。
Althoughtheweatherisveryhotnow,thecarnivaloficeandsnowisgettingcloser.Thepreparationworkfor
BeijingWinterOlympicGames,whichareexpectedtobeginonFeb4,2022,hasentereditsfinalstage.InJanuary,
2021,theice-makingworkonthe“IceRibbon^^,alandmarkvenuefortheBeijingWinterOlympics,was
completed.
IntheWinterOlympics,whereracescanbewonorlostbyasmalltimegap,tinyimperfectionsintheicecan
makeallthedifference.uIfsnotjustahunkoficelikeyou*dnonnallythinkof,likeicecubessittinginyour
freezer,toldKennethGolden,aUSmathematicianwhostudiesthestructuresofice."It'samuchmore
fascinatingandcomplexsubstancethanpeoplewouldnormallythink.^^
Thefirststepforbuildinganyicerinkistopurifythewatertoremovedissolvedsolidslikesaltsandminerals.
Suchimpuritiesdon'tfitintheregularhexagonal(六边形的)structureoficethatformsaswaterfreezes.The
morepurethewateris,themoreconsistenttheicesurface.
Inadditiontotheneedforexcellenceintherawmaterialsofice-making,technologyisalsoveryimportant.
Asoneofthemostadvancedtechnologiesforwintersportsvenues,acarbondioxide(CO2)coolingtechnology
hasbeenappliedonalargescalefortheBeijingWinterOlympicGames.CO2isnotnewwhenitcomesto
ice-making.However,ithasbeengraduallyreplacedbytheman-maderefrigerant,likeFreon.
Withincreasingattentiontowardclimatechange,theoldrefrigeranthascomeintouseagain.Asanelement
oftheatmosphere,CO2doesn'tdamagetheozonelayer.AlthoughCO2isagreenhousegas,itsgreenhouseeffect
ismuchlowerthanthatofothersyntheticrefrigerants.TheWinterOlympicsvenuesadoptedCO2insteadofFreon
asarefrigerantinice-making,whichwillreducecarbondioxideemissionsgreatly.
“WebelievethesetechnologicalinnovationswillbringBeijing2022tospectatorsallovertheworldina
moreimpressiveway,"toldGaoBofromtheMediaOperationsDepartmentoftheOrganizingCommitteeofthe
BeijingWinterOlympicGames.
8.Whatistheresultofimpuritiesinwaterforice-making?
A.Thewaterisn*tabletofreezecompletely.
B.Thequalityoftheicewillbeaffected.
C.Theicesurfacewillbemoreconsistent.
D.It'slikelyforathletestofallontheice.
9.WhyhasCO2coolingtechnologybeenappliedfortheWinterOlympicGames?
A.It'sthemostadvancedtechnologiesforice-making.
B,CO2ismoreefficientthanotherrefrigerants.
C.CO2ismoreenvironmentally-friendlythanFreon.
D.CO2hasalreadyexistedintheatmosphere.
10.WhatisGaoBo'sattitudetoCO2beingappliedtoice-making?
A.Unclear.B.Opposed.C.Doubtful.D.Favourable.
11.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?
A.TheBeijingWinterOlympicGamesIsComing.B.BeneathOlympicIce.
C.TheUseofRefrigerantsinOlympicGames.D.TheStructureofIce.
第三组
话题:本文是说明文,介绍了三星堆遗址中祭祀坑的发现、难度:★★建议用时:6分钟
发掘工作及意义。
Six"sacrificialpits(祭祀坑)”,datingback3,200to4,000years,werenewlydiscoveredinSanxingdui
RuinssiteinGuanghan,SouthwestChina*sSichuanprovince.Over500artifacts,includinggoldmasks,bronze
wares,ivories,jades,andtextiles,wereunearthedfromthesite.
Sanxingduisite,firstfoundin1929,isgenerallyconsideredasoneofthemostimportantarchaeologicalsites
alongtheupperreachesoftheYangtzeRiver.However,large-scaleexcavationonthesiteonlybeganin1986,
whentwopits-widelybelievedfbrsacrificialceremonies-wereaccidentallydiscovered.
InvestigationintheareaaroundNo1and2pitswasrelaunchedinOctober2019,andNo3pitwasfoundin
December2019,accordingtoLeiYu,aresearcherofSichuanProvincialCulturalRelicsandArchaeology
ResearchInstitutewhoheadstheongoingexcavation.Thirty-fourresearchuniversitiesandresearchinstitutes
havecooperatedinthisproject.Hesaidthenewdiscoverieswillhelptobetterunderstandmanyunexplained
findingsin1986.
MoreexcavationfollowedinMarch2020,andfivemorepitswerefoundlastyear.Anddetailedresearch
beganinOctober.Excavationcapsuleswithhi-techequipmentweresetupinthepitstobetterconservethesite.
Sanxingduisitecoversanareaof12squarekilometers,anditscorezoneofanancientcitycoversnearly4
squarekilometers.AccordingtotheNationalCulturalHeritageAdministration,studiesofSanxingduisitewill
becomeacrucialprojectinanongoingprogramArchaeologyChina,whichtriestoexplaintheoriginsofChinese
civilizationandhowdiverseculturescommunicateandcometogether.
8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“excavation"inparagraph2probablymean?
A.DiscoveryB.Dig
C.ExplorationD.Expansion
9.HowdidarchaeologistspreservetheSanxingduisite?
A.Bydividingthetaskofexcavationintoseveralparts.
B.Bycooperatingwithresearchuniversitiesandinstitutes.
C.Byusingexcavationcapsulearmedwithhi-techequipment.
D.Byconductingmoreinvestigationsaroundthesite.
10.Whatcanweinferaboutthepitsfromthetext?
A.Allsacrificialsiteswerediscoveredinthemeantime.
B.TheexcavationofSanxingduisiteonlybeganin1986.
C.TherewerealtogethersixsacrificialpitsdiscoveredinSanxingduisite
D.Thesizeofthecorezoneisapproximately1/3timesthatofSanxingduisite.
11.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?
A.SacrificialpitswereunearthedinSanxingduiSite.
B,SanxingduiSiteneededtobeconserved.
C.SanxingduidiscoveriescastlightonancientChina.
D.Hi-techhelpedtoexcavateSanxingduiSite.
第四组
话题:这是一篇记叙文.讲述了体操运动员Ellie的成功历程难度:★★建议用时:6分钟
Elliewasaskilledgymnast(体操运动员).Butshelikedshowingoff(炫耀)).Atthegymnasticstryout
(选拔赛),sheputonaperfectperformance."Seewhocandothat!”shesaidproudly.
ThenextFriday,thelistwaspostedannouncingwhohadmadetheteam.Ellie'snamewasn'tonit."It'sunfair.
I'mbetterthanalltheothergirls!”shesaid.Shewenttoseethecoach.
"Youarequitetalented,butyourattitudeisterrible,uthecoachsaid."Makingthegymnasticsteamisn'tjust
aboutgymnastics.It'salsoaboutbeingonateam.MThatnightElliecomplainedtoherparents.Hermotherwas
angry,butherfathersaidthatthecoachhadapoint.Theyhadabigargument.Elliecouldn'tsleep.Shekept
thinkingaboutwhatthecoachhadsaid.
Elliecouldn'tstayawayfromthegym,soshepracticedalone.Oneday,afterwatchingAnnfalloffthe
parallelbars(双杠)againandagain,EllierantoherandexplainedtoAnnwhatshewasdoingwrong.Anndidas
Elliesuggestedandimproved.Elliedidn'tnoticethecoachwaslookingather.Overthenextfewmonths,Ellie
alwayshelpedtheothergirls.Theydidbetterandbetter."Wecouldn'thavedonethiswithoutEllie'shelp,*'the
girlssaid.
Thefollowingyear,Ellietriedoutforthegymnasticsteamagain.Thistime,shewasmodest.Whenthegirls
praisedher,shejustsmiledandthankedthem.Whenthecoachpostedthelistofwhohadmadetheteam,her
namewasonit.Ellieandtheothergirlswereallveryhappy.
4.HowdidElliefeelwhenshewenttoseethecoach?
A.Angry.B.Happy.C.Proud.D.Nervous.
5.Elliecouldn'tsleepontheFridaynightbecause.
A.sheslepttoomuchintheafternoon
B.shehadanargumentwithhermother
C.shewasworriedaboutthegymnasticstryout
D.shewasthinkingaboutthemeaningsofthecoach'swords
6.Whichistherightorderofthefollowingevents?
@Elliepracticedalone.②Ellie'sparentsargued.
③Elliecoachedothergirls.④Ellieshowedoffatthegymnasticstryout.
A.③①④②B.③④②①C.④②①③D.④①③②
7.What'sthebesttitleforthetext?
A.AseriouscoachB.AgymnasticsteamC.GymnasticstryoutsD.Gymnasticscompetitions
第五组
话题:这是一篇议论文,论述如何充分利用个性化电子软件难度:★★建议用时:6分钟
In1953,whenvisitinghisdaughter?smathsclass,theHarvardpsychologistB.F.Skinnerfoundeverypupil
learningthesametopicinthesamewayatthesamespeed.Later,hebuilthisfirst"teachingmachine”,whichlet
childrentacklequestionsattheirownpace.Sincethen,educationtechnology(edtech)hasrepeatedthecycleof
hypeandflop(炒作和失败),evenascomputershavereshapedalmosteveryotherpartoflife.
Softwaresto<6personalize^^learningcanhelphundredsofmillionsofchildrenstuckinmiserableclasses一but
onlyifedtechsupporterscanresistthetemptationtoreviveharmfulideasabouthowchildrenleam.Alternatives
havesofarfailedtoteachsomanychildrenasefficientlyastheconventionalmodelofschooling,where
classrooms,hierarchicalyear-groups,standardizedcurriculumsandfixedtimetablesarestillthetypicalpatternfor
mostoftheworld'snearly1.5billionschoolchildren.Underthispattern,toomanydonotreachtheirpotential.
Thatconditionremainedalmostunchangedoverthepast15years,thoughbillionshavebeenspentonITin
schoolsduringthatperiod.
Whatreallymattersthen?Theanswerishowedtechisused.Onewayitcanhelpisthroughtailor-made
instruction.Reformersthinkedtechcanputindividualattentionwithinreachofallpupils.Theotherwayedtech
canaidlearningisbymakingschoolsmoreproductive.InCaliforniaschools,insteadoftextbooks,pupilshave
“playlists”,whichtheyusetoaccessonlinelessonsandtaketests.Thesoftwareassesseschildren'sprogress,
lighteningteachers5markingloadandallowingthemtofocusonothertasks.Astudysuggestedthatchildrenin
earlyadoptersofthismodelscorebetterinteststhantheirpeersatotherschools.
Suchinnovationiswelcome.Butmakingthebestofedtechmeansgettingseveralthingsright.First,
"personalizedleaming^^mustfollowtheevidenceonhowchildrenleam.Itmustnotbeanexcusetorevive
pseudoscientificideassuchas"'learningstyles”:thetheorythateachchildhasaparticularwayoftakingin
information.Thistheorygaverisetogovernment-sponsoredschemeslikeBrainGym,whichclaimedthatsome
pupilsshouldstretchorbendwhiledoingsums.Alessconsequentialfalsehoodisthattechnologymeanschildren
donotneedtolearnfactsorleamfromateacher—insteadtheycanjustuseGoogle.Someeducationalistsgo
further,arguingthatfactsqetinthewayofskillssuchascreativity.Actually,theoppositeistrue.Accordingto
studies,mosteffectivewaysofboostinglearningnearlyallreliedonthecraftofateacher.
Second,edtechmustnarrow,ratherthanwiden,inequalitiesineducation.Heretherearegroundsfor
optimism.SomeofthepioneeringschoolsareprivateonesinSiliconValley.Butmanymorearerunby
charter-schoolgroupsteachingmostlypoorpupils,wherelaggards(成绩落后者)makethemostprogressrelative
totheirpeersinnormalclasses.AsimilarpatterncanbeobservedoutsideAmerica.
Third,thepotentialforedtechwillberealizedonlyifteachersembraceit.Theyarerighttoaskforevidence
thatproductswork.Butskepticismshouldnotturnintoirrationalopposition.Givenwhatedtechpromisestoday,
closed-mindednesshasnoplaceintheclassroom.
1.Accordingtothepassage,educationtechnologycan.
A.decreaseteachers'workingload
B.facilitatepersonalizedlearning
Chelpstandardizecurriculums
D.belovedbyschoolchildren
2.WhichexamplebestarguesagainsttheunderlinedsentenceinPara.4?
A.Thestudentswhoarebetteratmemorizationtendtobelesscreative.
B.Schoolswithbansonphoneshavebetterresultsthanhigh-techones.
C.Shakespearewastrainedingrammarbuthepennedmanygreatplays.
D.LuXun'screativitywasunlockedafterhegaveupstudyingmedicine.
3.Theauthorbelievesthatedtechfunctionswellonlywhenitis.
A.attheserviceofteaching
B.limitedinuseamongpupils
C.aimedatnarrowingthewealthgap
D.inlinewithstudents?learningstyles
4.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?
A.Tostresstheimportanceofedtech.
B.Tointroducetheapplicationofedtech.
C.Todiscusshowtogetthebestoutofedtech.
D.Toappealfbrmoreopen-mindednesstoedtech.
第六组
话题:这是一篇说明文,主题语境是人与自然。难度:★★建议用时:6分钟
Cetaceans(鲸目动物)communicatethroughsoundtofindfoodandtointeractsocially.Theirsoundsvary
betweenspeciesandwithincommunities.Thelong-finnedpilotwhalescanmimic(模仿)artificialnoise,but
nobodyhadpreviouslyrecordedthem.Anewstudy,however,foundoverlapinthecetaceansoundbook.
Pilotwhalesandorcas(虎鲸),thetwolargestspeciesofcetaceans,areoftenseeninthesameenvironments
andaresimilarsizes,andbothliveinsocialgroupswithstrongunion,saysCharlotteCure,aresearcherat
CEREMALabinFrance,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy.Orcascompeteforfoodwithlong-finnedpilot
whalesandarepotentiallytheirpredators.
Evidencefromorcastomachsshowstheydooccasionallyeatpilotwhales.Butpilotwhalescanmob(成群田
住)andchasethemaway,theonlycetaceansseendefendingthemselvesfromthestrongenemiesinthisway.
Mimicrycouldserveasadditionaldefense;440neassumptionisthatiftheyusesimil
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